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►第 16 讲 推理判断题
（讲义）
【复习目标】
熟练语篇类型和语篇结构
明确命题规律和提问方式
掌握不同题型的解题方法
掌握阅读理解高频同义词转换
【考情分析】
近三年新高考阅读理解推理判断理题细目表
2023 2022 2021
卷别
年份
新高考I卷 7 6 6
新高考II卷 7 4 2
【网络构建】推理判断题概述
命题规律：
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的
题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、
意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入
座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
预计2024年高考推理判断题仍旧占比7题左右。
题型和考查角度：
1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。
预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更是侧重对推理判断题的考查。
错误原因：
1. 主观臆断
2. 缺乏逻辑
3. 过度推理
4. 缺乏常识
选项特征 ：
正确选项特征 例句同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
词性或语态的变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
干扰项特征 例句
张冠李戴 为原文内容，但与题目文不对题，不符合题目要求。
偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半 选项内容 部分正确，部分错误。
颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
以偏概全或以全概偏如：almost, all, nearly, never, completely, 等绝对词
扩缩范围
与文章意义不符。
知识点 一 隐含推断类
锁定关键词：
根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），conclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象
征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型
解题指导：
(1) 浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项
(2) 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信
息去分析判断；
(3) 整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去
进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。
【真题典例】
1. （2023年新高考I卷B篇）
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts
for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let
these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
27. What is the basis for John’s work?
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.知识点 二 观点态度类
锁定关键词：
根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），outstanding（ 优秀
的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hopefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favor of（赞成）, 迅速
确定题型。
解题指导：
(1) 认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向
(2) 关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点
(3) 注意作者或文中人物的措辞
(4) 分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；
(5) 牢记观点态度的常见词语
观点态度 例词
positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的)
支持肯定
humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；
neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、
中立
uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；
negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)
否定反对
critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)。
【真题典例】（2023年新高考II卷D篇）
,
In a follow-up study with 100 university students the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group
members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did
they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant
response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow,
these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have
limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are
enormous.
15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
知识点 三 写作意图类
锁定关键词：根据题干关键词purpose（目的），intend to（打算），want to tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write
this passage to（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。
解题指导：
(1) 根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；
(2) 根据文体推断写作意图
记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲
理展开（to tell a story, to entertain readers, to share an experience...）；
应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言（to sell, to attract, to
persuade, to promote...）
说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（to introduce, to explain, to
inform, to make comparisons...）；
议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
【真题典例】
（2023年新高考II卷B篇）
,
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage
(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a
city in southeast China.
26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
知识点 四 文章出处或写作对象类
锁定关键词：
根据设题方式迅速确定题型:
This passage would be most likely to be found in ．
The passage is probably taken from ．
Where does this text probably come from?
Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from?
The text is intended for ．
解题指导：
(1) 根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象
(2) 根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题
广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；
报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；
杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；
药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；
网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，upload，link，mouse, surf等网络标志
【真题典例】
1.（2023年新高考II卷C篇）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in
almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout
history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books
and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between
different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus
for relations between the generations.
8. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
2. （2023年新高考I卷A篇）
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay
2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
21．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article.
考向一 隐含推断题
1. （2023届福建省厦门一中高三二模试题C篇）
Too much time spent on gaming, smartphones and watching television is linked to heightened levels and
diagnoses (诊断) of anxiety or depression in children as young as age 2, according to a new study.
What do we know about Twenge and Campbell’s study according to paragraph 2?
A．It requires further research.
B．It brings children less comfort.
C．It needs greater ability to finish.
D．It generates more public concern.
考向二 观点态度题
There are times when you are at a critical crossroads with a student and the road you choose will make all thedifference. I knew at that moment the right thing to do was to kneel down next to her chair, and softly say, “You’re
right, Laura. I have used my words unwisely and unkindly. Will you forgive me?” She looked me in the eye and
simply said, “Yes, I forgive you, Mrs. Ekre. I’m sorry, too.”
Which words can best describe the writer?
A．Caring but stubborn. B．Tolerant and open-minded.
C．Strict and changeable. D．Sincere and flexible.
考向三 写作意图题
（2023届湖南省九校联盟第二次联考英语试题）
“How beautiful the jasmine (茉莉花) is! A sweet smell covers the budding twigs. So fragrant, so white,
admired by all lips.” The famed Chinese folk song Jasmine Flower has reached a global audience with its beautiful
melody and lyrics. Equally popular is the traditionally made Jasmine tea, whose elegant fragrance and mellow taste
fascinate countless tea drinkers.
What is the author’s purpose of quoting the song Jasmine Flower?
A．To tell us not to neglect the song.
B．To show the popularity of the song.
C．To introduce the topic—Jasmine tea.
D．To clarify the origin of Jasmine tea.
考向四 文章出处或写作对象题
（2023届湖北省华中师范大学附中二检试题）
●How to Enter:
1. Select how many images you want to enter.
2. Follow the check-out process to pay the entry fee.
3. Select your images and upload; click here to start.
If possible, please name each image with your name and the category you are submitting like this:
“FirstName-LastName-Category. jpg”
●Deadline: March 31, 2023
Where can you see this text probably?
A．In a photography magazine. B．In a photography guidebook
C．On a website. D．In an iPhone manual book.
1. （2023年新高考I卷A篇）
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With
over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available
for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with
hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.21. What is an advantage of MacBike?
A. It gives children a discount. B. It offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2.（2023年新高考I卷C篇）
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
should avoid.
30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
