文档内容
►第 15 讲 阅读理解细节理解题
（讲义）
【复习目标】
熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
明确命题规律和提问方式
掌握不同题型的解题方法
掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换
【考情分析】
近三年新高考阅读理解细节理解题细目表
2023 2022 2021
卷别
年份
新高考I卷 6 7 6
新高考II卷 6 8 9
【网络构建】细节理解题概述
命题规律：
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考
生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的
“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容
涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。
预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。
命题方式 ：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what.which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。
2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。
2.中频考点：数字计算题；
3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。
选项特征 ：
正确选项特征 例句
同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如rude替换为impolite; fortnight换为two weeks; dozen替换为twelve等。
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
干扰项特征 例句
张冠李戴 为原文内容，但非题目要求或要点。
偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
扩缩范围 以偏概全或以全概偏。
文章重点关注词：
1. 转折关系：but, however, yet, still, on the contrary, in fact, as a matter of fact, instead, unlike, by
contrast等。
2. 例证关系：such as, for example, for instance, take sth as an example等。
3. 因果关系：because, for, since, as, so, thus, therefore, consequently, because of, due to, thanks to,
as a result, result in/from, lead to, cause等。
选项重点关注词：all, never, must, most, merely, only, have to, any, completely, 等。
解题原则 ：注意句子的逻辑关系，依附原文，杜绝主观臆断。
知识点 一 直接信息题
典例1（2023年新高考I卷A 篇）
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and
much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buyyour ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
3. Where does the guided city tour start?
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting
at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场
开始。故选D。
知识点 二 间接信息题
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
典例1（2023年新高考I卷B篇）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore
the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became
clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to
wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时
候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小
生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”
以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature
and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为
什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故
选C。
知识点 三 数字计算题
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落；
第三步：进行推算，得出答案。
解题原则：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过具体的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。
典例（2023全国乙卷C篇）
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV
has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults
say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and
young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through
television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an
increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
10. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
【答案】10. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一
的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更
好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
知识点 四 细节排序题
第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容；
第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围；
第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围；
如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。
解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺
序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。
典例A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的)
reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped
breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her
father, so decided to use CPR.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught
me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a
doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star，” said Debbie, “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she
did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have
more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent
home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing
him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
What's the right order of the events?
①Izzy kicked Colm. ②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learned CPR. ④Colm's heart stopped.
A．③①②④ B．④②③①
C．③④②① D．④③①②
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。通过速读原文可知，第一件事是Colm's heart stopped，而最后一件事是Izzy
kicked Colm，故选B。
考向一 直接信息题
1. （2023年江苏省苏北七市二模阅读理解A篇）
Value for money?
Yes. It’s not cheap but it’s a special experience that easily fills a day. Plus, it’s a valuable cause worth
supporting. Adults ￡14, children 5-17 and students ￡6.50, under-4s free, family ￡38 (two adults and two
children) or ￡25 (one adult and three children).
How much would a couple with their 5-year-old twin sons pay for admission?
A．￡25. B．￡34.5. C．￡38. D．￡41.
【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据Value for money?部分中“family ￡38 (two adults and two children) or ￡25 (one
adult and three children). (家庭 38英镑(两名成人和两名儿童)或25英镑(一名成人和三名儿童))”可知，一
对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英镑。故选C项。
【名师点睛】本题与2023年新高考I卷从题号，到考查类型均高度相似，可谓压中真题。
2. （2023年湖北省华北师大附中二模阅读理解C篇）
Nichola Clark, an ocean expert at the Pew Charitable Trusts called the long-awaited treaty text “a once-in-a-
generation opportunity to protect the oceans-a major win for biodiversity”. The treaty will create a new body to
manage the conservation of ocean life and establish marine-protected are-as on the high seas. Clark said that’s
critical to achieving the UN Biodiversity Conference’s recent promise to protect 30 percent of the planet’s waters,
for conservation. The treaty also establishes ground rules for conducting environmental impact assessments for
commercial activities in the oceans.
What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Commercial ocean activities will be monitored.
B．Preservation of 30% of the planet will be ensured.
C．Protected areas on the high seas will be expanded.
D．An existing department will manage the conservation.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据段中的“The treaty also establishes ground rules for conducting environmental
impact assessments for commercial activities in the oceans.(该条约还确立了对海洋商业活动进行环境影响评估
的基本规则。)”可知，该条约还制定了商业海洋活动对海洋造成影响的评估规则，由此可以推断，该条约
也会对商业海洋活动进行监管。故选A项。
考向二 间接信息题
（2023年上海高三专练）
In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city, but most
people who live in Manchester, Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city
means.
The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history. Two thousand years ago, most people
living in Britain were Celts........This is why there are so many place names in England which end in “-chester” or
“-caster” –Manchester, for example. ..........The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland, and many place names
there are Celtic.........
After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of
Europe that is now Germany and Holland............Twelve hundred years ago, the Vikings came to England from
Scandinavia. They traded with the Anglo-Saxons but lived in their own villages. ........Finally, in 1066, England
became Norman — the Normans gave us the place name “grange”, which means farm.........
Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of inhabitants in Britain?
A．The Celts –The Romans – The Vikings –The Normans –The Anglo Saxons
B．The Romans –The Celts –The Vikings –The Anglo Saxons–The NormansC．The Celts –The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Vikings –The Normans
D．The Romans –The Anglo Saxons–The Celts –The Normans –The Vikings
【答案】C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国的历史。
【详解】细节理解题。通读全文，根据“Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts(两
千年前，生活在英国的大多数人都是凯尔特人)”；“The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland, and many
place names there are Celtic.(罗马人从未到达威尔士或苏格兰，那里的许多地名都是凯尔特人)”；“After the
Romans left Britain, it was attacked by tribes called the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is
now Germany and Holland.( 罗马人离开英国后，英国遭到了来自欧洲（即现在的德国和荷兰）的盎格鲁撒
克逊人部落的袭击)”；“Twelve hundred years ago, the Vikings came to England from Scandinavia.( 1200年
前，维京人从斯堪的纳维亚半岛来到英国)”以及“Finally, in 1066, England became Norman — the Normans
gave us the place name “grange”, which means farm.(最后，1066年，英格兰成为诺曼人——诺曼人给我们起
了地名“grange”，意思是农场)”可知，英国原居民的居住先后次序为The Celts –The Romans –The Anglo
Saxons–The Vikings –The Normans。故选C。
1. (2023年新高考I卷A篇)
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社).The hostels in Rome
offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that,you'll often get to stay in a central location(位
置)with security and comfort.
21. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
A.Comfort. B. Security.
C. Price. D. Location.
【答案】C
【解析】第一步 题干关键词: what,concern,stay in a hostel
第二步 原文定位点: Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅
社).
第三步 直接得答案: 根据pricey可知“罗马对旅行的人来说可能很昂贵”, 故选C项。
2. （2023年全国乙卷A篇）
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in
Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She
moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
.
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第一部分中的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman toreceive a medical degree. (四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性)”可知，Rebecca Lee
Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故选D。
3. （2023年新高考II卷）
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year.
The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from
the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy
your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long
as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon
(峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue
to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short
talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire
new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest?
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
【答案】1. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September
2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August
21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June
9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June
19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最
早。故选D。
