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专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习

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专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习
专题08:完形填空说明文文应试策略(三)(解析版)-2023年高考英语二轮复习讲练测(新高考专用)_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习

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►专题 08 完形填空说明文应对策略 讲 考点难点精 【题型特点】 说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明,通常结构严谨,句子结构复杂,因此也是高考完形填 空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为: 1. 开头点题 在说明文类的完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象,这是掌握说明细节的前提。 2.结构清晰 说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序,对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系,选择正确 答案具有重要意义。 3.难度较大 说明文往往采用比较正式的文体,表述准确严谨,生词术语较多,句子较长,结构较为复杂。 4.遣词用字简练 说明文一般采用简练的语言,按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运 动变化、发展的过程及其规律。 5.条理清晰 说明文十分讲究条理性,一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。 【应试策略】 1. 快速弄清文章大意 对于此类文章我们结合选择项,进行粗读或略读,对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词 较多,而题材又比较广泛,所以阅读时,首先要能够掌握文章的大意。 2. 弄清楚说明的顺序 把握了说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加强对整篇文章的理解。 3. 把握文章的组织结构,理清事实细节 把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比 较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时,我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾,从主题句着手,找出支持句,然后寻找文章的结论。这时,我们还要特别注意,不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑,我们在理解细节的基础 上,还要斟酌文字的内涵意义,从而对文章进行深层次的理解。 4. 注重上下文语境 应逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项,对特定的语境作深入的理解,克服"思维定势",根据全文大意和词不 离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。 5. 熟练做题方法,遵循四个原则: (1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发,从大处着手,避免孤立地分析每一空格,造成误选。 (2)语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。 (3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中,逻辑推理非常重要,有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确,但是有的是不 合语境逻辑的。 (4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多,需要熟练掌握,才能做好此类题目。 _____ 练 优选真题演 【2023·湖南省雅礼十六校第一次联考】 It is commonly believed that the great English____21____and poet William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on- Avon on April 23, 1564. But it is impossible to know the____22____day on which he was born. Church records show he was baptized (施洗礼) on April 26, and three days was a(an)____23____amount of time to wait before baptizing a newly born baby. Shakespeare’s date of death is ____24____ known, however: it was April 23, 1616. He was 52 and had retired to Stratford three years before. Although few plays have been performed or analyzed as____25____as the 38 plays Shakespeare wrote, there are few surviving____26____about his life. This ____27____ of biographical information is due primarily to his social ____28____; he was not a ____29____, but the son of a leather trader. Shakespeare _____30_____ attended the grammar school in Stratford, where he would have studied Latin and read _____31_____ literature. He did not go to university and at age 18 married Anne Hathaway, who was eight years his _____32_____. They had four children, including the twins, Hamnet and Judith. Nothing is known of the period between the birth of the twins and Shakespeare’s _____33_____ as a dramatist in London in the early 1590s. In a million words written over 20 years, he _____34_____ the full range of human emotions and conflicts with a _____35_____ that remains sharp today. As his great contemporary the poet and dramatist Ben Jonson said, "He was not of an age, but for all time."24221.A.writer B.artist C.dramatist D.actor 22.A.real B.exact C.certain D.right 23.A.customary B.fixed C.traditional D.permanent 24.A.conclusively B.finally C.actually D.rarely 25.A.vividly B.extensively C.dramatically D.intensively 26.A.facts B.proves C.hints D.details 27.A.bareness B.scarcity C.amount D.abundance 28.A.rank B.wealth C.evaluation D.reputation 29.A.lord B.businessman C.celebrity D.noble 30.A.indeed B.probably C.surely D.truly 31.A.classical B.comedic C.tragic D.ancient 32.A.wife B.junior C.senior D.sister 33.A.ambition B.development C.shift D.emergence 34.A.captured B.possessed C.gripped D.clenched 35.A.level B.pen C.precision D.method 【答案】21.C 22.B 23.A 24.A 25.B 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.D 30.B 31.A 32.C 33.D 34.A 35.C 【解析】 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了威廉·莎士比亚的生平和伟大成就。 21.C人们普遍认为,伟大的英国剧作家和诗人威廉·莎士比亚于1564年4月23日出生在埃文河畔的斯特拉特 福德。A. writer作家;B. artist艺术家;C. dramatist剧作家;D. actor演员。由第13空后的“as a dramatist”可知, 威廉·莎士比亚是一位剧作家,故选C。 22.B但是不可能知道他确切的出生日期。A. real真正的;B. exact确切的;C. certain一定的;D. right正确的。 由后文“Church records show he was baptized (施洗礼)on April 26, and three days was a(an)____ ____amount of time to wait before baptizing a newly born baby”可知,不可能知道他确切的出生日期。故选B。 23.A 教堂记录显示,他在4月26日接受洗礼,按照惯例,给新生婴儿洗礼前需要等待三天。A. customary依 惯例的;B. fixed固定的;C. traditional传统的;D. permanent永久的。由后文“amount of time to wait before baptizing a newly born baby”可知,按照惯例,给新生婴儿洗礼前需要等待三天。故选A。 24.A然而,莎士比亚的死亡日期是确定的:1616年4月23日。A. conclusively确定地;B. finally最后;C. actually事实上;D. rarely罕见地。由后文“it was April 23, 1616”可知,莎士比亚的死亡日期是确定的,故选 A。25.B尽管很少有戏剧像莎士比亚所写的38部戏剧那样被广泛地表演或分析,但关于他的生活的细节却很少 被保存下来。A. vividly生动地;B. extensively广泛地;C. dramatically剧烈地;D. intensively强烈地。由后文 “as the 38 plays Shakespeare wrote”可知,尽管很少有戏剧像莎士比亚所写的38部戏剧那样被广泛地表演或分 析,空格处是“广泛地”,故选B。 26.D 尽管很少有戏剧像莎士比亚所写的38部戏剧那样被广泛地表演或分析,但关于他的生活的细节却很少 被保存下来。A. facts事实;B. proves证明;C. hints暗示;D. details细节。由上文的“Although”和后文的 “about his life”可知,句子表示“尽管很少有戏剧像莎士比亚所写的 38部戏剧那样被广泛地表演或分析,但 关于他的生活的细节却很少被保存下来”,空格处是“细节”,故选D。 27.B这种传记信息的缺乏主要是由于他的社会地位。A. bareness赤裸;B. scarcity不足,缺乏;C. amount数 量;D. abundance丰富。由上文的“there are few surviving________about his life”可知,此处是说“这种传记信 息的缺乏”,故选B。 28.A这种传记信息的缺乏主要是由于他的社会地位。A. rank地位,等级;B. wealth财富;C. evaluation评价; D. reputation名声。由后文“he was not a ________, but the son of a leather trader”可知,此处是说“这种传记信 息的缺乏主要是由于他的社会地位”,故选A。 29.D他不是贵族,而是一个皮革商人的儿子。A. lord主,上帝;B. businessman商人;C. celebrity名人;D. noble贵族。由后文的“but the son of a leather trader”可知,他不是贵族,而是一个皮革商人的儿子,故选D。 30.B莎士比亚可能曾就读于斯特拉特福德的文法学校,在那里他会学习拉丁语,阅读古典文学。A. indeed的 确;B. probably可能;C. surely肯定;D. truly真正地。由后文“attended the grammar school in Stratford”和上文 的“there are few surviving________about his life”可知,此处是一种推测,空格处是“可能”,故选B。 31.A莎士比亚可能曾就读于斯特拉特福德的文法学校,在那里他会学习拉丁语,阅读古典文学。A. classical 古典的;B. comedic喜剧的;C. tragic悲剧的;D. ancient古代的。由后文“literature”可知,此处是说他阅读古 典文学。故选A。 32.C他没有上过大学,18岁时娶了比他大8岁的安妮·海瑟薇。A. wife妻子;B. junior较年幼者;C. senior较 年长的人;D. sister姐妹。由上文“Anne Hathaway, who was eight years”和常识可知,他18岁时娶了比他大8 岁的安妮·海瑟薇,空格处是“较年长的人”,故选C。 33.D从这对双胞胎出生到16世纪90年代早期莎士比亚在伦敦成为戏剧家这段时间,人们一无所知。A. ambition雄心;B. development发展;C. shift转变;D. emergence出现,显现。由“as a dramatist in London in the early 1590s”可知,莎士比亚在伦敦成为戏剧家,空格处意为“出现”,故选D。 34.A 在20多年的时间里,他用100万字的文字记录下了人类所有的情感和冲突,其精准程度在今天依然敏 锐。A. captured记录;B. possessed拥有;C. gripped握紧;D. clenched攥紧。由上文“In a million words writtenover 20 years”和后文“the full range of human emotions and conflicts”可知,他用100万字的文字记录下了人类所 有的情感和冲突,故选A。 35.C在20多年的时间里,他用100万字的文字记录下了人类所有的情感和冲突,其精准程度在今天依然敏 锐。A. level水平;B. pen钢笔;C. precision精确(性);D. method方法。由上文“In a million words written over 20 years, he ________ the full range of human emotions and conflicts”和后文“remains sharp”可知,句子表示 “他用100万字的文字记录下了人类所有的情感和冲突,其精准程度在今天依然敏锐”,故选C。 【2022年浙江省二模】 阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 China’s cultural relic protection has made progress, but many problems still exist and need to be solved. China has made over 30 ____31____ based on the law of cultural relic protection. China has also ____32____ four international agreements concerning cultural relic protection and investment in cultural relic protection has also ____33____. Statistics show that from 2000 to 2005 when China carried out its 10th FiveYear Development Plan, total investment in the field ____34____ 7.889 billion yuan. With financial support from government, China also started a nationwide campaign to search and ____35____ cultural relics in 2003. China has so far included a total of 2,351 cultural relic sites and 518 intangible (无形的) cultural relics on the ____36____ of national protected items. Recovery and protection have been ____37____ on important cultural relic sites such as the Potala Palace in Tibet and the Palace Museum in Beijing. Chinese museums have developed well in recent years. China has more than 2,300 museums that ____38____ about 150 million people annually. However, cultural relics in China now face great ____39____. Many historic cities have been ____40____. Illegal trade and smuggling (走私) activities have not been forbidden, which has led to the loss of national treasures overseas. ____41____, many important cultural relic sites have disappeared or are hard to pass on because of too much exploration and improper use. And cultural relics ____42____ by minority ethnic groups have lost their character due to the ____43____ lifestyle of the people. Therefore, we should keep our mind clear and take ____44____ to better protect cultural relics, and ____45____ the whole society to take part in this cause.270 31.A.reforms B.principles C.agendas D.rules 32.A.formed B.organized C.joined D.banned33.A.improved B.increased C.promoted D.dismissed 34.A.arrived B.expected C.reached D.jumped 35.A.protect B.bless C.collapse D.reserve 36.A.list B.record C.file D.case 37.A.carried out B.laid out C.brought out D.put out 38.A.submit B.attract C.acknowledge D.satisfy 39.A.chances B.opportunities C.pressures D.challenges 40.A.missed B.disappeared C.lost D.destroyed 41.A.In summary B.What’s worse C.However D.Therefore 42.A.collected B.bought C.held D.discovered 43.A.occupied B.harmonious C.changing D.widening 44.A.notice B.turns C.advantage D.measures 45.A.encourage B.consult C.command D.assign 【答案】 31.D 32.C 33.B 34.C 35.A 36.A 37.A 38.B 39.D 40.D 41.B 42.C 43.C 44.D 45.A 【解析】 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。中国的文物保护工作取得了一定的进展,但仍存在许多问题需要解决。文章 主要介绍了中国对文物保护所付出的一些努力以及现在仍然面临的一些挑战。 31.D中国根据《文物保护法》制定了30多条条例。A. reforms改革;B. principles原则;C. agendas议程;D. rules条例,规则。根据后文“based on the law of cultural relic protection”可知根据《文物保护法》制定了30多 条条例。故选D。 32.C中国还加入了四个有关文物保护的国际协定,文物保护投资也增加了。A. formed构成;B. organized组 织;C. joined加入;D. banned禁止。结合后文“four international agreements concerning cultural relic protection” 可知中国加入了四个有关文物保护的国际协定。故选C。 33.B中国还加入了四个有关文物保护的国际协定,文物保护投资也增加了。A. improved改善;B. increased 增加;C. promoted促进;D. dismissed开除。由后文的“7.889 billion yuan”可知,中国在文物保护领域的投资 增加。故选B。 34.C据统计,从2000年到2005年中国第十个五年发展规划,该领域的总投资达到78.89亿元。A. arrived到 达(某地);B. expected期待;C. reached达到;D. jumped跳跃。根据后文“7.889 billion yuan”可知,此处指 达到多少钱,应用reach。故选C。 35.A在政府的财政支持下,中国还于2003年启动了一项全国性的文物搜寻和保护运动。A. protect保护;B.bless保佑;C. collapse倒塌;D. reserve预定。根据第二段的“cultural relic protection”可知国家启动了文物保护 运动。故选A。 36.A截至目前,中国已将2351处文物古迹和518处非物质文化遗产列入国家重点保护目录。A. list目录,清 单;B. record记录;C. file文件;D. case情况。根据后文“of national protected items”可知指列入国家重点保护 目录。故选A。 37.A对西藏布达拉宫、北京故宫博物院等重要文物古迹进行了恢复和保护。A. carried out实行;B. laid out摆 出;C. brought out使显示;D. put out扑灭。由上文的“Recovery and protection”和后文的“on important cultural relic sites”可知,是对西藏布达拉宫、北京故宫博物院等重要文物古迹实行了恢复和保护,空格处是“实行”, 故选A。 38.B中国有2300多个博物馆,每年吸引约1.5亿人参观。A. submit提交;B. attract吸引;C. acknowledge承 认;D. satisfy满足。根据后文“about 150 million people annually”可知指吸引1.5亿人来参观。故选B。 39.D然而,中国的文物现在面临着巨大的挑战。A. chances机会;B. opportunities机遇;C. pressures压力; D. challenges挑战。根据后文“Illegal trade and smuggling activities have not been forbidden”可知本段主要是在说 明文物面临的挑战(如非法贸易和走私等)。故选D。 40.D许多历史名城被毁。A. missed错过;B. disappeared消失;C. lost失去;D. destroyed破坏。本段主要是 在说明文物面临的挑战,可知此处是指历史名城遭到毁坏的情况。故选D。 41.B更糟糕的是,因为过分勘探和利用不当,许多重要的文物古迹已经消失或难以传承。A. In summary总 之;B. What’s worse更糟糕的是;C. However然而;D. Therefore因此。结合后文“many important cultural relic sites have disappeared”可知此处指比前面提到的非法贸易和走私更遭的情况,空格处是“更糟糕的是”,故选 B。 42.C少数民族拥有的文化遗产也因为人们生活方式的改变而失去了它们的特性。A. collected收集;B. bought 购买;C. held拥有;D. discovered发现。根据前后文语境“cultural relics___12__by minority ethnic groups”可知 指少数民族拥有的文化遗产,应用hold。故选C。 43.C少数民族拥有的文化遗产也因为人们生活方式的改变而失去了它们的特性。A. occupied忙于……的;B. harmonious和谐的;C. changing变化中的;D. widening不断扩大的。由上文的“have lost their character”和后 文的“lifestyle of the people”可知,少数民族拥有的文化遗产也因为人们生活方式的改变而失去了它们的特性, 空格处是“变化中的”,故选C。 44.D因此,我们应该保持清醒的头脑,采取措施更好地保护文物,并鼓励全社会参与到这项事业中来。A. notice通知;B. turns拐弯;C. advantage优点;D. measures措施。根据后文“to better protect cultural relics”可 知指采取保护文化的措施。take measures to do“采取措施……”。故选D。45.A因此,我们应该保持清醒的头脑,采取措施更好地保护文物,并鼓励全社会参与到这项事业中来。A. encourage鼓励;B. consult咨询;C. command命令;D. assign布置。结合后文“whole society to take part in this cause”可知不仅要采取措施,还要鼓励全社会的参与。故选A。 _____ 测 名校好题必 【湖北十堰市联合体2022-2023学年高三上学期11月期中联考英语试题】 I am very lucky because I enjoy my work very much. I’m a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live. I ____21____six aerobics(有氧运动) classes a week and also tell my students about ____22____ and nutrition. As they say, “You are what you ____23____ .” To be honest, I worry about the ____24____ that many people have today. So many people are overweight. Because they eat the ____25____ foods and they don’t do any exercise. When you work in an office all day, I know it is difficult to find ____26____ to keep fit, but you only need to do 20 minutes a day! It’s also very important to have a ____27____ diet, starting with breakfast in the morning. It’s not a good idea to ____28____ breakfast although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee. Eat as much ____29____ food as possible — lots of fruit and vegetables — and ____30____ not to eat too much fried food. One ____31____ why a lot of people feel less than 100% fit is that they don’t drink enough water. You need to drink two liters(升) a day — and water ____32____ water, not tea, coffee or sugary drinks. Keeping fit is fun. However, a lot of people think it’s boring to go jogging or cycling. They just want to ____33____ their food. Well, of course, it’s fine to have cakes and ice cream, but not every day! I would say we like what our bodies ____34____ and if you eat more healthy food, over time, you might find yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else. Try it, I think you’ll be ____35____! 21. A. design B. teach C. share D. choose 22. A. taste B. cooking C. health D. wealth 23. A. eat B. wear C. speak D. think 24. A. idea B. habit C. diet D. goal 25. A. cheap B. proper C. delicious D. wrong 26. A. space B. money C. time D. courage 27. A. special B. poor C. simple D. balanced28. A. make B. miss C. get D. order 29. A. fresh B. dried C. fast D. expensive 30. A. promise B. beg C. decide D. try 31. A. reason B. excuse C. result D. opinion 32. A. means B. includes C. needs D. produces 33. A. enjoy B. show C. prepare D. research 34. A. settle down to B. are buried in C. are made of D. are used to 35. A. moved B. surprised C. troubled D. worried 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作为健身教练,作者建议人们均衡饮食,多吃新鲜健康的食物,每天都要锻炼, 这样才能保持健康。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:我每周教六节有氧运动课,也给学生讲解健康和营养方面的知识。A. design设计; B. teach教;C. share分享;D. choose选择。根据前一句“I’m a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live.(我是 我家附近一家健身房的健身教练)”可知,作者在健身房里当健身教练。由此可知,作者应是每周教六节有氧运 动课。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. taste味道;B. cooking烹饪;C. health健康;D. wealth财富。根据常识及语 境可知,作者作为健身教练,应是告诉他的学生关于健康和营养的知识。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:正如他们所说,“你吃什么就像什么。”A. eat吃;B. wear穿着,戴着;C. speak 说话;D. think故思考,认为。根据下文“Because they eat the ________ foods and they don’t do any exercise.”可 知,本文主要讲述的是关于饮食的问题,故此处表达的是,人们普遍认为:你吃什么,你就是什么样。故选 A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:说实话,我担心现在很多人的饮食。A. idea主意,想法;B. habit习惯;C. diet饮 食;D. goal目标。根据下文“Because they eat the ________ foods and they don’t do any exercise.”可知,人们饮 食不当,缺乏锻炼,从而导致发胖。由此可知,此处表达的是,作者担心很多人的饮食。故选C。 【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因为他们吃错误的食物,他们不做任何锻炼。A. cheap便宜的;B. proper合适 的;C. delicious美味的;D. wrong错误的。根据上文的“So many people are overweight.(很多人超重)”可知,人 们饮食不当并且不锻炼是超重的原因。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:当你整天在办公室工作时,我知道很难找到时间来保持健康,但你每天只需要做 20分钟!A. space空间;B. money钱;C. time时间;D. courage勇气。据空前的“When you work in an office all day”及空后的“you only need to do 20 minutes a day”可知,作者认为人们一天需要锻炼20分钟,由此可知, 这里是说如果你在办公室工作一整天,那么,你很难找到时间(健身来)保持健康。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:均衡的饮食也很重要,从早上的早餐开始。A. special特殊的;B. poor贫穷的, 差的;C. simple简单的;D. balanced平衡的。由下文的“starting with breakfast in the morning”和“Eat as much ________ food as possible — lots of fruit and vegetables”可知,要吃早餐,吃很多水果和蔬菜,所以此处表达的 是均衡的饮食也是很重要的。故选D。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:不吃早餐不是个好主意,虽然我们很多人只喝一杯茶或咖啡。A. make制作;B. miss错过;C. get得到,到达;D. order订购,命令。根据空后的让步状语从句“although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee”可知,此处是指不吃早餐不好。miss 意为“错过”,符合语境。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:吃尽可能多的新鲜食物——大量的水果和蔬菜——尽量不要吃太多油炸食品。A. fresh新鲜的;B. dried干的;C. fast快速的;D. expensive昂贵的。根据后文的“fruit and vegetables”及“not to eat too much fried food”可知,此处作者建议人们尽可能多吃新鲜的食物。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. promise承诺;B. beg恳求;C. decide决定;D. try试图,努力。根据语境可 知,作者建议吃新鲜食物,尽量不要吃太多油炸食品。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意:很多人觉得自己不是100%健康的一个理由是他们没有喝足够的水。A. reason原因; B. excuse借口;C. result借口;D. opinion观点。根据下文对饮水的介绍可知,此处表达的是人们不够健康的 其中一个原因。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:你需要每天喝两升水——水就是水,不是茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。A. means意味着; B. includes包括;C. needs需要;D. produces生产。根据语境及常识,尤其是后文的 “not tea, coffee or sugarydrinks”可知,此处表达的是,水就是水,不是指茶、咖啡或含糖饮料。故选A。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们只是想享受他们的食物。A. enjoy享受,喜欢;B. show展示;C. prepare准备; D. research研究。根据“it’s fine to have cakes and ice cream(吃蛋糕和冰淇淋是可以的)”可知,此处表达的是, 很多人不想锻炼,他们只想享受他们的食物。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我想说的是,我们喜欢我们的身体习惯的东西,如果你吃更多的健康食品,随着时 间的推移,你可能会发现自己更想吃它们。A. settle down to开始专心于;B. are buried in专心于;C. are made of由……制成;D. are used to习惯于。由空后的“if you eat more healthy food, over time, you might find yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else”可知,如果你吃更多健康的食物,随着时间的推移,你可能会发现 相比于其他任何东西,自己更想吃健康的食物。设空处表达的是,我们喜欢吃我们的身体已经习惯的东西。故 选D。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:试试它,我想你会感到惊讶的。A. moved感动的; B. surprised惊讶的;C. troubled麻烦的;D. worried担心的。根据语境可知,此处表示如果你吃更多健康的食物,假以时日,你会发现 自己更想吃健康食物。尝试一下吧,你会感到惊讶的!故选B。 【2022·江苏省如皋中学高三上学期教学质量调研】 Philosophy is a systematic and reflective thinking on life. In thinking, the thinker is usually ____1____by the surroundings in which he lives. This is true of an individual, as it is also true of ____2____ To the ancient Chinese their land was the world.There are two expressions in Chinese which can both be ____3____as the world: “all beneath the sky” and “all within the four seas.” To the people of a maritime (沿海的) country such as the Greeks it would be ____4____ that expressions like these could be synonymous. The ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers not only lived under different geographic conditions, but different____5____ones as well. Since China is a ____6____country, the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth. ____7____, throughout Chinese history, social and economic thinking and policy have____8____ the employment and distribution of land. In the social and economic thinking of Chinese philosophers, there is a____9____between what they call “the root (本)” and “the branch (末).” “The root” refers to agriculture and “the branch” to____10____. The people who deal with the “branch” were the merchants. They were the____11____and lowest of the four traditional classes of society, theother three being scholars, farmers, and artisans. Scholars and farmers were____12____then in China. The scholars did not actually____13____ the land themselves, but since they were usually landlords, their fortunes were____14____with agriculture, and therefore their reaction to the universe and their____15____on life were essentially those of the farmer. Philosophy gives us an ideal of life. Through studying philosophy, we know both this world and ourselves better.267 1.A.conditioned B.equipped C.powered D.refreshed 2.A.traveler B.scholar C.client D.people 3.A.displayed B.confused C.translated D.symbolized 4.A.discouraging B.unconvincing C.embarrassing D.thrilling 5.A.cultural B.economic C.historical D.theoretical 6.A.continental B.dependent C.federal D.realistic 7.A.Besides B.Furthermore C.Hence D.Otherwise 8.A.shrunk from B.put pressure on C.gone about D.centered around 9.A.connection B.distinction C.foundation D.solution 10.A.commerce B.industry C.occupation D.tourism 11.A.aimless B.cautious C.last D.unemployed 12.A.ambitious B.dynamic C.fortunate D.honorable 13.A.explore B.cultivate C.investigate D.preserve 14.A.caught up B.kept up C.tied up D.put up 15.A.assessment B.impact C.concern D.outlook 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了哲学家的思考受到其自身的生活环境的制约,并介绍了古代中国 的社会和经济思想,通过学习哲学,我们更了解这个世界和我们自己。 1.A在思考时,思考者通常受到他所生活的环境的制约。A. conditioned控制,制约;B. equipped配备,装备; C. powered驱动,推动;D. refreshed使恢复精力。下文提到中国和希腊由于地理环境不同,哲学家的思想也存 在差异,由此可知,思考者通常受到生活环境的制约。故选A。 2.D对个人是如此,对民族也是如此。A. traveler旅行者;B. scholar学者;C. client客户,当事人;D. people 人们,民族。此处和“an individual”形成对比,结合下文提到的中国和希腊的例子可知,此处表示“对民族也 是如此”。故选D。 3.C汉语中有两种说法都可以翻译为世界:“天下皆天”和“四海之内皆天”。A. displayed展示,展览;B. confused使糊涂,使迷惑;C. translated翻译,解释为;D. symbolized象征。结合语境及空后的“‘all beneath the sky’ and ‘all within the four seas’”可知,此处指这两种说法都可以翻译为“世界”的概念。故选C。4.B对于像希腊这样的海洋国家的人民来说,这样的同义表达是无法令人信服的。A. discouraging使人沮丧的; B. unconvincing令人难以信服的,令人怀疑的;C. embarrassing令人尴尬的;D. thrilling惊险的,令人兴奋的。 上文提到思考着会受到自身生活环境的制约,结合下文“The ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers not only lived under different geographic conditions, but different ________ ones as well.”可知,中国和希腊哲学家出于不同 的地理环境和民族背景,哲学思考应是有所不同,所以此处指“令人难以信服的”。故选B。 5.B中国和希腊古代哲学家不仅生活在不同的地理条件下,而且生活在不同的经济条件下。A. cultural文化的 B. economic经济的;C. historical历史的;D. theoretical理论的。下一句“Since China is a ________ country, the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth.”提到经济方面,故此 处指“经济条件”,下文也多次出现economic。故选B。 6.A由于中国是一个陆地国家,中国人必须以农业为生,土地是财富的首要基础。A. continental大陆的;B. dependent依赖的;C. federal联邦的;D. realistic务实的,实事求是的。根据常识及“the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth”可知,中国是一个陆地国家,人们靠农业 谋生。故选A。 7.C因此,在整个中国历史上,社会和经济的思想和政策都以土地的使用和分配为中心。A. Besides此外,而 且;B. Furthermore此外,而且;C. Hence因此;D. Otherwise否则。结合句意可知,此处与上文是因果关系, 因为中国是大陆国家,因此社会和经济的思想都是以土地为中心。故选C。 8.D因此,在整个中国历史上,社会和经济的思想和政策都以土地的使用和分配为中心。A. shrunk from退避; B. put pressure on对……施加压力;C. gone about着手做,处理;D. centered around集中于,围绕。结合语境 可知,此处指社会和经济的思想和政策都以土地的使用和分配为中心。故选D。 9.B在中国哲学家的社会经济思想中,有他们所谓的“本”和“末”的区别。A. connection关系。联系;B. distinction 差别,区别;C. foundation 基础;D. solution 解决方法。根据下文“In the social and economic thinking of Chinese philosophers, there is a_______between what they call “the root (本)” and “the branch (末).”可知, “本”和“末”有区别。故选B。 10.A“本”指的是农业,“末”指的是商业。A. commerce商业;B. industry工业;C. occupation职业;D. tourism旅游业。根据下一句“The people who deal with the ‘branch’ were the merchants.(与‘末’打交道的是商 人)”可知,“末”指商业。故选A。 11.C他们是四个传统社会阶层中最后和底层的,另外三个是读书人、农民和做工的人。A. aimless没有目标 的;B. cautious谨慎的;C. last最后的;D. unemployed未被雇佣的。结合“lowest”可知,商人是社会最底层的 人。故选C。 12.D在当时的中国,读书人和农民是光荣的。A. ambitious有抱负的;B. dynamic充满活力的,动态的;C.fortunate幸运的;D. honorable光荣的。结合上文“the other three being scholars, farmers, and artisans.”及常识可 知,古代中国读书人和农民是光荣的。故选D。 13.B读书人本身并不耕种土地,但由于他们通常是地主,他们的财富与农业息息相关,因此他们对宇宙的反 应和人生观本质上是农民的态度。A. explore探索;B. cultivate开垦,耕作;C. investigate调查;D. preserve保 护,维护。根据常识可知,此处指读书人并不直接种地,故选B。 14.C读书人本身并不耕种土地,但由于他们通常是地主,他们的财富与农业息息相关,因此他们对宇宙的反 应和人生观本质上是农民的态度。A. caught up赶上,追上;B. kept up跟上,不落后; C. tied up捆绑,捆紧; D. put up张贴,建起。根据“but since they were usually landlords”可知,读书人一般是地主,所以他们的财富 和农业息息相关,tie up with和……有关系,符合语境。故选C。 15.D读书人本身并不耕种土地,但由于他们通常是地主,他们的财富与农业息息相关,因此他们对宇宙的反 应和人生观本质上是农民的态度。A. assessment评估,评价;B. impact影响; C. concern担心,忧虑;D. outlook看法,态度。结合“their reaction to the universe”可知,此处指读书人的世界观和人生观本质上和农民 一样。故选D。