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►专题 03 语法填空难点易错点分析梳理
讲
考点难点精
易错点1 词法·变形记不清，拼写出错
高考语法填空中词汇的变形是必考点，然而很多考生对不规则动词变形和各种词频转换记不清，极易失分，我
们可用以下几种方法破解：
1.在变形中找规律
（1）规则动词的过去式和过去分词通常是在动词后加-ed；对于不规则动词的过苦式和过去分词的变形，可
找规律分类记忆，如 AAA 型（hit→hit，hit）、ABB 型（dig——dug，dug）、ABC 型（begin→began，
begun）等。
（2）对于词形转换，要借助前缀和后缀巧记忆。如”名词＋ ~able/~ible”→形容词”形容词+-y/+ty/-cy/-ity”→
名词、“en-+形容词/名词”→动词等。
2.在规律中找例外
在变形的时候，除了要发现规律外，还要注意一些例外，例如在"动词＋ -able"→形容词中，有些动词需
要去 e再加-able（achieve→achievable）。
3.巧编口诀助记忆
有时候，具有同样变形规律的单词比较多，考生容易遗漏，可以试着编一些口诀，方便记忆。例如名词变
形容词时，hunger→hungry和anger→angry就可用"饥饿和生气，加-先去e"帮助记忆。阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【例题讲解】：
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China speed is amazing the world. While other countries are struggling to make high-sped railway a 1
(real),CHINA RAILWAY has been busying itself in laying down over 25,000 km of high-speed tracks over the past ten
years——accounting for roughly two 2 (three)of the world’s total length of high-speed rail lines.
Up to now,China 3 (build)the largest high-speed rail network worldwide. The impact goes well beyond the
railway sector. It also includes changed patterns of urban development,increases in tourism,and the growth of regional
economy. To boost regional integration and economic growth，plans for high-speed maglev（磁悬浮）lines with
trains4 (travel)at a speed of 600 kph or more are taking shape in more Chinese cities.
China started operating 5 (it)first maglev railway more than a decade a 6 ,for lack of critical technologies
at that time,we only concentrated on conventional high-speed rail," said Sun Zhang, 7 is a leading railway
specialist. But the research
team,____8____(lead)by him,tried their best to learn advanced technologies from foreign countries and eventually
developed our own innovations.
There is no denying that all of these achievements make our travel convenient and 9 (rely),especially during
Chunyun, 10 annual test on the transportation system of China. Thanks to " China speed", people can go back
home for reunions with families and friends in time.
易错点2 词法·不清楚非谓语三种形式的区别而错填
根据句子结构判断应该用非谓语动词之后，要考虑以下因素来确定非谓语动词的具体形式：
1. 判断非谓语动词在句中充当的成分。
2.找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
当非谓语动词在句中作状语→句子的主语一般为非谓语动词的逻辑主语
当非谓语动词在句中作定语→它所修饰的名词或代词一般为非谓语动词的逻辑主语
当非谓语动词在句中作宾语补足语→宾语一般为非谓语动词的逻辑主语
3.判断主谓或动宾关系。
构成非谓语的动词与非谓语动词的逻辑主语之间为
（1）主谓关系→一般为表主动意义的现在分词或动词不定式
（2）动宾关系→—般为表被动意义的过去分词
4.意义上：
表示目的→用动词不定式表示顺其自然的结果→用现在分词
表示出乎意料的结果→用动词不定式
确定非谓语动词的意义和在句中所作成分是解题的基础，而找准非谓语动词的逻辑主语，弄清楚构成非谓语的
动词与非谓语动词的逻辑主语之间的关系是解决此类问题的关键。
【例题讲解】：
阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn't long for a favorite Chinese dish?
But there is one interesting concept___1___(concern) Chinese food which is almost unheard-of in the West and is
becoming 2 (increasing)neglected the youth of the East —the ancient custom of eating tonic（滋补的）food.
3 is known to us,tonic food is the food that is consumed to improve one's well- being or avoid sickness. For
instance,it was once a custom for new mothers 4 (eat)flaxseed oil（胡麻油）in the first month after giving
birth. It was a general 5 (believe)that flaxseed oil would benefit the muscles, relieve pain, improve circulation,
simulate sweating,and warm the body. Some foods are seen as " hot",while___6 (other) are seen as " cold". One should
be careful not to eat too much of either " hot" or "cold" food. However, how much " hot" or "cold”food one should eat
depends on the time of the year,how the food is prepared and 7______ it is prepared with,and the individual's health.
The custom of eating tonic food also 8 (influence)the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines，such as
Chinese wolfberries（构杞子），can be found in many 9 restaurant,either added to fruit tea or as a very 10
(benefit) addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick-
me-up （提神的东西）.
易错点3 词法·忽视标志词的作用而错填
对于语法填空，考生有时可以利用上下文中出现的标志性词语解题。
1. 对于形容词和副词的比较等级，应注意的标志性词语有：
（1）同级比较：as...as，mot so...as等；
（2）比较级：than，比较级的常见修饰语much，even，far，a little，a bit等；
（3）最高级："序数词＋最高级＋n."，介词of，in，among...引出比较范围。
2. 对于谓语动词数的判断，掌握语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三大原则，尤其是其中的特殊标志词。
3. 对于名词数的判断则主要从名词前面的修饰语来判断，如果名词作主语的话，谓语动词的单复数也是
判断名词单复数的依据。
【例题讲解】Every insect has its own way of finding ____1 unique kind of food. So do bees though they seem to fly aimlessly
when searching for the _ 2 （sugar） liquid called nectar（花蜜）.Flowers act as the insects'air-traffic
controllers and give bees clues to how much a plant can offer. Those clues can be the color， the type and the smell of
petals（花瓣）， all of which tell bees whether 3 (land) or not. Among them the color plays the most
significant role. The insects keep track of the color of the flowers that are__ 4 (extreme) rich in nectar.
However,color can't guarantee bees a good meal as it may change according to the angle of sunlight 5
(hit)petals.A yellow flower,for example,may look somewhat blue from one angle and red from another.
Beverley Glover,a biologist at the University of Cambridge in the UK,together with her colleagues, ___6__(study) the
effect ofthe color of petals on the flight of bees for many years，guessing that the 7 （strong） of petals'
iridescence（色彩斑斓）might 8 (relate)to how bees find the petals. Gloverand her colleagues tested their
assumption in the lab. 9 their surprise,they found that bees felt confused sometimes when the petals were
very iridescent 10 bees had no problem finding the flowers with more nectar when the petals were not very
iridescent.
易错点4 词法·固定思维模式影响而错填
介词后都接名词吗？
1.After _____________(graduate), he found a job.
2.After______________ (graduate)from the university, he found a job.
for sb.后都要接to do吗？
1.It is important for people________(learn) team spirit.
2.Abercrombie&Kent，a travel company in HongKong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people
______ (live) in Shanghai and HongKong.
-ed形式都在句中作谓语吗？
1.Many of the fires_________(send)smoke high into the atmosphere in January,2020.
2.The drone,__________(equip)with a special camera and a loudspeaker,can detect people with fever at a certain
distance.
情态动词后一定接动原吗？
1.We must do all that we can _________ (protect) the plants because plants are very important for living things.
2.We should do what we can _________(help)the homeless people.
表情感adj.修饰人用-ed,修饰物一定用-ing吗
1.I am satisfied with your____________(satisfy)performance.
2.We are delighted at the _______________(delight)song whose name is “My Country and I”._____
练
好题优选演
调研1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The United Nations World Tourism Organization(UNWTO) 1 (announce) on Jan. 25 that Chinese is now one of
its official languages.
The UN agency is the world's 2 (influence) intergovernmental international tourism organization. The
organization, 3 (base) in Madrid,Spain,works on promoting responsible,sustainable and 4 (global)
accessible tourism.
China joined the UNWTO in 1983 and proposed that Chinese be included5 one of the body's official languages in
November 2007. The UNWTO now has six official languages:Chinese,English,Spanish,French,Arabic 6 Russian.
According to China's Ministry of Culture and Tourism, this helps China play a(n)7 (active) role in global tourism
affairs than ever and share China's tourism development experience and 8 (opportunity).
Gong Jian, deputy dean at the Wuhan Branch of the China Tourism Academy, told China Daily that it is Chinese's
9 (become) an official UNWTO language 10 will help China's tourism industry grow.
|【调研2】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
调研3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China's long-awaited Chengdu Tianfu International Airport has officially begun operations, offering travelers 1
new gateway to the home of giant pandas. Chengdu is now the third city in the country 2 (have) two international
airports.
Phase one of the massive aviation hub（航空枢纽）has the capacity to handle up to 60 million passengers per year,
3 (far) opening up the southwest region of the country. Three runways and two terminals, 4 cover an area of
710,000 square meters,are 5 operation. The airport is reported to 6 (eventual)house terminals capable
of handling 120 million passengers annually.
Phase one features a wide variety of cutting-edge technologies,including facial 7 (recognize)software,smart
security systems and self-boarding gates. It only 8 (take)37 to 44 minutes from the city center to the airport by
metro.
Chengdu Tianfu International Airport is just one of many airports China plans to open in the 9 (come)years.
The country aims to have 400 airports in use by 2035,according to guidelines on developing comprehensive transport
network 10 (issue) in early 2021.
调研3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The game of basketball was created by Dr. Naismith, 1 physical education instructor who worked at the
Springfield College.
The New England winters were very cold, and the students were unwilling to do outdoor 2 (activity). Naismith
considered that a fast-moving game 3 could be played indoor would fill the empty afternoons after the baseball
and football seasons ended. First he tried to change outdoor games such assoccer to indoor play,but he soon found them
4 (suitable)for small areas. 5 December of 1891,Naismith hung two old peach baskets at either end of the
gym at the school,and,with a soccer ball and nine players on each side, 6 (organize) the first basketball game.
The early rules banned7 (run)with the ball.
Several years later,a championship 8 (hold)in New York City. By that time, the team had been reduced to
seven players, and then five became standard.
9 basketball first appeared in the 1904 Olympic Games,it quickly spread
throughout the world. In 1906,a metal ring was used 10 (replace)the basket,but the name basketball has remained.
_____
测
名校真题必
广东省深圳市福田区红岭中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第二次统一考试英语试题
Two men were walking on a path in the mountain ____36____ it cracked below their feet, leaving them
____37____ (stick) at the top of what remained.
When the rescue party arrived on the scene, one man ____38____ (seat) at the top of the steep slope while the other
was lying down on the rocky ground below, holding onto his friend’s leg. ____39____ the time rescuers arrived, he had
been holding on to his friend for 45 minutes.
The helicopter, ____40____ came to their rescue, flew about 100 feet above the two men ____41____ (avoid)
removing any of the ground. The two were not only on unstable ground, but one of them was holding the other.
Therefore, the rescue work was very difficult. The rescue workers had to be extremely careful as the conditions
underfoot were just too ____42____ (predict).
One of the rescue workers went down on the wire from the helicopter and managed to quickly secure a rope
around the ____43____ (low) of the two men, before lifting him to the aircraft. The same procedure was repeated for his
walking partner.
The two walkers raised ____44____ alarm at 11:05 a.m. on Sunday and were rescued within one hour or so.
Neither of them was injured but they were left “very shaken” by the experience. Both walkers were said to beexperienced and well _____45_____ (equip).
湖北省高中名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题
In central China, there is a mysterious forests region. According to Chinese mythology (神话), Shennong, one of
the ancestors of the Chinese nation, also known as Yandi, once tested a variety of herbs himself ____56____ (find) the
right one that would save the sick. Another widely circulated tale around the place is that wild men were once spotted.
Legend has it ____57____ during Shennong’s journey, he came across a steep mountain covered with dense forests.
He built a wooden ladder, and climbed up the mountain, ____58____ (discover) 400 kinds of medicinal herbs. In
memory of his contribution to the health of society, the mountain was named Shennongjia, which____59____ (literal)
means “Shennong ladder.”
Shennongjia ____60____ (locate) in the northwestern part of Hubei Province, bordering the Yangtze River in the
south and facing the Wudang Mountains in the north. It is a place ____61____ the Daba Mountain Range and the
Qinling Mountains meet. It spans ____62____ area of around 3,250 square kilometers, with the highest peak, the
Shennong Peak, reaching 3,106.2 meters in height, and the lowest point, the Shizhu River Valley, only 398 meters
____63____ sea level.
One of the first things many people learn about Shennongjia ____64____ (be) the tale of the wild man, but after
visiting the area, they find that the pristine (原始状态的) natural landscape and biological_____65_____ (diverse) in that
area add more mysteries to this region.
2022-2023学年湖南省长郡中学高三上期中考试
Those who haven’t been to the Mu Us may not have an opportunity to do so. The desert is disappearing
from____36____ map as it has been turned into an oasis(绿洲)!
The Mu Us ____37____ (stretch) over 42,200 square km between Shaan Xi and inner Mongolia Autonomous
Region, lying north of the Great Wall. In Mongolian, “Mu Us” means barren land ____38____ nothing can grow.
However, the area was no desert in ancient times. It used to be grazing land ____39____ (sufficient) supplying
grass and water for sheep and cattle. Since the Tang Dynasty, it began to degrade because of excessive farming and
overgrazing and ____40____ (year) of war.
In modern times, the Mu Us, the fourth ____41____ (large) desert in China, began to move southward and passed
the Great Wall, ____42____ (attack) Yulin (Shaan Xi province). Local pastures(牧场) faced serious desertification,
salinization and degradation, and the villagers had to move as the desert advanced. By the time People’s Republic ofChina ____43____ (found), Yulin had only 0.9 percent of forest cover. It became an urgent task ____44____ (block) the
sands.
Thanks to greening, the desert is poised to disappear. The feat(丰绩) wouldn’t have been achieved ____45____
national anti-desertification policies and the efforts of generations of eco-warriors.
山东省名校联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期诊断性测试英语试题
China is much more concerned about livelihood projects. Another project of ____36____(channel) water from
China’s Yangtze River to the Hanjiang River ____37____ (begin) construction in June this year. With a total
____38____ (invest) of 59.8 billion yuan, the project is a supplement to the middle route of the country’s South-to-North
Water Diversion Project.
The new project is expected ____39____ (enhance) the water allocation (分配) capacity of the Hanjiang River
Basin to ____40____ (far) ensure water supply to the dry north. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project transfers
water from China’s water-rich south ____41____ the dry north through the middle, eastern and western routes. The
middle route, the most prominent one due to ____42____ (it) role in feeding water to the nation’s capital, begins at the
Danjiangkou eservoir in the Hanjiang River in central province of Hubei and runs northeastward to Beijing and Tianjin.
It started supplying water in December 2014.
China has stepped up the water project construction. 10,644 new water projects ____43____ (value) at 414.4 billion
yuan started construction in ____44____ first five months of the year. The money _____45_____ is invested in the
country’s water project construction will be over 800 billion yuan this year, according to the official data.
