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第 16 讲 动词时态之完成时
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】现在完成时的考查
【题型二】过去完成时的考查
【题型三】将来完成时的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 现在完成时的考查
1.（广东省六校2023-2024学年高三第一次联考试题）Panda conservation, on its own, (be) a success
up to now.
【答案】has been
【解析】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，熊猫保护本身是成功的。根据后文up to now可知为现在完成时，
主语为conservation，助动词用has。故填has been。
2.（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三模拟预测英语试题)Since the founding of new China, large-scale protection of the
river (carry) out and remarkable achievements made.
【答案】has been carried
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：新中国成立以来，对黄河进行了大规模的保护，并取得了显著的成就。
句子结构分析可知，设空处在句中作谓语动词，由时间状语“Since the founding of new China”可知此句用
现在完成时，主语large-scale protection of the river 与动词短语carry out之间为被动关系，此句谓语动词用
现在完成时的被动语态；large-scale protection of the river作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填has been
carried。
3.（湖南省岳阳第一中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题）But locals say the demand for their paintings ______
(decline) in the past two pandemic-struck years. ”Most people would probably be surprised that Dafen still exists.
【答案】has declined
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：但当地人表示，在过去疫情肆虐的两年里，对他们画作的需求有所下降。分析句子可知，根据时间状语in the past two pandemic-struck years (在过去疫情肆虐的两年里)谓语动词
decline 应使用现在完成时，主语 the demand for their paintings 抽象概念，谓语单数形式。故填 has
declined。
4.（江苏省镇江第一中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）According to a recent report archaeologists______
(restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors.
【答案】have restored
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：根据最近的一份报告，考古学家已经修复了 140多个兵马俑。分析句子结
构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以 restore作本句谓语，根据标志词recent可知，用现在完成时，主语是
archaeologists，为复数。故填have restored。
5.（湖南省百所学校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Since the Chinese highly qualified silk 42 (make)
its fame to the western countries, the merchants sought the opportunity of trading Chinese silk along this route and
gained a great fortune.
【答案】had made
【解析】考查时态。句意：由于中国高品质的丝绸在西方国家名声大噪，商人们就沿着这条路线寻找交易
中国丝绸的机会，并获得了巨大的财富。此处从句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had made。
6.（湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题）During his lifetime, Wang （pen）more than 1,
000 poems.
【答案】has penned/penned
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在他的一生中，王安石写了1000多首诗。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词
的填入，王安石是对历史产生巨大影响的人物，在描写该类名人的影响时可使用现在完成时强调其对当下
造成的影响，也可以使用一般过去时描述过去发生的某件事情。故填has penned/penned。
7.（湖南省邵东市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Nang cultural industrial parks (build) so far in
many cities.
【答案】have been built
【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，许多城市都建起了馕文化产业园。空格处是
句中谓语动词，与主语Nang cultural industrial parks之间是被动关系。由时间状语so far可知，应使用现在
完成时态。又因主语是复数名词，助动词用have。故填have been built。
8.（广东省南粤名校联考2023-2024学年高三试题）Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t
realize that a water bowl __ (freeze) and their pet can’t get anything to drink.
【答案】has frozen
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：有时主人没有意识到水碗已经结冰了，他们的宠物找不到任何
喝的东西。此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，主语为 a water bowl，助动词用
has。故填has frozen。
9.（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2023-2024年高三试题）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example,roughly
200 academics - many of them climate scientists （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort
started two years ago.
【答案】have promised【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有
200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成
时，故填have promised。
10.（2024届广东省四校高三第一次联考试题）So far, Shandong (launch) many cultural tourism
projects, making great progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River to boost the high-quality
development of the region.
【答案】has launched
【解析】考查时态。句意：迄今为止，山东已经启动了许多文化旅游项目，在挖掘黄河文化和价值方面取
得了重大进展，以推动该地区的高质量发展。根据上文So far可知为现在完成时，主语为Shandong，助动
词用has。故填has launched。
题型二 过去完成时的考查
1．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）He said the team (experiment) with different types of food products,
but the models they got weren't as successful.
【答案】had experimented
【解析】考查时态。句意：他说，该团队已经试验了不同类型的食品，但他们得到的模型并不成功。这里
为从句的谓语动词，根据主句谓语said可知，从句时态为过去完成时。故填had experimented。
2．（23-24高三·全国·课后作业）The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub
packed with people.
【答案】had contacted
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当主人到达挤满了人的酒吧时，他已经提前和我联系了。分析句子可知，
此处为谓语动词的填入，结合该句时间状语by the time he reached…可知，此处应为过去完成时。故填had
contacted。
3．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）By the end of the expedition, we (climb) 12 mountains,
watched 108 nest boxes, tagged 35 mammals, banded 74 birds and measured more than a thousand trees. We were
tired out...
【答案】had climbed
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：到探险结束时，我们爬了12座山，观察了108个巢箱，给35种哺乳动
物贴上了标签，给74只鸟戴上了绑带，还测量了1000多棵树。我们都累坏了……根据“By the end of the
expedition”可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had climbed。
4．（23-24高三·福建·阶段练习）The construction workers (plug) the hole with plastic bags
before it rained heavily.
【答案】had plugged
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：在下大雨之前，建筑工人已经用塑料袋堵住了这个洞。根据时间状语从
句before it rained heavily可知，此处是描述在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，用过去完成时，故填had
plugged。5．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）By Aug 19, Haihua Island (receive) over 1 million tourists during
the summer vacation.
【答案】had received
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：截至8月19日，海花岛在暑假期间接待了超过100万游客。根据上文By
Aug 19可知，是by+过去时间点，此处表示“过去的过去”，谓语动词receive应用过去完成时。故填had
received。
6．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Since the Chinese highly qualified silk (make) its fame to the
western countries, the merchants sought the opportunity of trading Chinese silk along this route and gained a great
fortune.
【答案】had made
【解析】考查时态。句意：由于中国高品质的丝绸在西方国家名声大噪，商人们就沿着这条路线寻找交易
中国丝绸的机会，并获得了巨大的财富。make发生在sought和gained之前，此处表示过去的过去，用过
去完成时。故填had made。
7．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）The rising sun (colour) the sky bright red when we climbed onto the
top of the mountain.
【答案】coloured/had coloured
【解析】考查时态。句意：当我们登上山顶时，冉冉升起的太阳把天空染成了鲜红色。动词colour意为
“渲染，为……着色”。根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，本空用过去式coloured。
也可以理解为，在“我们”到达山顶之前，太阳把天空染成了鲜红色这件事已经发生，句子时态用过去完
成时。故填coloured或had coloured。
8．（23-24高三·江苏南京·阶段练习）It was the most instructive lecture that I (attend) since I went
to that school.
【答案】had attended
【解析】考查时态。句意：这是我去那所学校以来所听过的最有教育意义的讲座。分析句子结构可知，此
处为定语从句的谓语动词，根据固定句型“It is+序数词或者形容词、副词的最高级+that从句”结构中，从
句用现在完成时，该题中主句中的系动词为was，按照时态一致的原则，所以此处应使用故去完成时，且
与句子主语I之间为主动关系。故填had attended。
9．（23-24高三·福建漳州·期末）By 2021, the number of adult English speakers in Asia (reach) 350
million.
【答案】had reached
【解析】考查时态。句意：到2021，亚洲讲英语的成人人数已达到3.5亿。分析句子结构可知，空处为句
子的谓语动词。根据时间状语By 2021可知，时态为过去完成时。故填had reached。
10．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）If I (see) the film, I would have told you about it.
【答案】had seen
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我看了这部电影，我会告诉你的。此处与过去事实相反：主句用
would (should, could, might) +have+过去分词，从句用过去完成时。故填had seen。题型三 将来完成时的考查
1．（23-24高三·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Martin has been working really hard on the presentation since Monday
and he believes that he (finish) it by Friday.
【答案】will have finished
【解析】考查时态。句意：马丁从星期一开始就非常努力地做报告，他相信他能在星期五之前完成。由句
意可知，“by Friday”是将来的时间词，完成报告会在将来的周五前完成，所以用将来完成时，即will have
finished。故填will have finished。
2．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）I hope Jack’s health (improve) greatly by the time we go back to
school this September.
【答案】will have improved
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：当我们今年9月回到学校时，我希望杰克的健康会有很大的改善。根据句
意和时间状语by the time we go back to school this September，此处应用将来完成时，表示在将来某一时间
以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。故填will have improved。
3．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）My train arrives in Shanghai at 10 this morning. The plane I would like to take
from there (leave) by then.
【答案】will have left
【解析】考查时态。句意：我的火车今天上午10点到达上海。到那时，我想从那里乘的飞机已经离开了。
根据句意和句中“by then”可知，句中表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作，即上午10点前飞机已经
离开了，应用将来完成式，谓语动词为“will have done”，“leave”意为“离开”，动词词性，过去分词为
“left”，故空格处应填“will have left”。故填will have left。
4．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）On the next birthday, Ann (marry) for twenty years.
【答案】will have been married
【解析】考查时态。句意：在下一个生日，Ann 将结婚二十年。分析句子可知，On the next birthday暗示
用将来时，再由“for twenty years”可知，这里应用完成时态，且用be married表状态，综上，用将来完成
时。故填will have been married。
5．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）（2022·江苏·南京市第一中学模拟预测）They read this letter to him on the
air: “Hello, my name is Brenda Schmitz, when you receive this letter, I (lose) my battle to cancer.”.
【答案】will have lost
【解析】考查时态。句意：他们在广播中给他读了这封信：你好，我叫Brenda Schmitz。当你收到这封信
时，我将已经输给了癌症。分析句子可知，Brenda Schmitz在弥留之际，写下了这封信，她当时知道自己
时日不多，将来会败给癌症，因此用将来完成时表示将来某一时间前已经完成的动作。故填will have
lost。
6．（23-24高三·全国·课时练习）By the time Jane gets home, her aunt (leave) for London to attend
a meeting.
【答案】will have left
【解析】考查时态。句意：到简到家的时候，她阿姨已经去伦敦开会了。根据by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时可知，主句用将来时态。leave for London 这一动作在gets home这一动作发生之时已经
完成，故用将来完成时。根据句意，故填will have left。
7．（24-25高三·全国·课后作业）By the time you come here, you (experience) our traditional
Chinese culture.
【答案】will have experienced
【解析】考查将来完成时。句意：当你来到这里时，你将体验到我们的中国传统文化。根据“By the time
you come here”可知，此处应用将来完成时。动词experience意为“体验”。故填will have experienced。
8．（24-25高三·全国·单元测试）By the time he leaves university, he will (get) work experience so
long as he takes a part-time job.
【答案】have got
【解析】考查时态。句意：到他大学毕业的时候，只要他做一份兼职，他就会有工作经验。By the time是
完成时的标志，由he leaves university可知，句子表示将来的一个时间之前要完成的动作，时态用将来完成
时will have done，因此空格处是have got。故填have got。
9．（23-24高三·上海·阶段练习）He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from
the university next year.
【答案】will have learned/will have learnt
【解析】考查时态。句意：到明年大学毕业时，他已经学了八年英语了。空处为主句谓语动词，根据by
the time引导的从句“he graduates from the university next year”可知，主句陈述将来某时间前已经完成的动
作，应用将来完成时。故填will have learned/learnt。
10．（23-24高三·江苏泰州·阶段练习）It is reported that by the end of this year, the import of seafood
(drop) by about 10%.
【答案】will have dropped
【解析】考查时态。句意：据报道，到今年年底，海产品进口将下降10%左右。空处作从句的谓语，结合
时间状语by the end of this year可知，此处描述截止到将来的时间点前完成的行为，应用将来完成时，因此
空处应用will have done的形式。故填will have dropped。
题型 语法填空
Passage 1（2024·浙江·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For most of us, popcorn is synonymous (同义的) with movie theaters. We go to the movies, buy a popcorn,
and enjoy the show 1 even thinking twice about it. But, why? Why do we always eat popcorn at the
movies?One reason for popcorn’s increasing 2 (popular) was its mobility: in 1885, the first steam-powered
popcorn maker hit the streets, invented by Charles Cretor. The mobile nature of the machine made 3 the
perfect production machine to serve customers 4 (attend) outdoor sporting events, or circuses and 5
(fair). Not only was popcorn mobile, but it could be mass-produced without a kitchen, an advantage 6
another crunchy snack — the potato chip — lacked. Another reason for its dominance over other snacks was its
appealing smell when 7 (heat).
But it wasn’t super fancy to movie theatres at first as they didn’t allow such a loud and messy food into their
performances. 8 relationship between popcorn and the movies was really set in stone during World War
II. Things like chocolate and sugar were limited during the war while salt and popcorn kernels were never limited.
So the country’s favorite go-to-movie snack was even 9 (available) and popular. Ever since, popcorn and
movies 10 (continue) to be as iconic as any duo (二重奏) out there.
【答案】
1．without 2．popularity 3．it 4．attending 5．fairs 6．that/which 7．heated 8．
The 9．more available 10．have continued
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爆米花总是和看电影联系在一起的原因。
1．考查介词。句意：我们去看电影，买个爆米花，不假思索地欣赏电影。根据前文“For most of us,
popcorn is synonymous (同义的) with movie theaters.(对我们大多数人来说，爆米花就是电影院的代名词)”可
知，此处是指不假思索地欣赏电影，所以应用介词without表示“没有”。故填without。
2．考查名词。句意：爆米花越来越受欢迎的一个原因是它的移动性：1885年，查尔斯·克雷特发明了第一
台蒸汽动力爆米花机。此处作宾语，应用名词popularity表示“受欢迎”。故填popularity。
3．考查代词。句意：机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器，为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博览会
的客户服务。根据“the perfect production machine”可知，此处是指使这种机器成为完美的生产机器，代指
the machine应用代词it。故填it。
4．考查现在分词。句意：机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器，为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博
览会的客户服务。动词attend意为“参加”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语customers构成主动关系，
所以应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填attending。
5．考查名词复数。句意：机器的移动特性使其成为完美的生产机器，为参加户外体育赛事或马戏团和博
览会的客户服务。fair意为“博览会”，为可数名词，根据“outdoor sporting events, or circuses”可知，此处
应用复数形式。故填fairs。
6．考查定语从句。句意：爆米花不仅可以移动，而且可以在没有厨房的情况下批量生产，这是另一种脆
脆的零食——薯片——所缺乏的优势。在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为advantage，所以应用关系代词
which或that。故填which/that。
7．考查过去分词。句意：它在其他零食中占据主导地位的另一个原因是它在加热时散发出诱人的气味。
动词heat意为“加热”，和逻辑主语“爆米花”构成被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式作状语。故填
heated。
8．考查冠词。句意：爆米花和电影之间的关系在第二次世界大战期间确实是板上钉钉的。根据“between
popcorn and the movies”可知，此处特指爆米花和电影之间的关系，所以应用定冠词the。句首首字母应大写。故填The。
9．考查比较级。句意：因此，这个国家最受欢迎的电影小吃变得更容易买到，也更受欢迎。在even后形
容词available应用比较级。根据前文“Things like chocolate and sugar were limited during the war while salt
and popcorn kernels were never limited.(像巧克力和糖这样的东西在战争期间是限制的，而盐和爆米花仁则从
来没有限制过。)”可知，此处是指更容易买到。故填more available。
10．考查现在完成时。句意：从那以后，爆米花和电影就像任何一对搭档一样，一直是标志性的。根据
ever since可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语popcorn and movies是复数，助动词用have。故填have
continued。
Passage 2（2024·湖北·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tianshui in Northwest China’s Gansu Province is sweeping social media with one of its unique dishes. This
city is stepping into the spotlight now that its local street dish malatang has become increasingly 11
(influence) on social media.
According to the China News Agency, one restaurant owner in Tianshui 12 (note), “we have been
serving at least 400 customers a day, as people from other provinces drive to the city to get 13 taste of
the local cuisine.” “There has been a long queue outside my restaurant even on weekdays,” said the shop owner.
The growing 14 (popular) of this kind of street food can also be reflected in its main ingredient, the
Gangu chili pepper, or lamb’s horn pepper, grown in Gangu county, a place well-known 15 the
“Hometown of Chili Peppers” in China.
The sales of products such as the broth for Tianshui malatang and Gangu chili peppers have been surging
recently. In some places, the sales of Gangu chili peppers 16 (increase) tenfold in the past two weeks.
Young customers born in the 1990s have become the leading force for its consumption, 17 (account) for
40 percent of chili pepper product sales. At the same time, related hashtags such as “going for malatang in Gansu
by high-speed train” have been trending on China’s Sina Weibo, 18 on the short video platform Douyin,
the topic Tianshui has been viewed more than 12 billion times.
The successful tourism experience 19 (earn) by the cities of Zibo and Harbin has paved the way
for Tianshui, 20 the culinary dish is becoming a main force for the city to stand out.
【答案】
11．influential 12．noted 13．a 14．popularity 15．as 16．have increased 17．
accounting 18．and/while 19．earned 20．where
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了天水麻辣烫的爆火。
11．考查形容词。句意：由于当地街头小吃麻辣烫在社交媒体上的影响力越来越大，这座城市正成为人们
关注的焦点。become用作连系动词，空处应填形容词作表语，故填influential。
12．考查一般过去时。句意：据中新社报道，天水的一位餐馆老板指出：“我们每天至少接待400名顾
客，因为外省的人开车来天水品尝当地美食。”句子是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填
noted。
13．考查冠词。句意同上。get a taste of“品尝”，固定短语，故填a。14．考查名词。句意：这种街头小吃越来越受欢迎，也可以从它的主要原料——甘谷辣椒上反映出来，这
种辣椒生长在中国著名的“辣椒之乡”——甘谷县。空处应填名词作主语，popularity为不可数名词，故填
popularity。
15．考查介词。句意同上。(be) well-known as“作为……而闻名”，固定短语，故填as。
16．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在一些地方，甘谷辣椒的销量在过去两周内增长了10倍。根据时间状语
“in the past two weeks”可知，句子用现在完成时，主语sales表示复数意义，故填have increased。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：90后年轻顾客已成为其消费的主力军，占辣椒产品销售额的40%。句子已有
谓语，设空处为非谓语，account for和逻辑主语Young customers之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，
故填accounting。
18．考查连词。句意：与此同时，“坐高铁去甘肃吃麻辣烫”等相关话题在新浪微博上成为热门话题，
（而）在短视频平台抖音上，天水话题的浏览量已经超过120亿次。设空处前后为完整的句子，结合句意
可知，前后表示并列关系，可用连词and连接，也可理解为表示对比，用连词while连接。故填and/
while。
19．考查非谓语动词。句意：淄博和哈尔滨成功的旅游经验为天水铺平了道路，天水的美食正成为该市脱
颖而出的主要力量。句子已有谓语，设空处为非谓语，earn和tourism experience之间是动宾关系，应用过
去分词作后置定语，故填earned。
20．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Tianshui，关系词在从句中作地点
状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。
Passage 2（2024·湖北·三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shoushan Stone was first discovered in Shoushan, Fuzhou. For centuries, craftsmen have been carving
stones primarily 21 (mine) from the Shoushan village. The stones are carved 22 figures,
animals and many other artworks.
The Charm of Shoushan Stone, 23 ongoing exhibition at the National Art Museum of China,
24 (gather) antique and modern objects which introduce the tradition of stone carving in Fujian. It offers a
visual introduction to both the fine quality of Shoushan Stone and the superb skills required 25 (process)
it. On show at the exhibition are seals(印章) made from excellent examples of the stone, 26 were sought
after among the literati (文人墨客) of the Ming and Qing dynasties. There are also mini sculptures which show
craftsmen's different 27 (approach) to carving Shoushan Stone based on its rich color schemes: a red and
yellow stone that is suitable for sculpting mountains, flowers and fruits, a black one for trees and stones 28
a grey one for clouds.
So far, Shoushan Stone, 29 (official) named “China National Stone”, 30 (become) a
symbol of elegance, dignity and wisdom, which is worthy of collection.
【答案】
21．mined 22．into 23．an 24．gathers 25．to process 26．which 27．approaches
28．and 29．officially 30．has become【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了福州寿山石的起源和传统雕刻工艺，它已被正式命名为“中国
国石”，成为优雅、尊贵和智慧的象征，值得收藏。
21．考查过去分词。句意：几个世纪以来，工匠们一直在雕刻石头，这些石头主要是从寿山村开采的。分
析句子结构可知，mine在句子中作为非谓语动词使用，它和stones之间为被动关系，因此使用过去分词作
后置定语，故填mined。
22．考查固定短语。句意：这些石头被雕刻成人物、动物和许多其他艺术品。固定短语be carved into：被
雕刻成，故填into。
23．考查冠词。句意：中国美术馆正在举办的“寿山石的魅力”展览，汇集了古代和现代文物，介绍了福
建的石雕传统。 exhibition为可数名词，ongoing是以元音音素开头的单词，因此使用不定冠词an，故填
an。
24．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国美术馆正在举办的“寿山石的魅力”展览，汇集了古代和现代文
物，介绍了福建的石雕传统。分析句子结构可知，gather在句子中作为谓语动词使用，结合“It offers a
visual introduction to both the fine quality of Shoushan Stone and the superb skills ”可知，谓语动词gather使用
一般现在时，并且主语“The Charm of Shoushan Stone”为单数意义，故填gathers。
25．考查动词不定式。句意：它直观地介绍了寿山石的优良品质和加工它所需的精湛技术。require...to
do：需要……做某事，require的宾语是skills，故填to process。
26．考查定语从句。句意：此次展示会还展出了明清文人所喜爱的用红玉制作的印章。分析句子结构可
知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，seals是先行词，它在从句中作主语，指物，因此使用which引导定语
从句，故填which。
27．考查名词的数。句意：还有迷你雕塑，根据寿山石丰富的配色，展示了工匠们雕刻寿山石的不同方
法：红色和黄色的石头适合雕刻山、花和水果，黑色的石头适合雕刻树木和石头，灰色的石头适合雕刻
云。approach是可数名词，前有different 修饰，需要变复数，故填approaches。
28．考查并列连词。句意：还有迷你雕塑，根据寿山石丰富的配色，展示了工匠们雕刻寿山石的不同方
法：红色和黄色的石头适合雕刻山、花和水果，黑色的石头适合雕刻树木和石头，灰色的石头适合雕刻
云。分析句子结构可知，“a red and yellow stone that is suitable for sculpting mountains, flowers and fruits”和
“a black one for trees and stones ”以及“ a grey one for clouds”之间为并列关系，而并列连词and常用来表
示这种关系，故填and。
29．考查副词。句意：至此，寿山石，正式命名为“中国国石”，已成为优雅、尊贵、智慧的象征，值得
收藏。使用副词作状语修饰过去分词named ，需要的词义为“正式地”，故填officially。
30．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：至此，寿山石，正式命名为“中国国石”，已成为优雅、尊贵、智慧的
象征，值得收藏。根据句中的“So far”可知，become使用现在完成时，主语Shoushan Stone为单数意义，
故填has become。1.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空）In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six
continents.
【答案】has walked
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家。根据时间状语in the last five
years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
2.（2023北京卷）Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find
that no other guest _________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【答案】had arrived
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到
场，女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去
完成时。故填had arrived。
3.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics
— many of the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years
ago.
【答案】have promised
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：例如，在一个名为“无蝇气候科学”的网站上，大约200名学者
——其中许多气候科学家——承诺自两年前开始这项工作以来，尽可能少地飞行。根据时间状语“since
the effort started two years ago”可知，主句应使用现在完成时，主语“many of them climate scientists”是复
数，因此空格处是have promised。故填have promised。
4.（2022年浙江卷1月语法填空）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by
plane ________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
【答案】is viewed/has been viewed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：经常乘飞机去参加会议、演讲、研讨会等，被认为是科学家们聚在一起交
流信息的重要方式。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认
知，用现在完成时。动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系，故可以用一般现在时的被动语态或现在完成
时的被动语态，且动名词作主语，谓语用单数。故填is viewed/has been viewed。
5.（2020 年北京卷）The Neanderthals_________（live）alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of
thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000 years ago.
【答案】lived/had lived/had been living
【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年，直到大约 4万
年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语，结合句意，此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万年。设空处的动作发生
在灭绝之前，结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去完成时态或者过去完成进行时态；又
因动作发生在过去，强调过去发生的动作，也可用一般过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。6.（2024年浙江1月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad
in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】have started
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆
分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have
started。
7.（2023年北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【答案】has established
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到
目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
8.（2022 年北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t
survive if this situation continues.
【答案】has increased
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，
可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
9.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of
them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【答案】have promised
【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有
200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成
时，故填have promised。
10.（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past
20 years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
【答案】 has been
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，
这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语 over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成
时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。
