文档内容
第 01 讲 细节理解题
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】名校2024年细节理解题整合练
【题型二】最新省级联考细节理解题综合练
02 重难创新练
03真题实战练
题型一 名校2024年细节理解题整合练
1. （2024·湖南·长郡中学）
Every morning on the island of Oahu, students at Pu’ öhala Elementary gather on a field as towering
mountains watch them from the mist. Their day starts with songs in ‘ölelo Hawai’i, the islands’ native language,
restating values of respect and justice that their teachers hope will guide them through their education, and
throughout their lives.
Like most kids their age, they’re not concerned about the significance of the language they’re learning. Still,
they have a weighty responsibility: to receive the torch (火炬) and ensure the security of ‘ölelo Hawai’ i for future
generations.
It was only 50 years ago that the language was on the edge of extinction. Though the situation is much
improved, in many ways ‘ölelo Hawai’ i is still on life support. Teachers say there’s a huge enthusiasm for school
kids to learn the language, but as they grow up, they’re encouraged to focus on “more useful” subjects and use
English, which are believed to assist them in achieving success in their work. In 2016, there were 18, 610 Hawaiian
speakers on the islands.
“One hundred thousand is the approximate number of speakers needed to consider the language safe, ” says
Solomon, professor of Hawaiian language at University of Hawai’i at Manoa. “The idea is that there are enough
people passing it on to the next generation, socializing their children to use the language in all domains of life, to
express all thoughts and needs and desires. ”
Fortunately, the kids of Pu’ öhala Elementary will take the responsibility to continue the work of the current
young adults defending the language, expanding access to ‘ölelo Hawai’i in part through TikTok and Instagram,and making the language a practical skill in adulthood. These youth, along with those committed to recovering the
language from previous generations, share their hopes for the better.
1．What are the students at Pu’ öhala Elementary expected to do?
A．To figure out the value of life. B．To go out of the island of Oahu.
C．To pass their native language down. D．To draw people’s attention to folk songs.
2．What makes the students abandon ‘ölelo Hawai’i?
A．Career development. B．The improved situation.
C．Lack of enthusiasm. D．Little educational support.
3．What is the current situation of ‘ölelo Hawai’i according to professor Solomon?
A．It is used in all walks of life. B．It is considered a safe language.
C．It demands more speakers to be safe. D．It has one hundred thousand speakers.
2.（2024·湖南·长郡中学）
A professor at the University of South Florida recently published a paper she knew barely anyone would read.
At least, not outside her field. The paper had to do with the impact of algae (海藻) blooms and depletion (退化) of
coral reefs on the region’s tourism industry.
The work of completing the paper was glum, says Heather O’Leary. It involved tracking visitors’ reactions
to the environment on social media. “Part of the data for months was just reading posts: dead fish, dead fish, dead
fish,” she recalled. “We were really thinking every day about the Gulf of Mexico and the waters that surround us,
about those risks, and the risks to our coastal economy.”
O’Leary wanted people to pay attention to her paper and raise their environmental awareness. But she
couldn’t come up with any solutions. However, attending concerts at USF’s School of Music inspired and
gladdened her. She reached out to its director of bands, Matthew McCutchen. “I’m studying climate change and
what’s going down at the coral reefs,” he remembered her saying. “And I’ve got all this data from my paper and I’d
like to know if there’s any way that we can turn it into music. So people can know about my paper.”
Indeed there was. Composition professor Paul Reller worked with students to map pitch, rhythm and
duration to the data. It came alive, O’Leary said, in ways it simply couldn’t be done on a spreadsheet.
“My students were really excited to start thinking about how students from other majors, such as the music
students, heard patterns that they did not normally hear in some of the repetitions,” she said. In this case, she said,
the patterns revealed the economic impact of pollution on coastal Florida communities.
......
6．What favor did Heather ask Matthew to offer?
A．Turn her algae data into music.
B．Find some music about coral reefs.
C．Teach her some musical terms.
D．Compose songs regarding climate change.
7．What do patterns in Paul’s music reflect?A．The different types of training.
B．The repetition of pitch and rhythm.
C．The threat of pollution on the costal economy.
D．The complex challenges of wicked problems.
8．What role did Heather think music plays?
A．Providing solutions to the algae problem.
B．Exposing more wicked problems to the public.
C．Showing the economic growth in coastal cities.
D．Helping people experience the problems better.
3.（2024·湖南长沙一中·模拟预测）Organizations design courses to help you learn new skills or improve your
current skill set. Here’re the best course providers of 2024.
Codecademy
It provides information technology (IT) and other technical users with courses in coding and other software
engineering areas. You can choose from several subscription plans or choose a free option to explore the website’s
course collection.
Memrise
It’s a website and an application created to help you learn another language. It’s free to use and offers up to
23 languages to pursue. It aims to work on developing your long-term memory to support your learning journey
and make it more effective. Additionally, it provides video examples of individuals using the language’s terms and
phrases in everyday life.
Pluralsight
It’s a paid subscription site but offers a free trial, so you can try a few classes to determine if it fits your
needs. You can take a Skill IQ assessment to know your skill levels and help you determine a plan to improve your
abilities. It employs certified experts as the course instructors, which benefits you as a learner.
Alison
It’s a free learning platform offering classes, including fields such as personal development, health, language,
finance and science. It offers learners the flexibility of taking the courses anywhere and anytime, so users can fit it
into their schedule. And the platform is for individuals with various skill levels, from beginner to expert.
Additionally, the site has two types of courses, allowing you to choose between earning a certificate or getting a
diploma.
9．Which is most likely to be the course provided on Codecademy?
A．Computer Science. B．Drawing for Beginners.
C．Advanced Parenting Skills. D．Civil Engineering.
10．Which website invites specialists to assist the learners?
A．Codecademy. B．Pluralsight. C．Alison. D．Memrise.
11．What is special about Alison’s courses?A．They are designed for adults. B．They require learners to pay.
C．They offer no certificates. D．They are self-paced.
4.（2024·江苏扬州中学·模拟）Irish Writers Centre Novel Fair 2024
The Novel Fair is an annual competition initiated by the Irish Writers Centre (IWC). Described by The Irish
Times as “A Dragons’ Cave for writers”, each year the Fair aims to introduce up-and-coming writers to top
publishers and literary agents.
The Prize
The twelve winners will have the opportunity to present the summary of their novel directly to industry
professionals. Leading publishers and agents will be invited by the IWC to meet these writers in person or through
a series of online meetings. To get fully prepared for the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will
receive a place in a workshop on “How to Promote Your Novel”, two weeks in advance. Also, applicants who are
longlisted (初选) but do not make it to the shortlist of twelve will have their works evaluated and criticized by the
judging panel.
How to Enter
Entry fee for application is £55 (Members of IWC can enter for a discounted fee of £45). This competition
only accepts manuscripts (原稿) for novels. Applicants are required to send a summary within 300 words and up to
five chapters of their novel, which should be 10,000 words (+/-10％). Manuscripts should be submitted online.
There is a limit of one entry per applicant.
Entries are welcome from anywhere in the world. Before entering the competition, please ensure that you
have read the Novel Fair Terms & Conditions 2024 very carefully as the Fair is open to only novelists who
have never published work previously. If you have any questions about the application process, please email
novelfair@irishwriterscentre.ie.
16．What’s the purpose of the Fair?
A．To advertise local stories.
B．To encourage literary reading.
C．To serve as a platform for writers.
D．To arouse enthusiasm for writing.
18．Which of the following meets the requirement of the Fair?
A．A summary of 200 words.
B．A novel published in 2023.
C．A paper manuscript by post.
D．A submission of seven chapters.
5.（2024·江苏盐城中学·模拟预测）When looking for some vacation ideas to spread out and get some
time and space to yourself, check out these great resorts (度假胜地) options.
Hyatt Ziva Cap Cana
Located in Punta Cana, this family-friendly vacation at an all-inclusive resort offers something for everyonein your party. Parents can enjoy relaxing by one of the resort’s swim-up bars in an infinity pool or head out for
some deep-sea fishing. Kids, meanwhile, can head over to the kids’ club for a number of activities. Plus, all of the
drinks and food across the 14 restaurants and bars is included.
Beaches Turks & Caicos
This resort has become the Caribbean’s popular go-to when it comes to all-inclusive family vacations that
provide great value since there’s so much to do for guests of all ages. There’s a 45,000-square-foot water park, 24
restaurants, unlimited PADI-certified scuba diving and water sports, a 12-mile beach, a spa, 10 pools—whew!
The Alisal Guest Ranch
......
31．Which attracts those interested in horseback-riding?
A．Hyatt Ziva Cap Cana. B．Beaches Turks & Caicos.
C．Montage Palmetto Bluff. D．The Alisal Guest Ranch.
32．What do the four attractions share?
A．They promise good food services. B．They include various kids’ clubs.
C．They provide parent-child activities. D．They have large historic buildings.
6.（2024·浙江杭州·一模）Diana was out shopping in a busy department store after work one evening. Just five
minutes before closing time, she heard a staff member saying, “someone is having a seizure (癫痫)”: Walking
quickly towards the staff member, Diana saw a fellow shopper on the ground. She had fallen and was lying on the
floor, jerking uncontrollably. A small group of people had gathered to help the woman and a staff member called an
ambulance. Dian a knew that she could use what she had learned on her first aid course to help as well.
Knowing it was important to keep the woman safe, one of the employees brought over a staff jacket and they
put it under the woman’s head so she wouldn’t injure herself. “The seizure probably lasted only a few minutes, but
it seemed much longer while it was going on,” Diana said. “When the jerking stopped, a man helped turn the
woman on to her side. I then tilted her head back to help her keep breathing. After the seizure, the woman seemed
not to be able to understand what we were saying and couldn’t speak. Luckily, I had learned that this can happen
after a seizure and it may take some time for people to get back to normal.”
“It was such a comfort when she very tentatively answered that she was OK. By this time, the ambulance
was on its way, the store had closed for the night and the other shoppers who had helped at first had left.” “We all a-
greed that the woman was in safe hands with the first aider and a nurse who had also stopped to help, so I started to
make my way out of the store.”
“As I was leaving, one of the store’s employees said, ‘thank you for your kindness’”. “I was very touched by
her words, and I told her that I’d learned first aid in case something like this ever happened, and now it had. Even
though the incident left me feeling very shaken, I was glad I knew what to do to help.”
38．What did Diana do to help the woman suffering from a seizure?
A．She called an ambulance for her. B．She helped turn the woman to one side.
C．She brought over a staff jacket to keep her warm. D．She made sure the woman could breathe easily.
39．How did Diana feel after the incident?A．Grateful. B．Relieved. C．Anxious. D．Regretful.
40．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A．Diana stayed to help when the ambulance arrived.
B．The woman could not answer their questions because of pain.
C．It was essential to learn some knowledge of first aid.
D．The employee was too frightened to offer a helping hand.
7.（2024·湖北襄阳四中·模拟）With such a strong artistic heritage, it’s no surprise that England knocks it out of
the park when it comes to world-class art galleries. These are the galleries you need to add to your must-visit list.
Royal Academy of Arts (RA), London
Not your standard gallery, the Royal Academy of Arts is led by artists to promote not just the appreciation of
art, but its practice. It is world-famous for hosting some exhibitions that get everyone talking. Besides, what sets the
RA apart is its engagement with the public through participatory experiences, allowing visitors to not only view art
but become part of it in innovative ways.
Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norwich
Sitting on the edge of the University of East Anglia’s campus, the Sainsbury Centre holds a collection of
remarkable works of art spanning over 2,000 years. Inside the seminal Norman Foster building, you’ll find
artworks from around the world, including some stunning pieces of European modern art by Degas, Francis Bacon,
and Alberto Giacometti.
Yorkshire Sculpture Park, West Yorkshire
Tearing up the rulebook when it comes to how we traditionally view art, the Yorkshire Sculpture Park strives
to break down barriers by showing works from British and international artists in the open air. Set in hundreds of
acres of West Yorkshire parkland, you’ll see sculptures by some of the leading artists of the 20th century.
Whitworth, Manchester
After a sky-high £15 million development, the Whitworth is becoming one of the premier galleries in the
north of England. Making full use of its picturesque park setting, the gallery has a beautiful art garden and a
sculpture terrace (露台), all waiting to be explored. Inside the gallery, you can view an exciting programme of ever-
changing exhibitions.
46．What is special about the Royal Academy of Arts?
A．It offers interactive experiences.
B．It displays works by senior artists.
C．It occupies a vast space in the museum.
D．It stages exhibitions in a traditional way.
47．What do Yorkshire Sculpture Park and Whitworth have in common?
A．They are small in scale. B．They offer outdoor settings.
C．They feature long-standing works. D．They host exhibitions on an annual basis.题型二 最新省级联考细节理解题综合练
1. （2024·湖北高中名校大联考）
Orange chicken, sweet and sour pork, fried rice… Max Burns lists several typical Western-style of Chinese
dishes that disappoint him. For a 21-year-old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China,
those cuisines are far from authentic, but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences.
What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (扭曲). Quite a few
Westerners recognize that particular type of fa re as the whole of Chinese cuisine.
“They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine, about how it varies because people forget
how big China is. It is a country that has deserts from one side, jungles and sea from the other side. Each area has
its unique style of cooking.” he says.
Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making
Chinese dishes at home. “Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn an alien culture.” he says.
......
56．When did Max Burns return to Brighton, England according to the text?
A．Aged 13. B．Aged 14. C．Aged 16. D．Aged 21.
57．How does Max Burns change people’s wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisines?
A．Treat them to Chinese dishes. B．Write reports on Chinese cuisines.
C．Cook Chinese dishes for them in person.D．Display authentic Chinese cuisines on.
2. （2024·湖北高中名校大联考）
In Georgia students will be required to build “background knowledge” by reciting all or part of significant
poems and speeches. The Arkanses plan calls for students to recite a passage from a well-known poem, play or
speech. That’s it: an old-fashioned demand that students memorize the Gettysburg Address or Hamlet’s “To be or
not to be” or Gwendolyn Brooks’s We Real Cool and recite it to an audience.
Most parents would probably call this a worthy exercise once abandoned for long, gathering the courage to
speak in public and firing the adolescent imagination. Who could object to store memorable words in teenage heads
otherwise packed with short videos?
English teachers, that’s who. Modern educators view memorization as empty repetition, mechanical and
prescriptive (规定的) rather than creative or thoughtful. Reciting texts from memory, they say, merely drops
information into students’ minds. It’s repetitive learning instead of critical analysis.
......
60．Why are educators against storing memorable words in teenage heads?
A．Memorization is nothing but thoughtful learning.
B．Memorization is anything but repetitive learning.
C．Memorization does injure teenagers’ heads.
D．Memorization does no good to critical analysis.3.（2024·河南、山西大联考）Heights Library (HL) is here to help by connecting you to companies,
organizations, and other media that offer access to free, quality content.
Art for Kids Hub
It provides hundreds of videos that teach kids (and their adults) how to draw, fold, paint, and sculpt to their
heart’s content. Learn how to draw your favorite Disney or Fortnite characters, fold a shirt card for Father’s Day.
Projects require only a few art supplies.
For: Grades PreK-8
Where: Visit their website
Babbel
It’s a popular language learning app. Babbel courses are designed by language experts and are available in 13
different languages. Short lessons with interactive dialogue, practical phrases and vocabulary allow students to put
themselves deeply in a new language.
For: K-College students
Where: Register an account at Babbel and access on mobile or desktop devices
BrainPOP
It’s an educational website that creates digital content for K-8 students. Lessons begin with a short, animated
video and are accompanied by interactive quizzes, extension activities, and games. Videos feature a relatable and
engaging cast, including a beloved orange robot named Moby. There’re Spanish and French versions, as well as an
option for English language learners.
For: Grades K-8
Where: BrainPOP is offering free access to families
Ten to Explore
The Metroparks make it easy to get out of the house with the fun challenge Ten to Explore presented by
Wayside Furniture. Each month ten parks or activities are highlighted to encourage people to choose outside
exploration. Tag any photos on social media with #Ten to Explore# for a chance to win a special prize pack.
For: All ages
Where: Check their website for updates on reservation
69．Which will you choose if you want to experience nature in person?
A．Art for Kids Hub. B．Babbel. C．Ten to Explore. D．BrainPOP.
70．What do the resources have in common?
A．They are digital. B．They are designed by HL.
C．They are free only for kids. D．They are favored by language learners.
4.（2024·河南、山西大联考）
Can happiness be obtained — by learning about it in school? The University of Bristol’s Science of
Happiness course, which launched in 2018, is helping answer that question. Not your typical college class, the
innovative course features absolutely no tests or work. Instead it focuses on teaching students what the latest studiesin psychology suggest really makes people happy. Now, the research team behind that class has released a new
study reporting it really is possible to learn how to be happy.
Thanks to their course, researchers had already established that teaching students about the latest scientific
studies focusing on happiness results in a notable improvement in well-being. During this latest project, they took
things a step further. Their work shows that increases in well-being among students are ultimately short-lived —
unless individuals practice what’s been taught during the course for ages.
“It’s like going to the gym — we can’t expect to do one class and be fit forever. Just as with physical health,
we have to continuously work on our mental health, otherwise the improvements are temporary,” explains senior
study author Professor Bruce Hood. Students who took the happiness course reported a 10 to 15 percent
improvement in well-being. However, only those who continued practicing what they learned during the course
reported sustained improved well-being upon being surveyed again two years later. This project is the first ever to
track the well-being of students who had taken a happiness course long after the class ended.
“To gain more information about happiness, we’ll continue studying. What we teach is related to positive
psychology interventions (干预) that take your attention away from yourself, by helping others, being with friends,
or thankfulness,” Prof. Hood said. “This is the opposite of the current principle, but countless studies have shown
that getting out of our own heads helps get us away from negative thinking.”
Prof. Hood recently turned the course into a new book, released earlier this month. The Science of
Happiness: Seven Lessons for Living Well details an evidence-informed roadmap to better well-being.
75．What do we know about Science of Happiness course?
A．It’s an analysis of students’ exams. B．It’s a research platform for the team.
C．It’s the team’s theoretical foundation. D．It’s the collection of research processes.
77．Which of the following belongs to the current principle?
A．Talking to strangers. B．Giving gifts to others.
C．Spending money on oneself. D．Walking in nature with friends.
5. （2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）
If something’s standing in your way to greatness, these top books on motivation can help you overcome
roadblocks so you can realize your dreams. Here’s a look at some of the best books on motivation.
Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff ... and It’s All Small Stuff by Richard Carlson
Learn how to turn problems into opportunities and stay calm in stressful situations with this handy guide
focused on helping readers find happiness and peace of mind. Discover how to master your thoughts and fully live
in the moment to appreciate what you have and get the most out of life.
The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen R. Covey
Highlighting the habits that distinguish those people who deal particularly well with the world from
everyone else, this popular motivation book explains how you can become a better person by adopting the attitude
of the highly effective and aligning (使……一致) your life with universal principles.
How to Win Friends &Influence People by Dale Carnegie
A favorite presenting basic rules for how to make a good first impression and effortlessly win people over,this bestselling motivational book offers timeless advice backed by engaging anecdotes (轶事). Carnegie explains
the easy techniques to help anyone become more popular and persuasive, and he shares simple guidelines to
instantly make yourself more likable.
Smarter Faster Better by Charles Duhigg
Being productive isn’t just about managing your to-do list; it’s also about making the right choices and
maintaining the proper mindset. Staying motivated means sticking to your goals even when the world throws a
challenge of bother at you. And by adopting a few easy methods to stay on track, nothing will stand between you
and your dreams.
83．If you want to be popular, which book may you read?
A．Don’t Sweat the Small Stuff... and It’s All Small Stuff.
B．The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People.
C．How to Win Friends & Influence People.
D．Smarter Faster Better.
84．Who intends to help readers relieve worries in life?
A．Richard Carlson. B．Stephen R. Covey.
C．Dale Carnegie. D．Charles Duhigg.
85．How is Smarter Faster Better different from the other books?
A．It motivates you to achieve your dreams.B．It emphasizes the importance of willpower.
C．It teaches you how to keep a peaceful mind. D．It tells about specific basic rules for success.
6. （2024·河南省洛平许济四市大联考）
......
It gives us a mental framework (框架), to which we can attach unrelated ideas. Even when his trading-card
period was over, my son often linked new numbers with stored-away sports statistics. Your own area of interest
might help you by suggesting soundalike words for people’s names, or letting you “map” travel directions.
......
95．Which probably belongs to a mental framework?
A．Recognizing a pair of twins. B．Lecturing at an opening ceremony.
C．Learning English by watching a film. D．Planning a tour route in a strange city.
7. （2024·江西省重点中学协作体·模拟）
Hollywood’s stars born after 2000
Meet the young stars in Hollywood taking charge of their careers like no generation prior to them.
Millie Bobby Broun
The English teen rose to fame for her role as Eleven in the Netflix science fiction drama series Stranger
Things, for which she earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination (提名) for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a
Drama Series at age 13. She also received several awards for the role.Iain Armitage
Iain Armitage was seen as a troubled Ziggy Chapman in hit series Big Little Lies, and then entered The Big
Bang Theory universe as the lead character in its prequel (前传) Young Sheldon. “I kind of stumbled into acting. I
didn’t think, ‘I want to be an actor when I grow up.’ I do theatre reviews and I always thought I was just a great
audience member. I loved coming to shows. I don’t watch too much TV, which is ironic.”
Mackengie Foy
After modeling from age 3, Foy started acting at 9, playing an extraordinary part in The Twilight Saga as
the daughter of Robert Pattinson and Kristin Stewart’s characters. She went on to play Matthew McConaughey’s
daughter in Christopher Nolan’s 2014 space epic Interstellar and soon after became Disney’s pick to lead its live -
action The Nutcracker and the Four Realms.
Mckenna Grace
After five years on the job, Grace has a résumé that reads like a Hollywood veteran’s, with nearly 50 credits
in TV (Once Upon a Time, Designated Survivor) and film, where she starred in Gifted opposite Chris Evans,
portrayed a young Margot Robbie in I, Tonya and played a junior version of Brie Larson in Captain Marvel.
98．Which one best suits people who enjoy science fiction?
A．Big Little Lies. B．The Twilight Saga.
C．Stranger Things. D．I, Tonya.
99．What can be known about Iain Armitage?
A．He always dreamed of being an actor.
B．It was a coincidence for him to stumble into acting.
C．He was the lead character in Designated Survivor.
D．It was normal for him to take up the acting career.
100．What is special about Mackengie Foy?
A．She has ever been a model.
B．She has played roles in nearly 50 credits.
C．She earned a Primetime Emmy Award for Interstellar.
D．She was picked to lead a live-action in Captain Marvel.
8.（2024·江西省重点中学协作体·模拟）The development of bigger brains has long been considered a
characteristic of our species’ increased intelligence and subsequent dominance (主宰) on this planet. The last two
million years of our evolution were marked by a nearly fourfold (四倍的) increase in brain volume. But a growing
body of evidence suggests our brains recently changed in an unexpected way: They diminished in size sometime
following the end of the last Ice Age.
The precise timing of that post-Ice Age brain shrink has remained a mystery until now. A group of
researchers led by DeSilva used a mixture of fossil and modern sample data to confirm that this loss of gray matter
happened between 3,000 to 5,000 years ago, according to research published in June in the journal Frontiers in
Ecology and Evolution. DeSilva’s group calculated that human brains had remained roughly the same size inaverage volume, about 1,450 cubic centimeters, for roughly the past 150,000 years. That average rapidly dropped
by around 10%, or up to 150 cubic centimeters, over the course of the last few millennia.
DeSilva’s group found that not only did the human brain size shrink in general, but also it decreased relative
to our body size, suggesting that brain size reduction isn’t just a byproduct of our shrinking bodies.
Many anthropologists had explained the changes coincided with the appearance of agricultural practices
around 10,000 years ago, and a global shift away from hunting and gathering. DeSilva’s group point to booming
eras for ancient civilizations in North Africa, the Middle East and South America — complex societies that they
think may have played a role in the shrinkage.
The researchers suggested that perhaps our need to maintain a large brain to keep track of information about
food, social relationships, and our environment has also relaxed in the past few millennia because we could store
information externally in other members of our social circles and groups. That trend is likely strengthened by our
use of books, personal devices and the Internet.
“Like, computers used to be the size of a room, and now they fit in your pocket, so it is important not to
relate brain size to smarts.” DeSilva said.
105．What can be known about the human brain size?
A．Our brain volume has been keeping increasing.
B．The size of human brain has dropped to 150 cubic centimeters.
C．Until now, the accurate timing of brain shrink is no longer mysterious.
D．Fossils and sample data are used to figure out the exact brain shrink period.
106．Which is not the reason for brain shrinkage?
A．Appearance of agriculture. B．Decreased body size.
C．Developed human society. D．Improved brain mechanism.
107．What is DeSilva and his group’s view on the reduction of human brain size?
A．A smaller human brain is less smarter.
B．The reduction of human brain size is just a coincidence.
C．It is a result of brain’s adjustment to social development.
D．The shrinkage of human brain relaxed us the need to store information.
Passage 1（2024年上海复兴中学高三模拟）
During a judging period for a recent short story contest, I started thinking a lot about dialogue tags. Because in
many submissions characters didn’t “say” a thing. They shouted, they inquired, they assumed. Some characters
screamed while others murmured. But no one “said” anything. And I started wondering why.Why do we tell beginner writers to avoid creative dialogue tags in the first place? Why do we insist that
characters should stick to “said,” “asked,” and the occasional “sighed?” And, if the advice is so oft-repeated, why
are writers still unable to resist the siren call of weep, scream, snap, or laugh?
The more I thought about it, the more I understood the temptation. We’re always encouraged to use strong,
actionable verbs in our prose. Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob on weep? Why
wouldn’t we reach for exciting verbs instead of mild-boring dull-blah said? Why couldn’t each verb be a tiny
sparkling gem in its own right?
The problem, I think, is that every jewel needs a setting to become something more than the sum of its parts.
Without something to provide structure, a collection of the world’s most glorious diamonds would still only amount
to a heap of rocks.
And a dialogue tag should never, ever be the diamond in any given sentence.
Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so bright, so
sparkling, so lifelike, so wonderfully realistic that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We don’t
need to be told a character is shouting - we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from
the room.
A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. It’s part of a
story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. Dialogue tags are similar to
lighting in a Broadway play: without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives
to shine without calling too much attention to itself.
What’s more, readers may not initially imagine a particular line being “sobbed.” When we reach the end of a
sentence and find out our leading lady has actually sobbed instead of whispered, it pulls us right out of the story.
We pause. We reread the line. We adjust our understanding and begin again. But that wonderful momentum when
we’re fully immersed in the scene, holding our breath to find out what our heroine says next, is lost.
Creating a successful work of fiction is about giving the reader all the materials they need to build your
fictional world in their mind and not a scrap more. Readers need believable dialogue. They need voices so
compelling that they pop right off the page and into our ears. And if you’ve created dynamic characters who speak
words we can really hear you will never need to tell us how something was said.
Senior Editor
1．According to the Senior Editor, the beginner writers are tempted to __________.
A．replace a dull “said” with exciting verbs
B．omit what the character said in a dialogue
C．resist the warning against strong emotions
D．overuse the word “said” in their submissions
2．The Senior Editor compares dialogue tags to __________.
A．glorious diamonds B．heaps of rocks
C．tiny, sparkling gems D．Broadway play lighting
Passage 2（2024年上海建平中学高三模拟）The train was at a standstill, some twenty minutes outside Kolkata, when an unexpected stroke of luck
presented Piya with an opportunity to go for a seat beside a window for some fresh air. She had been sitting in the
stuffiest part of the train compartment, on the edge of a bench: now, moving to the open window, she saw that the
train had stopped at a station called Champahati.
Looking over her shoulder, Piya spotted a tea-seller on the platform. Reaching through the bars of the
window, she called him with a wave. She had never cared for the kind of chai, Indian tea, sold in Seattle, her
hometown in the USA, but somehow, in the ten days she had spent in India she had developed an unexpected taste
for milky, overboiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were no spices in it for one thing, and this was more to
her taste than the chai at home.
She paid for her tea and was trying to get in the cup through the bars when the man in the seat opposite her
own suddenly turned over a page, jolting her hand. She turned her wrist quickly enough to make sure that most of
the tea spilled out of the window, but she could not prevent some from spilling over his papers.
“Oh, I’m so sorry!” Piya was very embarrassed: of everyone in the compartment, this was the last person she
would have chosen to injure with her tea. She had noticed him while waiting on the platform in Kolkata and she
had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt of his head and the way in which he stared at everyone around him, taking
them in, sizing them up, sorting them all into their places.
“Here,” said Piya, producing a handful of tissues. “Let me help you clean up.”
“There’s nothing to be done,” he said testily (暴躁地). “These pages are ruined anyway.”
For a moment she considered pointing out that it was he who had knocked her hand. But all she could bring
herself to say was, “I’m very sorry. I hope you’ll excuse me.”
“Do I really have a choice?” he said. “Does anyone have a choice when they’re dealing with Americans
these days?”
Piya had no wish to get into an argument so she let this pass. Instead, she opened her eyes wide and, in an
attempt to restore peace, came out with, “But how did you guess?”
“About what?”
“About my being American? You’re very observant.”
This seemed to do the trick. His shoulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat. “I didn’t guess,” he said. “I
knew.”
8．In the first paragraph, Piya was relieved when she got a window seat because it meant that_________.
A．there was more room for her luggage
B．she no longer had to suffer from a lack of air
C．there was less chance that she would miss her stop
D．she didn’t have to stand for the rest of the train journey
9．Piya found that the tea or chai she had drunk in India ________.
A．was disappointingly weak in taste B．reminded her of her home in Seattle
C．would have tasted better if served fresh D．was preferable to the chai she had had before
10．When Piya first saw the man she thought that ________.
A．he was someone who was observant of surroundingsB．he seemed to think he was better than other people
C．he had tried to keep his distance from his fellow passengers
D．he had been looking for someone he knew on the station platform
1.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）...
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these
technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have
demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view
identical pieces.
....
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.
2.（2024年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇）
...
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have
collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other
digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new
Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a
mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the
Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes
from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species
are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested
how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like
the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”
said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the
people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their
encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-
catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled
areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their
uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
3.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解A篇）
Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker
to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1 — The Natural World
With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are
sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This
mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future
walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands ofCarlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with
suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused
permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.
Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
1. Which walk takes the shortest time?
A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking.
C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
2. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do?
A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club.
C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide.
3. What do the four walks have in common?
A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers.
C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend.
4.（2024年新高考II卷阅读理解B篇）
......
Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders. “We wanted to do something where we do a call to
artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest,” Trost says. “And as of right now, we’ve received about 120
submissions. The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.”
Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short
stories save transit?
Trost thinks so.
“At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider
experience. So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories,” she says.
And you’ll never be without something to read.
6. What has Trost been doing recently?
A. Organizing a story contest. B. Doing a survey of customers.
C. Choosing a print publisher. D. Conducting interviews with artists.
7. What is Trost’s opinion about BART’s future?
A. It will close down. B. Its profits will decline.C. It will expand nationwide. D. Its ridership will increase.
5.（2023年全国乙卷A篇）
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in
Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She
moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
3. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
.
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
6.（2024年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇）
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声
音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are
special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans
using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find
food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts
as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess
their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place
to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.
Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't
usually like.
......
4. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats.
C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age.
5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.
7.（2024年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇）
“I didn’t like the ending,” I said to my favorite college professor. It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I
was doing an independent study on Victorian literature. I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George
Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending. Prof. Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond
whether I liked it or not. He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters
and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally
positive outcome. Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the endingthey got did make the most sense for them.
......
12. Why did the author go to Prof. Gracie?
A. To discuss a novel. B. To submit a book report.
C. To argue for a writer. D. To ask for a reading list.
8.（2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷A篇）
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programmes throughout the park, and throughout the
year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programmes this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from
the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy
your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long
as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Centre.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colours of the
canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers
continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for
this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on programme to inspire
new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21.Which of the four programmes begins the earliest?
A.Photography Workshops.
B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
9.（2018 年全国Ⅰ卷 C 篇片段）At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these
languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by
many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200
Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New
Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means
that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.34．How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A．About 6,800 . B．About 3,400
C．About 2,400 D．About 1,200.
