文档内容
专题 02 阅读理解之主旨要义题
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题（最新模拟）
【题型二】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题（最新模拟）
【题型三】阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题）
03 真题实战练
【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对细节理
解题进行了蓝色标注。
题型一 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题
1.（2025·四川省绵阳市涪城区绵阳中学二模）
Gobble, gobble, grab your turkey baster, it’s Thanksgiving. Canadian Thanksgiving, that is. Though the US
version takes place on the fourth Thursday of November, Canada celebrates on the second Monday of October,
which this year falls on October 14. For more insights into this annual great feast, we reached out to Andrew
McIntosh, senior subject editor with the Canadian Encyclopedia.
Naturally, we first had to address a question often asked by Americans — why does Canada celebrate
Thanksgiving in October instead of November? Historically, he says, Thanksgiving in Canada has generally been
about celebrating the fall harvest and giving thanks for the food it provides before the cold season sets in. “Winter
comes a lot earlier in Canada, so our fall harvest happens earlier, too,” he says.
“Canadian Thanksgiving was set as the second Monday in October, when the weather is still amenable to
outdoor activities, in 1957.” But the country was celebrating long before that. The first official Thanksgiving
holiday took place in 1879, and in the following years, it didn’t always happen in October. “The exact date for
each year was determined annually by Parliament, which also assigned a unifying theme each year — it often
centered around celebrating the monarchy,” says McIntosh.
Interestingly, he notes the holiday occurred as late in the year as December 6 and even coincided with
American Thanksgiving a few times. As for the present day, some Canadians — including this writer’s extendedfamily — opt to host their Thanksgiving meal the day before the official Monday holiday, allowing those who
drove or flew in for the long weekend time to journey back home and not have to take an extra day off work.
4．Why does Canada celebrate Thanksgiving in October instead of November?
A．Because Canadians want to follow the historical convention.
B．Because winter comes earlier.
C．Because Canadians are accustomed to it.
D．Because cold weather comes slower.
5．Which best explains the underlined word in the third paragraph?
A．Adaptable. B．Suitable. C．Affordable. D．Imaginable.
6．Why do some Canadians host their Thanksgiving meal in advance?
A．Because it is economical for them to do so.
B．Because they are extremely homesick.
C．Because they want to earn more money.
D．Because they can go back to work in time.
7．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Thanksgiving in America.
B．The Differences of Thanksgiving in USA and Canada.
C．Thanksgiving in Canada.
D．The Origins of Thanksgiving in America and Canada.
【答案】4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大感恩节的庆祝时间、历史背景以及现代庆祝方式。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Winter comes a lot earlier in Canada, so our fall harvest happens earlier,
too.(加拿大的冬天来得更早，所以我们的秋季收获也来得更早。)”可知，加拿大在10月庆祝感恩节是因
为冬天来得更早，秋季收获也相应提前。故选B。
5．词句猜测题。根据上文“Winter comes a lot earlier in Canada, so our fall harvest happens earlier, too.(加拿大
的冬天来得更早，所以我们的秋季收获也来得更早。)”可知，加拿大冬天来得更早，秋季收获也相应提
前。由此可知，加拿大将感恩节定为十月的第二个星期一，那时天气仍然适合户外活动。amenable在这里
的意思是“适合的，适宜的”。因此，选项B“Suitable（适合的）”是最佳解释。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“some Canadians — including this writer’s extended family — opt to
host their Thanksgiving meal the day before the official Monday holiday, allowing those who drove or flew in for
the long weekend time to journey back home and not have to take an extra day off work.(一些加拿大人，包括这
位作家的亲戚，选择在正式的周一假期前一天举办感恩节宴会，这样那些开车或飞来度过长周末的人就有
时间回家，而不必额外请一天假。)”可知，有些加拿大人提前举办感恩节宴会是为了能够及时回去工作。
故选D。
7．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了加拿大感恩节的庆祝时间、历史由来以及一些现代习俗。因此，最合适
的标题是“加拿大的感恩节”。故选C。
2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）
Since wolves was put on the Endangered Species List, the predators (捕食者) have slowly returned to more
of their habitats. But in every place where wolves recovered, heated debates followed — about their numbers,hunting and trapping rights. However, Minnesota is an exception. Some of the techniques used by Minnesotans to
avoid conflicts may need to be adopted in other states if the predators continue to return.
Minnesota is the only place in the United States to never kill all its wolves. More than 2,700 wolves live in
Minnesota. The wolf population in Minnesota has been remarkably stable, bouncing between 2,400 and 3,000.
That’s well above the original recovery goal of 1,400. The relatively fixed population shows that wolves have
likely already spread to every part of the state that has enough food to support them and is far enough from men.
Despite such high numbers, wolves attack cattle, turkeys and other animals on less than 2% of livestock (牲
畜) operations in Minnesota. As wolf numbers have remained stable for nearly three decades, so have those
conflicts. Farm owners have had mixed results using various methods to scare wolves away. The most adopted
method comes from a farm on the border of Voyageurs National Park, where wolf researchers are building a 6-
foot-high fence around the property. Early results show that wild wolves don’t seem to try to jump fences for food.
However, there are still many unanswered questions, but most importantly to wildlife managers, exactly
what does a healthy wolf population do for the ecosystem? To get the answer, researchers have come to Minnesota
to learn about how wolves behave and survive. Now with GPS and tracking cameras, researchers are getting their
first detailed look at how the secretive predators live all year round.
32．What can we learn about Minnesota?
A．It never kills any of the wolves there.
B．It provides ideal habitats for the wolves.
C．It avoids disturbing normal wolf activities.
D．It succeeds in handling human-wolf co-existence.
33．What does the stability of wolf population indicate?
A．Wolves in Minnesota have adapted to the environment there.
B．The Endangered Species List is effective and well carried out.
C．The original recovery goal is too low and needs to be adjusted.
D．Wolves are widely distributed and distant from human society.
34．What does the author think of building fences?
A．Traditional. B．Rewarding. C．Economical. D．Thoughtful.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Conflicts with Wolves Resolved Harmoniously.
B．Wolf Population Recovered under Protection.
C．Livestock Attacked Less by Wild Wolves.
D．Heated Debate Aroused by Wolf Attacks.
【答案】32．D 33．A 34．B 35．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了灰狼作为濒危物种受到保护后，如何在明尼苏达州实现数量的稳
定恢复，以及人类与狼群和谐共存的方法。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Some of the techniques used by Minnesotans to avoid conflicts may need to
be adopted in other states if the predators continue to return.(明尼苏达人用来避免冲突的一些方法，可能需要
被其他州采用)”以及第三段中“Despite such high numbers, wolves attack cattle, turkeys and other animals on
less than 2% of livestock (牲畜) operations in Minnesota.(尽管数量如此之多，但在明尼苏达州，狼袭击牛、火鸡和其他动物的比例不到2%)”可知，明尼苏达州在人狼共存问题上做得非常成功。因此，明尼苏达州
成功解决了人类与狼的共存问题。故选D。
33．推理判断题。根据第二段“The relatively fixed population shows that wolves have likely already spread to
every part of the state that has enough food to support them and is far enough from men.(相对固定的种群表明，
狼可能已经扩散到州内有足够食物支持且足够远离人类的所有地方)”可知，狼群的数量稳定表明它们已适
应环境，在合适的地方生活得很好。由此可推知，狼群已适应了明尼苏达州的环境。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Early results show that wild wolves don’t seem to try to jump fences for
food.(早期结果显示，野狼似乎不会试图越过栅栏来觅食)可知，筑栅栏是有效的，能够成功阻止狼袭击牲
畜，因此是值得推崇的方法。故选B。
35．主旨大意题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Some of the techniques used by Minnesotans to avoid
conflicts may need to be adopted in other states if the predators continue to return.(明尼苏达州避免冲突的一些
技术可能需要被其他州采用)”以及后文介绍明尼苏达州如何实现人与狼和谐共处，可知文章主要在讲如何
通过经验解决与狼的冲突，所以最佳标题是“Conflicts with Wolves Resolved Harmoniously”（与狼的冲突和
谐解决）。故选A。
3.（2025·辽宁省辽阳市高三期末）
Animals and plants also live and thrive on public squares. This creates opportunities for greater biodiversity
and well-being for the human population. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have studied
at 103 locations in Munich how various factors affect flora and fauna ( 动植物). They advocate a close
examination of local conditions and a more nature-focused approach to the design of public spaces.
Together with his team, Wolfgang Weisser, Professor of Terrestrial Ecology at TUM, looked at such factors
as size, the occurrence of lawn, plant and tree growth, artificial light sources and green in the surroundings of the
103 public squares in Munich. The squares varied from almost entirely sealed (封闭的) to park-like squares.
Their results show, with Munich as an example, how greatly the different spaces can differ in the animals
and other organisms that can live there. At the heavily sealed Marienplatz, the researchers counted only 20
species,
with just one bird and moss species as well as insects and bat species. Meanwhile, at Pfrontener Platz, a space with
lawns, bushes and trees, they found 156 taxa, including 21 different kinds of birds. At Johannisplatz, 118 species
are present, as it has trees, hedges and some grassy areas despite being sealed to a relatively large extent.
Unsurprisingly, more plants are beneficial to many animal species. This is a factor that urban planning
models already take into account. However, the study also shows that lawns, trees and bushes vary widely in terms
of the diversity and numbers of the species they attract. So far, public spaces are designed with humans in mind,
with little consideration to animals and other species.
The researchers concluded that the chances for greater biodiversity are increased if, instead of applying the
same patterns to every location, planners take into account the local conditions and the needs of different species.
To encourage more bee species, for example, they should not only plant nectar-bearing flowers, but also provide
open space as habitat for bees and a source of nest-building material.
8．What does the study at TUM focus on?
A．The best locations for flora and fauna.
B．Factors to be considered in square design.C．The impact of local conditions on biodiversity.
D．The best way for humans and flora and fauna to get along.
9．What can we know from paragraph 3?
A．Animals expand in sealed parks. B．Open parks support more biodiversity.
C．Open parks are not fit for birds to stay. D．Closed parks are as good as open ones.
10．What does the study say about urban greenery?
A．It varies in attracting species. B．It will replace artificial lights.
C．It has nothing to do with species. D．It is well planned in urban buildings.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Enhancing Urban Development: Considering Local Species’ Needs
B．Human-animal Coexistence: Integrating Nature into City Designing
C．Urban Ecosystems: Challenges for Plants and Animals in Urban Spaces
D．Biodiversity in the City: Designing Urban Spaces for Humans and Animals
【答案】8．B 9．B 10．A 11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)的研究，探讨了城市公共空间设计中考虑
当地条件和不同物种需求的重要性，以促进生物多样性。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have studied at 103
locations in Munich how various factors affect flora and fauna (动植物). They advocate a close examination of
local conditions and a more nature-focused approach to the design of public spaces. (慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)的研
究人员在慕尼黑的103个地点研究了各种因素如何影响动植物。他们主张密切检查当地条件，并采取更注
重自然的方法来设计公共空间)”可知，TUM的研究集中在设计公共广场时，影响动植物的各种因素上。
故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段“At the heavily sealed Marienplatz, the researchers counted only 20 species, with
just one bird and moss species as well as insects and bat species. Meanwhile, at Pfrontener Platz, a space with
lawns, bushes and trees, they found 156 taxa, including 21 different kinds of birds. (在高度封闭的玛丽恩广场，
研究人员仅计算出20个物种，包括仅有一种鸟类、苔藓物种以及昆虫和蝙蝠物种。与此同时，在拥有草
坪、灌木和树木的普弗龙纳广场，他们发现了156个分类单元，包括21种不同的鸟类)”可推知，开放的
公园支持更多的生物多样性。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, the study also shows that lawns, trees and bushes vary widely in terms
of the diversity and numbers of the species they attract. (然而，研究还表明，草坪、树木和灌木在吸引物种的
多样性和数量方面存在很大差异)”可知，城市绿化在吸引物种方面存在差异。故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The researchers concluded that the chances for greater biodiversity are
increased if, instead of applying the same patterns to every location, planners take into account the local conditions
and the needs of different species. (研究人员得出结论，如果规划者不仅仅在每个地点应用相同的模式，而
是考虑到当地条件和不同物种的需求，那么增加更大生物多样性的机会就会增加)”及全文可知，整篇文章
主要讨论了城市空间设计中考虑当地条件和不同物种需求的重要性，以促进人类和动物的共存。故选D
项。
4.（2025·云南省红河州、文山州高中毕业生上学期第一次复习统一检测）
In the tropical rainforest, there always exist battles, ones to claim the tree’s dead body and the vast amountof nutrients that it contains. It’s a battle that is fought throughout the natural world, involving a group of organisms
that humans rarely notice.
On the floor of a tropical rainforest, it’s dark, humid and hot, providing ideal conditions for fungi (真菌) .
Humans normally think of fungi as things like this — mushrooms of one kind or another. But these are just the
fruiting bodies. They exist for most of the time hidden in the leaf litter and the earth as a network of fine white
threads.
The threads of competing fungi envelop their victim’s body, releasing enzymes (酶) which digest the tree’s
tissues and unlock the nutrients within. There are a million or so different species of fungi in the tropics. Some
feed on dead plants. Others eat them alive. And some reveal their existence in an eerily beautiful way. In Africa, in
Congo, this is known as chimpanzee fire. The mysterious glow becomes brighter as the fungi digests the tree.
When fungi have fed sufficiently, they develop their reproductive organs.
Each can produce literally billions of spores (孢子) , the tiny particles that carry the species’ genetic
blueprint. Each spore like this has the potential to kill a tree. The spores are so light that they can be carried by the
slightest air currents. At least a billion float above every square meter of rainforest.
Recently, it has been discovered that these spores do far more than just bring death and decay. They are, in
fact, at the very center of the rainforest’s life support system. High in the humid air, the spores combine with
molecules of water. Gradually, they collect into droplets, which fall as rain when they are heavy enough. Over
two-and-a-half meters of rain falls every year in a rainforest. And in the center of almost every raindrop, there is a
fungal spore.
12．What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A．The trees’ dead bodies are now popular.B．Battles for nutrients occur in the rainforest.
C．Wild nature is being conquered by humans. D．People are fully aware of the natural world.
13．What is the role of fungi in a tropical rainforest ecosystem?
A．It forms a network of fine white threads to support each other.
B．It glows to exist in the rainforest and produce billions of spores.
C．It fights against each other to occupy ideal conditions for its living.
D．It decomposes plants and releases nutrients back into the ecosystem.
14．How do fungal spores contribute to the rainforest’s life support system?
A．They combine with water molecules to form raindrops.
B．They facilitate the water cycle by reproducing more spores.
C．They float in the air to cool down the climate in the rainforest.
D．They contribute to dealing with the dead trees and bring new life.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Mysterious Facts in the Rainforest B．The Formation of Fungi in the Rainforest
C．The Challenge Fungi Face in the Rainforest D．The Hidden Power of Rainforest Decomposers
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雨林里，一场场真菌争夺树的死的躯干和它所含的大量营养的战
斗遍及自然界，它们诠释了雨林分解者的隐秘力量。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the tropical rainforest, there always exist battles, ones to claim the tree'sdead body and the vast amount of nutrients that it contains.( 在热带雨林中，总是会有争斗，争夺树木的死的
躯干和它所含的大量营养)”可知，一场场争夺树的死的躯干和它所含的大量营养的战斗遍及雨林。故选
B。
13．推理判断题。，根据第三段中“The threads of competing fungi envelop their victim’s body, releasing
enzymes (酶) which digest the tree’s tissues and unlock the nutrients within.( 相互竞争的真菌缠绕在受害者的
身体上，释放酶，消化树木的组织，释放其中的营养物质)”可推知，真菌在热带雨林生态系统中的作用是
分解植物并将营养物质释放回生态系统。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“High in the humid air, the spores combine with molecules of water.
Gradually, they collect into droplets, which fall as rain when they are heavy enough. (事实上，它们是雨林生命
维持系统的中心。在潮湿的高空空气中，孢子与水分子结合。逐渐地，它们聚集成小水滴，当它们足够重
的时候就会变成雨)”可知，在潮湿的高空空气中，孢子与水分子结合。它们逐渐聚集成水滴，当它们足够
重时，就会以雨的形式落下。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文以及第一段“In the tropical rainforest, there always exist battles, ones to claim the
tree’s dead body and the vast amount of nutrients that it contains. It’s a battle that is fought throughout the natural
world, involving a group of organisms that humans rarely notice. ( 在热带雨林中，总是会有争斗，争夺树木的
死的躯干和它所含的大量营养。这是一场在整个自然界进行的战斗，涉及一群人类很少注意到的生物)”可
知，文章介绍了雨林里，一场场争夺树的死的躯干和它所含的大量营养的战斗遍及自然界，真菌诠释了雨
林分解者的隐秘力量。故文章合适的标题为“雨林分解者隐藏的力量”。故选D。
5.（2025·陕西省宝鸡市高三上学期高考模拟检测（一））
Our bodies were designed for near constant activity and yet, most of us today have trouble finding time to
exercise. This is really unfortunate, considering the fact that physical exercise has been shown time and time again
to help treat depression, which a record number of people suffer from.
According to the researchers from the University of Connecticut (UConn), you don’t need hours at the gym
to cheer up. Simply getting out of the chair and taking a walk around can reduce depression and give you a general
state of well-being.
“We hope this research helps people realize the important public health message that simply going from
doing no physical activity to performing some physical activity can improve their subjective well-being,” says
Gregory Panza, the study’s lead author. “What is even better news for the physically inactive person is that they do
not need to exercise a lot to see these improvements,” Panza continues. “Instead, our results show you will achieve
the best result with light or moderate (强度适中) physical activity.”
This is particularly encouraging news as “light physical activity” is basically walking—simple, standard
walking, the kind where you don’t sweat or notice an increase in breathing or heart rate. And the standard
“moderate physical activity” is walking a 15-20 minute mile with a slight increase in breathing and heart rate —
while you are still able to hold a conversation — as well as mild sweating.
Still, the researchers note that all participants of the study had a generally positive sense of wellbeing and
were generally physically active, so their answers should be explained with that in mind. In addition, the study
only analyzed one point in time. A longitudinal study (纵向研究), which tracks people over time, would offer a
better look at the relationship between exercise and mood.
8．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 1?
A．Everyone is always so busy. B．Cut body needs constant activity.C．Many people suffer from depression. D．It is hard for people to find time to exercise.
9．What can we learn from the research?
A．Its results aren’t what people for.
B．Hard physical exercise is not recommended.
C．Even a small amount of exercise should be valued.
D．Physically active people benefit most from exercise.
10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Their research has limitations.
B．Another study has found the opposite.
C．Further study will be conducted soon.
D．The research failed due to inadequate preparation.
11．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Cheer yourself up B．Feeling down? Walk it off!
C．Overcome your problems D．Be optimistic about your health
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了身体需要持续活动，但如今很多人没时间锻炼，而康涅狄格大
学的研究表明，不需要在健身房花费数小时，只需从椅子上站起来散散步等轻度或中度的身体活动，就能
改善抑郁情绪、提升幸福感，不过研究也存在一定局限性。
8．词义猜测题。根据第一段“Our bodies were designed for near constant activity and yet, most of us today have
trouble finding time to exercise. This is really unfortunate(我们的身体被设计用来接近恒定的活动，然而，今
天大多数人发现很难找到时间来锻炼。这真的很不幸)”可知，我们的身体本就需要持续活动，然而如今大
多数人却很难找到时间锻炼，“This”指代前文提到的“人们很难找到时间锻炼”这件事，D选项符合语境，
故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段““What is even better news for the physically inactive person is that they do not
need to exercise a lot to see these improvements,” Panza continues. “Instead, our results show you will achieve the
best result with light or moderate (强度适中) physical activity.”(“对于不爱运动的人来说，更好的消息是他们
不需要进行大量锻炼来看到这些改善。”潘扎继续说。“相反，我们的结果展示你将通过轻度或中度的身体
活动获得最佳效果。”)”可知，对于缺乏身体活动的人来说，不需要大量运动就能看到改善，少量的运动
（轻度或中度身体活动）就能达到最佳效果，即便是少量运动也应该被重视，故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, the researchers note that all participants of the study had a generally
positive sense of wellbeing and were generally physically active, so their answers should be explained with that in
mind. In addition, the study only analyzed one point in time. A longitudinal study (纵向研究), which tracks
people over time, would offer a better look at the relationship between exercise and mood(然而，研究人员指
出，所有参与研究的人都普遍拥有积极的幸福感，并且通常都进行身体活动，因此他们的回答应该考虑到
这一点。此外，这项研究只分析了某一时间点的数据。一个纵向研究（跟踪人们随时间的推移），将能更
好地观察运动与情绪之间的关系)”可知，研究人员指出参与者普遍幸福感较强且身体较活跃，研究仅分析
了一个时间点，说明该研究存在局限性，故选A项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Our bodies were designed for near constant activity and yet, most of us today
havetrouble finding time to exercise.(我们的身体天生就是为了接近持续的活动而设计的，然而，今天大多数人
却难以找到时间来锻炼)”、第三段““We hope this research helps people realize the important public health
message that simply going from doing no physical activity to performing some physical activity can improve their
subjective well-being,” says Gregory Panza, the study’s lead author. “What is even better news for the physically
inactive person is that they do not need to exercise a lot to see these improvements,” Panza continues. “Instead,
our results show you will achieve the best result with light or moderate (强度适中) physical activity.”(“我们希望
这项研究能帮助人们意识到一个重要的公共卫生信息，那就是仅仅从不进行任何身体活动到进行一些身体
活动，就能提高他们的主观幸福感，”研究的首席作者格雷戈里·潘扎说。“对于不爱运动的人来说，更好
的消息是他们不需要进行大量锻炼来看到这些改善，”潘扎继续说。“相反，我们的结果展示你将通过轻度
或中度的身体活动获得最佳效果。”)”以及最后一段“Still, the researchers note that all participants of the study
had a generally positive sense of wellbeing and were generally physically active, so their answers should be
explained with that in mind. In addition, the study only analyzed one point in time. A longitudinal study (纵向研
究), which tracks people over time, would offer a better look at the relationship between exercise and mood(然
而，研究人员指出，所有参与研究的人都普遍拥有积极的幸福感，并且通常都进行身体活动，因此他们的
回答应该考虑到这一点。此外，这项研究只分析了某一时间点的数据。一个纵向研究（跟踪人们随时间的
推移），将能更好地观察运动与情绪之间的关系)”可知，文章开篇指出人们没时间锻炼很不幸，接着阐述
康涅狄格大学研究表明不需要长时间高强度锻炼，只需起身散散步等轻度或中度活动就能改善情绪、提升
幸福感，最后说明研究的局限性，重点围绕运动改善情绪展开，B选项“Feeling down? Walk it off!(心情低
落？走一走！)”既点明心情低落这一与抑郁相关的情绪问题，又突出通过走路这种简单运动来改善，符合
主旨，故选B项。
题型二 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题
1.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）
Since the first bicycle hit the road, bicyclists have enjoyed racing their bikes. Today, the world’s best riders
gather in Scotland to compete in the UCI Cycling World Championships. Whether the bicyclists are testing their
speed, strength or style, the competition provides a spectacle for cycling fans.
In 2022, around 300,000 fans cheered for their favorite riders at the event. At the same time, over 300
million more watched the global broadcast. This year the championships are expected to be among the top-10
most-watched sporting events in the world.
The men’s and women’s exciting sprint (冲刺) road races are favorites of nearly 230million viewers. Each
race features a mass start, and then riders use their speed and skills to cross the finish line first. Another popular
contest is the men’s and women’s time-trial test of endurance (耐力), which attracts nearly 180 million. Solo
riders race against the clock for the fastest time. Competitors who have the best bike-handling skills and endurance
come out on top. While some enjoy traditional races, others prefer to watch the techniques displayed by the
freestyle riders.
The first version of these World Championships was held in 1893 in Chicago. Over the years, it has become
one of the most important competitions in the cycling world. In its early days, amateur riders would compete on
open roads. However, as cycling became more popular and the number of participants grew, the races were moved
to specially designed courses. This allows for a safer and more controlled environment for the cyclists.The UCI Cycling World Championships are now held in a different location every year, thus including a
wider variety of landscapes in the races. It also gives riders from different countries the chance to experience
different types of conditions and climates. With its excellent reputation and exciting variety of races, the
Championships continue to impress and excite audiences.
28．What does the underlined word “spectacle” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Precious opportunity. B．Fantastic show.
C．Valuable knowledge. D．Wonderful scenery.
29．What is the function of paragraph 3?
A．To stress the intensity of UCI Cycling World Championships.
B．To prove the popularity of UCI Cycling World Championships.
C．To vividly demonstrate the exceptional skills of the competitors.
D．To strongly recommend some most attractive events to readers.
30．Why did the championships abandon open roads?
A．To increase the variety of participants. B．To control the number of athletes.
C．To guarantee the security of cyclists. D．To design more various courses.
31．What does the text focus on?
A．Describing bicycle championships. B．Experiencing exciting competitions.
C．Introducing well-known bicyclists. D．Appreciating cycling techniques.
【答案】28．B 29．B 30．C 31．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了UCI自行车世界锦标赛的受欢迎情况、举办历史以及地点等
情况。
28．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Since the first bicycle hit the road, bicyclists have enjoyed racing their bikes.
Today, the world’s best riders gather in Scotland to compete in the UCI Cycling World Championships. (自从第
一辆自行车上路以来，骑自行车的人就喜欢骑自行车比赛。今天，世界上最好的车手聚集在苏格兰参加
UCI自行车世界锦标赛。)”以及划线词上文“Whether the bicyclists are testing their speed, strength or style,
the competition provides a (无论自行车手是在测试他们的速度、力量还是风格，这场比赛提供了……)”可
知，世界上最好的车手聚集参加UCI自行车世界锦标赛，即比赛为自行车爱好者提供了精彩的表演，故
划线词意思是“精彩的表演”。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段“The men’s and women’s exciting sprint (冲刺) road races are favorites of
nearly 230million viewers. Each race features a mass start, and then riders use their speed and skills to cross the
finish line first. Another popular contest is the men’s and women’s time-trial test of endurance (耐力), which
attracts nearly 180 million. Solo riders race against the clock for the fastest time. Competitors who have the best
bike-handling skills and endurance come out on top. While some enjoy traditional races, others prefer to watch the
techniques displayed by the freestyle riders. (男子和女子激动人心的公路赛是近2.3亿观众的最爱。每一场比
赛都有一个大规模的起跑，然后骑手们利用他们的速度和技能第一个越过终点线。另一项受欢迎的比赛是
男子和女子耐力计时赛，吸引了近1.8亿人。单人车手与时间赛跑，争取最快的时间。拥有最好的自行车
操作技术和耐力的选手将会胜出。虽然有些人喜欢传统的比赛，但其他人更喜欢观看自由式车手展示的技
术。)”可知，第3段的功能是表明UCI自行车世界锦标赛的受欢迎程度。故选B。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, as cycling became more popular and the number of participantsgrew, the races were moved to specially designed courses. This allows for a safer and more controlled
environment for the cyclists. (然而，随着自行车运动越来越受欢迎，参与者越来越多，比赛被转移到专门设
计的赛道上。这为骑车者提供了一个更安全、更可控的环境。)”可知，锦标赛放弃开放道路保证骑行者
的安全。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Since the first bicycle hit the road, bicyclists have enjoyed racing their bikes.
Today, the world’s best riders gather in Scotland to compete in the UCI Cycling World Championships. Whether
the bicyclists are testing their speed, strength or style, the competition provides a spectacle for cycling fans. (自从
第一辆自行车上路以来，骑自行车的人就喜欢骑自行车比赛。今天，世界上最好的车手聚集在苏格兰参加
UCI
自行车世界锦标赛。无论自行车手是在测试他们的速度、力量还是风格，这场比赛都为自行车爱好者提供
了一个壮观的场面。)”以及最后一段“With its excellent reputation and exciting variety of races, the
Championships continue to impress and excite audiences. (凭借其良好的声誉和令人兴奋的各种比赛，锦标赛
继续给观众留下深刻的印象和兴奋。)”结合文章主要介绍了UCI自行车世界锦标赛的受欢迎情况、举办
历史以及地点等情况。可知，文章的重点是描述自行车锦标赛。故选A。
2.（2025·辽宁省辽阳市高三期末）
What did you imagine the future of transportation would look like? Was it up in the air?
A unique vehicle called XTurismo made its appearance at the Detroit Auto Show in early September. The
vehicle resembles an ordinary motorbike you’d see on the freeway—a sleek (造型优美的) design with an
aerodynamic shape.
But what stirred interest in the vehicle is what it doesn’t have, which is a pair of wheels. And it flies.
Instead, it has a landing gear similar to a helicopter and it has six propellers parallel to the ground. Two rotors (转
子) are in front of the bike and the other two on the back. In principle, this might be the world’s first flying bike.
In the video, you can see the bike hovering at a height of around five feet. The placement of the rotors allows the
bike to stabilize midair and stop it from tipping or dipping on one side.
Even with its “earthly” design, it still looks like something out of a science fiction movie. There’s a reason
for that too. The founder and CEO of the company behind this vehicle loved Star Wars movies. XTurismo isn’t as
fast as its counterparts in Hollywood, but it proudly shows that the technology could work. And it’s achievable. “I
wanted to make something from the movie real,” the founder was quoted saying. “It’s a land speeder for the Dark
Side.” Creating something that flies isn’t new to the company. The Delaware-based company is an air-mobility
company that makes drones and other unmanned vehicles.
XTurismo is already being sold in Japan but the company plans on bringing this vision of the future to the
United States in 2023. The estimated price for this baby? A whopping$777,000. The company, however, shared
much more ambitious plans in creating a smaller and more efficient version of the craft by 2025. The smaller
version is planned to be run by electricity and would cost about $50,000.
“We haven’t unlocked the technology to make more efficient engines for flying vehicles that can take them
higher and faster. Moreover, regulations and restrictions also vary from one country to another,” the founder said.
However, even with a 40-minute flight time, the XTurismo is more than enough to inspire engineers about
the possibility of flying through your neighborhood.
4．What does paragraph 3 focus on?
A．The related data of the vehicle.B．The disadvantages of the vehicle.
C．The design theories behind the vehicle.
D．The unique design and flight feature of the vehicle.
5．What is the function of the rotors?
A．To keep the vehicle’s balance in the air. B．To maintain a certain speed.
C．To assist the landing. D．To work as wheels.
6．What can be inferred about the XTurismo?
A．It is the first flying device in the company.
B．It can fly faster than the one in Hollywood movies.
C．It is priced at astronomical $777,000 in the United States.
D．Technical and regulatory factors overshadow its further advances.
7．What is the main topic of this text?
A．An air-mobility company.
B．A smaller version of the XTurismo.
C．A flying bike at the Detroit Auto Show.
D．An elementary land speeder in Star Wars movies.
【答案】4．D 5．A 6．D 7．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在底特律车展上展出的一款名为XTurismo的飞行自行车，
包括其设计、功能、价格以及面临的挑战等方面的内容。
4．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“But what stirred interest in the vehicle is what it doesn’t have, which is a
pair of wheels. And it flies. Instead, it has a landing gear similar to a helicopter and it has six propellers parallel to
the ground. Two rotors (转子) are in front of the bike and the other two on the back. In principle, this might be the
world’s first flying bike. (但引起人们兴趣的是它没有的东西，那就是一对轮子。它会飞。相反，它有一个
类似于直升机的起落架，它有六个平行于地面的螺旋桨。两个转子在自行车的前面，另外两个在后面。原
则上，这可能是世界上第一辆会飞的自行车。)”可知，本段提到它没有轮子，而是可以飞行，具有类似
于
直升机的起落架和六个与地面平行的螺旋桨。接着提到这可能是世界上第一辆飞行自行车即主要介绍了
XTurismo的独特设计和飞行特点。故选D。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“The placement of the rotors allows the bike to stabilize midair and stop
it from tipping or dipping on one side.(转子的位置允许自行车稳定在半空中，并阻止它从倾斜或倾斜在一
边。)”可知，转子的位置可以使自行车在空中保持稳定，防止其向一侧倾斜或下沉。因此，转子的功能
是保持车辆在空中的平衡，故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段创始人所说的话““We haven’t unlocked the technology to make more
efficient engines for flying vehicles that can take them higher and faster. Moreover, regulations and restrictions
also vary from one country to another,” the founder said.(“我们还没有开发出技术，为飞行器制造更高效的
引擎，让它们飞得更高更快。此外，各国的规定和限制也各不相同。”)”可知，XTurismo在技术和法规
方面还存在很多挑战，这些因素阻碍了其进一步发展。因此，可以推断出技术和法规因素阻碍了
XTurismo的进一步发展。故选D。
7．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“A unique vehicle called XTurismo made its appearance at the Detroit AutoShow in early September. The vehicle resembles an ordinary motorbike you’d see on the freeway—a sleek (造型
优美的) design with an aerodynamic shape.(9月初，一款名为XTurismo的独特汽车在底特律车展上亮相。
这辆车和你在高速公路上看到的普通摩托车很像——光滑的设计和空气动力学的外形。)”以及全文内容
可知，文章主要介绍了在底特律车展上展出的一款名为XTurismo的飞行自行车，包括其设计、功能、价
格以及面临的挑战等方面的内容。因此，C选项“A flying bike at the Detroit Auto Show.(在底特律车展上
展出的飞行自行车)”符合文章主题。选项C正确。
3.（2025·重庆市重庆市九龙坡区育才中学校高三上学期一模）
The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories
propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the
insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer:
contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to
an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many
other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of
years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew
level.
But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to
circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and
again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight
paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards
and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect
populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The
artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s
feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of
artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? For we’re facing a massive
decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be
leading to this decline,” Fabian said.
8．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly.
C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically.
9．Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______.
A．they can’t keep their balance.
B．they use improper flight attitude.
C．they lose track of which way is up.
D．they are attracted to lights from far away.
10．What is the significance of the research finding?
A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
【答案】8．C 9．C 10．A 11．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了一项对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休
止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造光的方向，更好地保护昆虫。
8．词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文“Popular theories propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by
the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now
researchers believe they have a more convincing answer(流行的理论认为，飞蛾和其他昆虫是靠月亮导航的，
它们把灯误认为是月光，或者是昆虫为了躲避即将到来的危险而飞向光明。现在研究人员相信他们有了一
个更有说服力的答案)”可知，对于昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围这一问题没有标准答案，故可推知
划线短语所在句意为“昆虫为何会在夜间聚集在灯光周围，这一科学问题从未得到明确解释”，推测划线
短语nailed down意为“明确解释”，与Defined accurately意义相近。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段中“According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College
London entomologist, moths and many other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to
wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told
insects which way was up and ensured they flew level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves
tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by
their evolution.(该研究的合著者、伦敦帝国理工学院的昆虫学家萨姆·法比安博士说，飞蛾和许多其他在
夜间飞行的昆虫进化成向最亮的地方倾斜背部。数百万年来，这是天空，而不是地上。这个把戏告诉昆虫
哪条路是向上的，并确保它们飞得水平。但后来出现了人工照明。飞蛾发现自己把背靠在路灯上。这导致
它们无休止地绕着灯转，这些昆虫被它们的进化困住了)”可知，法比安的研究发现，飞蛾在灯周围无休
止地盘旋，因为它们不知道哪条路是向上的。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. ‘What this
tells us is that the direction of artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects?
For we’re facing a massive decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors
that could potentially be leading to this decline,’ Fabian said.(Fabian相信，这项研究有一些有益的教
训。‘这告诉我们，人造光的方向很重要。我们能不能改变照明环境，让昆虫不被困住？因为我们正面临
着全球昆虫数量的大
幅下降，而夜间的人造光是可能导致这种下降的因素之一，’ Fabian说)”可推知，这项研究结果的意义
是告诉我们可以改变人造光的方向，使昆虫不被困住，从而更好地保护昆虫。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Now researchers believe they have a more convincing
answer: contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly
close to an artificial light source.(现在研究人员相信他们有了一个更有说服力的答案：与目前的理论相反，昆虫不会被远处的光吸引，但如果它们飞得离人造光源很近，就会被困住)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项
对昆虫夜晚趋光的研究，研究发现昆虫被进化困住，无休止地围绕人工照明转，这启示我们可以改变人造
光的方向，更好地保护昆虫，所以B项“为什么人造光和进化会困住昆虫？”符合题意。故选B。
4.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考）
Your phone has a screen that displays images and videos. The screen uses tiny dots known as pixels (像素)
that consist of three primary colors: red, green and blue. By mixing these colors in different ways, your phone can
show you everything from beautiful beach scenes to cute puppies.
Now imagine something similar for smells. Scientists are developing digital scent technology that uses a
small number of different cartridges (暗盒) , each containing a specific scent. Just like how pixels mix the three
basic colors to create images, these scent cartridges could mix to create different smells. Just as images on your
phone are made of digital codes that represent combinations of pixels, smells produced by a future phone could be
created through digital codes. Each smell could have a specific recipe made up of different amounts of the
ingredients in the cartridges.
When you receive a digital scent code, your phone could mix tiny amounts of the different scents from the
cartridges to create the desired smell. This mix would then be released through a small vent on the phone, allowing
you to smell it. With just a few cartridges, your phone could potentially create a huge variety of smells, much like
how red, green and blue pixels can create countless colors.
Creating a phone that can produce smells involves several challenges. One is designing a system that can
produce thousands of different smells using only a few cartridges. Another is how to control how strong a scent
should be and how long a phone should send it out. And phones will also need to sense odors near them and
convert those to digital codes so your friends’ phones can send smells to you. The cartridges should also be easy to
refill, and the chemicals in them should be safe to breathe. These hurdles make it a tricky but exciting area of
research.
28．What enables a phone screen to present diverse visual contents from paragraph 1?
A．Special sensors detecting colors. B．A unique way for color reflection.
C．Advanced software for image generation. D．Pixels of three primary colors in combination.
29．What can we learn about digital scent from paragraph 2?
A．It is created by using cartridges. B．It’s a fully-developed technology.
C．It comes from the same cartridges. D．It is related to images on mobile phones.
30．What is one of the troubles scientists face when developing digital scent technology?
A．Creating new scents that don’t exist in nature.
B．Combining all primary colors to produce one smell.
C．Regulating the strength and duration of scents.
D．Finding a way to emit scents that last for a long time.
31．What is the main idea of the text?
A．A comparison between image combination and smell production.
B．The development and challenges of digital scent technology.
C．The advantages of updating a phone that can display images.
D．The history and future of complex phone technology.【答案】28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了数字气味技术，包括它的开发过程和潜力，以及其面临的诸多挑
战。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段“The screen uses tiny dots known as pixels (像素) that consist of three primary
colors: red, green and blue. By mixing these colors in different ways, your phone can show you everything from
beautiful beach scenes to cute puppies.(屏幕使用被称为像素的小点，由红、绿、蓝三种原色组成。通过以不
同的方式混合这些颜色，你的手机可以显示从美丽的海滩景色到可爱的小狗的一切。)”可知，让手机屏
幕呈现多样化的视觉内容的是三种原色的像素组合。故选D。
29． 细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists are developing digital scent technology that uses a small number of
different cartridges (暗盒) , each containing a specific scent.(科学家们正在开发数字气味技术，该技术使用少
量不同的暗盒，每个暗盒含有一种特定的气味。)”可知，数字气味技术是通过使用包含特定气味的暗盒
来创建的。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Another is how to control how strong a scent should be and how long a
phone should send it out. (另一个是如何控制气味的强度，以及手机应该发出多长时间。)”可知，科学家在
开发数字气味技术时面临的一个挑战是如何调节气味的强度和持续时间。故选C。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Scientists are developing digital scent technology that uses a
small number of different cartridges (暗盒) , each containing a specific scent.(科学家们正在开发数字气味技
术，该技术使用少量不同的暗盒，每个暗盒含有一种特定的气味。)”和最后一段“Creating a phone that
can produce smells involves several challenges.(制造一款可以产生气味的手机涉及几个挑战。)”可知，文章
主要介绍了数字气味技术，包括它的开发过程和潜力，以及其面临的诸多挑战。因此，本文的主旨是B
选项The development and challenges of digital scent technology.(数字气味技术的发展与挑战。)。故选B。
5.（2025·湖北省武汉市第一中学高三联考）
When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of
time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our
concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change.
The English language frequently employs the noun“time,” yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it.
Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s
complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the
universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it.
Many science fiction quotes touch on time. Ray Cummings’ 1919 novel, The Girl in the Golden Atom,
offers a memorable quote: “Time is what keeps everything from happening at once,” implying time’s structural
role in the universe. Blake Crouch’s Recursion presents a contrasting view: “Time is a false image, a concept
made out of human memory.”
Robert Charles Wilson’s Spin explores various forms of time, from personal measurement to cosmic scales,
emphasizing our challenging relationship with it. S. D．Unwin’s One Second Per Second suggests time as chaos
within a cosmic plan, with people and civilizations as its playthings. Robert V. S. Redick’s Vanishing Point
describes time as a trick due to our comprehension of time’s flow.
Captain Jean-Luc Picard from Star Trek says, “Time is a companion who reminds us to cherish every
moment,” emphasizing its value. David Brin’s Brightness Reef describes time as a cruel judge, punishing even the
successful and brilliant. Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening humanachievements in the vastness of time.
Time travel, a major topic of science fiction, is often discussed. H. G. Wells’ 1895 novel The Time Machine
poses the enduring question of whether moving backward and forward in time is possible. These quotes from
science fiction highlight our troubled relationship with time and encourage us to think more deeply about its
reality.
8．What is the overall tone of the text?
A．Inquiring. B．Pessimistic. C．Persuasive. D．Definitive.
9．What can be learned about time from paragraph 2?
A．Time is easy to understand but has a complex nature in science.
B．Time is a common concept in daily life well corresponding with scientific reality.
C．Daily experiences often go against scientific understandings of time.
D．Quantum physics has no impact on our understanding of time.
10．What does Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships emphasize?
A．Time as a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment.
B．The insignificance of human successes in the long history of time.
C．The possibility to move backward and forward in time at will.
D．A false belief due to our comprehension of time’s flow.
11．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The history of time and famous quotes in science fiction.
B．The definition of time in scientific terms and time travel.
C．The relationship between time and daily life.
D．The science of time and its exploration in science fiction.
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep
exploration of the nature of time.(当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质)” 暗
示了文章是在进行一种探索或询问。接着，文章通过引用多个科幻作品中的观点，展示了人们对时间的不
同理解和看法，进一步体现了这种探究的语气。可知，文章的整体语调是探究式的。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“The English language frequently employs the noun “time,” yet we lack a
satisfactory explanation for it. Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict
each other, suggesting time’s complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never
correspond with its reality in the universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it.(英语中经常使用名
词“时间”，但我们缺乏一个令人满意的解释。关于时间，量子力学和日常经验常常相互矛盾，表明时间
的复杂性和模糊性。我们对时间的心理概念可能永远不会与宇宙中的现实相符，但这不应该阻止我们探索
它)”可知，日常经验常常与科学对时间的理解相违背。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature,
darkening human achievements in the vastness of time.(史蒂芬·巴克斯特的《时间之船》抓住了时间令人恐
惧的本质，在时间的浩瀚中遮蔽了人类的成就)”可知，史蒂芬·巴克斯特的《时间之船》强调在漫长的
历史长河中，人类成功的微不足道。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep
exploration of the nature of time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no
definitive definition. Our concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend
change.(当科幻小说和时间科学相遇时，它们邀请我们深入探索时间的本质。尽管时间在日常生活中无处
不在，但它仍然是一个谜，没有明确的定义。我们的时间概念可能是一种思维捷径，是我们有限的大脑理
解变化的工具)”以及文章主要列举了一些科幻小说中对于时间的探究和作者对时间的看法。可知，这篇
文章主要讲了科幻小说中的时间科学及其探索。故选D。
题型三 阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题
1.（2025·山东省德州市优高联盟九校联考）
There was a young girl in China who was initially engaged in making hairpins. She was quite skilled,
creating various delicate hairpins with traditional Chinese elements. However, her work was mainly within a
certain range of styles.
One day, a message in the comment section of her post caught her attention. Someone suggested that she
could try making the hidden weapons described in novels. Inspired by this idea, she decided to make a change.
When she began making the hidden weapons, numerous difficulties emerged. Firstly, there was a lack of
real prototypes for reference. She could only rely on the descriptions in novels and her imagination to figure out
the shapes and structures. Secondly, the size setting was a great challenge. The hidden weapons needed to be small
enough to be concealed easily, but at the same time, they had to possess the basic functions and deadliness of
weapons. For example, making a dagger (短剑) that could be hidden in a sleeve or a small section required precise
measurement and design. Moreover, the mechanism of quickly taking out and transforming the weapons was
extremely complicated. She had to experiment with various materials and designs to ensure that the hidden
weapons could be smoothly and rapidly taken out in a simulated combat situation.
She spent a lot of time and effort on this new pursuit. She carefully selected materials and used her
craftsmanship to transform simple materials into realistic and cool hidden weapons. Her works, such as a sharp
and beautifully decorated dagger, gradually gained popularity on the Internet. Through her creations, more and
more people, especially young people, became interested in the traditional weapon culture in China. She realized
that her work could not only show her creativity but also carry forward Chinese traditional culture.
For her future, she is determined to continue exploring and innovating in this field to let the charm of
Chinese traditional culture shine brightly in the whole world.
24．What was the girl mainly doing at first?
A．Producing hairpins with Chinese features. B．Designing modern and fashionable hairpins.
C．Creating hidden weapons inspired by novels. D．Making hidden weapons with limited design
styles.
25．Why did the girl want to make a change?
A．Her failure in making traditional hairpins.
B．A piece of advice from an online follower.
C．A request to change her styles from a customer.
D．Her inspiration when reading novels about hidden weapons.
26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The basic functions of hidden weapons. B．The origin and history of hidden weapons.C．The difficulties in making hidden weapons. D．The precise measurement and designs of hidden
weapons.
27．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Girl Who Made Beautiful Weapons
B．Difficulties in Making Hidden Weapons
C．The Popularity of Chinese Traditional Weapons
D．From Hairpin Maker to Hidden Weapon Creator
【答案】24．A 25．B 26．C 27．D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个原本制作发夹的女孩，因为网友的建议开始制作隐藏武
器，说明了其中的困难以及女孩对未来的规划。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“There was a young girl in China who was initially engaged in making hairpins.
She was quite skilled, creating various delicate hairpins with traditional Chinese elements.(在中国有一个年轻的
女孩，她最初是做发夹的。她非常熟练，用中国传统元素制作了各种精致的发夹)”可知，这个女孩一开
始主要生产具有中国特色的发夹。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Someone suggested that she could try making the hidden weapons described in
novels. Inspired by this idea, she decided to make a change.(有人建议她可以尝试制作小说中描述的隐藏武
器。受到这个想法的启发，她决定做出改变)”可知，这个女孩想要改变是因为一个网友的建议。故选
B。
26．主旨大意题。根据第三段的主要内容，尤其主旨句“When she began making the hidden weapons,
numerous difficulties emerged. (当她开始制作隐藏武器时，出现了许多困难)”可知，第三段主要讲了制造
隐藏武器的困难。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。根据第二段“One day, a message in the comment section of her post caught her attention.
Someone suggested that she could try making the hidden weapons described in novels. Inspired by this idea, she
decided to make a change. (一天，她帖子评论区的一条信息引起了她的注意。有人建议她可以尝试制作小
说中描述的隐藏武器。受到这个想法的启发，她决定做出改变)”结合文章主要讲述了一个原本制作发夹
的女孩，因为网友的建议开始制作隐藏武器，说明了其中的困难以及女孩对未来的规划。可知，D选
项“从发夹制造者到隐藏武器创造者”最符合文章标题。故选D。
2.（2025·重庆市南开中学高三第五次质量检测）
Many factors can influence whether a patient lives or dies. The quality of the drugs they receive, the rigour
with which their symptoms are monitored, or — more surprisingly — the gender of the attending physician.
A 2017 study by Yusuke Tsugawa and colleagues published in JAMA Internal Medicine analyzed medical
records of 1.5 million hospitalized older adults from 2011 to 2014. The study revealed that patients treated by
female physicians had a 4% lower risk of death and readmission within 30 days compared to those treated by male
physicians. And more recent studies have supported the finding.
These studies are connected to the past findings, looking back at naturally occurring data rather than
randomized-controlled (随机对照) experiments. This could conceal any underlying factors that might be driving
the effect. For example, it could be that female physicians tend to be assigned healthier patients than their male
colleagues. In an experiment where patients were randomly assigned doctors, any such links would be broken.
To control for such effects, most studies try to account for the impact of different hospitals and proceduresin their analysis, with some comparing across groups of patients who are matched for age, sex, and illness
severity, as well as groups of surgeons matched by age and surgical experience. No matter how the data are sliced,
female physicians seem to perform better.
Researchers say the next step is to figure out why. Dr. Christopher Wallis, the lead author on several of the
Canadian papers, suggests, “I think it’s a series of behaviors that are linked with gender. Female physicians tend to
spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care, and tend to stick more closely to clinical
guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could minimize the risk of preventable deaths.” Further
investigation into the factors contributing to these differences may enhance healthcare quality and equity across
the medical profession.
8．What can we learn from Yusuke Tsugawa’s study?
A．Doctor’s gender decides the patient survival rate.
B．Men doctors’ patients are more likely to be hospitalized.
C．Patients treated by women doctors have better outcomes.
D．Women doctors are more competent than male ones.
9．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Benefits of random trials. B．Approaches of the researches.
C．Practices of controlled experiments. D．Limitations of the studies.
10．To regulate such effects, most studies are conducted by ________.
A．focusing on patients with severe illnesses
B．considering a set of controlled factors
C．using the same treatment plan in every hospital
D．comparing the data from randomized patients
11．According to Dr. Christopher, women doctors tend to ________.
A．recommend health choices
B．rely on experience in treatment
C．rush through patient consultations
D．challenge traditional medical practices
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文，阐述了医生性别对患者治疗结果可能存在的影响，以及相关研究的情况与后续
研究方向等内容。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“The study revealed that patients treated by female physicians had a 4% lower
risk of death and readmission within 30 days compared to those treated by male physicians.(该研究显示，与男性
医生治疗的患者相比，女性医生治疗的患者在30天内死亡和再入院的风险降低了4%)”可知，女性医生
治疗的患者在30天内死亡和再入院的风险降低了4%，由此可知，女医生治疗的患者有更好的结果。故选
C项。
9．主旨大意题。根据第三段“This could conceal any underlying factors that might be driving the effect. For
example, it could be that female physicians tend to be assigned healthier patients than their male colleagues.(这可
能掩盖了任何潜在的影响因素。例如，女性医生可能比她们的男同事更容易被分配到更健康的患者)”可
知，研究可能掩盖了潜在的影响因素，第三段主要讨论了研究的局限性。故选D项。10．细节理解题。根据第四段“To control for such effects, most studies try to account for the impact of
different hospitals and procedures in their analysis, with some comparing across groups of patients who are
matched for age, sex, and illness severity, as well as groups of surgeons matched by age and surgical experience.
(为了控制这种效应，大多数研究试图在分析中考虑不同医院和程序的影响，有些研究比较了年龄、性别
和疾病严重程度相匹配的患者群体，以及按年龄和手术经验匹配的外科医生群体)”可知，为了调节这种
效应，大多数研究是通过考虑一组受控因素进行的。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据第五段“Female physicians tend to spend more time with patients, are more likely to
provide preventive care, and tend to stick more closely to clinical guidelines than their male colleagues do.(女医
生往往花更多时间与患者在一起，更有可能提供预防性护理，并且比她们的男同事更严格地遵循临床指
南)”可知，女医生更有可能提供预防性护理，并且比她们的男同事更严格地遵循临床指南。由此可知，
女医生倾向于推荐健康的选择。故选A项。
3.（2025·河北省保定市高三期末）
When I looked at the Pennington Day dog show’s Look-Alike Contest in suburban New Jersey in the
mid-1990s, I had all the confidence of a young girl assured of victory. After all, her puppy had long, floppy ears
that perfectly matched her wavy, blond bob.
Turns out, there is actual science to back up the stereotype (模式化观念) that dogs look like their owners.
A recent review of 15 studies from around the globe suggests that not only people and their pets look and act
similarly, but that the similarities between their personalities deepen over time.
In many of the studies, scientists asked study volunteers to match pictures of dogs and their owners, which
they did better than they would just by chance. Another found that women often had hair of a similar length to the
dogs’ ears. So what gives? Experts suspect people choose dogs that look like them or reflect them in some way.
The review also showed that dogs and owners have similar personality characteristics, especially
extroversion and neuroticism, and that their temperaments (性情) appeared to grow more alike. The study offers
different theories for why, including that owners may be drawn to dogs that are like them to begin with, and as
they age together, the two species may regulate each other’s emotions, reinforce each other’s behavior, or learn
together.
“It resembles (像) the way we also look for our partners,” says study leader Yana Bender, a doctoral
researcher in the DogStudies Research Group in Germany. Dogs and their owners share “a very close
relationship...comparable to many human relationships.”
Authors of the review also noted that the number of dogs and owners included in the studies are relatively
small. Many of the owners who volunteered to participate in the studies also had purebred dogs, and scientists
need more data on hybrid dogs, which are more common worldwide. Additionally, owner bias plays a role:
Without a standardized way to assess dogs’ personalities, scientists must ask people to evaluate their own pets,
who can be as hard to think about objectively as your human family.
8．Why does the author mention the Look-Alike Contest in the first paragraph?
A．To lead in the topic. B．To introduce the contest.
C．To give an example. D．To explain the background.
9．What can be inferred from the text?
A．People and their pets have similar hairstyles.
B．People and their pets mirror each other to some extent.C．Dogs and their partners share a very close relationship.
D．The similarities between dogs and owners weaken over time.
10．What do we know about dogs and owners in paragraph 4?
A．They share the same personality characteristics.
B．They resemble in appearance and age.
C．The dogs may be attracted by owners who look like them.
D．They influence each other in terms of behavior and emotion.
11．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The background of the research. B．The focus of the research.
C．The limitations of the research. D．The prospect of the research.
【答案】8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，探讨了狗与主人在外貌和性格上的相似性，并提供了科学研究支持这一观
点。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“After all, her puppy had long, floppy ears that perfectly matched her wavy, blond
bob.(她的小狗有着和她一样的长而柔软的耳朵与她的卷曲的金发完美匹配)”，可以推知作者提及比赛是
为了引出话题，讨论狗与主人之间的相似性。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent review of 15 studies from around the globe suggests that not only
people and their pets look and act similarly, but that the similarities between their personalities deepen over time.
最近对全球15项研究的回顾表明，不仅人类和他们的宠物看起来和行为相似，而且他们性格之间的相似
之处也随着时间的推移而加深)”可以推知，人和宠物在某种程度上反映了彼此。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段中“the two species may regulate each other’s emotions, reinforce each
other’s behavior, or learn together.(这两种物种可能会调节彼此的情绪、强化彼此的行为，或一起学
习)”可知，狗和主人在行为和情感方面相互影响。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Authors of the review also noted that the number of dogs and owners
included in the studies are relatively small. Many of the owners who volunteered to participate in the studies also
had purebred dogs, and scientists need more data on hybrid dogs, which are more common worldwide.
Additionally, owner bias plays a role: Without a standardized way to assess dogs’ personalities, scientists must
ask people to evaluate their own pets, who can be as hard to think about objectively as your human family.( 该综
述的作者还指出，研究中包括的狗和主人的数量相对较少。许多自愿参加研究的狗主人也养了纯种狗，科
学家们需要更多关于杂交狗的数据，这种狗在世界范围内更为常见。此外，主人的偏见也起到了一定的作
用：没有一种标准化的方法来评估狗的个性，科学家们必须让人们评估自己的宠物，这些宠物可能和你的
人类家庭一样难以客观地思考)”可知，说明了研究的局限性。最后一段主要讲了研究的局限性。故选
C。
4.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考）
In the last two years, tennis has taken over our closets, our screens and now — our living rooms, furniture
from thrown tennis balls.
At least that is the hope of Belgian eco-designer Mathilde Wittock, who fashions furniture from thrown
tennis balls. Wittock’s chase longues (躺椅) are entirely cushionless — save for the filling of 500 precisely
arranged tennis balls. Her one-meter-long benches are similarly few and far between, with some 270 balls beingboth stylish and structurally substantial.
Around 300 million tennis balls are produced each year — and almost all of them end up in landfills, taking
over 400 years to decompose (分解). Wittock estimates the lifecycle of a ball stands at just nine games, depending
on the level of tennis being played.
It takes Wittock around three to four weeks to build a chair. Every ball is cut and dyed by hand, with colors
picked out especially to fit the client’s space. It was through much trial and error that she was able to use the shape
of the ball while masking some of its all-too-easily- recognized features. “I needed to find an assembly that
changed the iconic appearance of the tennis balls,” she said. “It’s yellow and has these white lines. How do I deal
with them?”
Wittock started to see the design’s possibilities of the sporting equipment when she was studying at Central
Saint Martins, an art school in London. Today, she receives all her materials via donations from tennis clubs.
Collections began small — sometimes with just 10 tossed balls at a time — but quickly grew. Now, Wittock
works with the Federation of Wallonia in Brussels, who have offered her their entire stock — around 100,000.
How long will it last? “It’s enough for a few months,” she said. “If things get wild, maybe it will last nine months.
Because I have a rhythm of cutting tennis balls. I can get through 1,800 per week.”
24．Why are the numbers listed in paragraph 2?
A．To highlight a waste. B．To promote a product.
C．To state the material of furniture. D．To show tennis’ popularity.
25．What function does paragraph 3 act as?
A．A background. B．An example. C．A definition. D．A proof.
26．What does Wittock have to do to handle the thrown tennis balls?
A．She cleans them cleverly. B．She asks her friends for help.
C．She uses their characteristics. D．She adjusts their colors accordingly.
27．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Wittock’s work plans. B．Wittock’s stuff sources.
C．Wittock’s pride in profits. D．Wittock’s education experience.
【答案】24．C 25．A 26．D 27．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍的是比利时生态设计师玛蒂尔德·维托克用仍掉的网球制作家具的
事。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Wittock’s chaise longues (躺椅) are entirely cushionless—save for the
filling of 500 precisely arranged tennis balls. Her one-meter-long benches are similarly few and far between, with
some 270 balls being both stylish and structurally substantial.(维托克的长躺椅完全没有垫子——除了装上500
个精确排列的网球。她的1米长的板凳同样是罕见的，大约有270个球制成，既时尚又坚固。)”可知，
第二段中的数字表明的是维托克制作家具用到的材料数量。故选C项。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段的内容“Around 300 million tennis balls are produced each year—and almost all
of them end up in landfills, taking over 400 years to decompose (分解). Wittock estimates the lifecycle of a ball
stands at just nine games, depending on the level of tennis being played.(每年大约生产3亿个网球，几乎所有
的网球最终都被送到了垃圾填埋场，需要400多年才能分解。维托克估计，一个球的生命周期仅为九场比
赛，这取决于网球的水平。)”可知，维托克认为每年有大量的网球被当作垃圾扔掉了，所以，他想到了用网球制作家具，所以第三段是维托克想到用网球制作家具的背景。故选A项。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“It takes Wittock around three to four weeks to build a chair. Every ball
is cut and dyed by hand, with colors picked out especially to fit the client’s space.(维托克制作一把椅子大约需
要三到四周的时间。每个球都是手工裁剪和染色的，颜色特别适合客户的空间。)”可知，维托克要根据
客户的空间给网球染色。故选D项。
27．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的句子“Today, she receives all her materials via donations from tennis clubs.
Collections began small— sometimes with just 10 tossed balls at a time— but quickly grew. Now, Wittock
works with the Federation of Wallonia in Brussels, who have offered her their entire stock— around 100,000.(如
今，她所有的材料都是通过网球俱乐部的捐赠获得的。起初收集的球很少——有时一次只有10个——但
很快就增加了。现在，维托克在布鲁塞尔的瓦隆尼亚联盟工作，他们给了她全部的存货——大约10
万。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是维托克的材料来源。故选B项。
5.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市大庆中学高三期末）
“Keep learning and strive to be the best in your field” is the motto of Xu Zhenchao, a 74-year-old
technician at Shandong Port Group’s Qingdao Port in Shandong province. It’s an ethic that has guided him
throughout his career, leading to his recent recognition as a “People’s Craftsman”.
When he started working at the port in 1974, he operated a lifting machine. To swiftly master the skill, Xu
dedicated himself to practicing for hours and finally achieved proficiency. Xu's professionalism saw him selected
as one of the first container bridge crane (起重机) operators in 1984. By studying diligently, Xu gradually became
an expert in operating and repairing bridge cranes. In 2000, when the port initiated the construction of a new
terminal. Xu was appointed as the chief commander overseeing the installation of cranes. After more than 40 days
of hard work, a massive bridge crane, weighing l,300 metric tons and towering 75 meters high, finally stood on the
expansive dock at Qianwan. The advanced crane equipment enabled Xu and his colleagues to set a world record
for container handling by unloading 3,400 standard containers from a ship and loading them onto trucks in just six
hours.
In 2006, after two years of technical research and development, Xu and his team converted (改造) diesel-
powered (柴油动力) tire cranes to run on electricity, saving the port 20 million yuan a year in operating costs and
eliminating air pollution.
“He is a man born for the port,” said Guo Lei, his apprentice (学徒), who is now an expert crane operator,
“He shows technical workers the importance of learning and innovating.”
4．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．Xu’s anticipations. B．Xu’s achievements.
C．Xu’s career challenges. D．Xu’s educational background.
5．What did Xu and his team achieve in 2006?
A．Establishing a new terminal at Qianwan.
B．Setting a world record for container handling
C．Reducing cost and protecting the environment.
D．Installing a massive bridge crane on the dock.
6．How does the author develop the text?
A．By listing the causes. B．By comparing the contributions.C．By summarizing the events. D．By following the order of events,
7．What can we learn from Xu’s story?
A．Two heads are better than one.
B．A slow sparrow should make an early start
C．Learning and innovating are key to success.
D．Science and technology are the primary productive forces.
【答案】4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C
【解析】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了港口技术工人徐振超不断学习，努力钻研，成为了一名优秀的起重机
操作员，并带领他的团队获得世界集装箱记录的故事。
4．主旨大意题 。根据第二段第一句“When he started working at the port in 1974, he operated a lifting
machine. To swiftly master the skill, Xu dedicated himself to practicing for hours and finally achieved proficiency.
(1974年，当他开始在港口工作时，他操作的是一台起重机。为了迅速掌握这项技能，徐投入了数小时的
练习，最终达到了熟练的程度。)”和“By studying diligently, Xu gradually became an expert in operating and
repairing bridge cranes. In 2000, when the port initiated the construction of a new terminal. Xu was appointed as
the chief commander overseeing the installation of cranes. (通过努力学习，徐逐渐成为操作和修理桥式起重机
的专家。2000年，当港口开始建设一个新的码头。徐被任命为监督起重机安装的总指挥。)”可知，本段
主要讲述了徐振超的工作成就。故答案是B。
5．细节理解题 。根据第二段的“In 2006, after two years of technical research and development, Xu and his
team converted(改造)diesel-powered(柴油动力)tire cranes to run on electricity, saving the port 20 million yuan a
year in operating costs and eliminating air pollution.( 2006年，经过两年的技术研发，徐和他的团队将柴油驱
动的轮胎起重机转换为电力驱动，每年为港口节省了2000万元的运营成本，并消除了空气污染。)”可
知，徐和他的团队在2006年降低成本，保护环境。故答案是C。
6．推理判断题。根据文章中出现的“When he started working at the port in 1974, he operated a lifting
machine.( 当他1974年开始在港口工作时，他操作的是起重机器。)”“ Xu's professionalism saw him
selected as one of the first container bridge crane (起重机) operators in 1984.( 1984年，他被选为第一批集装箱
桥式起重机操作员之一。)”“ In 2000, when the port initiated the construction of a new terminal. Xu was
appointed as the chief commander overseeing the installation of cranes.( 2000年，当港口开始建设一个新的码
头。徐被任命为监督起重机安装的总指挥。)”和“In 2006…”可推断，作者是通过遵循事件的顺序发展
本文的。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段““He is a man born for the port,” said Guo Lei, his apprentice (学徒), who
is now
an expert crane operator, “He shows technical workers the importance of learning and innovating.” (“他是为
港口而生的人，”他的徒弟郭磊说，“他向技术工人展示了学习和创新的重要性。”郭磊现在是一名专业
的起重机操作员。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述港口技术工人徐振超不断学习，努力钻研，成为
了一名优秀的起重机操作员，并带领他的团队获得世界集装箱记录的故事。从中我们可以学到学习和创新
是成功的关键。故选C。Passage 1
1.（2025·江苏省常州市高三质量调研）
Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode
of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his
Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over
the past decade.
Born in France in 1960, Vermander has been fond of painting since childhood. However, damage to sight
and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being
“clean”.
The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by
the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting. “In this art form, I could find my own way of expression. I
also realized that I could create much more freely than in classical Western painting, as even the ‘not clean’ part of
my works can be a good part of a creation with ink. So, I decided to shift my focus on Chinese ink painting,”
Vermander says. Since then, he has visited many places across China to study Chinese painting.
“Every one of my Chinese ink paintings is also a philosophical article,” he adds. For him, a good work —
of either art or philosophy — should allow diversity in meaning, as each one can have a different connection to his
work. Vermander regards his paintings as integrated expressions of himself with daily life. Through the ink brush,
he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart. “What I like most in Chinese ink painting
is the freedom it allows you. I am not skilled in Western painting as I have bad eyes, and it is not my character to
be cautious, careful and plan everything. With Chinese ink painting, I could liberate my inner wildness. My only
future goal is to have more time for painting — that’s it,” he says, laughing.
4．What challenges did Vermander face in his early painting career?
A．Physical problems. B．Nationality issues. C．Mental sufferings. D．Colleagues’ jealousy.
5．Vermander is interested in Chinese ink painting because of ________.
A．its wildness B．its nature C．his visits to China D．his love for China
6．Which of the following is true about Vermander’s ink paintings?
A．They are connected to his inner feelings. B．They are criticized for not being clean.
C．They have a single and clear meaning. D．They integrate Chinese and Western styles.
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．The style and techniques of Chinese ink painting.
B．The comparison between Western and Chinese art.
C．A foreigner finding himself in Chinese ink painting.
D．A phenomenon waiting for an art foreigner to explain.
【答案】4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了法国教授Benoit Vermander（中文名魏明德）对中国水墨画的热
爱、学习及其作品特点。4．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his
painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”.(然而，视力和听力的损伤使他很难
提高他的绘画技巧，他的笔触被评价为不“干净”)”可知，Vermander在他早期的绘画生涯中面临的挑战
是身体问题。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China
and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting.(转折点出现在1987年，当时
Vermander第一次访问中国，并被中国水墨画的历史和意义所吸引)”以及最后一段“ What I like most in
Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. (我最喜欢中国水墨画的是它给你的自由)”可知，
Vermander之所以对中国水墨画感兴趣，是因为其本质。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the
movement of his heart.(他希望通过笔墨来表现自己内心的探索和内心的运动)”可知，关于Vermander的水
墨画，A选项“它们与他的内心感受有关”正确。故选A。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of
Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu,
Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink
paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. (复旦大学哲学学院的法籍教授Benoit Vermander
在中国水墨画中发现了一种自由的自我表达方式。Vermander的艺名是Bendu，他的中文名是魏明德，他
将展出60多幅中国水墨画，其中大部分是他在过去十年创作的)”结合本文讲述了法国教授Benoit
Vermander对中国水墨画的热爱、学习及其作品特点。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一个外国人在中国水
墨画中发现了自己。故选C。
2.（2025·江苏省常州市高三质量调研）
Google’s recently introduced Willow quantum chip (量子芯片) is a significant breakthrough in the field of
quantum computing. It has 105 physical quantum bits and can complete a complex benchmark (基准) calculation
in less than five minutes, while the fastest common computer would take 1025 years for the same task. This chip
represents a major technological breakthrough as it solves the long-standing problem of quantum error correction.
The working mechanism of Willow is centered around its advanced error correction processes. It uses
quantum correction codes, where multiple physical quantum bits are networked to create a single logical quantum
bit, allowing for the identification of errors without disturbing the original quantum state. The chip also
incorporates a system of active supervision that continuously monitors qubit (quamtum bit) behavior, detects
abnormalities in real-time, and take measures immediately to correct errors.
This combination of real-time error correction and constant monitoring, along with an optimized
architecture for handling qubits, enables Willow to reduce errors exponentially (呈指数增长) as the number of
qubits increases. This is a major achievement, solving a problem that has plagued the field for nearly 30 years and
paving the way for more powerful and practical quantum computing systems in the future.
The potential applications of Willow are vast, including quickening drug discovery, improving electric
vehicle battery design, and advancing fusion energy and new energy alternatives. In conclusion, Google’s Willow
quantum chip holds great promise for the future of computing and various industries.
However, it should be noted that Willow is still in the laboratory stage and requires further testing and
improvement before practical application. It currently has 105 qubits, still too small to handle truly useful andcomplex real-world tasks. Experts suggest that millions of qubits may be needed to solve important industry
problems. Moreover, the chip needs to operate in extremely low-temperature and highly controlled laboratory
environments, which limits its immediate practical use. Therefore, while Willow shows great promise for the
future of quantum computing, it is not yet ready for practical applications at present.
8．What should be left undisturbed when solving the problem of quantum error correction?
A．Quantum correction codes. B．The network of quantum errors.
C．The original state of quantum. D．The system of active supervision.
9．What does the underlined word “plagued” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Caused trouble to. B．Made use of.
C．Had difficulty in.D．Set standards for.
10．Which of the following limits Willow’s practical use?
A．Narrow application market. B．High testing cost.
C．Small qubit number. D．Possible environment pollution.
11．Which of the following would be the best title for this article?
A．Willow: A Quantum Chip Setting New Benchmark
B．Google’s Willow: The End of Computing Problems
C．Willow Quantum Chip: Ready for practical application
D．Google’s Willow: Innovations and Limitations
【答案】8．C 9．A 10．C 11．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌最近新推出的一款量子芯片，该芯片具有创新之处，其推出
带来巨大影响，但它目前也面临投入实际使用的很多困难。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It uses quantum correction codes, where multiple physical quantum bits are
networked to create a single logical quantum bit, allowing for the identification of errors without disturbing the
original quantum state. (它使用量子校正码，其中多个物理量子比特联网以创建单个逻辑量子比特，允许在
不干扰原始量子状态的情况下识别错误)”可知，当解决量子纠错问题时，原始量子态应保持不受干扰。
故选C项。
9．词句猜测题。画线词的上文“This combination of real-time error correction and constant monitoring, along
with an optimized architecture for handling qubits, enables Willow to reduce errors exponentially (呈指数增长) as
the number of qubits increases. This is a major achievement, solving a problem (这种实时纠错和持续监控的结
合，以及用于处理量子比特的优化架构，使Willow能够随着量子比特数量的增加而呈指数级减少错误。
这是一个
重大的成就，解决了一个问题)”提到Willow量子芯片的工作机制使其实现了呈指数级减少错误的目标，
非常成功。由此推知，其成功的地方在于解决了困扰该领域近30年的一个问题，画线词在此处应表
示“给……造成麻烦，困扰”的意思，A项Caused trouble to“给……带来麻烦”与之匹配。B项Made
use of表示“利用”；C项Had difficulty in表示“在……方面有困难”；D项Set standards for表
示“为……设定标准”。故选A项。
10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It currently has 105 qubits, still too small to handle truly useful and
complex real-world tasks. (它目前有105个量子比特，仍然太小，无法处理真正有用和复杂的现实世界任
务)”可知，量子比特数量少限制了Willow的实际应用。故选C项。11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This chip represents a major technological breakthrough as it
solves the long-standing problem of quantum error correction. (该芯片解决了长期存在的量子纠错问题，是一
项重大的技术突破)”和最后一段中“However, it should be noted that Willow is still in the laboratory stage
and requires further testing and improvement before practical application. (但需要注意的是，Willow目前还处
于实验室阶段，在实际应用前还需要进一步的测试和完善)”可知，文章主要介绍了谷歌的Willow量子芯
片，既阐述了它在量子计算领域的创新之处，如实时纠错和监控，又指出了它目前存在的局限性，如量子
比特数量少、需要在极端低温和高度受控的实验室环境中运行等。因此，D项“谷歌的Willow：创新和
局限性”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
3.（2025·吉林省长春市实验中学高三期末）
[1] Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate his own songs, the musician Nick Cave delivered a
strong response: it was an absolutely horrible attempt. He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only
conclude that the true horror might be that it will forever be in its babyhood. While a robot might one day be able
to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿).
[2] Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn’t mean they would
necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish
between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and
they were only right in one of the four picture comparisons.
[3] These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of
urgency because, like it or not, AI art is upon us. The arrival of ChatGPT which can imitate humans, might have
increased general awareness of the challenge, but artists from various fields are already exploring its potential,
with
the dancer Wayne McGregor and London’s Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based works.
[4] A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to
the government, urging it to improve its efforts in educating future generations of tech experts, and tackling key
regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of
artists, and taking action to support the creative industry in adapting to the disturbances caused by technological
changes.
[5] The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the
short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the
philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it
now.
8．What can you tell about Nick Cave’s attitude to AI in paragraph 1?
A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent.
9．Why are the examples given in paragraph 2?
A．To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art. B．To stress the similarities between works of arts.
C．To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art. D．To imply AI art cannot be underestimated.
10．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat.
B．Tech experts need more training to better understand AI art.
C．Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problems.D．The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property.
11．Which would be the best title for the text?
A．The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art B．AI in Art: A Challenge That Must Be Met
C．The Rise of AI: What It Means to Humans? D．Threat or Opportunity: What is the Impact of AI?
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述一些艺术家对人工智能艺术的看法，并指出人工智能艺术一定会
面临挑战。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate his own songs, the musician
Nick
Cave delivered a strong response: it was an absolutely horrible attempt. He understood that AI was in its
babyhood, but could only conclude that the true horror might be that it will forever be in its babyhood. While a
robot might one day be able to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模
仿).(面对一个新的聊天机器人试图模仿他自己的歌曲，音乐家尼克·凯夫做出了强烈的回应：这绝对是一
次可怕的尝试。他明白人工智能还处于婴儿期，但他只能得出这样的结论：真正的恐怖可能是它将永远处
于婴儿期。他写道，虽然机器人有一天可能会创作一首歌，但它永远不会超出一种滑稽的程度)”可知，
尼克·凯夫对人工智能持怀疑态度。故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish between
four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and they were
only right in one of the four picture comparisons.(在凯夫发表讲话前几天，专家们被要求区分四件真正的艺术
品和它们的人工智能仿制品。他们的结论在12次中有5次是错误的，而且他们只在四张图片的对比中有
一张是完全正确的)”可推断，提到了四幅图片的比较是说明人工智能艺术不可低估。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第一段“He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only conclude that the
true horror might be that it will forever be in its babyhood. While a robot might one day be able to create a song,
he wrote, it would never grow beyond a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿).(他明白人工智能还处于婴儿期，但他
只能得出这样的结论：真正的恐怖可能是它将永远处于婴儿期。他写道，虽然机器人有一天可能会创作一
首歌，但它永远不会超出一种滑稽的程度)”可推断，有些艺术家认为尽管人工智能是一种威胁，但它更
是一种工具。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested,
and practical. They will unfold over the short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to
play in shaping and exploring the philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive
and be successful. They need it now.(正如凯夫所言，人工智能面临的挑战既有哲学层面的，也有实践层面
的。它们将在短期和长期内展开。最先进的创意产业在塑造和探索哲学产业方面发挥着关键作用，但它们
必须得到生存和成功所需的实际帮助。他们现在就需要)”结合本文讲述的就是人工智能艺术必定要面临
很多挑战，B选项“艺术中的AI：必须面对的挑战”符合文章主旨，适合做标题，故选B。
4.（2025·辽宁省锦州市高三联考）
European explorers “discovered” Antarctica in the 1820s. However, they were likely not the first navigators
to sail the cold waters of the southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous (土著的) people of mainland New Zealand
—
Māori — have a significantly longer history with Earth’s southernmost continent. A recent paper in the Journal ofthe Royal Society of New Zealand aims to bring to light the contributions of the Māori people to Antarctic
voyages.
Led by Dr. Priscilla Wehi, the team looked at Māori oral histories as well as “grey literature” — research
outside of conventional academic areas, and found connections between the Maori and the waters south of New
Zealand have been occurring since the earliest traditional voyaging. “The narratives of under-represented groups
and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly documented and acknowledged in the research literature,” Wehi
said. “This paper begins to fill this gap.”
The researchers first highlight an early 7th century southern voyage by a Māori chief Hui Te Rangiora and
his crew. This early explorer is said to have reached the Southern or Antarctic Ocean, the Ross Ice Shelf on the
edge of Antarctica, where the navigator encountered snow and icebergs. This would have likely made them the
first humans to see Antarctic waters, over a thousand years before the European expedition.
Even with the arrival of European explorers, Maori special knowledge was valued. Te Atu — a Ngāpuhi
man — has been called the first Māori and first New Zealander to help map the Antarctic coastline in 1840.Māori
were also part of the “Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration” in the late 19th and early 20th century, helping
European explorers with medicine, construction, scientific practice and more on journeys to Antarctica.
More recently, a number of Māori have participated in New Zealand’s Antarctic science programs, doing
study on everything from the effects of climate change to penguin population ecology. The team behind this latest
paper hopes that more and more Māori people will contribute their knowledge and experiences to advance the
scientific enquiry on this remote continent.
24．What is the main topic of the new paper?
A．The European exploration of Antarctica.
B．The history of Māori voyages to Antarctica.
C．The scientific research conducted in Antarctica.
D．The effects of climate change on Antarctic ecosystems.
25．What phenomenon does Dr. Priscilla Wehi describe in paragraph 2?
A．Traveling to Antarctica is now popular. B．Māori community deserves more attention.
C．Literature goes beyond conventional research. D．Māori exploration is often ignored by scholars.
26．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．European explorers’ journeys to Antarctica. B．Māori’s trouble in exploring the Antarctica.
C．Māori’s contributions to Antarctic exploration. D．European explorers’ help with Māori’s voyages.
27．What can be expected about Maori’s future role according to the team?
A．It will change due to the team’s help. B．It will dominate the scientific research.
C．It will be superior to European scientists. D．It will add depth to the Antarctic research.
【答案】24．B 25．D 26．C 27．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍毛利人南极洲航行史及其贡献。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent paper in the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand aims to
bring to light the contributions of the Māori people to Antarctic voyages.(最近发表在《新西兰皇家学会杂志》
上的一篇论文旨在揭示毛利人对南极航行的贡献)”可知，这篇论文主要讲述毛利人的南极洲航行史。故
选B。25．细节理解题。根据第二段“Led by Dr. Priscilla Wehi, the team looked at Māori oral histories as well as
“grey literature” — research outside of conventional academic areas, and found connections between the
Maori and the waters south of New Zealand have been occurring since the earliest traditional voyaging. “The
narratives of under-represented groups and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly documented and
acknowledged in the research literature,” Wehi said. “This paper begins to fill this gap.”(在Priscilla Wehi博
士的带领下，研究小组查阅了毛利人的口述历史以及传统学术领域之外的“灰色文献”，并发现毛利人与
新西兰南部水域之间的联系自最早的传统航行以来就一直存在。韦希说：“在研究文献中，关于代表性不
足的群体的叙述以及他们与南极洲的联系仍然很少被记录和承认。”“这篇论文开始填补这一空
白。”)”可知，第二段描述的现象是毛利人的探索经常被学者忽视。故选D。
26．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Even with the arrival of European explorers, Maori special knowledge was
valued. Te Atu — a Ngāpuhi man — has been called the first Māori and first New Zealander to help map the
Antarctic coastline in 1840.Māori were also part of the “Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration” in the late 19th
and early 20th century, helping European explorers with medicine, construction, scientific practice and more on
journeys to Antarctica.(即使有了欧洲探险家的到来，毛利人的特殊知识仍然受到重视。Te Atu是一个
Ngāpuhi人，他在1840年被称为第一个毛利人和第一个帮助绘制南极海岸线的新西兰人。毛利人也是19
世纪末和20世纪初“南极探险英雄时代”的一部分，帮助欧洲探险家进行医学，建筑，科学实践和更多
的南极之旅)”可知，该段主要讲述“毛利人对于南极探险的贡献”。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“More recently, a number of Māori have participated in New Zealand’s
Antarctic science programs, doing study on everything from the effects of climate change to penguin population
ecology. The team behind this latest paper hopes that more and more Māori people will contribute their
knowledge and experiences to advance the scientific enquiry on this remote continent.(最近，许多毛利人参加了
新西兰的南极科学项目，研究从气候变化的影响到企鹅种群生态的一切。这篇最新论文背后的团队希望越
来越多的毛利人人将贡献他们的知识和经验来推进对这个偏远大陆的科学探索)”可知，毛利人的角色将
增加南极研究的深度。故选D。
1.（2024·北京卷）D
Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of
early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood and
taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with
other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing
angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so
demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may
vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while
cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any
moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared
mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. Theapproval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our
brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More
generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-
care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food
gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do
something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a
grandparent even when it is
inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence
self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-
solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for
language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
32. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code?
A. Living conditions were the drive. B. Unwritten rules were the target.
C. Social tradition was the basis. D. Honesty was the key.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline
C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过
程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well
understood and taken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and
interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles.
Because arguing angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada
being so demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense. (在这里，规范是不成文的，
很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为；领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都
受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。在无
情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理)”可知，因纽特人的生
活中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。故选C项。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any moralising religion or
written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared mechanisms for
learning and
problem solving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本
需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似
性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B项。34.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates
the probable moral code of early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可
能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德
准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起
源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B篇）
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden
programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills,
environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast
food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles
of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as
soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a
year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who
say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a
calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get
outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )27.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Rescuing school gardens
B.Experiencing country life
C.Growing vegetable lovers
D.Changing local landscape
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。 通读全文并根据第一段中“The programme aims to help students develop science
skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.”和第四段中“Programme evaluations show that kids eat
more vegetables as a result of the classes.”可知,该项目旨在帮助学生发展科学技能、培养环境意识和养成健
康的生活方式。计划评估显示,学生们由于这些课程吃了更多的蔬菜。C项“Growing vegetable lovers”一语
双关,其中growing既能表明蔬菜爱好者正在增加,也可指爱好种植蔬菜的人。
3.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancingand her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey
towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing.
Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a
humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You
could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望
探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
28. A词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in
the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进
一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子
们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，
划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
29. C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals
on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买
到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选
C。
30. C细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was
one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是
Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。31. B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一
段“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
(这些温柔
可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之
旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unforgettable
experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
4.D【2022·新高考I卷】
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking,
five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half
the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C
【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语
音。
12. D细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that
speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate
softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found
how and why this trend arose.（30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，
如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究
人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。
13. C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human
adults were aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the
upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发
现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。
后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使
他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。
14. A主旨大意题。根据文章第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a
global
change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing
remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-
gatherer people today.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的
变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发
现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。
15. C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained
stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the
product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a
member of the research team.（研究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定
保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven
Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。
5.D【2022·全国甲卷】
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its
harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks,
superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went
our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re
not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are
increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she
said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that
we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told
me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者和悉尼人士的交流反映了悉尼发展中面临的问题——发展
为一个传统文化城市还是现代化城市。
32. C主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney,
Australia. The city discovered its harbor. 20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现
了它的港口 ”以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city. 正是港口造就了这个城市”可知，本段的大意是悉
尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
33. D细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney
ferryboats for a living. 30多岁的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生”、第
三段中的“I’ll miss these old boats. 我会想念这些旧船的”以及第五段中的“Catamarans are faster, but they’re
not so
elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. 双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣”可知，AndrewReynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。
34. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段中的Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its
rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. 悉尼
的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去
都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑，可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼正在失去它的传统。故选
A。
35. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its
attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. (另一方面，同时既年
轻又古老也有它的魅力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点)以及最后一
段He is right，可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A。
6.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual
recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This
indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in
space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on
visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
24. B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful attool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里
时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the
correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确
的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
25. C细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one
year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可
知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
26. D推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out
whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
(根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们
的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
27. D主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to
Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦
鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别
形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适
合作为本文标题。故选D。
7.2022年全国乙卷之C篇
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same
thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway
tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-
time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the
board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,
detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones
for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the
future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small
drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their
ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
30. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮
助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
28. B推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.
They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as
the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做
同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，
无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选B。
29. C词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros
a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为 200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜
间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and
better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和
C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
30. A推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead
of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that
fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶
一样在火车前面行驶。 凭借他们的预见能力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够
及时做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。
31. D主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and
reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the
very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers
of rail
tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路
安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，
以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查
电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁
路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，
适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
8.2022年1月浙江卷之C篇
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to
develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are
exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管 ）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to
measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103
watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women
were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload
of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other
cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44
of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25
percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of
dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that
a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
7. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. Positive effects of doing exercises.
B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies on diseases.
D. Advantages of sporty woman over man
8. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A. To predict their maximum heart rate.
B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C. To change their habits of working out
D. To detect their potential health problems
9. What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B. Data collection was a lengthy process.
C. Some participants withdrew from it.
D. The results were far from satisfactory.
10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
【答案】7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。
7. A细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit
could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a
decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性
要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，第一
段提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选A项。
8. B 细节理解题。根据上文“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's
cardiovascular
fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”（这些发现令人兴奋，因为
在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“For the study, 191
women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak
cardiovascular capacity.”（在这项研究中，191名平均年龄为50岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她
们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能
力。故选B项。
9. B细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following
four decades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个
长期的过程。故选B项。
10. C推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit
could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a
decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性
要低近90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后
面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会
大大降低。故选C项。
8.2021年全国乙卷之B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely
only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use
it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是
非必需品的观点。
24.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the
age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically
everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的
人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本
段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定
电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not
really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13
percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表
示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不
是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固
定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
26.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number
for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, tobe honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯
一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
27.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the
way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯
和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例
子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
10.2021年6月浙江卷之C篇
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto
something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new
study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either
a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of
the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by
showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The
researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their
noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during
training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures
based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest
that
the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule
applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human
facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial
expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with
humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them
with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究证明狗能够识别人类 面部表情，但目前还不清楚它们为什么有
这种能力，可能的原因是它们长时间与人类共同生活。
8.细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the
same person making either a happy or an angry face.(研究人员训练了11只狗来区分同一个人脸上的表情是高
兴还是愤怒)”可知，该新研究的关注点是狗是否能够区分人的面部表情。故选B。
9.细节理解题。根据第二段的“During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the
lower half of the person’s face. The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial
expressions by showing them the other half of the person’s face or images totally different from the ones used in
training.(在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部分或下半部分。研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面
部表情的能力，向狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在训练和测试阶
段，狗看的照片是不一样的。故选C。
10.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in
their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure has
provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them” Muller said.(Muller说：“对我们来说，
最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接
触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面部表
情的可能原因。故选B。
11.C【2021·全国新高考II卷】
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash
to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake
to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.
What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
8．What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A．Make a movie. B．Build new schools.
C．Run a project. D．Help local musicians.
9．What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?A．It is particularly difficult. B．It increases artists' income.
C．It opens children's mind. D．It deserves greater attention.
10．What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A．Moral principles. B．Interpersonal skills.
C．Creative abilities. D．Positive worldviews.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Bring Artists to Schools B．When Historians Meet Artists
C．Arts Education in Britain D．The World's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】11．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，
她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
11．文章标题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted
to bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote
the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想
掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教
学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺
术教学。故选A。
12.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps
this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission
to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see
flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like
gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from
those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the
world.”
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck【答案】15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实
上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
15．文章标题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一
段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple
geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、
毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一
方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
13.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of
overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a
Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political
cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of
the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural
resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that
ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion
dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck
Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】31．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的
急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩
猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
31．文章标题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者
只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故
可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
14.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean
ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wongwants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group
of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】31．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作
品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload
of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和
提高人们的环保意识。
31．标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什
么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的
雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong
wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean.
For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000
pieces of plastic,
which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年
的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这
项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看
起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制
作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保
的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。15.2021年新高考I卷之C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of
overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a
Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political
cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of
the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural
resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that
ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion
dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck
Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住
房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能
狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
28. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-
increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建
住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
29. C 词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources
wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即
移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破
坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
30. D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购
买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
31. A主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭
票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护
了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
16.2021年全国甲卷之D篇
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps
this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission
to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see
flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like
gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from
those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the
world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实
上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
12. A推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards
for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of
a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而
那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出
贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的
标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
13. D推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they
start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按
照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女
孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
14. A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned
to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天
才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
15. B主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最
后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and
simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创
造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以
是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
17.2021年全国乙卷之C篇
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean
ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong
wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-
examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, atruckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group
of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】28. C 29. A 30. C 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕
塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在 2018 的一件作
品“Truckload of Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕
塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
28. C 推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist
Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing
viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什
么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨
大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑
想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的
关注。故选C项。
29. A推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means
the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need
them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of
Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone,
the straw will take centuries to disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染
源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回
收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个
世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
30. C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific
statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of
Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied
together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von
Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作
品，
冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾
倒下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷
新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一
新”。故选C项。
31. D标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference?
Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,
forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真
的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造
巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von
Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the
ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than
10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all
at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车
塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑
在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)通
过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用
的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选D
项。
18.2021年6月浙江卷
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where
neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen —
any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half
hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and
three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear
without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type,
appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as
a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the
World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really
interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being
outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just sendthem out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it.
Let us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄
自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
4. D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen
— any screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕
——盯着它看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
5. A细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marked to young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David
Bond通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
6. A 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World
Network
(世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，
与“records”意思一致。故选A项。
7. C主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记
录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World
Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团
体)”可推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自
然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作
本文标题。故选C项。
19.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining
more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where
they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In
one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately
jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another
species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr
Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
45．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
46．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【答案】44．D45．B46．A47．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩
用来交流的手势含义。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication
where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信
息，故选D。
45．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of
Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human
language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔
茨
博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结
果“有点令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
46．词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that
respect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言
的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals
convey with non-verbal communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的
信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf
remains.（所以，看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
47．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild
chimpanzees use to communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含
义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：
黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
20.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies
have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener
areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when
their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things
that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.
Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light ，about one-
thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to
light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in
a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂
switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far
removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote
highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water
B. To change compositions of plants
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开
发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植
物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that
greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive
when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，
城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效
率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when
they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传
感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省
理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减
少能源消耗。故选C。
35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the
US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street
lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distanceand therefore help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂
到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约
能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，
文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，
达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
21.2020年全国II卷之D篇
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an
enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while
other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did
everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had
several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go
to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !
It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the
library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library
when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge
that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1
think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library.
Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书
馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图
书馆，宣传图书馆。
32. C推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a
day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures
through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本
书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可
推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33. B词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文
I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up
and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to
them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那
里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图
书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，
阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34. C细节理解题。根据最后一段的 I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they
can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and
talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓
励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼
吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35. D主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书
馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支
持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最
佳标题。故选D。
22.2020年新课标ⅠII卷之D篇
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and
northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the
Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱)
in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii
researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr.
Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.
33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers
【答案】32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，
而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred
billions
of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just
the past few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究
我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们
关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.
(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these people are known, number in hundreds of thousands in
Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in recent times, they've also
built houses on stilts in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万
人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区
域。D. Off the coast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。
34.细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us
local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊
的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合
以上说法，故选C项。
35.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a
team of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂
志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，
本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适
应海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选
A项。23.2020年6月浙江卷之C篇
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help
your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s
job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any
high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ”
she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental
influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?
A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability.
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划
和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered
more than 1,000 retired workers who were over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills
through a battery of tests.(来自德国莱比锡大学的研究人员召集了1000多名75岁以上的退休老人，并通过
一系列的测试对他们的记忆力和思维能力进行了评估。)”可知，科学家让志愿者做测试是为了测试他们的
心智能力。
故选D项。
29.推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作
一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较
来解释他的发现的。故选B项。
30.主旨大意题。第一段“Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other
managerial skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age(需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能
有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。)”是本文的主题句，结合全文内容
可知，文章主要讲述了有挑战性的工作可能会使大脑保持敏捷，所以C项“困难的工作可能有助于大脑保
持敏捷”适合作本文标题。故选C项。
24.2020年1月浙江卷之C篇
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a
characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University
discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325
American families over several years. And over time，the persistence gained through fathers led to higher
achievement in school.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research
also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style. Authoritative parenting
is not authoritarian:rigid，demanding or controlling. Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the
following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind
rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).
In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key
finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop
persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest
that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future
research.
27. What is special about the BYU professors' study?
A. It centered on fathers' role in parenting.
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?
A. Single parents.
B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers.
D. Mothers in two-parent homes.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father.
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance.
【答案】27. A 28. D 29. A 30. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，父亲在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位。研究
人员认为，父亲们需要采用一种“权威”的养育方式，且一项重要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲
抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校取得更好的成绩。
27. A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 Researchers from Brigham Young University discovered that fathers
are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.（杨百翰大学的研究人员发现，父亲
在帮助青春期的孩子学习毅力方面具有独特的地位）可知杨百翰大学研究的特别之处在于，它关注的是父
亲在养育子女中的角色。故选A。
28. D 推理判断题。根据第四段中 Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the following
characteristics: children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind rules are
stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy.（相反，权威的养育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子
们感受到来自父亲的温暖和爱；强调责任和规则背后的原因；孩子们被给予适当的自主权）可知一个有权
威的父亲在抚养孩子时会向他们解释规则。故选D。
29. A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句Yet the researchers suggest that single parents still may play a role
in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future research.（然而，研究人员认为，单亲父
母仍然可能在教授坚持不懈的好处方面发挥作用，这是未来研究的一个方向）可知根据研究人员的说法，
单亲父母是未来研究的重点。故选A。
30. C主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段中A key finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative
father were significantly more likely to develop persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.（一项重
要的发现是，随着时间的推移，由权威父亲抚养长大的孩子更有可能培养出坚持不懈的精神，从而在学校
取得更好的成绩）和文章主要内容为说明父亲在养育子女中的角色，故选C选项“孩子们倾向于向父亲学
习决心”最符合文章标题。故选C。
23. B【2020·全国新课标III】
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
"Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover
Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t beentreated properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.241
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making "Apes."
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes."
D. The performance of real apes.
【答案】25.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集
在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人
猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有
些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
25.主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to
create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance
and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用
动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以
产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
