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完形填空主要考查考生在阅读理解基础上运用词汇和语法的能力。在一篇 230词左右的
短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出正确选项，使补全后的短文
意思通顺，前后连贯，结构完整。
题目类型
形 感 高考
年份 卷别 体裁 话题 名 动 副 介 连 习
容 叹 动向
词 词 词 词 词 语
词 词
新高考 难忘的野 1.设题规律
记叙文 5 5 3 1 1 0 0 0
全国Ⅰ卷 营经历 以动词、名
因狗结 词为主，其
全国甲卷 记叙文 缘，终成 7 8 1 3 0 0 0 1 次是形容
2022
眷属 词、副词。
孩子遮住 着重考查考
全国乙卷 说明文 眼睛玩捉 7 7 4 2 0 0 0 0 生的词汇运
迷藏 用能力、阅
新高考 在烘焙厂 读理解能
记叙文 4 9 2 0 0 0 0 0
全国Ⅰ卷 做临时工 力、分析判
带辣香肠 断能力、逻
全国甲卷 记叙文 4 10 4 1 0 0 0 1
2021 住酒店 辑推理能力
女病人向 和跨文化交
全国乙卷 记叙文 医护人员 6 10 1 2 0 0 1 0 际能力。
致谢 2.选材特点
新高考 主题语境包
记叙文 保护湿地 7 5 2 1 0 0 0 0
全国Ⅰ卷 括人与自
父母不要 我、人与自
夹叙夹
全国Ⅰ卷 对子女撒 8 6 3 2 1 0 0 0 然和人与社
议文
2020 谎 会，选材原
无意中购 汁原味，语
全国Ⅱ卷 记叙文 得两幅名 4 11 3 2 0 0 0 0 言地道，充
画的真迹 满正能量，
全国Ⅲ卷 夹叙夹 应对难对 3 8 6 1 2 0 0 0 倡导至真至议文 付的顾客
善至美的价
值观，在具
体语境中考
综合分析近年来高考完形填空，考查以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，说明文和议论文出现
频率较低。本专题将结合不同的体裁，分别对不同的解题技法进行点拨。
第 1 讲 记叙文
记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式，它们有几个显著的特点：以一般过去时为
主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。做题时要注意以下几点：
解题要领 内容解读
中心思想有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。文章题目揭示中心思想：如
抓住文章中心 无题目，关注文章开头结尾，尤其是议论抒情的语句，也可抓住文章的中
心。
在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入
明确叙述角度
理解文章的含义。
记叙文的写作顺序包括顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙、分叙，理清写作顺序有
理清写作顺序
助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
弄清记叙文的六要素，5W1H，即时间(when)，地点(where)，人物(who)，
明确写作要素 事件(what)，原因(why)，结果(how)，明确这些写作要素，就基本上抓住了
文章的主体。
洞悉写作目的 写作目的是借助叙事、写人或写景来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
My husband，our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten
years.
Some of our 41 are funny，especially from the early years when our children werelittle.Once，we 42 along Chalk Creek.I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall
into the creek(小溪)．I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about
ten minutes.He was 44 ，and his crying let the whole campground know it.So 45 tying
him up，I just kept a close eye on him.It 46 —he didn’t end up in the creek.My three-year-
old，however，did.
Another time，we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we 47 ，but
storms move in fast in the mountains，and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip.The
49 picked up and thunder rolled.My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor.Nothing.He
tried again.No 51 .We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat
there 52 ，a fisherman pulled up，threw us a rope and towed(拖) us back.We were 53 .
Now，every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage，we are filled with a
sense of 54 ，wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.
41．A.ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
42．A.camped B．drove
C．walked D．cycled
43．A.annoyed B．surprised
C．disappointed D．worried
44．A.unhurt B．unfortunate
C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
45．A.due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
46．A.worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
47．A.signed up B．calmed down
C．checked out D．headed off
48．A.arranged B．interrupted
C．completed D．recorded
49．A.wind B．noise
C．temperature D．speed
50．A.find B．hide
C．start D．fix
51．A.luck B．answer
C．wonder D．signal
52．A.patiently B．tirelessly
C．doubtfully D．helplessly53．A.sorry B．brave
C．safe D．right
54．A.relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
55．A.failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
文本整体感知
体裁 记叙文
中心思想 文章中作者回忆了两次难忘的野营经历，同时对未来的野营充满期待。
my husband，our children，I，wonderful camping experiences，tied a rope，
写作要素
worked，storm，adventure
写作目的 文章体现了“人与自我”的主题语境
技法一 重首句，易入题
完形填空的题眼往往出现在文章的开头。通过把握首句，可以确定文章的主题、背景、
人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章的发展方向，达到顺利“入题”的目的。本文第
一句交代了故事的主人公“我丈夫、我们的孩子和我”和事件“我们精彩的野营经历”，由
此可推知下文可能要讲述主人公野营的经历。
技法二 寻复现，找答案
完形填空选项的设置，命题人往往通过原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、同源词复
现、反义词复现、上下词复现等方式重现已经出现过的词汇。做题时，在把握语篇、透析语
境的前提下，应留心选项中是否有与上下文相对应的词汇，运用词汇复现技巧快速锁定答案。
常见的词汇复现方式如下：
(1)原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现
一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时兼有词形变化。如上文中出现的
transport与下文中的transportation可以看成原词复现。
真题体验1 (2020·全国Ⅰ)
I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll 47.wake up and discover that everything they’ve
always known about windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a
very strong 51.fear that the lie we’re telling is doing...
48．A.dream B．lie
C．fantasy D．fact
(2)同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现
真题体验2 (2021·全国乙)
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.I was considering thiswhile working as a 41 just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would
be if we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude(感谢)．
...
She was 49 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.On her day
of discharge，we shared in her 50.delight at her recovery.As she was 51.leaving she was eager to
say 52.goodbye to each of us in the nursing team.
41．A.cleaner B．chemist
C．nurse D．doctor
49．A.grateful B．thoughtful
C．sorrowful D．fearful
(3)同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式或者解释性的词汇复现
真题体验3 (2021·天津3月)
He 23.offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.He also asked for unwanted
bikes，which he would repair again 24 .
24．A.by accident B．in advance
C．for free D．on credit
(4)反义词复现——意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现
真题体验4 (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，stopping everywhere
from Paris to Singapore.It might sound like one long，expensive 42.vacation，but the couple has
an unusual way to make their travel 43 .
43．A.safe B．busy
C．helpful D．affordable
(5)上下词复现——总括与分述的词汇复现
真题体验5 (2020·全国Ⅰ)
Since our twins began learning to walk...
I hate lying to the kids...
I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a very
strong 51.fear that the lie we’re telling is doing 52.spiritual damage to our children.
49．A.parents B．twins
C．colleagues D．teachers
技法三 看语境，辨词义
语境就是指文章的上下文，着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断
的能力。考生要通过上下文的提示或暗示，对文章进行整体把握。因此，在做题时要有全局
观念，开头的题目要从下文找答案，中间或最后的题目要从上下文查找信息，即使考查词组，
也是在理解语境前提下的词义复现。近几年的高考真题更侧重于考生对具体语境的把握，尤
其是对整篇文章语义的理解能力。所设选项中，三个干扰项不一定是错误的，而是不符合所在语篇语言环境的特点，因此突出了语境化和整体性，主要涉及时间、地点、方向、情感、
动作等。本文第41、43、44、45、47、50、52题是通过分析上下文语境得知答案的。
(1)根据上文提示
真题体验1 (2022·全国乙)
However，we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42.bad at hiding.They often
cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
43．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
(2)根据下文提示
真题体验2 (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
The couple has a high 51 rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go
beyond the homeowner’s 52.expectations.For Jessica，that means 53.sending plenty of pictures
of happy pets，keeping the house 54.clean and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next
house.“You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right 55.decision，” she says.
51．A.success B．survival
C．growth D．unemployment
(2022·广东梅州一模)
I was born with no arms.My life is not 1 ，but I have overcome adversity(逆境)．I love
seeing people’s 2 changed for the better.It is my hope that your life will be 3 affected
by my story.
When I was thirteen，I 4 my foot，which I use to do many things like typing，writing
and 5 .The injury made me realize that I need to be more thankful for my abilities and less
concentrated upon my 6 .
A teacher encouraged me to start 7 about my faith and overcoming adversity when I was
17.The first time I made a speech，I was very 8 .Within the first three minutes of my talk，
half of the girls on the spot were 9 ，while most boys were struggling to control their 10
.One girl in particular was sobbing hard.Suddenly she put her 11 up，saying，“I was so
sorry to 12 ，but can I come up and hug you？”
She came and hugged me before everyone，and 13 in my ear，“Thank you.No one
has ever told me that they loved me and that I am beautiful the way I am.”
Her gratitude 14 me to go across 44 countries and speak 2,000 times.I realized that we
all need love and hope.Then，I was in a unique position to 15 this view with people around
the world：Dream big，my friend，and never give up!
1．A.important B．easy
C．tiring D．hard2．A.experience B．quality
C．activity D．life
3．A.differently B．hardly
C．positively D．generally
4．A.hurt B．witnessed
C．destroyed D．weakened
5．A.sleeping B．washing
C．boating D．sailing
6．A.difficulties B．hobbies
C．features D．disabilities
7．A.speaking B．memorizing
C．complaining D．worrying
8．A.sensitive B．wild
C．nervous D．exhausted
9．A.smiling B．shouting
C．crying D．sighing
10．A.emotion B．thought
C．sadness D．passion
11．A.book B．face
C．note D．hand
12．A.explain B．interrupt
C．conclude D．entertain
13．A.whispered B．informed
C．slapped D．screamed
14．A.expected B．allowed
C．inspired D．intended
15．A.relate B．share
C．connect D．debate
