文档内容
第 13 讲 完形填空（说明文）
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查
【题型二】科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查
【题型三】人与动植物类说明文的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 社会现象与社会问题类说明文的考查
1.（2024·广东广州·三模）What’s the point of studying? It’s something you might ask yourself if you’re
1 to finish an assignment, 2 if your friends seem to be out having fun, or are 3 and earning lots
of money.
Many of us choose to go to university as a first step towards a good 4 , but sometimes graduates are
educated beyond what is necessary for a job. Even so, according to a research conducted by an organization, a 5
will, in the long run, earn you more. What’s more, there are 6 in your earning potential. A researcher says
that graduates of the 24 Russell Group universities earn about 40% more than those who studied at other
universities after five years.
7 , it found it’s not just the location but other factors that can 8 what you can earn. For
example, graduates in subjects such as law and medicine 9 to do well. And as they progress, the pay gap
between these careers and others, such as the creative arts, 10 . Also, a student’s 11 background
can have an effect, with those from households highly valuing education much more likely to go to university, and
mostly likely a 12 one.
But if you still don’t feel university delivers the best work opportunities, there are 13 words from
Alistair Jarvis, head of Universities UK, who says that graduates are half as likely to be 14 as non-
graduates. So maybe all that studying is 15 — after all “no pains, no gains”!
1．A．planning B．struggling C．trying D．hoping
2．A．actually B．usually C．especially D．generally3．A．working B．studying C．wandering D．living
4．A．education B．life C．marriage D．career
5．A．degree B．major C．skill D．patent
6．A．changes B．difficulties C．improvements D．differences
7．A．Then B．Therefore C．Moreover D．Instead
8．A．involve in B．contribute to C．consist of D．result from
9．A．happen B．tend C．long D．manage
10．A．exists B．disappears C．widens D．varies
11．A．religious B．historical C．educational D．social
12．A．big B．good C．popular D．public
13．A．encouraging B．amazing C．sincere D．scientific
14．A．disrespected B．distrusted C．unemployed D．unpaid
15．A．reliable B．favorable C．interesting D．rewarding
2.（2024·陕西安康·三模）Short bursts of exercise can make you fit in the long term. To prove this,
Gillen’s team randomly assigned participants to three 16 . One rode an exercise bike at a moderate (中等
的) level of 17 for 45 minutes, three times per week. A second group did three times 18 the
10-minute high-intensity workouts. A third group 19 a control and did nothing.
After 12 weeks, both exercise groups had 20 their insulin (胰岛素) resistance and also increased
their 21 (as measured by their capacity to use oxygen during exercise) by about 19 percent. The gains
were 22 between the groups, even though the group doing 23 workouts with high intensity
intervals had spent only about 22 percent as much 24 as the group doing traditional longer workouts. But
people in the second group do find these 25 interval exercise programs enjoyable enough to 26
.
Turning to shorter workouts is not just a way to 27 time. It can also help you continue to make
fitness 28 even when life gets in the 29 .
“Let’s say you have exams coming up or your job is 30 and you only have a couple of hours
perweek to exercise,” Androulakis-Korakakis says, “ 31 feeling like your strength and muscle will
32 , turning to a minimum-amount 33 can still help you continue 34 your body.”
“It’s hard to 35 that you don’t have 10 or 15 minutes that you can find. That’s just not checking
your email one more time or getting off social media,” de Lannoy says.
16．A．classes B．areas C．groups D．steps
17．A．achievement B．ability C．speed D．strength
18．A．weekly B．monthly C．daily D．yearly
19．A．related to B．served as C．applied for D．dealt with
20．A．prevented B．declined C．improved D．contained
21．A．judgment B．curiosity C．pleasure D．fitness22．A．various B．similar C．contrary D．delicate
23．A．short B．familiar C．extreme D．gentle
24．A．camping B．counting C．calculating D．exercising
25．A．hard B．special C．fair D．free
26．A．advocate B．compare C．spread D．continue
27．A．exchange B．kill C．save D．steal
28．A．discoveries B．requirements C．choices D．gains
29．A．direction B．way C．sense D．distance
30．A．demanding B．rewarding C．comforting D．striking
31．A．Due to B．Instead of C．Apart from D．As for
32．A．disappear B．survive C．suffer D．form
33．A．response B．approach C．limitation D．grade
34．A．building B．checking C．recovering D．observing
35．A．predict B．inform C．confirm D．argue
3.（2024·云南昆明·模拟预测）Generally, most people feel delighted when birthday comes, especially
children. They count the days and can’t wait to send 36 to their friends, in hope of getting together and
enjoying a birthday cake. 37 , not everyone is excited about birthday. There are many people out there
who never 38 to celebrate it. They find the day as 39 as any other day. Nothing in their
routine changes in the name of 40 .
This may be common in those who are in their 50’s or older. For some people in this age, life becomes a
41 that is going on and on and at a 42 pace. They feel like losing control of their time and every
passing year 43 the fear of dying soon. This is not good as it stimulates negativity. But some people do so
and they can’t 44 it. Their birthday is nothing more than 45 news for them.
Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible reason on this earth. They just
don’t want to be the 46 of others. You may feel surprised about this nature but they like to remain as part
of the crowd. Birthdays are 47 to this feeling as they bring sudden 48 to people.
There is also another part of the population that thinks it is a 49 of money. Their logic is, why lose
the hard-earned 50 for the pleasure of three to four hours?
36．A．blessings B．greetings C．invitation D．gratitude
37．A．Anyway B．Besides C．Therefore D．Nevertheless
38．A．long B．refuse C．remember D．manage
39．A．normal B．active C．exciting D．busy
40．A．leisure B．celebration C．sympathy D．admiration
41．A．reality B．dream C．story D．journey
42．A．consistent B．slower C．faster D．steadier
43．A．cuts up B．builds up C．takes up D．breaks up44．A．help B．get C．make D．put
45．A．wonderful B．awful C．unexpected D．rare
46．A．pride B．example C．focus D．burden
47．A．familiar B．fundamental C．similar D．contrary
48．A．shelter B．attention C．sign D．appearance
49．A．budget B．collection C．waste D．lack
50．A．reputation B．rest C．time D．salary
题型二 科普知识与科学技术类说明文的考查
4.（23-24高三·浙江嘉兴·模拟预测）The Poseidon Effect
Late one autumn day at the local swimming pool in Ancenis, France, an 18-year-old named Jean LeRoy
came for his regular evening swim in the 25-metre pool.
When people are drowning, they don’t usually shout and 51 in the way it happens on television.
Most people drown quite 52 , with the person quickly sinking beneath the water. On the evening,
LeRoy was testing how far he could swim underwater 53 one breath. At some moment, as he was
doing this, he became unconscious. 54 he tried he couldn’t breathe. He sank to the bottom of the pool.
LeRoy was drowning.
Luckily for him, the swimming pool was 55 with an electronic surveillance system called
Poseidon. Although the human lifeguards had not noticed, 12 large machine eyes deep underwater were watching
the whole thing. Poseidon has underwater cameras which 56 people as they swim. The cameras are
connected to a computer. It is 57 to recognize 58 a swimmer is not moving normally. The
lifeguards at the Ancenis pool were wearing a special device that 59 when the computer detected a
possible problem. Sixteen seconds after Poseidon noticed LeRoy’s body, the lifeguards had pulled him out of the
pool. He started breathing again. After one night in hospital, he was sent home completely 60 .
Poseidon had saved his life.
Machines like Poseidon completely change how we live. Think of your life before the answering machine
was invented. Think of your grandparents’ lives before the television and the airplane were introduced. The change
will be just as great. It is 61 happening.
Soon, machines will recognize our faces and our fingerprints. They will 62 for drowning
people, for 63 carrying bombs, for speeding drivers and heart patients. Imagine devices that monitor a
baby’s breathing and track children as they go to and from school. Imagine machines 64 quiet signals
to nearby computers, which will send information to your doctor, your lawyer, and the local police. As time passes,
more and more of our lives will be 65 by machines. They will know all about us.
51．A．splash B．cry C．yell D．scream
52．A．soon B．quietly C．silently D．simply
53．A．in B．within C．over D．on
54．A．No matter howB．However C．Whoever D．Whatever55．A．established B．installed C．set D．equipped
56．A．show B．film C．propagate D．outline
57．A．postulated B．made C．programmed D．relayed
58．A．whether B．when C．while D．if
59．A．alarmed B．beeped C．warned D．alerted
60．A．healthy B．normal C．safe D．well
61．A．always B．merely C．readily D．already
62．A．watch out B．take care C．look back D．go over
63．A．terrorists B．invalids C．senators D．tyrants
64．A．will send B．to send C．send D．sending
65．A．recorded B．checked C．monitored D．supervised
5.（23-24高三·山东德州·阶段练习）Holland is famous for being bike friendly. Recently, the world’s first
plastic bike path has been 66 in the Dutch city of Zwolle, a 100- foot bike path made of recycled plastic.
The company that created the path, PlasticRoad, says their 67 of making roads is better in many
ways than asphalt(沥青) roads. PlasticRoad creates its roads 68 in a factory. All the pieces are the same.
Since the plastic pieces are light, they are easy to 69 . To make the road, a special truck 70 drives
along and lays down the pieces, almost like 71 bricks in a sidewalk. This makes it much 72 to make
than an asphalt road.
PlasticRoad thinks their road will 73 three times as long as an asphalt road. If part of it breaks, it is
easy to take out the broken section, and 74 it. The broken section can then be recycled 75 and turned
into a road again.
The plastic roads are hollow(中空的) below, allowing rainwater to flow away, instead of 76 the street.
The hollow area also makes it easy to 77 pipes under the road.
Many people think this is a 78 way to recycle plastic, but some are worried. One of the biggest 79
is what will happen to the bits of plastic that break off as the path is used. The company is planning another test,
hoping to find 80 .
66．A．destroyed B．decorated C．widened D．created
67．A．secret B．way C．goal D．refusal
68．A．halves B．pairs C．groups D．pieces
69．A．break B．keep C．move D．shape
70．A．clumsily B．simply C．naturally D．difficultly
71．A．putting B．finding C．picking D．making
72．A．earlier B．harder C．faster D．cheaper
73．A．save B．take C．last D．count
74．A．replace B．sell C．recycle D．examine
75．A．in private B．at times C．on time D．once more76．A．crossing B．blocking C．flooding D．deserting
77．A．control B．run C．below D．prepare
78．A．ridiculous B．conventional C．common D．creative
79．A．concerns B．challenges C．burdens D．disasters
80．A．users B．solutions C．similarities D．volunteers
6.（23-24高三·湖南·阶段练习）Here we will introduce you to a new kind of car—the first fully electric
vehicle that can both fly and 81 on roads. Our “Model A”, is the first flying vehicle that is 82
on public roads and able to 83 like a normal car. It also has vertical take-off and landing capabilities. It
84 will be able to carry one or two occupants in its limited space available. We expect to sell the vehicle for
300, 000 each with the first 85 projected by the end of 2025. The FAA confirmed that it has 86
our company a special airworthiness certificate (适航证) , allowing for limited 87 that include
exhibition, research and development.
Numerous companies are working on all-electric VTOLs, which 88 vertical take-off and landing
aircraft. However, our vehicle is 89 because of its ability to 90 both on roads and in the air.
Our flying car will be certified as a(n) “ 91 speed vehicle”, which means it won’t be able to go
faster than about 25 miles per hour on a paved road. The 92 is that, if a driver needs a faster route,
he/she will use our flight capabilities. Regardless, it also still needs 93 from the National Highway
Traffic Safe Administration to go on roads. An 94 automated test flight of a skeleton (框架) version of
the car was successfully conducted in 2018, and a full-size prototype (原型车) was 95 the following
year. But we still needed the FAA’s special airworthiness certificate to continue conducting the necessary research
and development.
81．A．float B．land C．travel D．rely
82．A．drivable B．adjustable C．avoidable D．approachable
83．A．change B．update C．shift D．park
84．A．similarly B．apparently C．luckily D．permanently
85．A．delivery B．movement C．investigation D．resistance
86．A．awarded B．denied C．issued D．spared
87．A．reforms B．purposes C．improvements D．researches.
88．A．consist of B．add to C．result in D．stand for
89．A．common B．efficient C．different D．abstract
90．A．function B．fight C．circle D．experiment
91．A．terrific B．low C．average D．ideal
92．A．proof B．background C．conflict D．assumption
93．A．interview B．cooperation C．donation D．approval
94．A．annual B．initial C．aimless D．environmental
95．A．flown B．bought C．recycled D．submitted题型三 人与动植物类说明文的考查
7.（2024·贵州·一模）A year ago, Hialeah Gardens High School student Wendy Chai met Snowball, the
American Eskimo dog. Chai, who is 16 years old, was 96 with anxiety and depression when she was 13,
but thanks to an 97 started at her high school in Hialeah Gardens, Florida, she has relied on Snowball to
help her 98 the day.
The program, S. A．F. E. (Support Animals for Everyone), was 99 by students at her school in 2022.
It 100 certain students to bring support animals to school and also makes support animals 101 to
students and staff during school hours. The students presented their project to the Aspen Challenge in Miami. The
initiative won the third place.
S.A．F.E President Naomi Gallardo, 17, explained that 102 to animals helps students relax after
exams. “We bring different types of animals — dogs, cats, rabbits, snakes—according to our 103 and
fancies,” Naomi said. “We host annual occasions 104 at addressing mental health.”
For many, talking about mental health is 105 due to the negative stereotypes and social 106
surrounding the issue. The presence of a trained animal as emotional support 107 helps to break down that
psychological 108 .
By providing students with various support animals and 109 dialogue, S.A．F.E. continues to create
a safer and more 110 environment for all.
96．A．diagnosed B．annoyed C．walked D．helped
97．A．experiment B．opportunity C．initiative D．experience
98．A．go across B．pass by C．get along D．get through
99．A．informed B．launched C．discovered D．transformed
100．A．forbids B．allows C．facilitates D．discourages
101．A．available B．convenient C．reliable D．responsible
102．A．limitation B．opposition C．exposure D．similarity
103．A．facts B．items C．conditions D．preferences
104．A．stared B．glared C．aimed D．arrived
105．A．simple B．tough C．rough D．delicate
106．A．pride B．patience C．generosity D．prejudice
107．A．seldom B．usually C．regularly D．rarely
108．A．barrier B．access C．connection D．bridge
109．A．recording B．interesting C．encouraging D．controlling
110．A．supportive B．critical C．cooperative D．independent
8.（23-24 高三·河南·阶段练习）Owning chickens may be nothing special for you, but in the life of a
chicken, we catch a glimpse (一瞥) of an important truth.
You see, when a hen lays her egg, she labors to make sure the 111 are just right to promote life forthat little chick. She must lay it in a 112 spot. She also must apply heat to the egg for it to 113 .
In the life of this baby chick though, there comes a point that is necessary but that is often 114 . As
the egg begins to crack and slowly break 115 , what you will not see is the mother hen 116 the
chick to get the shell off. No matter how hard the chick 117 , pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother
hen will not do the 118 for it.
At this point, someone can see the 119 of this chick and think the mother does not 120 her
young. This person can then seek to help the chick and 121 the pieces of the shell. However, if such a
thing really happens, often this person 122 does not save the chick’s life but rather 123 its
death.
This 124 stage is essential for the chick. It will produce within the chick the 125 that
will allow it to live and thrive (茁壮成长).
111．A．actions B．experiences C．conditions D．chances
112．A．safe B．remote C．shady D．new
113．A．hatch B．live C．move D．continue
114．A．evaluated B．checked C．made D．overlooked
115．A．up B．open C．free D．away
116．A．urging B．preferring C．assisting D．encouraging
117．A．rolls B．knocks C．jumps D．shakes
118．A．work B．harm C．exercise D．same
119．A．depression B．confusion C．growth D．struggle
120．A．take in B．care about C．play with D．bring up
121．A．collect B．remove C．throw D．spread
122．A．carelessly B．impatiently C．unknowingly D．purposely
123．A．slows B．causes C．faces D．prevents
124．A．beginning B．developing C．resting D．falling
125．A．nutrition B．health C．luck D．strength
9.（23-24高三·上海·期中）In Mumbai, there’s the ceaseless clamor of car homes as drivers edge through
traffic. There’s pounding and buzzing from the construction of office towers and apartment blocks. Drumbeats and
trumpet melodies spill out from weddings and countless festivals. And it’s all topped off by bellowing (大声吼叫
的) street vendors and garbage trucks blasting Bollywood songs. Living in Mumbai requires a huge 126 for
noise.
When Sumaira Abdulali began campaigning against noise pollution in India’s financial capital two decades
ago, friends, acquaintances and even her lawyers insisted it was 127 . “People told me it’s foolish to even
try, because Indians love noise,” she says. “We’re a noisy country.”
But in 2003, Abdulali won a lawsuit seeking to 128 environmental rules that had allowed loud music
late into the night during a festival. 129 , the victory led to a ban on loudspeakers within 100 meters ofschools, hospitals, courts and places of worship. And she has since won more than a dozen other actions both on her
own and via the Awaaz Foundation (awaaz means “noise” in Hindi), which she launched in 2006.
The World Health Organization warns that noise is a top threat to human 130 , affecting not only
hearing but also sleep, brain development and cardiovascular health. Abdulali claims Mumbai is the world’s 131
city. A study led by Ritesh Vijay, an expert from India’s National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, did
find that noise levels in Mumbai and surrounding areas in 2020 dramatically exceed legal limits.
In recent years, the battle against noise has become increasingly 132 , with Abdulali often facing
powerful interests who consider it an inevitable byproduct of growth. With increasing 133 , ever more
people are exposed to continuous noise. In a rapidly expanding city such as Mumbai, with a population topping 12
million, demand for housing puts noise rules 134 development plans. Although sound barriers are required
for construction projects, they’re expensive, so developers 135 installing them.
Traffic is a tougher problem. Noise on the road can reach 110 decibels (分贝) — a level that can lead to
permanent hearing damage after just 15 minutes of exposure, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. Luckily, 136 can help in the fight, Vijay says. He suggests devices that measure horn use,
which would let officials offer 137 drivers rewards like deductions (扣除) on car insurance. Dynamic
signaling, where sensors linked to stoplights detect traffic density, would improve vehicle flow and 138 the
urge to resort to horns, he says. Local government also 139 . Mumbai decreed (颁布) India’s first “No-
Honking” day in 2008, with police handing out booklets to raise awareness about traffic noise and imposing fines
up to 1,000 rupees ($12) on offending motorists.
Far more important is the longer-term impact of the day-to-day noise, so that’s where Vijay believes activists
should focus their energy. “In India we celebrate festivals with lots of noise,” he says. “But our 140 noise
itself is beyond the allowed limit.”
126．A．talent B．potential C．demand D．tolerance
127．A．encouraging B．reasonable C．ridiculous D．depressing
128．A．take advantage of B．put an end to C．lay emphasis on D．throw light on
129．A．Therefore B．Similarly C．Subsequently D．However
130．A．well-being B．intelligence C．interaction D．behavior
131．A．largest B．busiest C．loudest D．richest
132．A．difficult B．successful C．diverse D．easy
133．A．availability B．capitalization C．urbanization D．convenience
134．A．in pace with B．in contact with C．in league with D．in conflict with
135．A．recommend B．justify C．resist D．advocate
136．A．government B．technology C．finance D．psychology
137．A．quiet B．brave C．safe D．alert
138．A．trigger B．satisfy C．reduce D．maintain
139．A．steps in B．takes over C．cuts in D．takes off
140．A．traffic B．construction C．ceremony D．background题型 阅读理解
A
（23-24高三·上海·阶段练习）A Neurologist’s Tips to Protect Your Memory
As we age, our memory declines. This is a fixed 1 for many of us; however, according to
neuroscientist Dr. Richard Restak, a neurologist and clinical professor, decline is not 2 .
Ultimately, “we are what we can remember,” he said. Here are some of Dr. Restak’s tips for developing and
3 a healthy memory.Pay more attention.
Some memory lapses are actually attention problems, not memory problems. 4 , if you’ve
forgotten the name of someone you met at a cocktail party, it could be because you were talking with several people
at the time.
One way to pay attention when you learn new information is to 5 the word. Having a picture
associated with the word, Restak said, can improve 6 . Find regular everyday memory challenges.
There are many memory exercises that you can 7 into everyday life. Dr. Restak suggested
composing a grocery list and memorizing it. When you get to the store, don’t 8 pull out your list (or
your phone) — instead, pick up everything according to your memory.
Once in a while, get in the car without turning on your GPS, and try to 9 through the streets from
memory. A small 2020 study suggested that people who used GPS more frequently over time showed a steeper
cognitive 10 in spatial memory three years later.Play games.
Dr. Restak’s “favorite working memory game” is 20 Questions — in which a group thinks of a person, place
or object, and the other person, the questioner, asks 20 questions with a yes-or-no answer. Because to succeed, he
said, the questioner must hold all of the 11 answers in memory in order to guess the correct answer.
The point is to 12 your working memory, “maintaining information and moving it around in your
mind,” Restak wrote.Read more novels.
One early indicator of memory issues, according to Dr. Restak, is 13 fiction. “People, when they
begin to have memory difficulties, tend to switch to reading nonfiction,” he said. Fiction requires active
engagement with the text, starting at the beginning and working through to the end. 14 technology.
Storing everything on your phone means that “you don’t know it,” Dr. Restak said, which can 15
our own mental abilities. The second way our relationship with technology is harmful to memory is because it often
takes our focus away from the task at hand.
1．A．accomplishmentB．assumption C．regulation D．observation
2．A．inevitable B．dispensable C．reverse D．doubtful3．A．striking B．enduring C．arousing D．maintaining
4．A．Nevertheless B．Moreover C．For instance D．Instead
5．A．demonstrate B．trace C．discover D．visualize
6．A．recall B．sight C．target D．instinct
7．A．enclose B．integrate C．evolve D．impose
8．A．steadily B．actively C．gradually D．automatically
9．A．adjust B．rush C．gesture D．navigate
10．A．performance B．decline C．awareness D．increase
11．A．modest B．original C．previous D．personal
12．A．engage B．drain C．insert D．fulfill
13．A．devoting to B．concentrating on C．giving in to D．giving up on
14．A．Beware of B．Stick to C．Long for D．Differ from
15．A．counter B．stock C．erode D．strengthen
B
（2024·上海·模拟预测）Virtual reality is considered as having the potential to transform how doctors
diagnose and treat a number of mental illnesses, and the front lines of this revolution may be forming in China. Its
market is wide open for 16 and developers have an opportunity to leapfrog past traditional care models
and make China an early adopter of VR psychiatry (精神病治疗) on a large scale.
VR psychiatric applications include immersing patients in simulations that seem real, exposing their brain—
but not their body—to 17 situations and helping them learn to train their physical and emotional
responses. 18 , an alcohol-addicted patient can sit at a virtual bar without drinking, and a person too
anxious to fly can 19 takeoff and landing while staying firmly on the ground. Such treatments can
yield fast, dramatic results: in one case a woman calculating heights could calmly ride an escalator after a three-
hour course of VR 20 therapy.
Researchers around the world have been 21 these technologies—with promising results. Through
the end of 2016, peer-reviewed journals had published nearly 300 studies on using VR to treat mental health
disorders. And then this March, JAMA Psychiatry published what researchers say is the first ever randomized
controlled trial of a therapist-free VR 22 of acrophobia, or fear of heights. It found the technology to
be 23 , inexpensive and well-received by patients.
In China, treatment rates of mental disorders are low, which is partially linked to a shortage of trained
professionals. World Health Organization data show China’s concentration of psychiatrists is four times lower than
the global average, with only 2.2 per 100,000 people (the U.S. rate is 10.5). Another reason for low treatment rates
is 24 . While similar biases exist in many countries, studies have shown people with psychiatric
problems endure especially high levels of 25 in China.
Many supporters of mental health VR think it can help 26 both caregiver shortages and
shame. Because the technology can be fully automated, it can easily scale to meet the needs of many people. And
many think VR treatments could break through cultural barriers because they can take place in a 27place via a gamelike interface(界面), such as at home.
Despite the enthusiasm, however, experts warn that technology is no panacea(灵丹妙药). “VR can only be
one part of mental health care and not the whole system,” one expert says. Even some of the technology’s strongest
supporters 28 that important safety and ethical guidelines are still lacking.
Still, with overwhelming demand for services and distrust of traditional care, 29 health is
booming in China. In psychiatry in particular, there is a relatively blank canvas for technological innovation—and
VR is poised to fill a big chunk of that void(真空). If it does so, China could make significant strides to 30
its treatment gap. It might even provide a model for other countries with shortages in their mental health care
systems.
16．A．promotion B．complaint C．innovation D．trade
17．A．worsening B．improving C．relieving D．challenging
18．A．For example B．What’s more C．By contrast D．In conclusion
19．A．prevent B．experience C．postpone D．support
20．A．group B．standard C．exposure D．relaxation
21．A．testing B．adopting C．exporting D．transferring
22．A．maintenance B．intervention C．equipment D．defense
23．A．effective B．sensitive C．complex D．fair
24．A．scientific B．specific C．cultural D．diplomatic
25．A．anxiety B．shame C．endurance D．competition
26．A．bring B．address C．create D．face
27．A．secret B．safe C．quiet D．private
28．A．caution B．require C．protest D．explain
29．A．financial B．environmental C．digital D．public
30．A．widen B．close C．discover D．avoid
1.（2021年天津卷）
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____16____
when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____17____ took a turn.
After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____18____.
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____19____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike
shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____20____ of bikes was Covid-19 related,
and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____21____ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____22____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He____23____ to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he
would repair-again ____24____. And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have
the ____25____ to buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____26____ bicycles. Then came more than 500
____27____ for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be
____28____ to their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____29____ struggling. ____30____ simply satisfying a
material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to ____31____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings
of community. ____32____, the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____33____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is
certainly providing a ____34____, but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the
____35____ that he can make on people."
16. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened
17. A. emotions B. careerC. opinions D. route
18. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet
19. A. ride B. lock C. repairD. replace
20. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality
21. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
22. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
23. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered
24. A. by accident B. in advanceC. for free D. on credit
25. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse
26. A. sharedB. used C. expensive D. modern
27. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements
28. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
29. A. hardlyB. slightly C. truly D. instantly
30. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among
31. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social
32. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
33. A. promise B. celebrationC. comfort D. experience
34. A. competitionB. service C. ceremony D. suggestion
35. A. compromise B. impressionC. impact D. progress
2.（2015年安徽卷）
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 71 is that
countries around the world have growing mountains of 72 because people are throwing out more rubbish
than ever before.How did we 73 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 74 an object than to
spend time and money to repair it. 75 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able
to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 76 .
Another cause is our 77 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 78 people, we are always
looking for 79 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 80 thousands of different
kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 81 to the problem. We are 82 buying new things.
Advertisements persuade us that 83 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The
result is that we 84 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 85 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep
getting bigger. To 86 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 87 , more governments are
requiring people to recycle materials. 88 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 89 throwing them away. We also
need to rethink our attitudes about 90 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may
be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
71．A．key B．reason C．project D．problem
72．A．gifts B．rubbish C．debt D．products
73．A．face B．become C．observe D．change
74．A．hide B．control C．replace D．withdraw
75．A．Thanks to B．As to C．Except for D．Regardless of
76．A．safe B．funny C．cheap D．powerful
77．A．love B．lack C．prevention D．division
78．A．sensitive B．kind C．brave D．busy
79．A．ways B．places C．jobs D．friends
80．A．donate B．receive C．produce D．preserve
81．A．adapts B．returns C．responds D．contributes
82．A．tired of B．addicted to C．worried about D．ashamed for
83．A．newer B．stronger C．higher D．larger
84．A．pick up B．pay for C．hold onto D．throw away
85．A．advantages B．purposes C．functions D．consequences
86．A．show B．record C．decrease D．measure
87．A．technology B．environment C．consumers D．brands
88．A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Meanwhile
89．A．by B．in favour of C．after D．instead of
90．A．spending B．collecting C．repairing D．advertising
3.（2013年广东卷）Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a 21 , in number. Human beings
are born with this ability. 22 , experiments show that many animals are, too. For example, many birds
have good number sense. If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not 23 However, if you
remove two, the bird 24 leaves. This means that the bird knows the 25 between two and three.
Another interesting experiment showed a bird's 26 number sense. A man was trying to take a photo of
a crow(乌鸦)that had a nest in a tower, but the crow always left when she saw him coming. The bird did not 27
until the man left the tower. The man had an 28 . He took another man with him to the tower. One man left
and the other stayed, but they did not 29 the bird. The crow stayed away until the second man left, too. The
experiment was 30 with three men and then with four men. But the crow did not return to the nest until all
the men were 31 . It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were 32
able to fool the crow.
How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good. For example, babies about fourteen months old
almost always notice if something is taken away from a 33 group. But when the number goes beyond three
or four, the children are 34 fooled.
It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world, and that our
human 35 is not much better than a crow's.
21．A．rise B．pattern C．change D．trend
22．A．Importantly B．Surprisingly C．Disappointedly D．Fortunately
23．A．survive B．care C．hatch D．notice
24．A．generally B．sincerely C．casually D．deliberately
25．A．distance B．range C．different D．interval
26．A．amazing B．annoying C．satisfying D．disturbing
27．A．relax B．recover C．react D．return
28．A．appointment B．excuse C．idea D．explanation
29．A．fool B．hurt C．catch D．kill
30．A．reported B．repeated C．designed D．approved
31．A．confused B．gone C．tired D．drunk
32．A．gradually B．luckily C．strangely D．finally
33．A．single B．small C．local D．new
34．A．seldom B．temporarily C．merely D．often
35．A．sight B．nature C．ability D．belief
4.（2010年安徽卷）
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with, especially since the printers in modern homes and
offices mean that very 36 things are handwritten. All too often, people buy a pen based only on 37 ,
and wonder why they are not satisfied 38 they begin to use it. However, buying a pen that you’ll enjoy is not
39 if you keep the following in mind.First of all, a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 to use. The thickness of the pen is the
most important characteristic (特征) 41 comfort. Having a small hand and thick fingers, you may
comfortable with a thin pen. If you have a 42 hand and thicker fingers you may 43 a fatter pen. The
length of a pen can 44 influence comfort. A pen that is too 45 can easily feeltop heavy and
unstable.
Then, the writing point of the pen should 46 the ink to flow evenly(均匀的) while that pen remains in
touch with the paper. 47 will make it possibly for you to create a 48 line of writing. The point
should also be sensitive enough to 49 ink from running when the pen is lifted. A point that does not
block the 50 may leave drops of ink, 51 you pick the pen up and put it down again.
52 , the pen should make a thick, dark line. Fine line pens may 53 bad handwriting, but
fine, delicate lines do not command 54 next to printed text, as, 55 , a signature on a printed
letter. A broader line, on the other hand, gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)。
36．A．many B．few C．pleasant D．important
37．A．looks B．reason C．value D．advantages
38．A．once B．if C．because D．though
39．A．convenient B．practical C．strange D．difficult
40．A．heavy B．easy C．hard D．safe
41．A．taking B．finding C．determining D．seeking
42．A．strong B．weaker C．smaller D．larger
43．A．prefer B．recommend C．prepare D．demand
44．A．hardly B．also C．never D．still
45．A．thick B．light C．long D．soft
46．A．change B．allow C．reduce D．press
47．A．they B．one C．this D．some
48．A．thin B．rough C．black D．smooth
49．A．prevent B．free C．protect D．remove
50．A．way B．sight C．flow D．stream
51．A．so B．as C．and D．yet
52．A．Meanwhile B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally
53．A．show up B．differ from C．break down D．compensate for
54．A．attention B．support C．respect D．admission
55．A．at most B．for example C．in brief D．on purpose
5.（2009年江苏卷）
The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community. As a result, all students
must 1 sixty hours of service learning, 2 they will not receive a diploma. Service learning is
academic learning that also helps the community. 3 of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river,working in a soup kitchen, or tutoring a student. 4 a service experience, students must keep a journal and
then write a 5 about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many 6 of service learning. Perhaps most importantly, students are
forced to think 7 their own interests and become 8 of the needs of others. Students are also able to
learn reallife skills that 9 responsibility, problemsolving, and working as part of a team. 10
students can explore possible careers 11 service learning. For example, if a student wonders what
teaching is like, he or she can choose to work in an elementary school classroom a few afternoons each month.
12 there are many benefits, opponents 13 problems with the new requirement. First, they
14 that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is
timeconsuming, students spend 15 time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing
students to work without 16 goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away an
individual’s freedom to choose.
In my view, service learning is a great way to 17 to the community, learn new skills, and explore
different careers. 18 , I don’t believe you should force people to help others — the 19 to help
must come from the heart. I think the best 20 is one that gives students choices: a student should be able
to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service. Choice encourages both freedom and
responsibility and as young adults, we must learn to handle both wisely.
1．A．spend B．gain C．complete D．save
2．A．and B．or C．but D．for
3．A．Subjects B．Ideas C．Procedures D．Examples
4．A．With B．Before C．During D．After
5．A．diary B．report C．note D．notice
6．A．courses B．benefits C．challenges D．features
7．A．beyond B．about C．over D．in
8．A．careful B．proud C．tired D．aware
9．A．possess B．apply C．include D．develop
10．A．Gradually B．Finally C．Luckily D．Hopefully
11．A．through B．across C．of D．on
12．A．So B．Thus C．Since D．While
13．A．deal with B．look into C．point out D．take down
14．A．argue B．doubt C．overlook D．admit
15．A．much B．full C．less D．more
16．A．cost B．pay C．care D．praise
17．A．contribute B．appeal C．attend D．belong
18．A．Therefore B．Otherwise C．Besides D．However
19．A．courage B．desire C．emotion D．spirit
20．A．decision B．purpose C．solution D．result
