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阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语最主要的途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中所占比重较大。
该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如：公告、说明、广告以
及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1.理解主旨要义；2.理解文中具
体信息；3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4.根据所读内容做出判断和理解；5.理清文
章的基本结构；6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
题目类型
年份 卷别 体裁 细节 推理 词句 主旨 命题专家谈高考
理解 判断 猜测 大意
新高考 应用文·说明文 1.文章题材丰富
6 7 1 1
全国Ⅰ卷 说明文·说明文 英语试卷中所有
应用文·说明文 语篇都围绕“人
全国甲卷 记叙文·夹叙夹 9 2 1 3 与自我”“人与
2022
议文 社会”以及“人
应用文·夹叙夹 与自然”三大主
全国乙卷 议文 7 6 1 1 题语境，题材涉
说明文·说明文 及故事、科普、
人文、社会现
新高考 应用文·记叙文
9 3 1 2
象、文化活动
全国Ⅰ卷 说明文·议论文
等。
说明文·说明文
2021 全国甲卷 6 6 1 2 2.短文体裁广泛
记叙文·议论文
短文体裁包括记
应用文·说明文
全国乙卷 7 5 1 2 叙文、说明文、
记叙文·说明文
议论文、应用文
新高考 应用文·记叙文
6 5 2 2 和新闻报道等。
全国Ⅰ卷 说明文·说明文
3.题型分布不均
应用文·夹叙夹
近3年全国卷高考
2020 全国Ⅰ卷 议文 7 5 1 2
阅读理解以突出
说明文·说明文
考查考生理解和
应用文·说明文
运用语言解决问
全国Ⅱ卷 10 1 2 2
说明文·记叙文
题的基本能力。应用文·记叙文
全国Ⅲ卷 8 3 1 3
说明文·说明文 以考查细节理
解、推理判断为
主，以考查词句
猜测、主旨大意
为辅。
4.语篇特点鲜明
(1)原汁原味：高
考语篇一般选自
各大主流英文报
刊和媒体网站，
新材料尽量原汁
原味。
根据表格分析可知，近年来阅读理解体裁以应用文、记叙文和说明文为主，议论文和新
闻报道为辅，其中科普知识类和生态环保类的说明文更是考生的难题；题型考查中细节理解
和推理判断题所占比重较大，词句猜测和主旨大意题所占比重较小。各类阅读理解中的长难
句日益增多，因此，在复习备考中，我们应该着重从题型、体裁和微技能三方面进行高效复
习。
第 1 讲 题型突破——细节理解题
细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考阅读理解中占了 60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、细节排序题和正误判断题。分析近三年的高考真题
可知：直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。
设问方式
1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词引出
问题。
2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非问题。此时要注
意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。
3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from .
选项特征
技法一 直接信息题
——定位比对找答案
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书
籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以 5W1H(what，who，when，where，why
和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A片段)
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it
is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero.Daily assignments
not completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absencewill be accepted.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A．You will receive a zero.
B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test.
D．You will have to rewrite it.
技法二 间接信息题
——同义转换定答案
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和
“人与自然”三大主题语境。
设问方式
1．According to the author/passage，...
2．What can we learn about...?
此类试题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改
造。解答间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两
个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意
思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命
题人设置的陷阱中。
解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·B片段)
Goffin’s cockatoos，a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have
similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in the
wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment，
cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.The clear front of the box had a
“keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to
choose from.Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
24．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A．By following instructions.
B．By using a tool.
C．By turning the box around.D．By removing the lid.
技法三 数字计算题
——整合推算得答案
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算
量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这
些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类
题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3.科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文
化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。
解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·全国乙·A片段)
Admission
￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
22．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A．￡4. B．￡8.
C．￡12. D．￡16.
A
(外刊阅读·原创题) 选自(https：//www.nowtolove.com.au/news/real-life/vitiligo-aboriginal-
model-65734)
The afternoon sun shone down on my daughter，Syriah,13，while I painted.I watched as the
warm rays lit up her skin，creating a beautiful pattern.But Syriah was born with vitiligo，a
condition that causes the loss of skin colour in patches(小块) all over her body.
Although a lot of people with vitiligo struggle with confidence issues，Syriah was not one of
them，comfortable from the moment it started showing at four years old.It was inspiring.The older
she got，the more she told me about her hobby of modelling but living in a small town，itwasn’t easy.
Painting had always been a big part of my life.Although I did it for fun，people were always
asking me if my works were for sale.Then I decided to go for it，making a Facebook page to sell
my creations.I wanted to set up a legacy(遗产) for my kids and help build them something for their
future.
One day，I received a message from a woman named Ana.Interested，I contacted her and she
explained she was the creator of London Pacific Fashion Week，an event where designers can
launch their brands during London Fashion Week.“I want you to create a fashion line for a runway
show，” she said，explaining that they’d get to search for their own models too.
Suddenly，I thought of Syriah’s modelling ambition.What if this could get her started? Soon
after，Ana connected with me on Facebook and came across the photos I’d taken of Syriah.
“How would you feel about your daughter modelling in the show? I love her smile with
confidence！”she messaged.
“Yes！”I replied excitedly，“that’s her dream！”
When I told my girl the news，she cried with excitement.
Now，we can’t wait for Syriah’s first modelling performance.Hopefully her image will
make a difference to girls，just like her，who’ve never seen people like them represented in the
fashion industry.She’ll show everyone that beauty comes in many forms.
1．What can we learn about Syriah?
A．She showed potential for painting.
B．She was not confident enough.
C．She suffered from a skin disease.
D．She got sick of rural life.
2．Why did the author choose to sell her paintings?
A．To finance her future generation.
B．To gain wide recognition.
C．To become a Facebook hit.
D．To donate money for the disabled.
3．Which of the following was not right?
A．Ana founded London Pacific Fashion Week.
B．Ana wanted to find some models.
C．Syriah willingly accepted Ana’s offer to be a model.
D．Syriah didn’t perform well in the fashion show.
4．Syriah got the modelling job due to .
A．her beauty coming from withinB．her mother’s recommendation
C．her close relationship with Ana
D．her outstanding modelling skills
B
(2022·山东青州二模)
The Empire State Building is one of the most popular attractions in New York City，both for
the tour and history of the building.Our Empire State Building facts include NYC Insider tips and
the best ways to tour this world-famous icon，whether you are short on time or budget.
Empire State Building Hours
The main entrance to the Empire State Building is on Fifth Avenue between 33rd and 34th
Streets.All visitors must use this entrance and there is often a wait just to get in the building.The
Empire State Building Observatory is open from 8∶00 a．m.to 2∶00 a．m.7 days a week.Last
elevators go up at 1∶15 a．m.
Empire State Building Tour Facts
The ESB offers two observatories，the 86th floor and the 102nd floor.
86th Floor Observatory(indoor and outdoor)
1,050 feet(320 meters)，reached by high-speed，automatic elevators，it has a glass-enclosed
area，which is heated in winter and cooled in summer.High-powered binoculars(双筒望远镜) are
available for the convenience of visitors at a minimal cost.
102nd Floor Observatory(indoor only)
Tickets are only sold upon arrival at the Empire State Building at a cost of $15.00 in addition
to regular admission tickets.
Empire State Building Tickets
Regular—$38 adult，$32 ages 6－12，under 5 free.
Express Pass—$65 all visitors ages 6＋
Buying your tickets before you go to New York saves your time.When buying tickets，you
can opt for regular tickets or express tickets.You can also buy a discount pass for free entrance.If
you want to visit the 102nd floor，you can get tickets which include dinner at STATE Grill and
Bare.
5．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．You can enter the building through three entrances.
B．A large number of visitors are attracted by the building.
C．Visitors are not allowed to take elevators after 1∶00 a．m.
D．The Empire State Building is closed on weekends.
6．What can we say about the 86th Floor Observatory?
A．It is located at a height of 1,050 meters.
B．It is a bit colder outside than inside.C．The binoculars can be used free of charge.
D．Visitors can enjoy the view of NYC outdoors.
7．How much should a couple pay if they want to visit the building with shorter waiting?
A．$76. B．$64.
C．$130. D．$103.
