文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题40 阅读理解之推理判断题（讲案）原卷版
（快问快答+思维导图+考法点拨+真题再练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解推理判断题快问快答 P1
二、阅读理解推理判断题高考考情 P2
三、阅读理解推理判断题命题特点 P2
四、阅读理解推理判断题思维导图 P 3
五、阅读理解推理判断题考法点拨 P 4
考法一：态度推断题 P 4
考法二：预测下段题 P 5
考法三：意图推断题 P 6
考法四：文章出处题 P 7
考法五：文体推断题 P 9
考法六：活动评价题 P 11
六、阅读理解推理判断题真题演练(10 例) P 12
七、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟(4 篇) P 14
模拟一 P 14
模拟二 P 16
模拟三 P 17
模拟四 P 18
一、阅读理解推理判断题快问快答
Q1：阅读理解推理判断题有什么特点？
A1：推理判断题属于阅读理解较难题型，每年必考，占3-6题，需要有较强的阅读理解和做题技能。
Q2：阅读理解推理判断题做题步骤如何？
A2：一是“找词”--先从题干中提取关键性(题眼)，二是“定位”--寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句做
好标记，三是“比对”--仔细比对四个选项与文中原句关系，确认属于哪一种推理判断题，最后去伪存真
确定答案。
Q3：阅读理解推理判断题有哪些考查方法？
A3：阅读理解推理判断题有六大考查方向：一是考查态度推断，二是考查下段话题推断，三是考查写作
意图推断，四是考查文章出处推断，五是考查文体推断，六是考查活动评价推断。
Q4：如何提高阅读理解推理判断题正答率？
A4：一要掌握阅读理解推理判断题命题规律和选项特征，二要不断扩大词汇量，尤其是3500高考高频词
汇，三要广泛进行阅读实践和专项训练，积累推理判断经验，掌握推理判断“源于文章，高于文章”这
一要旨，摸索出一套行之有效的个性化做题模式，四要重视纠错，探寻错误原因，防止出现类似错误。二、阅读理解推理判断题高考考情
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高
的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态
度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的
对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有
所增加。
2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别 细节理解题 推理判断题 推理判断题 主旨大意题
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1
2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3
2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1
三、阅读理解推理判断题命题特点
【设问特点】
特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉
及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? （2024新课标I卷，隐含含义题）
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? （2024新课标I卷，写作意图题）
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? （2024全国甲卷，态度推断题）
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? （2023新课标I卷，人物评价题）
31. What might the author continue talking about? （2023全国乙卷，预测下段题）
21. Where is this text probably taken from? （2022新课标I卷，文章出处题）
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? （2020浙江卷，写作手法题）
27. What is the text? （2022全国乙卷，文体推断题）
【选项规律】
正确选项特征同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
语态变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 为原文内容，但与题目文不对题，不符合题目要求。
偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分错误。
颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
以偏概全如：almost, all, nearly, never, completely 等绝对词与文章意义不
扩缩范围
符。
四、阅读理解推理判断题思维导图
五、阅读理解推理判断题考法点拨
考法一：态度推断题
解题步骤：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹。
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼。
第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用。
第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三个对照，核实后确认最佳答案。
思维导图：
【调研01】(2024全国甲卷第31题)
【原文】Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very
impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and
very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they
want. ”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【调研02】(2023年新高考I卷第35题)
【原文】In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the
group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their
estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it
wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasonedtogether.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies
led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain , the potential implications for group
discussion and decision-making are enormous.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
考法二：预测下段题
解题步骤：
1.从第一段入手。实用类说明文只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容, 顺藤摸瓜, 即可推断下段内容
应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。
2.从最后一段入手。有时候, 作者在最后一段提到一个话题, 但是没有充分说明, 因此需要在下一段
就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明
智选择。
【调研03】 (2023全国乙卷第33题)
【原文】According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes
on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients
(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four
adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and
skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is
reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often
than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like
cooking.
33. What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
【调研04】 (2011安徽卷第63题)
【原文】For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep
underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to
produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely
used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal
and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last
forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement tosupply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.
63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. The advantage of wind power.
B. The design of wind power plants.
C. The worldwide movement to save energy.
D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.
考法三：意图推断题
解题步骤：
第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹。
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼。
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案。
思维导图：
【调研05】(2023新高考I卷第28题)
【原文】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of
what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
28. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
【调研06】 (2023浙江1月卷第33题)
【原文】“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site
Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land
and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One ofthe easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do?
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
考法四：推断出处题
解题步骤：
第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
思维导图：
【调研07】 (2023全国乙卷第35题)
【原文】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of
humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while
most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until
fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in
things.
…
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side
often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African
people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their pastachievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back
a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our
first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that
conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【调研08】 (2022新高考I卷第21题)
【原文】 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%;
Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will
be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
…
Late Work
…
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
考法五：文体推断题
解题步骤：
第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
思维导图：解题步骤：
新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新
颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作
特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海
洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
【调研09】 (2022浙江1月卷第26题)
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology
has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem
world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began
a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New
York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon
became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by thesteams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
26. What is the text?
A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
【调研10】（2022全国乙卷C篇）
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the
children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of
Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a
magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they
had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket
of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive
at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her
to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top:
“When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The
snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the
winter.”
24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
26. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
27. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review.
C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
考法六：活动评价题
解题步骤：
第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，特别关注形容词感情色彩进行概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
【调研11】（2023新高考II卷第26题）
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a
calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get
outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching.影响深远的 B. Predictable.可预测的
C. Short-lived.短暂的 D. Unidentifiable.难以确认的
【调研12】（2023全国乙卷第27题）
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石
英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided
to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the
background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However,
we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the
place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos,
they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared
and managed my time wisely.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
六、阅读理解推理判断题真题演练
【演练01】（2024新课标I卷第27题）Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is
any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical
Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I
will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?
A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
【演练02】（2024新课标I卷第27题）
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not
available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,
educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【演练03】（2024新课标I卷第35题）
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of
oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve
the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the
identification of their uploaded image.”
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【演练04】（2024新课标II卷第24题）
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our
phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a
three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco
Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like
short story.”
24. Why did BART start the kiosk program?
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
【演练05】（2024新课标II卷第30题）
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work.
Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use
plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMFemployee.
30. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strong environmental awareness.
【演练06】（2024全国甲卷第29题）
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled
to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River,
including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate
doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
【演练07】（2024新课标II卷D篇）
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-
powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This
absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the
forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady
into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable,
moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says,
will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its
future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we
keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they
are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history
and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future
with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness
rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes.
B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions.
D. It is intended for AI professionals.
34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI.
B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI.
D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
七、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟
【模拟01】（2025·浙江·模拟预测）
The Mona Lisa is the famous Leonardo da Vinci painting of a woman with a mysterious smile. This week,
the woman parted her lips to whisper an ancient secret.
Scientists using X-rays to examine the chemical structure of a small part of the painting discovered a
technique Leonardo used in the work. An oil paint used for it was a special, new chemical mixture, which suggests
that the Italian artist was in an experimental mood when he worked on the painting in the 16th century.
“He loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically,” said Victor
Gonzalez, a chemist who has studied the chemical element of several works by Leonardo and other artists. The
researchers found a rare lead compound (铅化合物) — plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The
discovery proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint. The paint in the study
is about the thickness of a human hair, lying in the top right area of the painting.
The scientists looked into its atomic (原子的) structure using X-rays, moving particles at the speed of light,
permitting researchers to look deeper into the paint structure. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,
as it’s the first time we can chemically confirm it,” Gonzalez said.
Rembrandt, the Dutch master, may have employed a similar blend in his 17th-century paintings. Gonzalez
and fellow researchers have also detected plumbonacrite in his art. It’s believed that Leonardo used lead oxide
powder, which has an orange color, to thicken his oil paint and speed up drying. “What you will get is an oil that
has a very nice golden color,” Gonzalez said. “It flows more like honey.”
But the Mona Lisa — said by the Louvre to be a portrait (肖像) of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of aFlorentine silk businessman — There’s more to her gaze than meets the eye. “What we are saying is just a little
brick in the knowledge,” Gonzalez said.
1．What technique did da Vinci potentially use in the Mona Lisa?
A．The employment of tailored X-rays.
B．The application of a rare lead compound.
C．A special mixture of oil paints.
D．The universal use of atomic structures.
2．What does the use of plumbonacrite suggest about Leonardo’s painting approach?
A．Willingness to experiment.
B．Giving priority to conventions.
C．Technically identical output.
D．Concentration on paint drying.
3．What is Gonzalez’s attitude towards the use of lead oxide powder?
A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
4．What can we infer about the Mona Lisa from the last paragraph?
A．It still holds secrets yet to be uncovered.
B．It echoes the realities of the worldly life.
C．It’s a perfect combination of old and new.
D．It serves as the key to understanding Leonardo.
【模拟02】（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide.
The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story
is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用)
and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our
emotional attachments to them.
Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人
性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to
recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours:
Language.
Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new
generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless.
Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change
their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage.After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab
research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that
people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will
even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use
this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours
after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell
me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its
benefit.
Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals
who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously —
these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our
social relationships.
5．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1?
A．To prove an opinion. B．To raise a subject.
C．To share an example. D．To explain a concept.
6．How do human interact with the machines effectively?
A．By improving the machines’ imagination.
B．By sharpening the machines’ language skills.
C．By applying the machines’ facial recognition.
D．By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior.
7．What does paragraph 4 focus on?
A．The advancements in AI technology in lab.
B．The marketing strategies of AI applications.
C．The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI.
D．The ability of AI understanding human emotions.
8．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024?
A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous.
B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon.
C．It will become a threat to human social skills.
D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology.
【模拟03】（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）The Mona Lisa is the famous Leonardo da Vinci painting of a
woman with a mysterious smile. This week, the painting gave up a secret.Scientists used X-rays to examine the chemical organization of an extremely small part of the more than 500-
year-old painting. The researchers discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. A team in France and
Britain discovered an oil paint used for the Mona Lisa was a special, new chemical mixture. It suggests that the
Italian artist may have been in an experimental mood when he set to work on the painting early in the 16th
century.
“He was someone who loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically,”
said Victor Gonzalez. He is the study’s lead writer. “In this case, it’s interesting to see that indeed there is a
specific technique for the ground layer of the Mona Lisa,” he said in an interview with The Associated Press.
Specifically, the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite (水蛭石), in Leonardo’s first layer of paint.
The discovery, Gonzalez said, proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint.
The scientists looked into its atomic structure using X-rays in a synchrotron (同步加速器). The machine
moves particles at close to the speed of light, permitting researchers to look deeper into the paint structure.
“Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,” Gonzalez said. “It’s the first time we can actually chemically
prove it.”
Dutch artist Rembrandt may have used a similar mixture when he was painting in the 17th century. Gonzalez
and other researchers have found plumbonacrite in his work, too. “It also tells us that those recipes were passed on
for centuries,” Gonzalez said. “It was a very good recipe.”
But the Mona Lisa and additional works by Leonardo still have other secrets to tell. “There are plenty, plenty
more things to discover,” Gonzalez said. “What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.”
9．What is the secret of the painting of the Mona Lisa?
A．The use of plumbonacrite. B．Leonardo’s love for experiment.
C．The way to dry the painting. D．The oil in the first layer.
10．What is Gonzalez’s attitude to the painting’s secret?
A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed.
11．How does the author support the topic of the text?
A．By making comparisons. B．By listing related examples.
C．By describing the study process. D．By quoting experts’ opinions.
12．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Creative Painter B．A Smiling Mona Lisa
C．A New Discovery in the Mona Lisa D．A Pioneering Painting
【模拟04】（2024·安徽·二模）Using hypodermic needles to deliver drugs has been common for more than a
century. The past hundred years have seen all manner of medical advances, yet the needle has stayed mostlyunchanged. Although now available in a variety of different sizes, it remains a hollow (中空的), pointy tube. With
luck, that may soon change. Researchers around the world are looking for ways to ease the passage of needles into
the skin. Many have been inspired by nature.
An obvious source of ideas has been mosquitoes, which manage to take their blood meals almost painlessly.
One reason is that the insects release anaesthetic (麻醉的)chemicals when they first puncture(刺穿)the skin. But
another has to do with the shape and action of their mouthparts.
The point of a mosquito’s mouthparts is serrated (锯齿状的)and softer at its tip. The insect stretches the
skin of its target before biting, and shakes its mouthparts quickly as it pushes it in. All of this helps to reduce the
force needed to puncture the skin. One paper, published in 2020 by a group of researchers in America and China,
found that a mosquito-inspired needle required 27% less force than an ordinary one. And less puncture force
means less pain.
Mosquito-inspired needles might also be useful for delicate procedures such as biopsies (活组织检查). A
paper from the University of Michigan, also published in 2020, found that the lower puncture force led to less
movement of the sampling area, ensuring that the needles were guided accurately to the area, rather than missing
the target.
For now, such devices remain restricted to labs. But there is a big market for better needles. According to
the World Health Organization, around 16bn injections were given in 2018. With one person in four saying they
suffer from trypanophobia, or a fear of needles, the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up
their sleeves would be considerable.
13．Which contributes to mosquitoes’ getting blood without causing pain?
A．The sound they make before biting.
B．The special shape of their mouthparts.
C．The high speed of their action.
D．The small size of their mouthparts.
14．What can we learn about the mosquito-inspired needles from the text?
A．They have been put on the market.
B．They required more puncture force than the ordinary ones.
C．It’s easier for them to get through the skin.
D．The lower puncture force may cause them to miss the target.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards the mosquito-inspired needles?
A．Unclear. B．Tolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A．The painless needles inspired by nature.
B．The application of the mosquito-inspired needles.
C．The latest medical advances made by researchers.
D．Mosquitoes’ unique way to take the blood painlessly.
【模拟05】（2024·广东·二模）Americans have adopted dogs in record numbers in the pandemic (流行病),
and we really don’t like leaving our new family members home on their own. We worry that they’ll be lonely, or
worse, chew the furniture. So we ask: What would we want to do if we were at home with nothing to do? Watch
TV, of course.
DogTV, a channel for dogs, has been available in the United States since 2012. Last month it expanded to
reach dogs in England, Australia and New Zealand and is now available in 14 countries. Unsurprisingly, more
than 80 percent of the channel’s subscribers are Americans, who make up the largest pet market in the world.
According to Ron Levi, the founder of DogTV, there is a significant amount of separation anxiety among
pet owners. DogTV was created to provide sensory and visual stimulation that can help reduce this anxiety. Levi
came up with the idea for the channel in 2006 when he realized that dogs are highly social animals and often
struggle when left alone at home. Thus, he decided to focus on their needs.
While some animal behaviorists advocate for the use of toys and puzzles instead of TV, others believe that
certain types of programming can be beneficial when there is nothing else going on. For pet owners like Sage
Randall, who got a new dog named Carrot Cake in 2020 to keep her company while working at home, the guilt of
leaving a pet alone can be great. She laughed when a friend advised her to get DogTV and thought it was crazy to
even imagine a dog actually sitting still to watch television. However, she tried it and was shocked that Carrot
Cake enjoyed watching the different landscapes and seeing other dogs playing. Although DogTV may not be a
perfect solution for every pet owner, it provides an interesting look at how technology is being used to address the
needs of dogs.
As for whether dogs actually enjoy television or if we are simply finding comfort in providing them with
this very human form of entertainment, that remains an open question.
17．Who is most likely to be the author of this article?
A．A dog owner. B．A mobile subscriber.
C．An animal behaviorist. D．An American marketer.
18．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．Americans like dogs best. B．The pet market is growing.
C．Dogs cost their owners a lot. D．DogTV is gaining popularity.
19．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A．How dogs’ needs are met. B．Why DogTV was created.
C．What worries pet owners. D．Who founded the channel.
20．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Sage Randall?
A．To compare different ways of treating dogs.
B．To explain dogs’ fondness for watching TV.
C．To illustrate the attitude of some pet owners.
D．To show the effect of technology on animals.
