文档内容
第讲 17 动词的语态
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】动词语态的常见用法考查
【题型二】动词语态的特殊用法考查
【题型三】语态、时态及主谓一致易错点的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 动词语态的常见用法考查
1.(2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试试题)It’s important to recognize though that a child’s personality can
change, and gradually as they (expose) to more and more people, objects and situations, signs of
shyness can fade away.
【答案】are exposed
【解析】考查被动语态。句意:但重要的是要认识到,孩子的性格会发生变化,随着他们接触到越来越多
的人、物体和情况,害羞的迹象会逐渐消失。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作谓语,因与主语之间为被
动关系,使用被动语态,因句子表达的是一个客观情况,使用一般现在时的被动语态,又因主语为复数,
故填are exposed。
2.(广东省南粤名校联考2023-2024学年高三试题)Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t
realize that a water bowl __ (freeze) and their pet can’t get anything to drink.
【答案】has frozen
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:有时主人没有意识到水碗已经结冰了,他们的宠物找不到任何
喝的东西。此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响,使用现在完成时,主语为 a water bowl,助动词用
has。故填has frozen。
3.(2024届浙江省绍兴市高三模拟预测英语试题)Since the founding of new China, large-scale protection of the
river (carry) out and remarkable achievements made.
【答案】has been carried
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:新中国成立以来,对黄河进行了大规模的保护,并取得了显著的成就。句子结构分析可知,设空处在句中作谓语动词,由时间状语“Since the founding of new China”可知此句用
现在完成时,主语large-scale protection of the river 与动词短语carry out之间为被动关系,此句谓语动词用
现在完成时的被动语态;large-scale protection of the river作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填has been
carried
4.(湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题)The Mate 60 Pro (hail )as a 5G smartphone
with entirely independent intellectual property rights, prompting questions about the effectiveness of a US-led
global campaign to hinder(阻碍) China’s advancement in cutting-edge technology. Readers share their opinions.
【答案】was hailed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:Mate 60 Pro被誉为拥有完全自主知识产权的5G智能手机,这引发了人们
对美国领导的阻碍中国在尖端技术领域进步的全球运动的有效性的质疑。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合
语境可知动作发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为The Mate 60 Pro,谓语用单数。故填was
hailed。
5.(湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题) Characters and images ( carve) to produce
raised areas or lines that will eventually apply ink to paper.
【答案】are carved
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条,最终将墨水涂在纸上。根据句
意可知,主句描述现在的一般事实,应用一般现在时,carve与主语Characters and images之间是被动关
系,应用被动语态,且主语Characters and images是复数,be动词应用are。故填are carved。
6.(湖南省百所学校2023-2024学年高三联考试题)Many people took part and numerous goods (trade)
in the great international trade at that time.
【答案】were traded
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:在当时的国际贸易中,许多人参与其中,交易了大量的货物。主语与谓语
构成被动关系,根据上文可知为一般过去时的被动语态 Many people took part and numerous goods,主语为
numerous goods,谓语用复数。故填were traded。
7.(湖北省孝感市重点高中协作体2023-2024学年高三试题) Certain hanfu has a colorful reflective effect, as
shiny decorative powders (stamp) into the cloth.
【答案】are stamped
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:同上。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语,根据前文has以及句意可知,
句子表述客观事实,故使用一般现在时。句中 powders与stamp之间为被动关系,故使用一般现在时的被
动语态。stamp意为“在……上面印盖(图案、记号、字母等)”。故填are stamped。
8.(2024届江苏省徐州市沛县高三模拟)Under the theme of “Chinese language plus arts”, the series______
(comprise) of two parts the first part of which contains four episodes, each featuring one artist.
【答案】is comprised
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:该系列以“中国语言加艺术”为主题,由两部分组成,第一部分包含四
集,每集由一位艺术家主演。分析句子结构可知,此处应为谓语动词,根据从句中的谓语动词 contains以
及全文主时态可知,该谓语动词使用一般现在时态,与主语之间为被动关系,且主语为单数。故填 is
comprised。9.(江苏省连云港高级中学2023-2024学年高三试题) At the entrance to the villages, a grand “torch tower”,
standing more than 20 metres high and made of pine branches and dry firewood, (decorate) with fresh
flowers and fruits.
【答案】is decorated
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意:在村庄的入口处,有一座高大的“火炬塔”,高
20多米,由松枝和干木柴制成,上面装饰着鲜花和水果。该句在描述一个客观事实,且句子主语a grand
“torch tower”为第三人称单数,和谓语动词decorate之间是被动关系,是一般现在时的被动语态。故填 is
decorated。
10.(江苏省南京外国语学校2023-2024学年高三试题)Last November, traditional tea processing techniques
and associated social practices in China (add) to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible
Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
【答案】were added
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:去年11月,中国传统茶叶加工技术及相关社会实践被列入联合国教
科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词的填入,主语 techniques
and associated social practices为复数意义名词和动词add为被动关系,结合上下文时态可知,此处应为过去
时,所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were added。
题型二 动词语态的特殊用法考查
1.Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame).
【答案】to blame
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:格林先生站起来为那个男孩辩护,说他不应该受到责备。固定短语(be)
to blame表示“该受到责备”,主动形式表示被动意义,故填to blame。
2.The knife needs (edge), because it’s not sharp.
【答案】edging
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这把刀需要磨边,因为它不锋利。need后接动名词,主动形式表示被动
含义,根据句意,故填edging。
3.To be honest, he is too stubborn (persuade) to go with us.
【答案】to persuade
【解析】考查固定短语。句意:老实说,他太固执了,你说服不了他和我们一起去。根据句意可知,句中
涉及固定短语too…to…,意为“太……而不能……”,为不定式作结果状语,persuade意为“说服”,主
语he与persuade为动宾关系,故使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。不定式符号to后接动词原形。故
填to persuade。
4. Standing on the top of the mountain, he found the air was fresh (breath).
【答案】to breathe
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:站在山顶上,他发现空气呼吸起来很清新。固定用法:be +adj. + to do,
用不定式做主语补足语。不定式和句子主语是动宾关系,但用主动形式表示被动意义。故填to breathe。5. You should keep it in mind that diet (cure) more than the doctor.
【答案】cures
【解析】考查时态。句意:你应该记住,饮食治病比看医生更有疗效。由should keep可知时态是一般现在
时;cure用作不及物动词时,可用病、伤、恶习作主语,其主动形式含有被动意义;以药物或疗法作主语
时,意为“有疗效”,根据主语diet可知此处谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填cures。
6.—What about your new clothes?
—They are a little expensive but the cloth (wash) well.
【答案】washes
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:——你的新衣服怎么样?——它们有点贵,但这种布很好洗。分析句子结
构可知,此处应为谓语动词,结合句意可知,此处表示主语the cloth的特征或属性,所以此处使用主动形
式,结合上文中的谓语动词are可知,此处应是一般现在时,句子主语为第三人称单数。故填washes。
7.This list of factors needs (adapt) depending on the decision you’re making.
【答案】adapting / to be adapted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这一系列的因素需要根据你所做的决定进行调整。此处考查动词need的
搭配,need doing表示被动意义,动名词和主语之间有动宾关系,意为“需要被……”,need doing可转换
为 need to be done 结构,意思相同,故设空处可填动名词或不定式的被动结构,作宾语。故填adapting /
to be adapted。
8.We know that carbon emission from human activities are partly (blame) for global warming.
【答案】to blame
【解析】考查固定用法和不定式表被动。句意:我们知道人类活动带来的碳排放对全球变暖负有部分责
任。“be to blame for...”是固定用法,意为“对……负有责任”,用主动表被动。故填to blame。
9.Credibility is hard to earn but easy (lose), and the problem is only going to get harder from here
on out.
【答案】to lose
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意:赢得信誉很难,但是失去却很容易,这个问题从现在开始只会变得更
难。本句包含“主语+be+adj.+不定式”结构。设空处与“to earn”并列,形容词后的不定式作状语,与句子
的主语是动宾关系,不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。故填to lose。
10. In many people’s opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant __________ (deal) with.
【答案】to deal
【解析】不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式,不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to deal。
题型三 语态、时态及主谓一致易错点的考查
1.(河北省新时代NT教育2024年高三试题)“Efforts (make) to promote high-level protection and
facilitate the promulgation (颁布) of the National Park Law,” Guan said,adding that China will also increase the
application of new technologies, build a world-class scientific research monitoring platform, and strengthen
national park management capabilities.【答案】will be made
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:努力推进高水平保护,为《国家公园法》的颁布提供便利。由下文will
also increase可知此处要用一般将来时,且主语为efforts,与make是被动关系。故填will be made。
2.(2024年辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题)Today, the modernist complex (stock) with so
many art works that the exhibit arenas can show just a part of them at a time, making the artistic special exhibitions
a highlight of any visit to the Getty.
【答案】is stocked
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:如今,这座现代主义建筑群里收藏着如此多的艺术作品,以至于展览场
一次只能展出其中的一部分,这使得艺术特展成为任何参观盖蒂博物馆的亮点。根据句中can show可知,
句子使用一般现在时,stock与主语the modernist complex之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语the
modernist complex是单数,be动词应用is。故填is stocked。
3.(2024年四川石室中学高三模拟试题)For a long while, Wu had to survive on the support (provide)
by his family as he couldn’t find a proper job.
【答案】provided
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:很长一段时间,由于找不到合适的工作,吴不得不依靠家人的支持生
活。分析句子结构可知逻辑主语为support与provide之间构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填
provided。
4.(2024年云南师大附中高三模拟试题)In the first three months of the year more than 10 million pairs of
socks (export), nearly 55% more than in the corresponding period last year.
【答案】were exported
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:今年前三个月,中国出口了1000多万双袜子,比去年同期增长了近55%。
设空处为谓语,关键词in the first three months of the year是明确的过去时间。另外,此处主语和谓语之间
是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填were exported。
5.(2024年湘豫名校高三联考)The tone of guqin is quiet and distant. The guqin (favor) by the
literati(文人)in ancient China.
【答案】were exported
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意:古琴是中国古代文人喜爱的乐器。根据“in
ancient China”可知,此处应用一般过去时。根据“by the literati”可知,此处应用被动语态。主语guqin为第
三人称单数。故填was favored。
6. The new and improved Community Sports Centre is not open to the public yet, but preparations (make)
presently for the reopening.
【答案】are being made
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:经过改进的新社区体育中心尚未向公众开放,但目前正在为
重新开放做准备。根据句中is可知,句子描述现在的情况,根据句中presently可知,后句描述正在进行的
动作,应用现在进行时,make与主语preparations之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语preparations是复
数,be动词使用are。故填are being made。
7. This proverb is based on an old English law ____________(date) back to the 17th century.【答案】dating
【解析】date back to the 17th century作定语;date back to短语不能用于被动语态;作定语只能用现在分词
形式。故答案是dating。
8. We feel embarrassed to see people quarrelling in public because they (step) on
accidentally by strangers.
【答案】are stepped 或者have been stepped
【解析】考查语态。句意:看到人们因为被陌生人偶尔踩到脚了而当众吵架,我们感觉很尴尬。主语they
与动词短语step on构成被动关系,要用过去分词构成被动语态,所以要填are stepped 或者have been
stepped。
9. Now it __________(occur) to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of
luck.
【答案】occurred
【解析】It occurred to sb that…是固定句型,occur表示“发生”,不能用于被动语态。故答案是occurred。
10---What do you think of my composition?
---It __________(read) well except for a few spelling mistakes.
【答案】reads
【解析】write, read, sell, wear, wash, open, shut等用于“动词+副词”结构,常用主动形式表被动意义。故
答案是reads。
题型 语法填空
Passage 1 (23-24高三·湖北·阶段练习)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the 12th century, the Southern Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin’an. Near Lin’an, on the banks of Lake
Tai is the city of Suzhou. Given its location near the capital and its 1 (nature) beauty, Suzhou became a
preferred place 2 (live). Thus, there were over 300 gardens 3 (build) here, and more than 60
are still in 4 (exist).
Among these gardens, the Humble Administrator’s Garden (Zhuozheng Yuan) is the largest and the most
famous, and water pools take up 5 third of its area. 6 (surround) the water pools is a luxuriant
(繁茂的) group of flowers, plants, and trees, all carefully chosen according to the way their seasonal colors reflect
off the sparkling water below. As is typical of Suzhou gardens, this garden 7 (separate) into different
sections, offering various kinds of spaces 8 diverse shapes and sizes that represent different moods and
feelings.Since it is such a large garden, no simple description of the garden will do. 9 you have to do is to walk
among the water and plants, enjoy every moment, 10 find your own treasures depending on your
mood that day.
【答案】
1.natural 2.to live 3.built 4.existence 5.a/one 6.Surrounding 7.is separated
8.in 9.What 10.and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了苏州拙政园的美景。
1.考查形容词。句意:由于其靠近首都的地理位置和美丽的自然风光,苏州成为人们居住的首选之地。
根据“beauty”可知,空处需填形容词作定语,修饰名词。故填natural。
2.考查动词不定式。句意:由于其靠近首都的地理位置和美丽的自然风光,苏州成为人们居住的首选之
地。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词“became”,故空处需填非谓语动词,根据句意可知,此处表
示“去居住的首选之地”,故用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to live。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,这里建造了300多个花园,有60多个仍然存在。分析句子结构可知,
句中已有谓语动词“were”,故空处需填非谓语动词,“gardens”和“build”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词
作后置定语。故填built。
4.考查名词。句意:因此,这里建造了300多个花园,有60多个仍然存在。根据“are still in”可知,空处
需填名词作宾语,in existence表示“存在”,符合句意。故填existence。
5.考查冠词和数词。句意:在这些花园中,拙政园是最大和最著名的,水池占其面积的三分之一。根据
句意可知,此处表示三分之一,用a third或one third表示。故填a或one。
6.考查现在分词。句意:水池的四周是一群繁盛的花草树木。分析句子结构可知,该句为完全倒装句,
正常语序应是“a luxuriant group of flowers, plants, and trees is ____6____the water pools”,“a luxuriant group
of flowers, plants, and trees”和“surround”之间是主动关系,空前已有be动词,构成现在进行时,故填
Surrounding。
7.考查时态语态。句意:作为典型的苏州园林,这个园林分成不同的部分,提供不同形状和大小的各种
空间,代表不同的情绪和感觉。分析句子结构可知,空处缺谓语动词,描述客观事实用一般现在时,主语
“this garden”和“separate”之间是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is separated。
8.考查介词。句意:作为典型的苏州园林,这个园林分成不同的部分,提供不同形状和大小的各种空
间,代表不同的情绪和感觉。in diverse shapes and sizes表示“有着不同形状和大小”,符合句意。故填
in。
9.考查主语从句。句意:你要做的就是漫步在水草之中,享受每一刻,根据当天的心情找到属于自己的
宝藏。分析句子结构可知,“__9____you have to do”是主语从句,从句缺宾语,指代“你要做的事情”,
故用what引导。故填what。
10.考查连词。句意:你要做的就是漫步在水草之中,享受每一刻,根据当天的心情找到属于自己的宝
藏。分析句意可知,“walk among the water and plants, enjoy every moment”和“find your own treasures”是并
列关系。故填and。
Passage 2 (23-24高三·浙江宁波·阶段练习)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cursive a handwriting approach where letters are written faster 11 a flowing manner 12 (make)a
comeback at present as states including New Hampshire, Utah and, most 13 (recent), California are
embracing handwriting requirements in their 14 (education) standards.
“Cursive can 15 (introduce) at any age. Even adults can easily learn cursive,” said Lauren Mooney Bear,
president of the American Handwriting Analysis Foundation(AHAF).
Including handwriting as part of curricula can bring several physical, emotional and academic 16
(benefit)to students regardless of their grade level.
17 skill can bring about “an increase in eye hand coordination, social adaptability and self
confidence.”Bear also notes handwriting is a tool that, once 18 (learn), can serve students as they travel
throughout their academic journey 19 beyond.
“Studies have found that when students have taken notes by hand, their memory tend s to be more 20
(consistency) and longer lasting,” she said. “Thus, the students do better on exams and in future endeavors, as in
college exams.”
【答案】
11.in 12.is making 13.recently 14.educational 15.be introduced 16.benefits
17.The 18.learned 19.and 20.consistent
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了手写体字的重要性。
11.考查固定短语。句意:草书是一种书写速度更快、书写流畅的书写方式,随着新罕布什尔州、犹他州
和最近的加利福尼亚州将书写要求纳入其教育标准,这种书写方式正在卷土重来。结合句意可知,本空填
介词in,in a...manner意为“用……的方式”,为固定短语。故答案为in。
12.考查动词时态。句意:草书是一种书写速度更快、书写流畅的书写方式,随着新罕布什尔州、犹他州
和最近的加利福尼亚州将书写要求纳入其教育标准,这种书写方式正在卷土重来。make a comeback“卷土
重来”。结合句意和at present“目前”可知,本句时态用现在进行时,其结构为be doing,主语Cursive a
handwriting approach是单数,be动词用is。故答案为is making。
13.考查副词。句意:草书是一种书写速度更快、书写流畅的书写方式,随着新罕布什尔州、犹他州和最
近的加利福尼亚州将书写要求纳入其教育标准,这种书写方式正在卷土重来。此处需用副词recently“最
近”修饰后面整个句子。故答案为recently。
14.考查形容词。句意:草书是一种书写速度更快、书写流畅的书写方式,随着新罕布什尔州、犹他州和
最近的加利福尼亚州将书写要求纳入其教育标准,这种书写方式正在卷土重来。此处需用形容词
educational“教育的”作定语,修饰名词standards。故答案为educational。
15.考查动词语态。句意:手写体可以在任何年龄段被介绍。Cursive与introduce“介绍”为被动关系,故
用过去分词,且情态动词can后用动词原形。故答案为be introduced。
16.考查名词的数。句意:将书写作为课程的一部分可以给学生带来身体、情感和学业上的好处,无论他
们的年级如何。此处需用名词作bring的宾语,且由several修饰,需用名词benefit“好处”的复数形式。故
答案为benefits。
17.考查冠词。句意:这项技能可以提高“手眼协调能力、社会适应能力和自信心”。此处特指草书书写技能,需用定冠词the。故答案为The。
18.考查省略句。句意:贝尔还指出,书法是一种工具,一旦学会,就可以在学生的整个学术旅程中为他
们服务。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时或从句主语为it时,可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。
此处once引导的条件状语从句省略了主语it和be动词is,且it和learn“学”为被动关系,故从句用一般现
在时的被动语态,故用过去分词learned形式。故答案为learned。
19.考查连词。句意:贝尔还指出,书法是一种工具,一旦学会,就可以在学生的整个学术旅程中为他们
服务。空前后为并列关系,故用连词and连接。故答案为and。
20.考查形容词。句意:她说:“研究发现,当学生手写笔记时,他们的记忆往往更一致,更持久。”此处
需用形容词consistent“一致的”作表语。more consistent“更一致”。故答案为consistent。
Passage 3 (2024·广东广州·一模)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A skywell, or “tian jing” in Chinese, is a typical feature of a traditional home in Southern and Eastern China.
They are commonly seen in homes 21 (date) to the Ming and Qing dynasties, which 22 (design)
to house different generations of relatives. Despite their varied sizes and designs, these skywells are typically
square and located in 23 heart of the house. They serve to allow in light, enhance airflow, and harvest
rainwater.
Since decades ago, the government 24 (advocate) green buildings, promoting environmentally-
friendly practice. The increased interest towards traditional Chinese architecture is leading to the restoration of
historic buildings with skywells 25 modern use. Architects are also looking towards the principles behind
skywells while designing new buildings 26 (save) energy. The Dongguan TBA Tower in Guangdong
Province, for example, brings natural airflows into every floor with internal “windpipes” 27 function in a
similar way to skywells. The aim is to keep the building's temperature 28 (comfort) in all seasons, using
only natural airflow.
The fact that skywells still exist today shows 29 clever ancient builders were in using nature's
elements to create energy-sufficient and sustainable living spaces. These timeless architectural 30
(wonder) continue to inspire architects in their efforts to find green solutions for cooling homes and buildings.
【答案】
21.dating 22.were designed 23.the 24.has been advocating/has advocated 25.for/in
26.to save 27.which/that 28.comfortable 29.how 30.wonders
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了天井的历史以及在现代的应用。
21.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们在明清时期的房屋中很常见,这些房屋是为不同世代的亲戚设计的。分
析句子结构可知date与逻辑主语homes构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填dating。
22.考查时态语态。句意:它们在明清时期的房屋中很常见,这些房屋是为不同世代的亲戚设计的。此处
非限制性定语从句修饰先行词homes,在从句作主语,与谓语构成被动关系,根据上文the Ming and Qing
dynasties可知为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用复数。故填were designed。
23.考查冠词。句意:尽管它们的大小和设计各不相同,但这些天井通常是方形的,位于房屋的中心。此处heart特指房屋的中心,前面应用定冠词。故填the。
24.考查时态。句意:从几十年前开始,政府就一直提倡绿色建筑,提倡环保的做法。根据上文Since
decades ago可知应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时,主语为the government,助动词用has。故填has been
advocating/has advocated。
25.考查介词。句意:人们对中国传统建筑的兴趣日益浓厚,这导致了对带有天井的历史建筑进行修复,
以供现代使用。短语for/in modern use表示“供……使用”。故填for/in。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意:建筑师们在设计新建筑时也在关注天井背后的原则,以节省能源。分析句子
结构可知save在句中作目的状语,应用不定式。故填to save。
27.考查定语从句。句意:例如,广东省东莞TBA大厦通过内部“气管”将自然气流引入每层,其功能与
天井类似。定语从句修饰先行词windpipes,关系词在从句作主语,指物,故填which/that。
28.考查形容词。句意:其目的是在所有季节保持建筑的温度舒适,只使用自然气流。此处作宾补,表示
“舒适的”应用形容词comfortable。故填comfortable。
29.考查宾语从句。句意:事实上,今天仍然存在的天井表明,古代的建筑者是多么聪明,他们利用自然
的元素来创造能源充足和可持续的生活空间。引导宾语从句,表示“多么聪明”应用how。故填how。
30.考查名词的数。句意:这些永恒的建筑奇迹继续激励着建筑师们努力寻找绿色解决方案来为房屋和建
筑物降温。根据上文these可知wonder应用复数形式。故填wonders。
1.(2024年北京卷)And when ______ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
【答案】asked
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:当被问及他的新头衔时,他分享了秘诀:适度。结合语意,when引
导的时间状语从句中,主语为he,且ask与he之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be asked,状语从句中,从
句主语与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词形式,则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填
asked。
2.(2024 新课标 II 卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, ___61___
(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居
仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可
知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,
所以用被动语态。故填was built。
3.(2021全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It_________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【答案】was built
【解析】句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,空格处为
谓语,动词 build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语 the Tang
dynasty可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was built。
4.(2021年浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and _________
(sell) most of their furniture.
【答案】sold
【解析】考查动词。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成
分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提
示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。
5.(2023新课标II卷)As a little girl, I _________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可
知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过
去时。故填wished。
6.(2023 年全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-
existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【答案】was amazed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于
一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city
was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词
amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
7.(2023年天津6月卷)The wooden tower that _________ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost
finished.
A.is being restored B.is restored
C.is restoring D.restores
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态语态。句意:正在修复的木塔很快将对游客开放,工程即将完工。A. is being restored正
在被修复,现在进行时的被动语态;B. is restored被修复,一般现在时的被动语态;C. is restoring正在修
复,现在进行时;D.restores修复,一般现在时。此句the wooden tower是先行词,做定语从句的主语,
restore是定语从句的谓语动词,二者在逻辑上是被动关系,所以要用被动语态。根据后文 the work is
almost finished,修复工作几乎快要结束,说明还没结束,修复、复原工作正在进行。所以要用现在进行时
的被动语态。故填is being restored,故选A项。
8.(2022 年新课标 I 卷)The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the
authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological
buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.【答案】is designed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护
生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语,和
句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被
动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
9.(2021年浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and
a BMI of between 19 and 25 _________ (consider) healthy.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查动词时态。这里涉及到句式结构的分析,前面有and连接,所以and 后面的句子是需要有完
整谓语的,BMI属于专有名词,用谓语is considered 即可。
10.(2020年新课标)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _________ (form) the core
collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.
【答案】formed
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心
藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。