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►专题 01 语法填空之有提示词梳理
讲
考点难点精
【解法思维导图】
(一)高频考点之一：提示词为动词
1．考查谓语动词
第一步：确定是否作谓语
首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所需词与之是并列关系时，空
处就用谓语动词。
第二步： 若填谓语动词， 就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致：
①看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；
②看“主语”定语态( 看主语是否为动作的发出者)；
③看人称和数， 确保主谓一致
【例】 [2021·全国卷甲]The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's longhistory. It __41__ (build) originally to protect the city 42.in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored
(修复).
分析：
第一步：确定填谓语。
分析句子成分可知，空处和“has now been completely restored”作并列谓语。
第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。
有时间状语“in the Tang dynasty”可知发生在过去，根据主语“it (the Xi'an City Wall)”与动词build之间是被动
关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
2．考查非谓语动词
3．
若句中已有谓语动词，空处又不在句中作并列谓语时，所要填的通常是非谓语动词，此
解题 时需进一步确定是非谓语动词的哪种形式。一般来说，作主语、宾语、表语、定语通常
攻略 用动名词形式；此外，doing表示主动、正在进行；done表示被动、完成；to do表示尚
未发生的动作。
分析：第一句中已有谓语动词don't have to
You don't have to run fast or for long __ run，故空格处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可
__ (see) the benefit. You may drink, 知应填不定式to see，作目的状语。第二句中
举例4
smoke, be overweight and still reduce 已有谓语动词reduce，故空格处应为非谓语动
your risk of ____ (die) early by running. 词。又因空格前有介词of，结合句意可知，
应填dying，作介词of的宾语。
Another reason for corn's rise: The
分析：句中已有谓语动词encourages，故空格
举例5 government encourages farmers to grow 处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知应填不定
corn instead of rice ____ (improve) water
式to improve，作目的状语。quality.
分析：分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动
China's approach to protecting its
词offers，再根据空格前有从属连词while可
environment while ___ (feed) its citizens
知，“while ____ (feed) its citizens”为时间状
举例6 “offers useful lessons for agriculture and
语从句的省略结构，所填的词与其逻辑主语
food policymakers worldwide，” says
China之间为主动关系，故应填现在分词
the bank's Juergen Voegele.
feeding。
But my connection with pandas goes back 分析：when引导的从句中已经有谓语动词
to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, was，且从句中无其他连词，故空处应填非谓
when I was the first Western TV reporter 语动词。reporter与permit之间是被动关系，
举例7
____(permit) to film a special unit caring 故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语
for pandas rescued from starvation in the permitted to ...作后置定语，修饰reporter。故
wild. 填permitted。
（二）高频考点之二：名、形、副词性转换
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时，一要根据空处在句中所
作的成分确定词性：名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等，动词作谓语与非谓语，形容词作表语、定语，
副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子；二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级；三要根据名词前的数词、
量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
如何判断是否考查词形转换
解题攻略 例
【例】 [2021·全国卷乙]It is different from traditional
tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated
•第一步：确定是否考查词形转
about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions
换：
and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for
提示词为动词， 如果既不是谓语 conservation and benefits the ________ (develop) of the
动词， 也不是非谓语动词， 则考 local areas.
虑动词词性转换。
分析：第一步：确定是否考查词性转换
•第二步：确定转换为名词或形容
词： 提示词为动词，句子有谓语动词allows及并列谓语
provides可知，空格处既不是谓语动词， 也不是非谓
根据句式结构以及空格所缺成分进
一步分析，如果作动词或介词的宾 语动词， 则考虑动词词性转换。
语、作主语， 动词常转换为名
第二步：确定转换为名词或形容词
词； 如果作表语或者定语，动词
常转换为形容词。
根据分析句子成分，空格在冠词the之后， 应填名
词。
1.动词转换为形容词：
①-able结尾的形容词accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担的起的
②v.＋ed/ing 转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
③v.＋词缀ive转化为形容词
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
④v.＋词缀-ful/less转换为形容词
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
2．动词转换为名词
①v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration n．庆祝
compete→competition n．比赛
pollute→pollution n．污染
educate→ education n．教育
②v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
achieve→achievement n．成就
announce→announcement n．宣布
argue→argument n．争论， 论据
develop→development n．发展
③v.＋-er/-or 转换为名词， 表示“人”
perform→performer n．表演者
settle→settler n．移民者educate→educator n．教育家
direct→director n．导演
3.名词的单复数：
若提示词是可数名词单数，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的复数。若有以下情
况考虑名词复数：
①有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both, various, numerous等词修饰时用名词复数形式。
②名词前有one of时用名词复数形式。
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应填名词复数形式。
4.名词转换成形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词，则一般考查名词变形容词。
注意名词变形容词的后缀
①n.＋-able→adj. honor→honorable
②n.＋-al→adj. nature→natural
③n.＋-ful→adj. colour→colourful
④n.＋-en→adj. wood→wooden
⑤n.＋-y→adj. wealth→wealthy
5.名词转换成动词
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。熟记名词变动词的前缀/后缀
①加前缀en-： courage→encourage vt.鼓励
danger → endanger vt. 危及；使遭到危险
②加后缀-en: strength→strengthen vt.加强
③加后缀-ize: apology →apologize v．道歉
6.填名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。
①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，形式为-s'或-es'。
7.形容词、副词添加词缀变反义词
根据句意和前后逻辑关系， 确定句意表否定时，添加否定前缀(un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less)变为反义词。
8.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, than等标志性词汇时用比较级。
②设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时用最高级。
③设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比较级 ...the＋比较级 ...”表示“越……就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较级或最高级，也需要用比较级或最高级。
9.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；
1．作主语：人称代词主格(I, we, you, he等)
2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me, us, him, them, it等)、名词性物主代词(ours, mine, yours, its等)
3．作定语：形容词性物主代词(our, my, your, their等)
4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词(myself, yourself, itself等)
5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
6．that，those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。
_____
练
优选真题演
【2022年新高考全国I卷】
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). ___56___
(cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national
parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___
(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect
the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological
diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets( 资 产 )for futuregenerations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of
giant pandas, and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals
in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the
species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the
area.
【2022年新高考全国II卷】
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor
apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to
catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say
he'll be OK.
___37___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown
was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and
climbed up ___39___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
He hung on for a few minutes ___41___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
_____
测
名校好题必
湖南省岳阳地区2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性考试
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After three days in Hangzhou, we ____36____ (wind) our way up a road that looked like a black snake along the
tight curves around Mo Gan Mountain. The trees and bushes waved in the mild breezes ____37____, before the
founding of the People’s Republic of China, made Mo Can Mountain a favorite place often ____38____ (visit) bywealthy foreign colonialists ____39____ (seek) a short escape from the heated plains below.
Giant bamboo blanketed the mountains so ____40____ (thick) that they resembled green feathers, waving in the
wind. ____41____ when the road led us beneath the ____42____ (tower) bamboo they became great cathedrals — an
endless living tunnel opening into an almost unusual light.
As we inched around curves, the bamboo cover sometimes gave way ____43____ a magnificent view of Swiss-
looking villages, their wooden shingled (盖木瓦的) homes with carved wooden balconies nestled in alpine valleys far
below. I ____44____ (spend) a summer on MoGan Fountain happily but we were already behind schedule, and after too
brief ____45____ stay we pushed on to the Great Ditch.
山东省青岛第二中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试
Human-wildlife conflict, ____36____(refer) to direct interactions between humans and wildlife with negative
outcomes, ____37____(cost) the global economy billions of dollars annually. ____38____(make) matters worse , it
threats human lives and causes many species to die out. These conflicts ____39____(large) result from humans and
wildlife seeking limited resources in the same landscapes and often have many unexpected consequences. Serious
climate events can also bring about rapid changes in resource availability, ____40____may drive strong responses in
animals and people. The ____41____ (compete) between the two grows tougher as a consequence. Droughts ____42____
particular have caused some of the most visible conflicts. Despite the gravity of these conflicts, climate change is
making human-wildlife conflict even ____43____(serious). With people and wildlife sharing crowded spaces and
limited resources, human-wildlife conflict is rising in frequency. Many people, ____44____, still haven’t really realized
how complex and severe the problem is. Therefore, to protect wildlife and humans alike, it is vital ____45____ a wide
range of research and institutions should consider the role of a changing climate in shaping the complex dynamics of
conflict.
湖北十堰市联合体2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中联考英语试题
Shennongjia is one of the most popular scenic spots in China. It is said to be the place___36___the Emperor Yan
once lived. Some visitors hope that they may even encounter the legendary “wild man”. They do not actually see any
wild man,___37___they’re attracted by Shennongjia’s natural wonders and rich biodiversity. Shennongjia’s
beauty___38___ (vary) from season to season. Tourists can enjoy flower blossoms in spring, be shaded___39___the
summer heat, appreciate red leaves in autumn and go skiing in winter.
Official data showed that tourist___40___(visit) to Shennongjia Forestry District reached more than 15.5 millionlast year. And the forest area aims___41___(increase) that annual figure to over 30 million in the near future. The
journey to Shennongjia will take up to five hours from nearby Yichang and Shiyan City.It___42___(estimate) that
Shennongjia will be linked to a___43___(new) built high-speed railway, making the mountainous region more
accessible.
From Nov.1 to Dec.31, tourists can buy a___44___(discount) ticket of the six major scenic areas in Shennongjia for
99 yuan, about 40 percent of____45____original price.
