文档内容
专题 03 阅读理解之推理判断题
目 录
推理判断题 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
一 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 引 申 推
断-------------------------------------------------------------------------2
二 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 观 点 态
度----------------------------------------------------------------------8
三 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 目 的 和 意
图------------------------------------------------------------------10
四 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 描 述 人 或 事 件 的 特
征-------------------------------------------------------16
五 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 ------ 写 作 手
法---------------------------------------------------------------------22
六 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 文 章 出
处---------------------------------------------------------------------23
七 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 预 测 文 章 走
势---------------------------------------------------------------26
八 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 文 章 结
构-----------------------------------------------------------------------29
九 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 读 者 对
象---------------------------------------------------------------------34
十 、 （ 高 考 真 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判断----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
03 阅读理解之推理判断题
最新模拟演练
一、阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断
1.（2024·吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模）
Indeed, the transformation of the concept of the animal in modern behavioural biology has been fundamental.
This has been confirmed by the death of a third belief: for decades, it was taught that animals behave for the good
of their species. Today we know this is not the case. Rather, animals do everything to ensure that copies of their
own genes are passed to the next generation with maximum efficiency and, when necessary, they will also kill
conspecifics. Clearly, they are not, as Jane Goodall had once famously hoped, ‘like us, but better’.
29．It can be inferred that animals’ behavioural actions are mainly driven by __________.
A．their desire to protect their species.
B．their ability to recognize themselves in mirrors.
C．their urge to guarantee the gene transmission.
D．their eagerness to be socially interacted.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Today we know this is not the case. Rather, animals do everything to ensure
that copies of their own genes are passed to the next generation with maximum efficiency and, when necessary,
they will also kill conspecifics. (今天，我们知道情况并非如此。 相反，动物尽一切努力确保自己基因的副
本以最大的效率传递给下一代，在必要时，它们也会杀死同种动物。)”可推知，动物的行为主要由他们急
于保证基因的传播而驱动。故选C。2.（2024·吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模）
Behind the Mask
Wearing the face of Patih Manis, a character in Bali’s dance dramas, means more than simply putting on a
tapel, or mask.
“When you dance with a tapel and perform its character, you undergo a transformation,”says I Made Bandem, a
scholar and teacher of Balinese arts – and a dancer for seven decades. “You must’marry’that mask and make ritual
(仪式) offerings to create unity between yourself and the tapel. Many dancers will sleep with the mask beside them,
so that they can learn its true character.”
32．What can we learn about tapel from the first two paragraphs?
A．Tapel refers to a character’s name.
B．Tapel is supposed to be with the dancers all along.
C．Tapel builds a bridge between the dancer and the true character.
D．Tapel experiences dramatic changes when worn by a dancer.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的““When you dance with a tapel and perform its character, you
undergo a transformation,” says I Made Bandem, a scholar and teacher of Balinese arts – and a dancer for seven
decades. “You must ‘marry’ that mask and make ritual(仪式) offerings to create unity between yourself and the
tapel. Many dancers will sleep with the mask beside them, so that they can learn its true character.”(“当你戴上
tapel并扮演它的角色时，你会经历一种变身，”巴厘岛艺术的学者和教师兼已舞蹈家七十年的I Made
Bandem说。“你必须‘嫁’给那个面具，并进行仪式祭祀，以在你和tapel之间创造统一。许多舞者会把
面具放在身旁睡觉，以便了解它的真正性格。”)”可推知，tapel在舞者和真实人物之间架起了一座桥梁。
故选C项。
3.（2024·江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测）
The PAL-V Liberty is a revolutionary vehicle that can travel on both land and air. It is the world’s first
commercial flying car, and it is now available for pre-order. The PAL-V Liberty is developed by a Dutch company
called PAL-V International B．V., which stands for Personal Air and Land Vehicle. The company has been working
on the project since 2001, and has successfully tested the prototype in 2012.
The PAL-V Liberty is a two-seater hybrid car and gyroplane, which means it has a three-wheeled chassis and a
foldable rotor on top. It can switch between driving mode and flying mode in about 10 minutes, with the help of a
semi-automatic system. It has a top speed of 160 km/h on the road and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up to 500km on a single tank of fuel. It uses regular gasoline, and can be refueled at any gas station.
The PAL-V Liberty is expected to be delivered to customers in 2023, alter obtaining the necessary
certifications from aviation authorities. The company claims that the vehicle meets the existing regulations of both
cars and aircrafts, and that it is safe and easy to operate. However, the PAL-V Liberty is not a cheap vehicle, nor is
it accessible to everyone. It costs599,000 euros (about 4.7 million yuan) for the Pioneer Edition, which includes
flight training courses, power heating and personalization options. There is also a cheaper Sport Edition, which
costs 299,000 euros (about 2.3 million yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er to pay an additional
10,000 euros(about 78,000 yuan) for flight training.
To drive the PAL-V Liberty, one needs both a driving license and a pilot license. The vehicle also requires a
runway or airstrip to take off and land, as it cannot do so vertically like a helicopter. The company says it has
received 70 orders for the vehicle so far, mostly from customers in Europe and North America. The PAL-V Liberty
is a groundbreaking innovation that could change the future of transportation, but it also faces many challenges and
limitations.
9．What can we infer about from the passage?
A．The PAL-V Liberty has been used in our daily life.
B．If you have a pilot license, you can drive the PAL-V Liberty.
C．It can switch between driving and flying mode in a short time
D．The Sport Edition is more attractive features than the Pioneer Edition.
【答案】 C
【解析】本文是新闻报道。介绍了PAL-V Liberty是一种革命性的交通工具，可以在陆地和空中行驶，这是
世界上第一辆商用飞行汽车，目前已可预订。
推理判断题。根据第二段“It can switch between driving mode and flying mode in about 10 minutes, with the
help of a semi-automatic system.(在半自动系统的帮助下，它可以在大约10分钟内从驾驶模式切换到飞行模
式)”可知，PAL-V Liberty可以在短时间内在驾驶和飞行模式之间切换。故选C项。
4. （2024·河北省沧州市三县联考高三上学期11月月考）
A sandstone slab (石板) and other stone tools unearthed in Vietnam give insight into how curry (咖喱) was
made and reveal that curry was eaten in the region at least 2,000 years ago.
The sandstone slab, buried 2 meters below the surface, was dug up in 2018 at Oc Eo in southern Vietnam. The
site was once an overseas trading center of an ancient Southeast Asian kingdom known as Funan, according to a
new study.“Preparing curry involves not only a diverse range of seasoning but also the use of grinding (研磨) tools,
considerable time, and human effort,” said study author Dr. Hsiao chun Hung. “Remarkably, even individuals
residing outside of India nearly 2,000 years ago expressed a strong desire to enjoy the flavors of curry, as evidenced
by their careful preparations.”
Hung and a team of researchers analyzed microscopic remains known as starch grains—tiny structures found
within plant cells that can be preserved over long periods—that they found on the grinding tools.
“Nowadays, preparing curry in Vietnam has become much simpler for most families due to the widespread
availability of bagged curry in supermarkets. However, it is interesting to note that the curry recipe used today has
not varied significantly from the ancient times,” said study co-author Dr. Khanh Trung Kien Nguyen. Nguyen
added that the team planned to recreate the 2,000-year-old curry based on the microscopic remains found at the site.
People were likely enjoying curry in India about 4,000 years ago. Some of the components recovered at Oc Eo
are similar to those found in Indian curries, while other components are more distinctively Southeast Asian. The
new study concluded that curry recipes arrived in Southeast Asia with South Asian traders as contact between the
regions increased during the early centuries of the first millennium.
1．What did Dr. Hsiao-chun Hung think of preparing curry in the past?
A．It was a complex process. B．It differed from one another.
C．It demanded little effort. D．It was environment-friendly.
2．What can we infer about the ancient curry recipes?
A．They restricted regional trade. B．They were mainly consumed in Vietnam.
C．They linked various cultures. D．They were first favored by Southeast Asians.
【答案】 1．A 2．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了2018年考古人员在越南Oc Eo发掘出一块加工咖喱的石板及
其他石器，该遗址曾经是一个被称为扶南的古代东南亚王国的海外贸易中心。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段“‘Preparing curry involves not only a diverse range of seasoning but also the use
of grinding (研磨) tools, considerable time, and human effort,’ said study author Dr. Hsiao chun Hung.(该研究的
作者Hsiao chun Hung博士说:“制作咖喱不仅需要各种各样的调味料，还需要使用研磨工具、大量的时间和
人力。”)”可知，Hsiao-chun Hung认为制作咖喱是一个繁琐的过程。故填A。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some of the components recovered at Oc Eo are similar to those found in
Indian curries, while other components are more distinctively Southeast Asian. The new study concluded that curry
recipes arrived in Southeast Asia with South Asian traders as contact between the regions increased during the earlycenturies of the first millennium.(在Oc Eo发现的一些成分与印度咖喱中发现的成分相似，而其他成分则更具
东南亚特色。这项新的研究得出结论，在第一个千年的最初几个世纪里，随着南亚地区之间的联系增加，
咖喱食谱随着南亚商人来到东南亚。)”可推断，这些古老的咖喱调料曾经沟通着不同的文明。故选C。
5.（2024·河南省新乡市高中毕业班阶段性测试（三））
“It’s like she never left us,” Britnee recalled. “She came right into our arms.” The Smiths said they were unsure
what happened to Jill in the three years away, although she’d been found just a few blocks away from their old
house. “We wish she could talk,” Rex said. “We have so many questions to ask her.” Jill was overall healthy but
had suffered some scratches. Her paws were raw, likely from the 100-degree Fahrenheit heat in Arkansas.
7．What conclusion can be drawn about Jill from the text?
A．She was adopted several times.
B．She was with Jack in the past few years.
C．She was discovered near Britnee’s new home.
D．She was indeed greatly valued by her owners.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The Smiths immediately took her to the vet and dog spa, where Jill
had her nails clipped, her teeth brushed and her hair combed.(史密斯夫妇立即带她去了兽医和狗狗水疗中心，
在那里，吉尔剪了指甲，刷了牙，梳了头。)”可知，Jill的主人确实非常珍视她。故选D。
6. （2024·河南省新乡市高中毕业班阶段性测试（三））
Hadany wonders whether other plants and insects already tune into plant pops. Other studies have suggested
that plants respond to sounds. And animals from pests (害虫), moths to mice can hear in the range of the ultrasonic
clicks. Sounds made by plants could be heard from around five meters away. Hadany’s team is now studying what
the living things near the plants will do after hearing the sounds.
15．What still remains unknown to Hadany’s team?
A．Whether the sounds of plants can travel far.
B．Whether animals can hear the sounds of plants.
C．How the neighbors of plants respond to their sounds.
D．How plants and animals communicate with each other.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。文章最后一句讲到“Hadany’s team is now studying what the living things near the
plants will do after hearing the sounds. (哈达尼的团队正在研究植物附近的生物在听到声音后会做什么。)”可知，哈达尼的团队还不知道的是植物的邻居对它们的声音有什么反应，故选C。
7. （2024•四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
The good news is that something as simple as a 10-minute break, if used correctly, can help reduce the effects of
digital intensity. “If you give yourself a break, and do something like mediation, reading, drawing — anything that
turns your brain to something more relaxing,” says Dr Michael Bohan, the director of Microsoft’s Human Factors
Engineering Lab, “the brain will begin to produce alpha waves.” After the break, “you’ll be more engaged and
focused, he adds. “Taking breaks lets you refresh, and maintain better brain health across the day.”
What can we infer about the function of alpha waves mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．It makes us sleep better. B．It helps improve concentration.
C．It causes tension and anxiety. D．It helps find new communication ways.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“After the break, “you’ll be more engaged and focused, he adds.(休息之
后，“你会更投入、更专注，”他补充道)”可知，阿尔法波可以让人更加投入和专注。故选B。
8. （2024•四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we
humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability
to do so. The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than
they absorb.
What does the author imply in Paragraph 1?
A．Forests may become a potential threat.
B．Extreme weather conditions may arise.
C．People may misunderstand global warming.
D．Global climate change may get out of control.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight
against climate change.(森林为我们提供了阴凉、宁静，也应对气候变化的更艰巨挑战之一)”和“The climate
change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than they absorb.(我们正
在加速的气候变化可能有一天会让我们的森林释放出比吸收更多的碳)”可推知，作者在第一段中暗示了森
林释放出的碳也许有一天会比吸收的更多。由此推知，森林可能成为一个潜在的威胁。故选A项。
二、阅读理解之推理判断---观点态度1.（2024•黑龙江省佳木斯市四校联考高三上学期11月期中）
Ein-Eli said disposable masks, in high demand globally during the health crisis, were not economically or
environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly, and this is our solution,” he said.
15．What’s the attitude of Ein-Eli to the new type of face mask?
A．supportive B．negative C．doubtful D．indifferent
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“Ein-Eli said disposable masks, in high demand globally during
the health crisis, were not economically or environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly,
and this is our solution,” he said. ( 恩-伊莱说，在卫生危机期间，全球对一次性口罩的需求量很大，但这既
不经济，也不环保。他说:“你必须让它可重复使用且友好，这就是我们的解决方案。”)”可知，Ein-Eli对
新口罩是支持的。故选A。
2. （2024•四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it
would require interactions with others. But later, I was astonished when I got to experience it firsthand.
Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer (同伴) review. I would never have taken
part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work independently. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I
had done something that I thought was nearly impossible — it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of
my mistakes and told me where I could give more detail.
One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I’ve always loved public
speaking but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer
activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and inspired me to do more to make my
presentation the best it could possibly be.
Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-
working culture that allows us to push our boundaries and keep going It creates a sense of community since we are
all working towards a similar goal.
As an active boy, I have always been ahead and advanced, but in a normal classroom, there are restrictions on
what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new
content when I’m ready. I have ownership of my work and pursue my goals.
Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and
myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to anormal classroom.
1．What was the author’s initial response to Summit Learning?
A．He was astonished to hear about it. B．He was a bit excited about it.
C．He was unwilling to attend it. D．He was curious about how it worked.
2．How did the author benefit from the poetry project?
A．It reminded him to be independent. B．It improved his poem and confidence..
C．It raised him a sense of responsibility. D．It allowed him to deliver a public speech.
3．What can be inferred about Summit Learning?
A．It has restrictions on what one can do.
B．It shows boundaries of one’s abilities.
C．It teaches poetry in a normal classroom.
D．It transforms the traditional way of learning.
4．What does the author think of Summit Learning now?
A．Inspiring. B．Enjoyable. C．Challengıng. D．Conservative.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参加Summit Learning课程的经历和感受。
1．作者态度题。根据第一段的“When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit
happy and excited at all.(当我第一次听说Summit Learning的时候，我承认我一点也不高兴和兴奋)”和第
二段的“I would never have taken part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work independently.(如果由
我来决定，我绝不会参加，因为我更喜欢独立工作)”可知，作者对Summit Learning的第一反应是不想参
加。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段的“The peer activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my
ability and inspired me to do more to make my presentation the best it could possibly be.(我们和一个伙
伴一起做的同伴活动让我对自己的能力更有信心，并激励我做更多的事情，使我的演讲尽可能最好)”可知，
诗歌活动提高了作者的诗歌和信心。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As an active boy, I have always been ahead and advanced, but in a
normal classroom, there are restrictions on what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond
expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new content when I’m ready. I have ownership of
my work and pursue my goals.(作为一个好动的男孩，我一直走在前面，不断进步，但是在一个正常的教
室里，我所能做的是有限制的。有了Summit Learning，我可以在项目中超越预期，或者在我准备好的时候继续学习新内容。我对自己的工作有主人翁精神，并追求自己的目标)”推知，Summit Learning转变了
学习的方式。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and
change. It has helped me see people and myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of
my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a normal classroom.(峰会学习向我展示了人可以成长和改
变多少。它帮助我以不同的方式看待别人和自己。这是我一生中最伟大的经历之一，我无法想象自己会回
到正常的教室)”可推知，作者认为Summit Learning非常有启发意义的。故选A。
3. （2024•四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife and
opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing
carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
What is the author’s attitude towards California’s Forest Carbon Plan?
A．Worried. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to
play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve
as a model.(直到最近，他们才认识到森林在储存碳方面所起的重要作用。加州的计划预计将于明年由州长
最终确定，它应该成为一个榜样)”可知，作者认为加州的计划应该成为一个榜样。由此推知，作者对它是
持支持态度。故选D项。
三、阅读理解之推理判断---目的和意图
1.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调）
Although there is much more to learn, oceanographers have already made some amazing discoveries. For
example, we know that the ocean contains towering mountain ranges and deep valleys, just like those on land. The
peak of the world’s tallest mountain—Mount Qomolangma in the Himalaya, measuring 8848. 86 meters high-
would not even break the surface of the water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench or Philippine
Trench, two of the deepest parts of the ocean. On the other hand, the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because
large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—parts of the continents that extend far out into the
ocean. The average depth of the entire ocean is 3.720 meters.
33．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 2?
A．Reasons why ocean floors are rough.
B．Significance of the ocean floor to animals.
C．The heights of different mountain ranges.D．Some ocean knowledge from oceanographers.
【答案】D
【解析】目的和意图题。根据第二段中“Although there is much more to learn, oceanographers have already
made some amazing discoveries. (虽然还有很多东西要学，但海洋学家已经有了一些惊人的发现。)”以及后
文所举实例可知，本段讲述了海洋学家所发现的一些有关海洋的知识。故选D。
2. （2024·广东省四校联考高三上学期11月月考）
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard
that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine
that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement
about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern
Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-
century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a
sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were
simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging
ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us
directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met
many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths
through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own
sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is
rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
1．How did the writer first respond to Paul’s travel plan?
A．Puzzled. B．Scared. C．Surprised. D．Disappointed.
2．What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2?
A．He had a knowledge of China.
B．He was a western journalist.C．He came to China several times.
D．He was Joseph Rock’s acquaintance.
3．What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul?
A．They built bonds with people.
B．They satisfied the locals’ curiosity.
C．They set off in high spirits.
D．They honored the ancestors.
4．What is the main purpose of the writer’s writing the text?
A．To suggest a new way of travel.
B．To share and reflect on a journey.
C．To advocate protection of biodiversity.
D．To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．A 7．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，去年5月，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的
Paul Salopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文中描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。
1．推理判断题。 根据第一段中的“I have to admit that when I first heard that Paul Salopek was going to walk
the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine that there could be such an unusual
person in the world.(我不得不承认，当我第一次听说保罗·萨洛佩克要用自己的两只脚走完整个地球时，我
惊呆了。我无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人)”可知，作者最初对Paul的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选
C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great
excitement about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao
(the Southern Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the
early 20th-century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them
heroes and in a sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.(他告诉我这是他第一次来中国。他非常兴奋地和我
谈论我所在地区的历史、移民和发现。他谈到了蜀道-盐都道(南方丝绸之路)、17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的
旅行、茶马古道和20世纪初美国植物学家约瑟夫·洛克。他还谈到了玄奘。保罗认为他们中的许多人是英
雄，在某种意义上是中国慢新闻的先驱)”可知Paul Salopek和作者谈论所在地区的历史、移民和发现，可推
知，Paul Salopek对中国有一定的了解。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us andwatching us; some gave us directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of
their hometown. We met many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.(我
们在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围观着我们观察我们；有些人给了我们指引；有些人邀请我们到
他们家休息；有些人谈论着他们家乡的魅力。我们遇到了许多美丽的灵魂，朴实的灵魂和温暖的灵魂。我
们在用心走路)”据此可推知，作者和Paul与人们建立了联系。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的
Paul Salopek,于是决定陪Paul游云南。文章描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。由此推知，作者写作的
目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选B项。
3. （河南省新乡市2023-2024学年高中毕业班阶段性测试（三））
Throughout history, technological progress has brought new wealth but hasn’t always improved people’s lives.
Economists now say it isn’t clear whether artificial intelligence (AI) will help or hurt society. Simon Johnson
teaches economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He said AI has a lot of possibilities. But he added,
“We are at a fork in the road.”
Supporters say technology will create wealth and improve living standards. Some go as far as saying AI will
increase people’s free time and help them be more creative. But others are worried technology will lead to job
losses. They point to Hollywood writers and actors who are worried that they’ll be replaced by technology.
The Internet arrived with a similar promise of more productivity, wealth and jobs. The French bank Natixis
noted in its research that most of the wealth has gone to a few billionaires. And many of the jobs don’t require
highly paid, skilled workers. The bank warned in its report, “We should be cautious when estimating the effects of
artificial intelligence on labor productivity.”
Research of 5,300 workers about AI shows that some workers hope technology will increase pay and job
satisfaction. But they’re also concerned that technology could push people to work too hard. History has also
shown the economic effect of technological progress is generally uncertain, unequal and even harmful.
Johnson noted that it’s easier to create something new than to make sure it works for everyone. His book,
Power and Progress, shows how the arrival of rail travel improved the lives of many people in England in the
1800s. People were able to travel longer distances and eat fresh food because it could move faster from farms to
cities. On the other hand, Johnson said self-checkout technology at food stores doesn’t lower the costs or make life
easier for people. All it does is reduce the number of workers and help businesses lower labor costs.
As for AI technology, Johnson wonders if it’ll make existing inequalities worse, or help us get back to
something fairer.1．Why does the author mention Hollywood writers and actors in paragraph 2?
A．To show the widespread use of AI.
B．To indicate people’s anxiety about AI.
C．To stress people’s high expectation of AI.
D．To reveal the wealth-creating function of AI.
2．Which word can best describe people’s concerns about AI in paragraph 4?
A．Well-founded. B．Unreasonable.
C．Ill-judged. D．Unnecessary.
【答案】 1．B 2．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是技术进步对社会是有益还是有害。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“But others are worried technology will lead to job losses. They point to
Hollywood writers and actors who are worried that they’ll be replaced by technology. (但其他人担心技术会导致
失业。他们指出，好莱坞的作家和演员担心他们会被科技取代。)”可知，作者在第二段提到了好莱坞的作
家和演员是为了表明人们对人工智能的焦虑。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“History has also shown the economic effect of technological progress is generally
uncertain, unequal and even harmful. (历史也表明，技术进步的经济影响通常是不确定的、不平等的，甚至
是有害的。)”可知，人们对人工智能的担忧是有历史根据的，因此可用well-founded (有根据的)来描述人们
对人工智能的担忧。故选A。
4. （2024·河南省新乡市高中毕业班阶段性测试（三））
Hadany and her colleagues first heard the clicks when they set microphones next to plants on tables in a lab.
The microphones caught some noises. But the researchers needed to make sure that the clicking was coming from
the plants. So, the scientists placed plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement, far from the noise of the lab.
There, microphones picked up ultrasonic pops from thirsty tomato plants. Though it was outside humans’ hearing
range, the clicking made by plants was about as loud as a normal conversation.
13．Why did the scientists put plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement?
A．To enjoy the sounds made by the plants.
B．To have a better conversation with the plants.
C．To find out whether the plants did make sounds.
D．To keep the plant sounds within their hearing range.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。文章第三段讲到“But the researchers needed to make sure that the clicking was comingfrom the plants. So, the scientists placed plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement, far from the noise of the
lab. (但研究人员需要确保这种滴答声来自植物。因此，科学家们把植物放在地下室的隔音箱里，远离实验
室的噪音。)”可知，科学家们把植物放在地下室的隔音箱里是为了弄清这些植物是否会发出声音。故选
C。
5. （2024·江西省萍乡市高三上学期一模）
Late nights, early starts, nightmares, anxiety, children ... there are so many things that can cut into our shut-
eye. When does that threaten our health — and what can we do about it?
To start with the basics: if you are getting anywhere from seven to nine hours a night, you’re probably fine.
But you should certainly get concerned with consistently sleeping less than seven hours a night, and really
concerned if it dropped to six or below. “If you are waking up a lot in the night, this will impact the quantity and
quality of your sleep, which can lead to harm in your immune system, impairment in gut (肠道) health and many
other side-effects,” says Christopher Barker, a personal trainer and sleep management adviser. “It may be an
indicator of a sleep disorder or another underlying health condition — if you’re concerned about any of these
issues, it’s worth talking to your doctor.”
So what is your best bet for catching some quality Zs? Well, start during the day. Try to expose yourself to
sunlight during the day to keep your circadian rhythms on track. Physical activity can also help: sleep and exercise
have a bidirectional relationship. In a 2022 poll, participants who undertook vigorous physical activity tended to
fall asleep faster, woke up less during the night and woke up feeling refreshed, compared with non-exercisers.
Why does the author mention “so many things” in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To make comparisons.
C．To support his/her argument. D．To seek opinions.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话“When does that threaten our health — and what can we do
about it?(这什么时候会威胁到我们的健康——我们该怎么办？)”以及第三段第一、二、三句话“So what is
your best bet for catching some quality Zs? Well, start during the day. Try to expose yourself to sunlight during the
day to keep your circadian rhythms on track. (那么，如果你想睡个好觉，最好的办法是什么呢？从白天开始。
试着在白天把自己暴露在阳光下，保持你的生理节奏在正常的轨道上)”可推知，文章第一题段提出的“这
些事情”是为了让人们意识到睡眠问题，从而引出本文的主旨“提高睡眠质量的方法”。故选A。
四、阅读理解之推理判断---描述人或事件的特征
1.（2024·吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模）Phebe Cox grew up in what might seem an unlikely mental health danger zone for a kid: tony Palo Alto,
California. But behind its surface of family success and wealth, she said, is an environment of heavy pressure on
students to perform. By 2016, when Cox was in middle school, Palo Alto had a teen suicide (自杀) rate four times
the national average.
Cox’s family lived by the railroad tracks where many of the suicides occurred. She got counseling (咨询). But
that choice is not always easily available to teens in crisis – and she and her peers regarded school mental health
services as their last choice because of concerns about privacy.
A new program provides an alternative. Called Allcove, it offers unattached health and wellness sites to those
ages 12 to 25. Although Allcove is built to support a wide range of physical, emotional and social needs, its main
goal is to deal with mental health challenges before they develop into deeper problems. Cox said,“I felt pretty
helpless as a young teenager, but Allcove is all about the students and the students’ needs.”
About half of all lifetime mental illness begins by age 14 and 75% before age 25, according to researchers. Yet
access to mental health care in the U.S. is lacking. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, some 30
million adults and children with mental health conditions go without treatment, and 129 million people live in areas
with shortages of mental health professionals.
Allcove provides fully staffed safe spaces for teens and young adults to discuss and deal with their health, both
mental and physical. Dr. Steven Adelsheim, a psychiatrist, who created the Allcove in 2014, said, “There is a crying
need in the U.S. to reach kids with early intervention and help.” Sometimes a kid may come in with a physical
complaint, and only after a few visits is the mental suffering brought out into the open. When that happens, Alcove
can make a “warm handoff” to a mental health specialist onsite. Success, say Adelsheim and Cox, would mean the
establishment of hundreds of Allcove centers up and down the state and, eventually, around the country.
27．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A．Predictable. B．Short-lived. C．Unidentifiable. D．Significant.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“A new program provides an alternative. Called Allcove, it offers
unattached health and wellness sites to those ages 12 to 25. Although Allcove is built to support a wide range of
physical, emotional and social needs, its main goal is to deal with mental health challenges before they develop into
deeper problems.(一个新计划提供了一个替代方案。名为Allcove的计划为12至25岁的年轻人提供独立的
健康和福祉场所。尽管Allcove旨在支持各种身体、情感和社交需求，但其主要目标是在心理健康问题发
展成更深层次问题之前解决这些挑战)”以及最后一段“Dr. Steven Adelsheim, a psychiatrist, who created theAllcove in 2014, said, “There is a crying need in the U.S. to reach kids with early intervention and help.”
Sometimes a kid may come in with a physical complaint, and only after a few visits is the mental suffering brought
out into the open. When that happens, Alcove can make a “warm handoff” to a mental health specialist onsite.
Success, say Adelsheim and Cox, would mean the establishment of hundreds of Allcove centers up and down the
state and, eventually, around the country.(Allcove的创始人、精神科医生史蒂文·阿德尔海姆博士说：“美国迫
切需要通过早期干预和帮助来接触到孩子们。”有时候，一个孩子可能因体质上的不适而前来就医，但只
有在几次访问之后，他们才会透露出心理痛苦。当发生这种情况时，Allcove可以将他们“转介”给现场的
心理健康专家。阿德尔海姆和Cox表示，成功意味着在整个州内以及最终在全国范围内建立数百个Allcove
中心)”可知，Allcove为12至25岁的年轻人提供独立的健康和福祉场所，能通过早期干预和帮助来接触到
孩子们，所以是有很重要的意义。故选D项。
2.（2024·广东省四校联考高三上学期11月月考）
As athletes get stronger and faster, the pace of play continues to increase. The burden of making sure games
are played according to the rules and that the officiating (裁判) is accurate is now being taken out of human hands
and falling more and more into the lap of technology. It’s called the video replay.
The National Football League is expanding its replay system this upcoming season to include pass interference
(传球干扰). Major League Baseball now relies on it for safe-or-out and home run calls. If you’ve been watching
the FIFA World Cup, you may have noticed that the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key role in almost
every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a horse was disqualified for knocking another horse. No one knew why
until a video replay confirmed the call and controversy was avoided.
However, many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way
—especially in soccer, argue it’s not the way the game was invented, and that the video replay is tainting the sport.
But don’t you want to see the proper application of the rules throughout the games? I know I do. Yes, it can slow
the game down, but I feel it is worth it. If technological advancements allow fans watching from home to spot
mistakes instantly, those same views need to be available to the officiating crews. Another example occurred in the
most recent National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game between the Los Angeles Rams and the
New Orleans Saints. When obvious pass interference was committed by the Los Angeles Rams player Nickell
Robey-Coleman, with just 109 seconds to play, no flag was raised on the field. It weakened the New Orleans Saints
spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video
replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls.
There are no easy answers regarding replay technology and whether it is a curse (魔咒). But for me, keepingthe officiating honest and on task is the right step in limiting controversy.
1．What trend in sports can be observed in paragraph 2?
A．The video replay has been widely used.
B．League games have become competitive.
C．Rules of professional games are becoming stricter.
D．People are showing more interest in sports than before.
2．What might the New Orleans Saints think of the referees in the NFC Championship Game?
A．They relied a lot on the video replay.
B．They cared too much about details.
C．They were definitely stressed out.
D．They were terribly disqualified.
【答案】1．A 2．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着运动员变得更加强壮和快速，比赛的节奏也越来越快，在确
保比赛遵循规则和裁判准确性方面，越来越多地依靠于视频回放技术，以及在体育比赛中采用视频回放技
术的优势和争议。文章提出使用视频回放技术可以让裁判更加公正和准确，并强调了保持裁判员诚实和任
务的重要性。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“The National Football League is expanding its replay system this upcoming
season to include pass interference (传球干扰). Major League Baseball now relies on it for safe-or-out and home
run calls. If you’ve been watching the FIFA World Cup, you may have noticed that the Video Assistant Referee
(VAR) played a key role in almost every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a horse was disqualified for knocking
another horse. No one knew why until a video replay confirmed the call and controversy was avoided.(在即将到来
的赛季中，美国国家橄榄球联盟将扩大其回放系统，将传球干扰纳入其中。美国职业棒球大联盟现在依靠
它来进行安全出局和本垒打。如果你一直在看世界杯，你可能已经注意到视频助理裁判(VAR)在几乎每场
比赛中都发挥着关键作用。在肯塔基赛马比赛中，一匹马因撞到另一匹马而被取消资格。没有人知道为什
么，直到视频回放证实了这一判罚，争议才得以避免。)”可知，美国国家橄榄球联盟、美国职业棒球大联
盟，FIFA世界杯以及肯塔基赛马中都在依靠视频回放作出裁决，由此推知，视频回放在体育赛事中已被广
泛使用。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It weakened the New Orleans Saints spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a
26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video replay showed the referees had just
missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls.(它削弱了新奥尔良圣徒队的士气。洛杉矶公羊队在加时赛中以26比23获胜。这一否决深深激怒了公众。录像回放显示，裁判刚刚错过了一个最明显的传球干
扰判罚。)”可知，视频回放显示，裁判刚刚错过了一个十分明显的传球干扰判罚，而这削弱了新奥尔良圣
徒队的士气。由此推知，新奥尔良圣徒队会认为这些裁判是不称职的。故选D。
3. （2024·河北省沧州市三县联考高三上学期11月月考）
Though Marley has loved soccer for as long as she can remember, her involvement in the game didn’t extend
beyond kickabouts with her father and brothers. But that all changed in 2014 when one day her son came home
from school and handed her a flier (传单), saying that his soccer coach had asked him to deliver it to her. “I’m
reading it... like ‘Wait, Jamaica has a women’s football team? Where did this come from?’” she said.
Six years earlier, in 2008, underfunding had led to the Jamaican Football Federation (JFF) disbanding the
women’s national team program. The flier Marley’s son brought home was a fundraising request from the JFF to
help restart the program. Marley got to work almost immediately, calling the JFF the following morning to ask what
it needed.
“The needs were many,” Marley said, repeating the sentence as if to stress how dire the situation was. From
travel and nutrition to accommodation and training camps, every area of the national team’s setup was in need of
funding.
A skilled musician and multiple Grammy award-winning artist, Marley put her considerable musical talents to
work. “My family came together with me. We recorded a song Strike Hard to raise funds,” she said.
Her efforts—and the work of countless others who were equally as committed to the cause—paid off as the
women’s national team became the first Caribbean country to qualify for the Women’s World Cup.
Marley’s work has helped not only improve standards and conditions for players, but also shift the country’s
attitude towards the women’s national team. “These girls have been told for a long time that women in sports,
especially football in Jamaica, really weren’t that important,” Marley said. “Nobody wants to give us brand deals
because it’s the female team. It’s so good now to see how all of that has changed dramatically, not just for our
women, but around the world... and that makes me excited.”
1．How did Marley probably feel while reading the flier?
A．Astonished. B．Disappointed. C．Grateful. D．Regretful.
2．Which can best describe the impact of Marley’s efforts?
A．Short-lived. B．Negative. C．Far-reaching. D．Unidentifiable.
【答案】1．A 2．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。牙买加知名音乐人Marley自小热爱足球，偶然得知牙买加足联急需资金重建国家女子足球队时，她毅然伸出援手。该队不负众望，成为加勒比海地区第一个获得女子世界杯参赛资格
的国家队。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“‘I’m reading it... like ‘Wait, Jamaica has a women’s football team? Where did
this come from?’ she said,(“我在读……就像‘等等，牙买加有一支女子足球队？这是从哪里来的？’”她
说，)”可推断，Marley在阅读这份传单时可能感到很惊讶。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Marley’s work has helped not only improve standards and conditions for
players, but also shift the country’s attitude towards the women’s national team.(马利的工作不仅帮助提高了球员
的标准和条件，还改变了国家对女子国家队的态度。)”可推断，Marley为国家女子足球队所做的努力影响
深远（far-reaching）。故选C项。
4. （2024·江西省萍乡市高三上学期一模）
Some people get more averse to risk as the years go by. Not so Gail MacCallum, who at age 40 quit a secure
job and left the city to explore more possibilities of life.
MacCallum moved quite a bit in childhood and spent her formative years outside Canberra in a farmhouse
without electricity, where she enjoyed the freedom of the natural world. In her teens, she and her family moved into
the heart of inner-city Sydney, and she found she adored that too.
In 2015, MacCallum and her then partner had a daughter, Amelia. They wanted to make sure that despite being
a city kid, Amelia had plenty of natural encounters so they sought out places to climb trees, watch lizards and spot
turtles. But one day MacCallum realised her little girl was more at ease with busy streets than bushland. “When she
was about seven, we were visiting a friend whose place had a beautiful lawn. Amelia called out to me and said, ‘I
can’t go into the wild!’ We decided we had to let her experience a wider world and two months later we were in a
camper van heading off around Australia.”
MacCallum admits she felt worried. “I thought we’d need to know some basic things but the trip was like a
leap in the dark. ” As it happened, the van they’d bought broke down just 90 minutes into the trip. But after repairs
they set off again and travelled the country for six months, during which Amelia became an enthusiastic adventurer.
“That trip helped me understand that success doesn’t have to be assured,” MacCallum says. “I realised that you can
start something and just work it out as you go along.”
2．What can be inferred from paragraph 3?
A．Amelia was raised in a casual way.
B．Amelia was a nature enthusiast just like her parents.
C．MacCallum and her partner planned the trip separately.D．MacCallum expected her daughter to be close to nature.
2．Which words can best describe their trip?
A．Costly but satisfying. B．Eventful but educational.
C．Boring but meaningful. D．Difficult but romantic.
【答案】 1．D 2．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Gail MacCallum 40岁时辞去了一份稳定的工作，离开了这座
城市，去探索更多的生活可能性，她和丈夫以及女儿在一辆露营车里环游了澳大利亚。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段“We decided we had to let her experience a wider world and two months
later we were in a camper van heading off around Australia.(我们决定让她体验更广阔的世界，两个月后，
我们就在一辆露营车里环游了澳大利亚)”可推知，MacCallum希望她的女儿能亲近大自然。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As it happened, the van they’d bought broke down just 90 minutes
into the trip. But after repairs they set off again and travelled the country for six months, during which
Amelia became an enthusiastic adventurer. “That trip helped me understand that success doesn’t have to
be assured,” MacCallum says. “I realised that you can start something and just work it out as you go
along.”(碰巧的是，他们买的面包车在出发90分钟后就抛锚了。但修好后，他们又出发了，在全国旅行了
六个月，在此期间，阿米莉亚成为了一个热情的冒险家。MacCallum说:“那次旅行让我明白，成功并不一
定是必然的。我意识到，你可以开始做一件事，然后边做边解决。”)”可推知，他们的旅行充满变故但有
教育意义。故选B。
五、阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法
（2024·广东省四校联考高三上学期11月月考）
Many bird species use different alarm calls. Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their
baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends
them jumping out of the nest entirely. Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking
for food or actively attacking — and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.
9．How does the author develop paragraph 2?
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By providing definition. D．By making comparisons.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Many bird species use different alarm calls.(许多鸟类使用不同的
警报信号。)”，第二句“Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their baby birds to getdown to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends them jumping out of
the nest entirely.(在树洞筑巢的日本山雀，有一种叫声能让它们的幼鸟下来，以免被乌鸦拉出巢外，另一种
叫声能让它们完全跳出巢外。)”和第三句“Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen
looking for food or actively attacking — and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.(西伯利亚
松鸦根据敌人是在寻找食物还是在主动攻击而改变它们的叫声，而每一种叫声都会从附近的其他鸟类那里
得到不同的回应。)”可知，第二段是通过举例来论证观点。故选B。
六、阅读理解之推理判断---文章出处
1.（2024·河北省沧州市三县联考高三上学期11月月考）
Ocean temperature extremes are now normal, a new study reports. It has analyzed ocean surface temperatures
for the past 150 years. It reveals that by 2019, 57 percent of the ocean’s surface was warming to temperatures rarely
seen 100 years ago.
Ecologists wanted to learn how often modern extreme heat events occur. They also wanted to see how long
they last. Kisei Tanaka was one of those ecologists. He now works for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) in Honolulu, Hawaii. Tanaka teamed up with Kyle Van Houtan, who works at the
Loggerhead Marinelife Center. The two analyzed monthly sea surface temperatures collected from 1870 through
2019. Then they mapped where and when extreme heat events had shown up, decade by decade.
By looking at monthly extremes instead of annual averages, the two found that over time, more and more
patches (区域) of water were reaching extreme temperatures. Then, in 2014, the entire ocean hit a point of no
return, Van Houtan says.
Heat waves harm ocean ecosystems. They can lead seabirds to starve... And animals—from fish and whales to
turtles—may have to swim long distances in search of comfortable temperatures.
In May 2020, NOAA announced that it was updating what climates it now considered “normal”. These values
are what the agency uses to put daily weather events in a historical context. The average values from 1991 to 2020
are now higher than those from 1981 to 2010, NOAA found.
Van Houtan says his new study shows extreme ocean warming is now the norm. Much discussion on climate
change, he notes, has been about future events, and whether or not they might happen. But what the emerging data
make clear, he says, is that extreme heat became common in our ocean in 2014. It’s a documented historical fact—
not a future possibility.
1．Why did the ecologists conduct the research?
A．To prove what they had forecast. B．To recognize the value of the data.C．To update readers on newfound species. D．To find out the trend of ocean record heat.
2．What does Van Houtan want to stress at last?
A．People’s lifestyle will be greatly affected. B．It is a must to discuss the climate change.
C．Scientists must focus on historical events. D．Ocean heat extremes are the new normal.
3．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Nature. B．Travel. C．Business. D．History.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科研人员通过分析过去150年间的海洋温度资料发现如今海洋温
度升高呈现不可逆转的趋势。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Ecologists wanted to learn how often modern extreme heat events occur.
They also wanted to see how long they last. (生态学家想要了解现代极端高温事件发生的频率。他们还想看看
它们能持续多久。)”可知，生态学家开展此研究是为了探寻海洋温度升高呈现的趋势。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Van Houtan says his new study shows extreme ocean warming is now the
norm. Much discussion on climate change, he notes, has been about future events, and whether or not they might
happen. But what the emerging data make clear, he says, is that extreme heat became common in our ocean in
2014. ( Van Houtan说，他的新研究表明，海洋极端变暖现在是常态。他指出，关于气候变化的许多讨论都
是关于未来的事件，以及它们是否会发生。但他说，新出现的数据清楚地表明，2014年，极端高温在我们
的海洋中变得普遍。)”可推断，Van Houtan意在强调如今海洋升温已是一种新常态。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Ocean temperature extremes are now normal, a new study reports. It has
analyzed ocean surface temperatures for the past 150 years. (一项新的研究报告称，海洋温度极端现在是正常的。
它分析了过去150年的海洋表面温度。)”可知，本文主要介绍科研人员通过分析过去150年间的海洋温度
资料发现如今海洋温度升高呈现不可逆转的趋势。故本文可能出自报纸的自然版块。故选A。
2. （2024·四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
As you can imagine, there are many types of advertisements in different mediums, on different channels, and
with different goals for their business.
Print advertising
The first print advertisement ran in England in 1472. Since then, this type of advertising has become available
in newspapers, magazines, and similar mediums of carrying a brand’s message to its ideal users. In this
advertisement method, the advertiser pays the publisher to place their advertisements in the publication.
Radio advertisingRadio advertising dates back to 1920, when the first commercial radio stations were launched in the United
States. In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the radio station to play their advertisements during
selected breaks between music or a radio show.
Television advertising
Television advertising originated in the 1940s with the promotion of practical items and political campaigns.
In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the local or national TV network to show their advertisements
during selected breaks in the network’s regular programming.
Internet advertising
Internet advertising took root in the middle of the 1990s. In this advertisement method, the advertiser pays the
website’s owner to place their advertisements in exposed spaces that are minor to the website’s own content.
Internet advertising includes video, search engine marketing, and more.
However, as you know, the advertising types above have developed dramatically since the irrespective origins.
Some advertisements have been memorable years after they first ran.
So how do you create an advertising strategy that works fine? Please click here to know more about the
advertisements and campaigns we learn from.
3．Where will you probably read this article?
A．In a textbook. B．In a newspaper. C．On a Website. D．In a magazine.
【答案】 3．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四种广告类型：印刷广告、广播广告、电视广告和互联网广告。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Please click here to know more about the advertisements and campaigns
we learn from.(请按此了解更多我们所学习的广告和活动)”可知，文章选自网站。故选C。
3. （2024·江西省萍乡市高三上学期一模）
The books written and published in the 1920s remain on the “best ever” lists. Here are 4 books that everyone
should read.
The Great Gatsby
The themes in the novel reflect the sudden change in the character of America itself, and in some ways it’s
among the first major modern novels produced in this country. The novel also makes a new and powerful concept
clear at the time: The American Dream, the idea that self-made men and women could make themselves into
anything in this country.
A Farewell to ArmsThe story is one of a love affair interrupted and dogged by events beyond the lovers’ control, and a central
theme is the pointless struggle of life — that we spend so much energy and time on things that finally don’t matter.
Hemingway masterfully combines a realistic description of war with some abstract literary techniques, which is one
reason why this book endures as a classic.
Ulysses
When people make lists of the most difficult novels, Ulysses is almost certainly on them. The one thing
almost everyone knows about Ulysses is that it employs “stream of consciousness”, a literary technique that seeks
to show the inner monologue of a person. James Joyce wasn’t the first writer to use this technique, but he was the
first writer to attempt it on the scale as he did.
Mrs. Dalloway
It takes place on a single day in the life of the main character, and it employs a dense and tricky stream-of-
consciousness technique, roaming (漫游) around to other characters and point of view. Mrs. Dalloway is
concerned with using these techniques to make the characters clear and definite. The use of stream of consciousness
is deliberately disorienting in the way it skips through time.
Where can the text be found?
A．In a biography. B．In a history book.
C．In a travel brochure. D．In a literature magazine.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了依旧经典的四本20世纪20年代出版的书：《了不起的
盖茨比》《永别了，武器》《尤利西斯》和《达洛威夫人》，分别从小说主题、文学技巧和创新等角度进
行了分析，并建议读者去阅读。故推断文章出自于一本文学杂志。故选D。
七、阅读理解之推理判断---预测文章走势
1.（广东省茂名市五校联盟第二次联考）
"Hello!" You type into the chat box. There's a slight feeling of excitement flowing through your fingers, and
you can't wait for a reply. You think, "There's probably nothing more exciting than this."
With communication from all corners of the world possible at the ease of your fingers, we are now witness to
an advanced form of the hand shake and physical conversations: online friendships.
Alarmingly, according to Internet Safety 101, almost half of young adult users have received upsetting
messages, with 92 percent posting their own real names and identification online and 58 percent thinking it doesn't
cause concern. And though some parents may be biting their fingernails in fear right now, more than half of theyouth have admitted to making their friends online and a good majority regularly text them.
Though the statistics are daunting, we hope, we haven't scared you off! Researchers actually found that
pursuing online friendships could be beneficial. Penn State University reported that this was especially the case for
those with social anxiety, as they might form a stronger comfort bond with their peers through the screen rather
than a face-to-face meeting.
Additionally, online interaction may increase your self-confidence. In our current situation of isolation,
perhaps that perfect connection from the safety of our homes is all it takes to make things just a little more bearable.
In the end, it all depends on you. Whether or not your search for a friend bears fruit lies in your approach, and
though I'm not a great relationship master, I have some tips that will aid you in your exploration for the "BFF" of
your dreams.
1．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．The youth often meet online friends in reality.
B．Most Internet users like texting to their online friends.
C．Many parents like biting fingernails when worried.
D．Most young adults lack awareness of Internet safety.
2．What's the author's attitude to making friends on the Internet?
A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Negative. D．Unclear.
3．What do you think the text will talk about next?
A．How to get on well with online friends. B．How to find online best friends.
C．How to keep in touch with online friends. D．How to benefit from dream online friends.
【答案】1．D2．A3．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过场景描写引入本文话题——网上交友。首先陈述了很多年轻人网上交
友的现状以及家长对此的担忧，然后通过一个研究证明，网上交友也是有益的。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Alarmingly, according to Internet Safety 101, almost half of young adult users
have received upsetting messages, with 92 percent posting their own real names and identification online and 58
percent thinking it doesn't cause concern. (据“网络安全101”调查显示，令人担忧的是，近一半的年轻成年用
户曾收到过令人不快的信息，其中92%的人曾在网上发布过实名和身份信息，58%的人认为这没什么可担
心的)”可推断，大多数年轻人缺乏互联网安全意识。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Alarmingly, according to Internet Safety 101, almost half of young adult users
have received upsetting messages, with 92 percent posting their own real names and identification online and 58percent thinking it doesn't cause concern. (据“网络安全101”调查显示，令人担忧的是，近一半的年轻成年用
户曾收到过令人不快的信息，其中92%的人曾在网上发布过实名和身份信息，58%的人认为这没什么可担
心的)”以及第四段中“Researchers actually found that pursuing online friendships could be beneficial. Penn State
University reported that this was especially the case for those with social anxiety, as they might form a stronger
comfort bond with their peers through the screen rather than a face-to-face meeting.(研究人员实际上发现，追求
网络友谊可能是有益的。宾夕法尼亚州立大学报告称，这对那些有社交焦虑的人来说尤其如此，因为他们
可能会通过屏幕与同龄人形成更强的舒适联系，而不是面对面的见面)”以及通读全文可知，文章介绍了网
上交友的缺点和优点，表述客观，无明显个人情感倾向，所以是客观的。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Whether or not your search for a friend bears fruit lies in your approach, and
though I'm not a great relationship master, I have some tips that will aid you in your exploration for the "BFF" of
your dreams. (你寻找朋友的过程是否有结果取决于你的方法，虽然我不是一个很好的人际关系专家，但我
有一些建议可以帮助你探索你梦想中的“最好的朋友”)”可推知，文章接下来会给出一些关于如何在网上
找好朋友的建议。故选B。
2.（2023届安徽省皖南八校高三第三次大联考）
Modern life is full of things that can influence your ability to be sensitive and responsive to your child. These
include extra work, lack of sleep, and things like mobile devices. Some experts are concerned about the effects that
these things trigger off on emotional bonding and children’s language development, social interaction, and safety.
If parents are inconsistently available, kids can get distressed(苦恼的)and feel hurt, rejected, or ignored. They
may have more emotional outbursts and feel alone. They may even stop trying to compete for their parent’s
attention and start to lose emotional connections to their parents.
“There are times when kids really do need your attention and want your recognition. Parents need to
communicate that their kids are valuable and important, and children need to know that parents care what they’re
doing,” explains Crnic, a psychologist. “Kids start to regulate their own emotions and behavior around age three.
Up until then, they depend more on you to help them regulate their emotions, whether to calm them or help get
them excited,” he adds.
Dr. Carol Metzler, who studies parenting at the Oregon Research Institute, explains, “They’re watching you to
see how you do it and listening to how you talk to them about it. Parents need to be good self-regulators. You’re not
only trying to regulate your own emotions in the moment, but helping your child learn to manage their emotions
and behavior. It can be tough to respond to your kids with sensitivity during tantrums(精神痛苦), arguments, or
other challenging times. If parents respond by being bad-tempered or aggressive(攻击性的)themselves, childrencan copy that behavior, and a negative cycle then continues to upgrade.”
As kids become better at managing their feelings and behavior, it’s important to help them develop coping
skills, like active problem solving. Such skills can help them feel confident in handling what comes their way.
What will the writer probably talk about next?
A．The way to train kids to be confident.
B．The way to train kids’ abilities to deal with matters.
C．The way to train kids to self-regulate their emotions.
D．The way to train kids’ abilities to be sensitive and responsibe.
【答案】B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了父母要与孩子建立密切的联系并积极地影响孩子。
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As kids become better at managing their feelings and behavior, it’s important to
help them develop coping skills, like active problem solving. Such skills can help them feel confident in handling
what comes their way.(随着孩子们越来越善于管理自己的情绪和行为，帮助他们发展应对技能是很重要的，
比如积极主动地解决问题。这样的技能可以帮助他们在处理自己面临的问题时感到自信。)”可知，此处讲
述了父母帮助孩子发展解决问题的技能很重要，由此可推测，作者接下来会谈及如何培养孩子解决实际问
题的技能。故选B。
八、阅读理解之推理判断---文章结构
1.（2023届江西省赣州市高三下学期二模）
Sleep is reparative. Because we need to repair a lot while we sleep, it’s important to get quality sleep.
Most of us function better in the daytime with routines. We also function better at night with a routine because
we want to keep pace with our natural body rhythms. Each person’s routine may be different — some people wash
their face at night, and some take a bath — just make sure it is a routine. That’s true during the week and on the
weekend; consistency matters. Have a winding down, getting ready for sleep routine, and carry that out at the same
time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slow you down for sleep. That may be reading, listening to
music, meditating, praying — anything that’s relaxing while also being constructive or healthy.
Typically, people relax and tend to slow everything down at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths,
increasing oxygen flow, which raises their skin temperature. This is one of the key reasons why we sleep better in a
cooler environment. If your skin temperature increases and your room is already a bit warm, you will be too hot to
sleep well.
The exact temperature is a personal matter. The key is that it’s more toward cool than hot. Many consider 68degrees an environment that’s neither so cold we shiver nor so hot we sweat. But there’s no scientific evidence for
an exact, perfect sleeping temperature.
At the end of the day, sleep is absolutely crucial for so many reasons. It helps us repair and rejuvenate so we
can fight infection, concentrate, regulate our moods, show up for ourselves and the people in our lives, and
basically function as humans. We can’t make up lost sleep, contrary to what many a night owl might think. So, it’s
really high time we should do all we can to foster the best sleep possible, starting with a cool room and relaxing
bedtime routine.
1．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．A routine can be helpful in getting quality sleep.
B．It’s best to avoid screens before you go to bed.
C．Higher quality of sleep leads to better mental health.
D．Listening to music makes it difficult to stay asleep.
2．What’s the structure of the text?
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】1．A 2．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，高质量的睡眠至关重要，作者在文章中主要论述了养成良好的睡前让自
己放松的习惯并严格执行、保持凉爽的温度有益于提高睡眠质量。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Most of us function better in the daytime with routines. We also function better at
night with a routine because we want to keep pace with our natural body rhythms. Each person’s routine may be
different-some people wash their face at night, and some take a bath-just make sure it is a routine. That’s true
during the week and on the weekend; consistency matters. (我们大多数人在白天按照习惯就会表现更好。我们
在晚上按照习惯也会更好，因为我们想要跟上我们自然的身体节奏。每个人的习惯可能是不同的——有些
人晚上洗脸，有些人洗澡——只要确保这是一种习惯。工作日和周末都是如此；一致性很重要。)”可知，养成习惯有助于获得高质量的睡眠。故选A。
2．推理判断题。在文章第一段“Sleep is reparative. Because we need to repair a lot while we sleep, it’s
important to get quality sleep. (睡眠是修复性的。因为我们需要在睡觉时修复很多东西，所以获得高质量的
睡眠很重要。)”作者阐述了高质量睡眠的重要性；由第二段中“Have a winding down, getting ready for sleep
routine, and carry that out at the same time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slow you down for
sleep. That may be reading, listening to music, meditating, praying — anything that’s relaxing while also being
constructive or healthy. (有一个放松下来，准备睡觉的程序，每天晚上在同一时间进行。找一些能让你放松
的事情，让你慢慢入睡。可以是阅读、听音乐、冥想、祈祷——任何既放松又有益健康的事情。)”可知第
二段阐述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的一些习惯并严格执行有助于提高睡眠质量；第三段“Typically,
people relax and tend to slow everything down at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing
oxygen flow, which raises their skin temperature. This is one of the key reasons why we sleep better in a cooler
environment. If your skin temperature increases and your room is already a bit warm, you will be too hot to sleep
well. (通常情况下，人们会在睡前放松，并倾向于放慢一切。当他们放松时，他们会深呼吸，增加氧气流
量，从而提高皮肤温度。这就是为什么我们在凉爽的环境中睡得更好的关键原因之一。如果你的皮肤温度
升高，而你的房间已经有点热了，你就会热得睡不好觉。)”以及第四段“The exact temperature is a personal
matter. The key is that it’s more toward cool than hot. Many consider 68 degrees an environment that’s neither so
cold we shiver nor so hot we sweat. But there’s no scientific evidence for an exact, perfect sleeping temperature.
(确切的温度是个人问题。关键是它更倾向于冷而不是热。许多人认为68度的环境既不会冷到让人发抖，
也不会热到让人出汗。但是没有科学证据证明一个精确的、完美的睡眠温度。)”阐述了睡觉放松时人们皮
肤温度会升高，凉爽的环境有助于提高睡眠质量；在文章最后一段“At the end of the day, sleep is absolutely
crucial for so many reasons. It helps us repair and rejuvenate so we can fight infection, concentrate, regulate our
moods, show up for ourselves and the people in our lives, and basically function as humans. We can’t make up lost
sleep, contrary to what many a night owl might think. So, it’s really high time we should do all we can to foster the
best sleep possible, starting with a cool room and relaxing bedtime routine. (归根结底，出于多种原因，睡眠绝
对至关重要。它帮助我们修复和恢复活力，这样我们就可以对抗感染，集中注意力，调节我们的情绪，为
自己和我们生活中的人出现，并且基本上像人类一样发挥作用。我们无法弥补失去的睡眠，这与许多夜猫
子的想法相反。所以，现在真的是时候了，我们应该尽我们所能来促进最好的睡眠，从凉爽的房间和放松
的就寝时间开始。)”作者阐述良好睡眠的诸多益处，并且指出失去的睡眠是无法弥补的；并对自己的观点
进行总结：从现在开始养成良好的习惯，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝习惯开始；由此可知，本文为总——分——总结构，其中第二段阐述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的一些习惯并严格执行有助于提高睡眠质量；
第三、四段阐述了凉爽的温度有助于提高睡眠质量；A选项符合文章结构。故选A。
2.（2023届山东省潍坊市安丘市高三3月过程检测）
A diet rich in fruit and vegetables and incorporating a daily glass of wine can protect the brain against
dementia, a study suggests. Sticking closely to Mediterranean eating habits, which also include plenty of nuts,
seafood, whole grains and olive oil, has been linked to a 23 per cent lower risk of dementia.
Based on data gathered on 60,000 people via the UK Biobank, a medical database set up in 2006, the
researchers scored participants’ diets for how closely they matched the ideal Mediterranean diet on two scales.
Using one, those whose eating habits were the best match were 23 per cent less likely to develop dementia
than those whose diets least fit the pattern. A diet with a perfect score would involve more than four tablespoons of
olive oil, at least two portions of vegetables and three of fruit per day as well as a glass of wine. It would also
include at least three servings of legumes, 90 grams of nuts, and three servings of fish or shellfish a week. The ideal
diet would also involve very little red or processed meat, avoiding too many sweetened drinks, butter, margarine or
cream.
The second scale used similar criteria and a close match on that was linked to a 14 per cent lower risk of
dementia. The findings, published in the journal BMC Medicine, appeared to show a “protective effect regardless
of someone’s genetic risk”.
Dr Susan Mitchell, of Alzheimer’s Research UK, said, “There is a wealth of evidence that eating a healthy,
balanced diet can help reduce the risk of cognitive decline. But the evidence for specific diets is much less clear-
cut.” She pointed out that the study only drew on data from people with white, British or Irish ancestry. She said,
“While there are no surefire ways to prevent dementia yet, a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, along with plenty of
exercise and not smoking, all contribute to good heart health, which in turn helps to protect our brain from diseases
that lead to dementia.”
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】8．C【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新的研究发现富含水果和蔬菜的饮食，每天喝一杯酒，可
以保护大脑免受痴呆症的侵害。介绍了研究开展的过程以及Susan Mitchell博士对此研究的看法。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“A diet rich in fruit and vegetables and incorporating a daily glass of wine can
protect the brain against dementia, a study suggests. Sticking closely to Mediterranean eating habits, which also
include plenty of nuts, seafood, whole grains and olive oil, has been linked to a 23 per cent lower risk of dementia.
(一项研究表明，富含水果和蔬菜的饮食，每天喝一杯酒，可以保护大脑免受痴呆症的侵害。坚持地中海饮
食习惯，包括大量的坚果、海鲜、全谷物和橄榄油，可以将患痴呆症的风险降低23%)”可知第一段引出文
章关于新研究发现降低痴呆症风险的可能策略；第二段“Based on data gathered on 60,000 people via the UK
Biobank, a medical database set up in 2006, the researchers scored participants’ diets for how closely they matched
the ideal Mediterranean diet on two scales.(根据2006年建立的英国生物银行收集的6万人的数据，研究人员
从两个方面对参与者的饮食与理想地中海饮食的匹配程度进行了评分)”总述研究开展的方式；第三段
“Using one, those whose eating habits were the best match were 23 per cent less likely to develop dementia than
those whose diets least fit the pattern.(使用一种方法，饮食习惯最匹配的人患痴呆症的可能性比饮食习惯最不
匹配的人低23%)”以及第四段“The second scale used similar criteria and a close match on that was linked to a
14 per cent lower risk of dementia.(第二个量表使用了类似的标准，与之接近的人患痴呆症的风险降低了
14%)”为第二段的分论点，具体阐述研究过程；最后一段是Susan Mitchell对此研究的看法。可推知，C选
项最符合文章结构。故选C。
九、阅读理解之推理判断---读者对象
（河北省高三模拟调研卷（三））
When a child is choking, it means that an object is stuck in the trachea. When this happens, air can't flow
normally into or out of the lungs, so the child can t breathe properly.
The trachea is usually protected by epiglottis(喉头盖) . It allows food to pass down and go into our stomach
and it also prevents food from going down the trachea. But every once in a while, the epiglottis doesn't close fast
enough and an object can slip into the trachea. This is what happens when something goes down the wrong pipe.
Most of the time, the food or object only partially blocks the trachea. If coughed up, breathing returns to
normal quickly. Kids who seem to be choking and coughing but still can breathe and talk usually recover without
help. It can be uncomfortable for them, but they're generally fine after a few seconds.
Sometimes, an object can get into the trachea and completely block the airway. If airflow into and out of the
lungs is blocked and the brain will become short of oxygen, choking can become a life-threatening emergency. A
child may be choking and need help right away if he or she can’t breathe or can’t talk or make noise.If you have kids, it’s important to get trained in both CPR（心肺夏苏）and the technique of abdominal
thrusts (腹部施压). Even if you don't have kids, knowing how to perform these first-aid procedures will let you
help if someone is choking.
All kids are at risk for choking, but those younger than 3 are especially at risk. Young kids tend to put things in
their mouths, have smaller airways that are easily blocked, and don't have a lot of experience chewing, so they
might swallow things whole.
Take the time now to become prepared CPR and first-aid courses are a must for parent, other caregivers, and
babysitters. To find one in your area, contact your local American Red Cross, YMCA, or American Heart
Association, or check with hospitals and health departments in your community.
3．Whom is the text written for?
A．American parents. B．Japanese volunteers.
C．British doctors. D．Australian visitors.
【答案】3．A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章通过说明窒息是怎样发生的以及窒息可能会危及生命，呼吁照顾孩子的人学
习一些急救知识。
3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Take the time now to become prepared CPR and first-aid courses are a
must for parent other caregivers, and babysitters.（现在花点时间学习CPR，急救课程是父母、照顾孩子的人
和保姆所必须的。）”可知，这篇文章是写给父母看的。故选A。
十、高考真题
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge ( 污泥). First, he
constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated
sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in
Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A.He was fond of travelling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自
我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。
24.C 推理判断题。根据第一段“When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to
clean up the messes people were making.”可知,当约翰长大后,他开始想弄明白这个过程是否可以用来清理人
们正在制造的脏乱。再结合第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went
back to observing nature and asking questions.”可知,在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰回去观察自
然并提出问题。由此可知,从前两段中我们可以知道约翰有一种好学爱问的思维方式。
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories
“sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
( )34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市
中找到原生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。
34.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中给出的例子“…the experience of walking along the edge of water might be
satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a
more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.”可知,沿水边散步的体验对周
末在公园徒步旅行的年轻职业人士来说可能是令人满足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐时间沿着喷泉散步也能
享受到这种互动形式。由此可知,相同的自然体验可以采用不同的形式。故选C项。
3.[2023·全国乙卷]B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,
mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find
distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours
away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the
countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the
right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed
plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to
photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We
managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However,we did not mark the
route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting
lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师是如何应对挑战,拍出高质量的风景
照片的。
26.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, we did not mark the route(路线)so we ended up almost
missing the sunset entirely.”可知,作者和朋友们没有标出路线,所以几乎完全错过了日落。由此可推知,他们比
预计到达拍摄地点的时间晚了。故选C项。
4.D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制
造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation
to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【答案】 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康
问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
15. B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the
positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in
schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食
筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
5.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black
rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born atthe reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known
for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,
but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be
returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过
早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
6.A【2022·新高考I卷】
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay
2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will
be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or
tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to
take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or
short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not
turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will
get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
1. C推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和
Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你
的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是
出自一个课程计划。故选C。
2. B细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class
Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B。
3. A推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a
zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将
会得零分。故选A项。
7.C【2022·新高考I卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
8. D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce
loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老
年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
9. B推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their
children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities,
and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居
民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通
过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
10. C词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该
项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the
first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”
含义相近。故选C。
11. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该
项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis,
director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect
our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很
高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的
反响很好。故选A。
8.D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制
造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation
to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
12. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康
问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
12. C细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks
containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .（该税于2016年4
月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖税的目
的是帮助儿童减少肥胖。故选C。
13. D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their
sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。）”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选
D。
14. D细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted
the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most
alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.（然而，
一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶
为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的。）”可知，糖税
主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D。
15. B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the
positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in
schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食
筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
9.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black
rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at
the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known
for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,
but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be
returned to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过
早)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
10.C【2021·英语全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me.
He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years
ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8．What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A．He felt disappointed. B．He gave up his hobby.
C．He liked the weather there. D．He had disagreements with his family.【答案】8．A
【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的
地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己
的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my
beloved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这
个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙
滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
11.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
13．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
【答案】13．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上
“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they
start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按
照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，
女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
12.B【2021·全国高考乙卷】
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
27．What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A．It remains a family necessity.B．It will fall out of use some day.
C．It may increase daily expenses.
D．It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必
需品的观点。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way
of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早
晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧
面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
13.D【2021·全国高考乙卷】
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by
the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working
space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also
typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach
works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects
were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85
decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level
of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,
without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on
creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop
ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers foundthat face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee
shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
35．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He’s a news reporter.
B．He’s an office manager.
C．He’s a professional designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
【答案】35．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪
音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
35．推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still
think about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作
者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。
14.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck StampProgram has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.291
30．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away.
C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money.
【答案】30．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的
急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，
而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买
了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
15. B【2020·浙江卷】
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known
as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller
cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.26．What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A．They work better on broad roads.
B．They should be used in other cities.
C．They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D．They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27．What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A．It is rewarding to try new things. B．The old methods still work today.
C．I pays to put theory into practice. D．The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】26．D27．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应
性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways(但自适应信
号并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number
of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才
能起有意义的作用) ”可推知，Kevin Balke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故
选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant
declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大
大减少了通勤的麻烦和花费)”最后一段第一句“In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in
the value of welcoming new approaches.(在Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面
的榜样)”可推知，从Bellevue的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选A项。
16. C【2020·浙江卷】
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might
help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job,
for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-
level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she
says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental
influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.304
29．How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A．By using an expert’s words. B．By making a comparison.
C．By referring to another study. D．By introducing a concept.
【答案】29．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规
划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育
锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一
天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较
来解释他的发现的。故选B项。
17. B【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a
nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and
became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from
the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,
working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After
graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her
career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-EauClaire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year
degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received
great support from her family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and
her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed（牺
牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights
my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her
children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation
graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? （ ）
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
【答案】7. C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己
的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她
的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with
honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children
have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and
an inspiration to her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得
到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，
Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到
了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得
到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
18. D【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits
of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should
avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need
to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
14．Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A．To see how she would affect the participants.
B．To test if the participants could recognize her.
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D．To study why she could keep her weight down.
15．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A．How hungry we are. B．How slim we want to be.
C．How we perceive others. D．How we feel about the food.
【答案】14．A15．C
【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。
文章详述了这个实验的过程。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers
conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据
倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比
平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了
看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bitbecause I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and
keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的
结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我
们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
19. B【2020·全国新课标I】
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s
A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save
Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It’s a window to a whole new world.
C．It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
25．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
27．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
B．He’s an editor.
C．He’s very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
【答案】24．D25．B27．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。
作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of
rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之
处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现
在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可
以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging
writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年
代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable
Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because
poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌
而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
20. C【2020·全国新课标II】
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up inthe fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that
they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in
New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria
fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it
is eco-friendly.318
31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
【答案】31．B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。
海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平
衡表示了担忧。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，
为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根
据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
21. B【2020·全国新课标III】
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
"Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part
Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.241
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally
D. They would lose popularity.
【答案】27.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚
集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化
人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但
有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
27.推理判断题。根据最后一段 In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio
that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are
questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions
filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和
生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严
密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生
活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
22.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls hadgone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing
Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine
editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】7. B
【解析】本文是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
7. B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以
Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the
land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大
地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，
并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
23.C【2019·全国I】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测
量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are
still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using
the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how
they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【答案】 31. D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。目前，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂
贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，这项技术通过记录用户的打字习惯来识别主人，为网络空
间用户保护隐私。
31. D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本
文是科技说明文，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。故选D。
24.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing
Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine
editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】本文是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
4. A细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy
Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room
schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond
Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy和
Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。
5. D推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had littleprivacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，
哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以
及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生
活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
6. C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed
drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在
令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令
人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
7. B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以
Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the
land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大
地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，
并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
25.A【2021·英语全国甲卷】
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of
today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards
are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable
annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
Mike
It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I
Shepherd(2011)
climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few
Skiddaw in feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it
Winter and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I
used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into
Cumbria,
Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
England
Timothy
Smith(2014) I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.
Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came
Macclesfield
across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against
Forest
the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take
Cheshire, the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
England
3．Where can the text be found?
A．In a history book. B．In a novel. C．In an art magazine. D．In a biography.
【答案】3．C【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect
platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual
competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项
是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人
向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a
view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C。
26.【2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）】
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has
long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world.
Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century
earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New
York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon
became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
4．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A．It is closely linked to the steam age.
B．It began earlier than proper thought.C．It is a little-studied period of history.
D．It will come to an end sooner or later.
5．What can be inferred about Ned?
A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories,
C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6．What is the text?
A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report.
【答案】4．A5．D6．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric
revolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看来，电力时
代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the
progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.”（为了编织他
的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见
证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic
necessity.”（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以
他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland”（这个故事开
始于苏格兰18世纪最后几年）可知，这篇文章是一篇小故事。故选C。
27.C【2019·全国I】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测
量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are
still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using
the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how
they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【答案】 31. D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。目前，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂
贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，这项技术通过记录用户的打字习惯来识别主人，为网络空
间用户保护隐私。
31. D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本
文是科技说明文，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。故选D。
28.（2018﹒新课标全国卷Ⅱ，B）
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These
colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries
contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly
high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids
we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?
However, they are rich in vitamin C.
When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling
fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.
Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice
on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their
ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a
“soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they lovefeeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
27. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. A
travel brochure.
【文章大意】本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养
丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。
27.B【解析】文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段
指出我们可以用a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。故选B。
29.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories
“sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a seniorauthor of the study.
( )32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市
中找到原生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。
32.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban
areas is becoming harder to find.”和“…it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.”可知,随着城
市迅猛发展,城市居民与自然环境的接触逐渐减少,在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。故文章开头描
述的现象是在城市里很难找到原生态的大自然。故选B项。
【同义句表达】选项is hard to find in cities→it’s unusual to find places in a city
30.[2023·全国乙卷]
C
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of
meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-
than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and
whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-
and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported
that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers
would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students
applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what
people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV
has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults
say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and
young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected throughtelevision scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an
increasing number of male chefs on TV, its no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
( )28.What do people usually think of British food?
A.It is simple and plain.
B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes.
D.It deserves a high reputation.
( )29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV?
A.Authoritative.
B.Creative.
C.Profitable.
D.Influential.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了英国的电视烹饪节目对英国人的饮食习惯产生了巨大的影响,很多
人开始摆脱过去的饮食习惯,而且它也改变了人们对烹饪的看法。
28.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But
is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine…”可
知,提到英国食物人们想到的可能是炸鱼薯条,或者是周日的肉和两种蔬菜晚餐。人们通常认为英国食物不
太让人感兴趣,给人的印象不那么深刻,即简单和普通。故选A项。
29.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that
Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their
cooking habits.”及“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”可知,电
视烹饪节目上的厨师们让英国人远离传统的“一荤两素”和现成餐食,并开始在烹饪习惯上变得更加冒险,
电视节目似乎帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。由此可推知,英国电视上的烹饪节目很有影响力。故选D项。
31.（2022·新高考全国II）We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked thepage even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
1. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
2. Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
3. What does the author think of himself?
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
4. What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
【答案与解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一
本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with
my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新
时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春
节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with
a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my
storybook was like that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开
心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故
事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I
edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，
我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为
自己懂数码技术。故选D。
4. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent
little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差
距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
32.2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far
beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【答案】34. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …
The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是
利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、
迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选
A项。
33.【2020·全国I】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to
fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately
twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000
or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon
among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people
with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try racewalking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes
some practice.306
Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
【答案】B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这
样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most
likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样
有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是
客观的。故选B项。
34.2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far
beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
32.细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of
these qualities (研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成)”可知，情商指的并不是一个人的积极品质。
故选D项。
33.推理判断题。通过文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used
by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. (医生可
能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在
的受害者)”可推知，作者在文章第二段中提到“医生”和“骗子”是举例子来阐明下文的观点——情商高
并不一定能使一个人成为有道德的人。故选B项。
34.推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
harmful. …The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效
果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行
了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利
的。故选A项。
35.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the
scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new
perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives. (我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新
的视角)”可推知，本段主要谈了对未来关于情商研究的期望。故选B项。
35.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之C篇
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to
fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately
twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000
or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon
among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people
with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race
walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes
some practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事
这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through
most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求
竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具
备某些条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
29.细节理解题。根据最后一段“As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as
runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞
走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
30.细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should
probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应
该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询
专家的建议。故选A项。
31.推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while
most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步
一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态
度是客观的。故选B项。
36.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a publicdebate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they
mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in
society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
【答案】28．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called
Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，
在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列
前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。故选B。
37.【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown
rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a
lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be
installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought
to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
【答案】 34．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型
的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and
pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与
保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。38.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each
chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for
your particular circumstances.
( )28.What is the book aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。
28.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a
detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you
decide it’s right for you.”可知,这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效,然后如果你认为它适合你,教你如何采用这种哲学,即这本书旨在倡导一种数字极简生活方式。
39.[2023·全国甲卷]
C
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that
were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a
world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people
who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my
love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work
in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder
like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a
book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he
does so with plenty of humour. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in
history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own
interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually
pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up
a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is
something we don’t have a lot of.
( )29.Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4?
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了Eric Weiner的哲学书The Socrates Express。
29.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and
then frames each philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result isa read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets
like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy
to improve a life.”可知,韦纳书中的每一章都以城市之间的火车旅行场景开始,然后他介绍每个哲学家的作品
和一件他们可以帮助我们做得更好的事情。最终的结果是,我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样看
待事情,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采那样没有遗憾。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习使
用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可推知,作者列出伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。
40.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many
literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts,but the objects.
( )33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2?
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
【文章大意】 本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记
录历史,文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。
33.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captains record
of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)dropped by a man in flight after his
first experience of gunshot.”可知,从英国方面,我们有科学报告和船长对那个可怕的日子的记录。从澳洲方面,
我们只有一个被一个人在初次经历了枪击后逃跑时扔下的木盾。由此可推知,作者在第二段提及库克船长是
为了说明他的记录只是单方面的。故选D项。
41.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
【答案】4. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席
执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
4. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们
大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I
had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，
芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者
想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
42. C【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
11．What is the purpose of this text?A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】11．A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是
Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的
书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文
的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
43.【2020·全国新课标III】
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and
northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the
Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱)
in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii
researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea."
In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo.
She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.299
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin.D. Significance of food selection.
【答案】32.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，
而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of
years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past
few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基
因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进
化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新
知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
44.【四川省宜宾市2021届普2021届高三“一诊”】
On Monday, about 270 pilot whales got into difficulty on a sandbank at Macquarie Heads, near Strahan on
Tasmania’s west coast, about 190 kilometres from Hobart. Another 200 of the animals were found early on
Wednesday, making it Tasmania’s largest recorded stranding event. The Department of Primary Industry, Parks,
Water and Environment (DPIPWE) said that about a third had died.
Marine biologists arrived in the area to carry out rescue operations. They planned to use specialized equipment
such as special tarpaulins to push the whales back into the deep water. The local police also assisted in the rescue.
The whales that were stranded are Pilot Whales, and they are found in almost all the oceans of the world,
according to the Marine conservation group. Pilot whales are in fact one of the largest members of the dolphin
family, but they are treated as whales for the Marine Mammals Protection Regulations issued in 1992.They were
named pilot whales because it was thought that each pod followed a ‘pilot’ in the group.
Cetacean stranding, commonly known as beaching, is a phenomenon in which whales and dolphins strand
themselves on land, usually on a beach. Several explanations for why cetaceans strand themselves have been
proposed, including changes in water temperatures, unusual features of whales’ echo location in certain
surroundings, and geomagnetic disturbances, but none have so far been universally accepted as a definitive reason
for the behavior.
In recent years, whale strandings have become more frequent around the world. In November 2018, a dead
sperm whale that had washed ashore in eastern Indonesia consumed a horrifying collection of plastic trash,
including 115 drinking cups, 25 plastic bags, plastic bottles, two flip-flops and a bag containing more than 1,000
pieces of string. In all, the plastic contents of the whale’s stomach weighed 13.2 pound (six kilograms). The bagsare black due to a reaction with the creature’s stomach acids, according to Thai Whales organization. A person, on
average, breathes or swallows at least 74,000 microscopic particles of plastic each year.
1．How many whales died according to DPIPWE?
A．About 160. B．About 200. C．About 270. D．About 470.
2．What does the underlined word “stranding” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Being put into danger.
B．Being trapped in trouble.
C．Being found in extinction.
D．Being left or driven ashore.
3．What does the author want to tell us by the numbers in Paragraph 5?
A．Whales mistake plastics for food.
B．Whales need the ability of self-protection.
C．Whales’ living conditions are worsening.
D．Whales have an excellent digestive system.
4．What will be discussed probably following the last paragraph?
A．Protective measures for whales.
B．The reasons for whale stranding.
C．Studying whales’ stomach deeply.
D．Researching the oceans’ ecosystem.
【答案】1．A2．D3．C4．A
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了星期一，大约270头领航鲸在麦格理海兹的沙洲上搁浅了。
1．细节理解题。由第一段“On Monday, about 270 pilot whales got into difficulty on a sandbank at Macquarie
Heads, near Strahan on Tasmania’s west coast, about 190 kilometres from Hobart. Another 200 of the animals were
found early on Wednesday, making it Tasmania’s largest recorded stranding event. The Department of Primary
Industry, Parks, Water and Environment (DPIPWE) said that about a third had died.”（星期一，大约270头领航
鲸在麦格理海兹的沙洲上遇到了麻烦，这里靠近塔斯马尼亚州西海岸的斯特拉汉，距离霍巴特大约190公
里。周三早些时候又发现了200只这种动物，这是塔斯马尼亚有记录以来最大的鲸搁浅事件。DPIPWE说，
大约三分之一的鲸已经死亡。）可知总共有470头鲸搁浅，三分之一的鲸已经死亡，说明157头鲸死亡,即
大约有160头。故选A项。
2．词句猜测题。由第二段中的“Marine biologists arrived in the area to carry out rescue operations. They
planned to use specialized equipment such as special tarpaulins to push the whales back into the deep water.”（海洋生物学家抵达该地区展开营救行动。他们计划使用特殊的设备，如特殊的防水布将鲸鱼推回到深水
中。）可知海洋生物学家要把鲸鱼推回到深水中，说明这些鲸鱼在岸上搁浅了，stranding在此处意为“被
留在或者被驱赶上岸”。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。由第五段中的“In November 2018, a dead sperm whale that had washed ashore in eastern
Indonesia consumed a horrifying collection of plastic trash, including 115 drinking cups, 25 plastic bags, plastic
bottles, two flip-flops and a bag containing more than 1,000 pieces of string. In all, the plastic contents of the
whale’s stomach weighed 13.2 pound (six kilograms).”（2018年11月，一头在印尼东部被冲上岸的死抹香鲸
吃掉了一堆骇人听闻的塑料垃圾，包括115个饮水杯、25个塑料袋、塑料瓶、两个人字拖和一个装有1000
多条细绳的袋子。总的来说，鲸鱼胃中的塑料物质重13.2磅（6公斤）。）可知这头鲸鱼吃了很多的塑料
垃圾，作者想通过第五段中的数字告诉我们鲸鱼的生存条件正在恶化。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。由第五段中的“In recent years, whale strandings have become more frequent around the world.
In November 2018, a dead sperm whale that had washed ashore in eastern Indonesia consumed a horrifying
collection of plastic trash, including 115 drinking cups, 25 plastic bags, plastic bottles, two flip-flops and a bag
containing more than 1,000 pieces of string. In all, the plastic contents of the whale’s stomach weighed 13.2 pound
(six kilograms). The bags are black due to a reaction with the creature’s stomach acids, according to Thai Whales
organization.”（近年来，鲸鱼搁浅在世界各地变得越来越频繁。2018年11月，一头在印尼东部被冲上岸的
死抹香鲸吃掉了一堆骇人听闻的塑料垃圾，包括115个饮水杯、25个塑料袋、塑料瓶、两个人字拖和一个
装有1000多条细绳的袋子。总的来说，鲸鱼胃中的塑料物质重13.2磅（6公斤）。根据泰国鲸鱼组织的说
法，这些袋子是黑色的，这是因为它们与胃酸发生反应。）可知搁浅鲸鱼越来越多，有些还吃了很多的塑
料垃圾，鲸鱼的生存环境不好，导致鲸鱼死亡，接下来应该谈保护鲸鱼的措施。故选A项。
45.【2023·广东省华附、省实、广雅、深中四校联考】
One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate people from their
cars. Even when you have a strong public transport system in moving people between population hubs, the last mile
- that section between the railway station and someone’s home, for example - can lead to car use if it’s considered
too far or too dangerous to walk.
The idea of a low-traffic neighbourhood (LTN) - where cars are banned from quieter ‘rat runs’ (偏僻小路) to
keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK. LTNs attempt to filter out cars from residential
streets using bollards, camera-controlled gates or even planters full of flowers placed across the road, while
pedestrians, cyclists and emergency vehicles can still pass.
Analysis for the active transport charity Sustrans found that “driving a mile on a minor urban road is twice aslikely to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian, and three times more likely to kill or seriously injure a child
cyclist, compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road,” and that heavy car traffic in residential areas can lead to a
rise in social isolation. LTNs reduce this danger, leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries, and have been shown
to increase the number of visitors to local businesses.
Also popular are e-scooter hire trials, which are taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough,
Bristol and Chelmsford. The trials see gaggles of electric scooters available to be picked up from street corners. The
scooters are hired using an app and then, once they’re finished with, parked elsewhere inside the trial area, where
they’re collected and recharged by the hiring company. A Department of Transport report on e-scooter use found
they were “widely perceived to have environmental and convenience benefits,” but suffered from comparisons to
children’s toys.
But that’s not all. The world’s first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opened in Coventry
earlier this year. The taxis and drones based at the hub all take off and land vertically like helicopters and are being
used to travel short journeys or deliver cargo.
Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers standing between us and healthier cities.
The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the car.
1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．People are considered reliant on cars to travel.
B．Public transport system still needs improvement.
C．Pollution from cars has an impact on people’s life quality.
D．Residential areas are usually far away from the railway station.
2．What do we know about the idea of an LTN?
A．It’s a way to encourage social interaction and local business.
B．It’s a series of measures to reserve the streets to walking residents.
C．It’s a system that employs high technology to keep cars on the main roads.
D．It’s a practice proved effective in keeping children safe from traffic accidents.
3．What’s the structure of the text?
P=ParagraphA． B．
C． D．
4．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To call on readers to construct a healthier city.
B．To promote the latest developments in car alternatives.
C．To introduce possible ways to get rid of dependence on cars.
D．To inform citizens of technological advances to tackle social problems.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们过于依赖汽车，这不利于健康城市的建设，因此需要解除对
汽车的依赖，并提出三个措施。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in
them is to separate people from their cars. (为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之一就是将人
们与汽车分开。)”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖。
故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Analysis for the active transport charity Sustrans found that “driving a mile on a
minor urban road is twice as likely to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian, and three times more likely to kill
or seriously injure a child cyclist, compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road,” and that heavy car traffic in
residential areas can lead to a rise in social isolation. LTNs reduce this danger, leading to a three-fold reduction in
injuries, and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses. (积极交通慈善机构Sustrans进行的分析发现，“与在城市一级道路上行驶一英里相比，在城市次要道路上行驶一英里，导致儿童行人
死亡或严重受伤的可能性是前者的两倍，而导致儿童骑自行车者死亡或严重伤害的可能性是前者的三倍”，
居民区的汽车交通拥挤可能会导致社会孤立的加剧。LTN减少了这一危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并
已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。)”可知，LTN使得在次要道路上因交通工具导致的儿童重伤和死亡人
数减少，因此它被证实是使孩子远离交通事故的有效措施。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in
them is to separate people from their cars. (为了改善城市的生活，城市必须做出的最重要的改变之一就是将人
们与汽车分开。)”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改变就是将人们与汽车分开，可见人们出行对汽车很依赖，
本文旨在解决这个问题；根据第二段第一句“The idea of a low-traffic neighbourhood (LTN) - where cars are
banned from quieter ‘rat runs’ (偏僻小路) to keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK. (低
交通量社区（LTN）的想法已经在英国部分地区流行起来。在这里，汽车被禁止在较安静的“老鼠跑道”
上行驶，以保证它们在主干道上行驶。)”，第四段第一句“Also popular are e-scooter hire trials, which are
taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough, Bristol and Chelmsford. (试行电子滑板车租赁也很受
欢迎，目前正在米德尔斯堡、布里斯托尔和切尔姆斯福德等城镇进行。)”和第五段第一二句“But that’s not
all. The world’s first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opened in Coventry earlier this year. (但这
还不是全部。今年早些时候，世界上第一个演示电动空中出租车和无人机的中心在考文垂开始营业。)”可
知，二，四，五段分别提出一种措施；根据第三段最后一句“LTNs reduce this danger, leading to a three-fold
reduction in injuries, and have been shown to increase the number of visitors to local businesses. (LTN减少了这一
危险，导致受伤人数减少了三倍，并已表明增加了当地企业的游客数量。)”可知，第三段延续第二段，继
续讨论LTN。因此文章结构应该是总分总，第一段总起介绍，第二三段讨论措施一，第四段讨论措施二，
第五段讨论措施三，第六段总结。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据本文最后一段“Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers
standing between us and healthier cities. The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the
car. (让我们摆脱对汽车的依赖是我们与更健康的城市之间更困难的障碍之一。需要采取的第一步是解决汽
车的主导地位。)”可知，文章最后作者再次强调要摆脱对汽车的依赖，而前文几段也提出了三种措施，故
可推测本文作者旨在介绍解除汽车依赖的措施。故选C项。
