文档内容
专题 03 阅读理解之推理判断题
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题（最新模拟）
【题型二】阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题（最新模拟）
【题型三】阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征（最新模拟）
【题型四】阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题（最新模拟）
【题型五】阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度（最新模拟）
【题型六】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处（最新模拟）
【题型七】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题）
03 真题实战练
【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对细节理解题进行
了蓝色标注。
题型一 阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题
1.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三期末）In recent years, the landscape of education has been
significantly transformed by the rise of online learning. As technology continues to advance, an increasing number
of students are choosing online courses, leading to a heated debate about whether online learning can replace
traditional offline learning.
Online learning offers several distinct advantages. Firstly, it provides remarkable flexibility. Students can
原创精品资源学科网1独 / 家62享有版权，侵权必究！access course materials and lectures at any time and from anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection.
This is especially beneficial for those with busy schedules or those who live in remote areas. For example, a student
who has a part - time job can study during their free time without having to worry about commuting to a physical
classroom. Secondly, online learning platforms often offer a vast range of courses. Learners can choose from
various subjects and levels, enabling them to customize their learning experience according to their interests and
needs.
However, online learning also has its drawbacks. One of the main challenges is the lack of face - to - face
interaction. Without direct communication with teachers and classmates, students may find it difficult to ask
questions immediately and engage in in - depth discussions. Additionally, online learning requires a high level of
self - discipline. In the absence of a physical classroom environment, some students may struggle to stay focused
and motivated.
On the other hand, traditional offline learning has its own merits. In a classroom setting, students can have
immediate feedback from teachers. Teachers can observe students’ reactions, understand their difficulties, and
provide timely guidance. Moreover, the in - person interaction among classmates can foster a sense of community
and teamwork. Group projects and class discussions in a physical classroom can enhance students’ communication
skills and ability to work together.
Nevertheless, offline learning is not without limitations. It is restricted by time and space. Students need to
attend classes at specific times and locations, which can be inconvenient. For instance, bad weather or
transportation problems may prevent students from reaching the classroom on time.
In conclusion, both online learning and offline learning have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Instead of seeing one as a complete replacement for the other, we should combine the two methods to create a more
effective and comprehensive learning environment.
5．What is the main topic of the passage?
A．The development of online learning. B．The comparison between online learning and offline learning.
C．The advantages of offline learning. D．The challenges of online learning.
6．Which of the following is an advantage of online learning?
A．It provides immediate feedback from teachers.
B．It offers a sense of community and teamwork.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
2 / 62C．It is highly flexible in terms of time and place.
D．It is not affected by the internet connection.
7．What does the underlined word “drawbacks” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Benefits. B．Disadvantages. C．Features. D．Improvements.
8．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Online learning will completely replace offline learning in the future.
B．Offline learning is always better than online learning.
C．We should make use of the strengths of both learning methods.
D．The limitations of offline learning can be easily overcome.
2.（2025·辽宁省东北育才、辽宁省实验中学、大连 24 中学、大连八中、鞍山一中 2024-2025 学年高
三上学期五校联考期末）For the perfect cup of tea, does one add milk to boiling water, or the opposite? Neither, if
new research in the journal Current Biology is to be believed. What must be prepared first, instead, are the
microbes (微生物) .
Scientists are increasingly aware that the fungi and bacteria living around a plant's roots can significantly
affect its growth by enhancing the absorption of critical nutrients like iron and nitrogen. This possibility of
enhanced nitrogen absorption was particularly fascinating to tea experts Xin Wei and Tang Wenxin at Fujian
Agriculture and Forestry University in China because tea plants rely upon nitrogen-rich soil around their roots to
produce theanine, an amino acid that generates their unique pleasant flavors. Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang found that
theanine production varied widely, even among similar teas. Some highly valued oolong teas such as Rougui,
produced a lot of the chemical, whereas others, such as Maoxie, produced less. This difference was particularly
obvious in the autumn, when the roots were accumulating theanine.
This brought about a natural question. If the microbe community found around Rougui were transplanted to
other tea plants, might this increase their theanine production and, in turn, improve their flavor? To explore this, the
researchers created a community of microbes made up of 21 bacterial varieties that resembled the community found
around Rougui roots and applied them to the roots of Maoxie plants. They report this week that this nearly tripled
the theanine accumulation in Maoxie leaves. While the time-consuming process of transforming leaves into
drinkable tea has yet to be completed, the researchers have little doubt that there will be big differences.
Flavors aside, the Rougui microbe sample that Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang worked with has the potential to make a
原创精品资源学科网3独 / 家62享有版权，侵权必究！wider environmental impact. Most farmers, not just tea growers, add some form of nitrogen to their soil to enhance
growth. While some of this is absorbed by plants, most runs off during heavy rains and ends up polluting natural
water bodies. When the researchers applied their microbial cocktail to soil around the roots of cress (水芹) plants,
which is the lab rat of the botanical world, they found that, just as with Maoxie, the newcomers enhanced nitrogen
uptake. This suggests that these microbes have the potential to create new flavors while also reducing agricultural
pollution. That should be everyone's cup of tea.
23．Which of the following directly determines the flavor of tea?
A．Microbes. B．Theanine. C．Nitrogen. D．Fungi.
24．What was the primary goal of the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To determine the effect of microbes on tea leaf color.
B．To increase the caffeine content in tea leaves.
C．To enhance theanine production in Maoxie tea plants.
D．To identify new varieties of tea-producing bacteria.
25．What can we infer about the future of tea production with the use of microbes?
A．It is very likely to lead to a significant increase in tea production costs.
B．It has the potential to reduce water pollution caused by farming.
C．It will replace traditional methods of growing tea entirely.
D．Its benefits are limited to certain types of tea plants.
26．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Tea Science: Microbes Functioning
B．Microbes’ Role: Enhancing Tea Production
C．Discovering New Microbe Varieties in Tea Plants
D．Rethinking the impact of Microbes on Environment
3.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）As students and scholars prepare a new academic year, the reliance on
computers for note-taking and paper writing has never been greater. Younger students, encouraged or even required
to bring laptops to class, have raised concerns among parents about distraction and reduced engagement. University
professors complain a decline in classroom focus, with students often multitasking instead of actively listening.
Among these debates, a line of research shows the lasting benefits of handwriting — an “innovation”
原创精品资源学科网4独 / 家62享有版权，侵权必究！before computers. First, handwriting enhances memory. Putting words on paper with a pen or pencil creates muscle
and sensory memories, and the arrangement of words on a page feed into visual memory: people might remember a
word they wrote down in French class at the bottom-left on certain page, which enhances learning.
Another best-demonstrated advantages of handwriting seems to be in effective note-taking. In a study from
2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer, students’ typing wrote down almost twice as many words exactly
from lectures, suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material. Handwriting —
which takes longer for nearly all university-level students — forces note-takers to synthesize (综合) and convey
concepts in their own words, thus strengthening learning.
Policymakers have also taken note of handwriting’s benefits. Half of the states in the USA, have responded
to research advocating for continued handwriting instruction. Sweden advocates for more handwriting and fewer
electronic devices, while England authorizes cursive instruction by age seven.
Dr. Virginia Berninger, a psychology professor at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of
handwriting while acknowledging its integration with digital literacy. She highlights research-backed benefits
across different writing styles — from manuscript to cursive — and even typing, which aids in composing
coherent passages quickly. Advocating occasional “tuning up” of handwriting skills throughout schooling and
possibly into adulthood, Berninger maintains that a balanced approach to writing methods ensures students’
academic and cognitive development.
27．What’s the possible result of younger students using laptops in class?
A．Increased engagement. B．Enhanced learning.
C．Declined memory. D．Weakened attention.
28．What does the underlined words “feed into” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Enhance. B．Conclude. C．Switch. D．Influence.
29．Which of the following does Berninger agree to do?
A．Replace handwriting with digital skills.
B．Prioritize digital skills over handwriting.
C．Balance handwriting with digital literacy.
D．Teach handwriting only in early education.
30．What does the text mainly focus on?
原创精品资源学科网5独 / 家62享有版权，侵权必究！A．Handwriting vs. typing in education.
B．The decline of handwriting in schools.
C．The benefits of handwriting in learning.
D．Technology’s impact on student engagement.
4.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）An ambitious plan to genetically engineer a version of the
woolly mammoth (长 毛 猛 犸 象 ), a giant that disappeared 4,000 years ago, is making some progress. A
new
biosciences and genetics company, Colosal, has raised $15 million to create a mammoth hybeid that looks exactly
like its extinct counterpart. The goal isn’t to clone a mammoth, but to create, through genetic engineering, a living,
walking elephant-mammoth hybeid.
The scientists revealed they had reprogrammed cells from an Asian elephant, the woolly mammoth’s closest
living relative. These changed cells can grow into any kind of elephant cell. The research team has analyzed the
than 50 changes to the genetic code of the Asian elephant to give it the characteristics it needs to survive and thrive
in the Arctic. These characteristics include a 10-centimeter layer of insulating (绝缘的) fat, five different kinds of
hair including some that is up to a meter long, and smaller ears that will help the hybrid tolerate the cold.
Colossal believes that bringing the woolly mammoth back to life could possibly help restore the fragile
Arctic tundra (冻原) ecosystem, which is at risk as the world warms. The company has claimed that mammoths, if
they should return to their natural habitat in the Arctic in sufficient numbers, would help slow down frozen soil
melting. Some scientists believe that, before their extinction, animals such as mammoths and horses kept the earth
frozen underneath by walking on the grass, knocking down trees and pressing snow tight. One small study in
Siberia published in 2021 suggested that the presence of large mammals such as horses and reindeer resulted in
lower soil temperatures in the protected area where they were kept compared with land outside that area.
Colossal also announced plans to being some other animals back to life such as the Tasmanian tiger in 2023
and the dodo in 2024, but its work on the mammoth has been going on longest.
39．What does the underlined word “counterpart” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．Endangered animal. B．Fellow species.
C．Cloned elephant. D．Extracted cell.
40．What can we learn about the hybrid?
A．It is visually similar to the Asian elephant.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
6 / 62B．It can grow into any types of elephant cell.
C．Thick fat and smaller ears help it endure the severe weather.
D．Long hair like a woolly coat keeps it from the cold and attacks.
41．Why does the author mention the study in Siberia in Paragraph 3?
A．To illustrate the possibility of reintroducing mammoths to their natural habitats.
B．To compare different kinds of nature reserves where large mammals were kept.
C．To indicate the link between the extinction of large mammals and climate change.
D．To show the potential impact of returning mammoths to the Arctic on the ecosystem.
42．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The project on bringing back the mammoth costs the most.
B．The Tasmania tiger and the dodo are also long-dead animals.
C．Colossal needs increased investment to advance the projects.
D．Colossal is completely confident in its technology and scientists.
题型二 阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题
1.（2025·广东省深圳市龙岗区高三期末质量监测）Frightening as monsters are, they have always
fascinated us. From strange combinations of animals to magical beings, creatures have emerged from our
imaginations throughout history. Today, they still frequent our cinema screens. Considering how scared we can be
of monsters, it seems paradoxical that we keep making them. In fact, there is science behind our love of monsters.
Monsters are imaginary creatures that come from our long history of living alongside predators (捕食者).
Snakes, for example, were among our ancestors’ first deadly threats, causing them to evolve snake-responsive
neurons (神 经 元 ) in their brains. This adaptation allowed them to detect snakes with just a quick look. This
hardware produced the snake-like monsters, including dragons, that appear in almost all cultures. That is why we
get a thrill seeing snake monsters on the screen.
Similarly, our ancestors’ minds were shaped by the need to detect bears, lions and other larger predators in
tough environments. We evolved to spot predators in the dark between tree trunks or in shadowy corners. With their
long teeth and giant claws, these animals have seized our imaginations, appearing in cave paintings over thousands
of years.
原创精品资源学科网7独 / 家62享有版权，侵权必究！There are psychological benefits to being frightened by monsters. Scary stories with terrifying creatures
activate the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, kicking off the fight-or-flight response and releasing adrenaline (肾
上 腺 素 ). With the story ending in safety, adrenaline levels drop, bringing chemicals that fuel the feeling of
relaxation. Such controlled fear experience might help us to manage long-term stress or increase our pain tolerance.
As a result, some people with anxiety enjoy watching horror films before bed.
The monsters we create today for films and books reflect our deepest fears — whether it’s Godzilla
threatening civilisation, or aliens growing within us. Monster media allows us to externalise anxieties into
supernatural beings. By understanding our monsters and why we make them, we can learn a great deal about what
is going on under the surface of our minds.
1．What does the underlined word “paradoxical” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Reasonable. B．Predictable. C．Contradictory. D．Problematic.
2．What is the purpose of paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．To honour the wisdom of our ancestors. B．To demonstrate the origin of monsters.
C．To compare different deadly creatures. D．To introduce common animals in artworks.
3．How does watching horror films benefit people with anxiety?
A．It reduces the brain’s sensitivity to fear. B．It helps people forget anxious experiences.
C．It teaches safety lessons in extreme danger. D．It stimulates the body’s relaxation system.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards our love of monsters?
A．Favourable. B．Uncertain. C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical.
2.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）In modern times, artificial intelligence (AI)
has entered various industries, including healthcare. AI is revolutionizing healthcare, bringing both opportunities
and challenges.
AI-powered diagnostic tools are becoming more common. Machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical
images like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans quickly and accurately. They can spot details doctors might miss. For
example, an AI system once identified lung cancer in X-rays more successfully than some experienced radiologists.
This early detection enables timely treatment and better patient outcomes.
AI is also used to create personalized treatment plans. By analyzing a patient’s genetic data, medical history,
lifestyle, and symptoms, AI can suggest customized strategies. In cancer treatment, for instance, it can determine
原创精品资源学科网8独 / 家62享有版权，侵权必究！the best chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy approach based on a patient’s genetic makeup.
Moreover, AI-driven chatbots offer basic medical advice and answer patients’ questions. They can triage
patients, telling them if they need immediate medical attention or can wait. This eases the burden on healthcare
providers and gives patients quick access to reliable information.
However, using AI in healthcare has challenges. Data privacy is a major concern as medical data is sensitive.
There are also worries about the reliability of AI-based diagnoses, as incorrect results could be serious. Integrating
AI into existing healthcare systems requires significant investment in technology and staff training.
Despite these challenges, the future of AI in healthcare is promising. With technological progress and
research, AI will play an even bigger role in improving global healthcare.
9．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce the basic concepts of AI.
B．To discuss the application and challenges of AI in the medical field.
C．To compare AI with human doctors in medical diagnosis.
D．To emphasize the importance of data privacy in AI-based medicine.
10．How can AI - powered diagnostic tools benefit patients?
A．They can completely replace human doctors in diagnosis.
B．They can provide free medical treatment.
C．They can detect diseases early and enable timely treatment.
D．They can reduce the cost of medical equipment.
11．What does the underlined word “triage” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．To classify patients according to the urgency of their conditions.
B．To provide free medical check-ups for patients.
C．To persuade patients to see a doctor as soon as possible.
D．To provide detailed medical reports for patients.
12．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．AI will soon replace human doctors in all aspects of healthcare.
B．The challenges of AI in the medical field are insurmountable.
C．The development of AI in the medical field will continue to progress.
原创精品资源学科网9独 / 家62享有版权，侵权必究！D．Data privacy is not a big concern in the application of AI in medicine.
3.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）Adventures Abroad: Your Dream Travel Awaits
Are you a high school senior looking for an unforgettable adventure before you head off to college? Look no
further than Adventures Abroad, the premier travel agency specializing in teen travel experiences.
We offer a wide range of exciting trips designed to expand your horizons and create memories that will last a
lifetime. Whether you’re interested in exploring the ancient ruins of Rome, diving into the crystal-clear waters of
the Great Barrier Reef, or trekking through the lush jungles of Costa Rica, we have the perfect trip for you.
Our trips are led by experienced and knowledgeable guides who are passionate about travel and dedicated to
providing you with a safe and educational experience. They will not only show you the sights but also teach you
about the local culture, history, and traditions.
In addition to our amazing destinations, we also offer a variety of activities to make your trip even more
memorable. From zip-lining through the rainforest to cooking classes with local chefs, there’s something for
everyone.
We understand that as a student, cost is an important factor. That’s why we offer affordable prices and
flexible payment options to make your dream trip a reality. Plus, we have early bird discounts and group rates
available, so the more friends you bring, the more you save!
Don’t miss out on this opportunity to see the world and have the time of your life. Contact us today at [phone
number] or visit our website at [website address] to learn more and book your adventure.
13．What is the main purpose of this advertisement?
A．To introduce different travel destinations.
B．To recruit travel guides for Adventures Abroad.
C．To promote Adventures Abroad’s teen travel packages.
D．To share travel experiences of high school seniors.
14．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an activity offered on the trips?
A．Exploring ancient ruins. B．Taking cooking classes.
C．Going on a safari. D．Zip-lining through the rainforest.
15．What can we learn about the prices of the trips?
A．They are very expensive. B．They are affordable and have discounts available.
原创精品资源学科网1独0 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！C．They are only for students with good grades. D．They are not mentioned in the advertisement.
题型三 阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征
1.（海南省三亚市 2024-2025 学年高三上学期期末）66-year-old Han Hua told tales of his table tennis
coaching career, showing photos that highlighting his victories in China, Tunisia and France.
Born in 1958, Han’s passion for table tennis started at a young age. A mix of raw talent and continuous
dedication drove him to junior tournament victories and eventually, to a desirable spot in the national team.
Since the 1950s, China has sent coaches in sports like table tennis, badminton, gymnastics and diving to
improve the competitive capacity of nations afar. As one of them, Han started a 12-year coaching journey in
Tunisia in 1984. He rapidly got accustomed to this way of life.
Known for his language competence and deep understanding of the sport, Han has earned applause from
peers and athletes.
In the 1990s, France enjoyed a golden era of table tennis led by the great table tennis player Jean-Philippe
Gatien. The French team, composed of Gatien, Patrick Chila, and Damien Eloi, achieved remarkable feats in the
World Cup and World Championships.
However, as they retired in the early years of this century, the once powerful team was enveloped in
calmness, motivating the French Table Tennis Federation to seek a savior in 2013 to restore the nation to its former
glory.
Han, with plentiful experience, coaching wisdom and fluency in French, stood out as the ideal candidate.
After three years of dedication, Han finally achieved his goal as the French men’s team delivered its most
outstanding performance in four decades — Emmanuel Lebesson won the men’s singles title while Simon Gauzy
secured the silver medal at the 2016 European Championships. After successfully leading the team to the Rio
Olympics, he transitioned into an assistant coaching role, paving the way for young French coaches.
As the year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of China-France diplomatic relations, Han emphasizes the
significance of the enduring bond between the two nations in table tennis.
19．What was Han Hua’s key qualification for coaching the French team?
A．His success in junior tournaments.
B．His role in China’s table tennis history.
C．His previous work with French players.
原创精品资源学科网1独1 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！D．His language skills and coaching experience.
20．Which of the following words can best describe Han?
A．Talented and fortunate. B．Professional and devoted.
C．Unbeatable and proud. D．Ambitious and aggressive.
21．What does Han emphasize between China and France referring to table tennis?
A．Cultural exchange. B．Shared goals.
C．Everlasting friendship. D．Economic cooperation.
22．What could be a suitable title of the passage?
A．The Chinese Coach who Wins Applause from Audience.
B．The Talented and Dedicated Chinese Table Tennis Athlete.
C．The Chinese Coach who Teaches Table Tennis to the World.
D．The 60th Anniversary of China-France Diplomatic Relations.
2.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）Wrapped in a shiny metal suit, Katia Krafft’s small frame
appeared insignificant next to the red curtain of boiling rock that burst from the ground before her. The dramatic
moment was captured in a photo taken atop Iceland’s Krafla volcano in 1984. “Once you see an eruption, you can’t
live without it because it’s so magnificent, so strong,” says Krafft, a fearless pioneer in volcanology, studying the
explosive peaks at a time when there were few women in the field.
The moment a volcano exploded, she and her husband, Maurice Krafft, also a volcancoogist, dropped
everything to analyze and capture the beauty and mystery of each event. These stunning pictures allowed
researchers to dissect (剖析) the complex details of each eruption like never before.
The Kraffts initially focused their work on so-called effusive (溢 流 式 的 ) eruptions, which, though
still
dangerous, are usually less deadly than their explosive relatives. But two disasters led the Kraffts to turn their eyes
on the destructive impacts of the latter. In 1980 the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington killed 57 people,
and in 1985, the eruption of Colombia’s Nevado del Ruiz killed more than 20,000 people.
The couple used their recordings of explosive eruptions to explain the complex risks and uncertainties of
these disasters. Their videos are credited as one of the main reasons that officials in the Philippines took the
warning signs of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption in 1991 seriously. Yet the Kraffts didn’t live to see it. They died less
than two weeks earlier in Japan during a terrible eruption.
原创精品资源学科网1独2 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has inspired many young women to
study our restless planet. At age 16, Marie-Claude Williamson, now a research scientist at the Geological Survey of
Canada, met Katia during an evening lecture where the Kraffts were narrating one of their films. “It was largely the
vision of the extraordinary woman I briefly encountered when I was 16 that kept me going.” she says.
43．What did the Kraffts do when a volcano erupted?
A．They sent once warnings. B．They shot the process.
C．They wrote down the details. D．They analyzed the causes.
44．What can be learned about the two eruptions in the 1980s?
A．They were effusive eruptions.
B．They took place in the US.
C．They were recorded by the Kraffts.
D．They changed the Kraffts’ career focus.
45．What’s the purpose of filming explosive eruptions?
A．To show the beauty of volcanoes.
B．To predict future volcanic activities.
C．To share knowledge of volcanic risks.
D．To guide government policy-making.
46．Which of the following words can best describe Katia?
A．Enthusiastic and modest. B．Humorous and professional.
C．Ambitious and generous. D．Courageous and influential.
3.（2025·广东省建文教育集团两学部第二次模拟）A modest assemblage of intrepid and inquisitive
youthful Irish musicians have assumed the mantle of safeguarding a legacy of melodies. Their initiative endeavors
to position the senior members of a generation teetering on the brink of obsolescence before a microphone, thereby
preserving their songs and narratives for the edification and study of future musicians in perpetuity.
Numerous experts frequently sound the alarm regarding the extent to which the oral traditions of humanity
are relinquished to the encroachment of modernity on an annual basis. In Ireland, a nation renowned for its
vocalists, the Song Collectors Collective (SCC) commemorates this heritage by paying homage to the individuals
who have sustained its foundational essence. The majority of these custodians hail from the reclusive traveler
原创精品资源学科网1独3 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！communities. Instead of merely amassing lyrics, each song is accessible solely through an exploration of the life
and narrative of the individual who rendered it for the SCC, or the so-called “Tradition Bearer.”
Consider, for instance, Freda Black, a great-grandmother in her mid-eighties. She harbored such a plethora
of songs that she confessed to being incapable of enumerating them all. She subsequently gained prominence in a
recently launched album by a contemporary folk artist and SCC member, Sam Lee. “I relish the moments spent at
the knees of these elders,” Lee remarked. “I am exceedingly fortunate. I am capturing the remnants of an era.”
“It is a prevalent plea for the songs and tales to be documented and disseminated, as the old customs are no
longer being conveyed, and this vast repository of knowledge pertaining to an archaic mode of existence is on the
verge of being consigned to oblivion. In this contemporary epoch of readily accessible recording technology, there
is no justification for failing to chronicle and share this opulent yet fragile tradition,” the SCC asserted. Having
amassed hundreds of recordings from a multitude of singers, the SCC is commencing to organize educational
events, sharing the stories and vocal renditions with those who are keen to listen, as well as imparting knowledge
on how individuals can become collectors in their own right.
93．How do those young Irish musicians save the tradition of songs? ______
A．By spreading their new music styles .
B．By recording old folk songs and related stories.
C．By teaching young people to learn traditional songs.
D．By improving the living conditions of elderly musicians.
94．What can we infer from Sam Lee’s words? ______
A．He is glad to keep a valuable tradition of music.
B．His latest album carries the memory of his grandma.
C．He is lucky to have got some help in learning music.
D．His music is inspired by conversations with Freda Black.
95．What further promotes the SCC’s protection of the oral tradition? ______
A．Market demand. B．The support of famous musicians.
C．High praise from the elderly. D．Technological progress.
96．Which of the following can best describe the SCC's work? ______
A．Effective and interesting. B．Successful but confusing.
原创精品资源学科网1独4 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！C．Necessary and meaningful. D．Professional but dangerous.
题型四 阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题
1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三高考适应性考试）Decades of increasing corn and soya bean production have
turned Brazil into an agricultural powerhouse, which also led to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest. That has
long put farmers and environmentalists in disagreement. But a study released in October by the Federal University
of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) shows the extent to which deforestation is
hurting farmers too.
The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced crop production,
resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019. The net revenues (收入) for soya
beans dropped by 10% over that time, while corn revenues dropped by 20%. Anders Krogh, a specialist forest
adviser at RFN, says these findings demonstrate the danger deforestation poses to global food security.
When ancient forests become rolling plains, a delicate balance of water cycle is disturbed. As trees breathe,
they turn water into vapour (水蒸气), which goes on to form large, thick rain clouds, and has a cooling effect on the
region. This recycling process also influences atmospheric circulation (循环), which plays a key role in temperature
regulation in the Amazon basin. The effects are the severest in the most deforested regions. Less rain and hotter
days mean smaller harvests and smaller revenues.
Preventing further deforestation in Brazil’s southern Amazon could slow the trend. Plus, reforesting could
even change rainfall trends: the report concludes that if the Brazilian state of Pará were to reforest 55,000 km² of
farming land, the rain could come on average five days earlier, and up to 19 in some areas. For now, though, that
seems like a tall orde r. Agricultural firms in Brazil tend to treat such reports and the researchers who produce them
with doubt. The term “agri-phobic (农业恐惧)” is often used to describe scientists who criticize the country’s
farming practices. At the grassroots level, despite the increasing costs of adapting to drier conditions, Brazilian
farmers doubt the claims that lower production results from climate change or deforestation.
Britaldo Soares-Filho, a researcher at UFMG and the report’s lead author, hopes that concentrating on the
financial effect of deforestation, rather than abstract modelling, can change farmers’ minds. Sustainable farming
practices, he urges, are in the economic interests of agribusiness.
51．How does the author develop paragraph 2?
A．By listing statistics. B．By citing a saying.
原创精品资源学科网1独5 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！C．By making an assumption. D．By introducing a concept.
52．Which is close to the underlined idiom “a tall order” in meaning in paragraph 4?
A．A hard nut. B．A big fish.
C．A helping hand. D．A red-letter day.
53．What does Britaldo Soares-Filho mean?
A．Logging contributes to financial increase.
B．Abstract modelling makes a big difference.
C．Clear-cutting puts global food security in great danger.
D．Farmers should focus on the financial impact of deforestation.
54．What is the best title for the text?
A．Deforestation: it boosts revenues?
B．Water cycle: it disturbs agriculture?
C．Climate change: it worsens rainforest?
D．Reforesting: it relieves global warming?
2（. 2025·河北省沧州市盐山县河北省盐山中学高三月考）Wild African elephants address each other
with
name-like calls, a rare ability among nonhuman animals, according to a new study published in Nature Ecology and
Evolution.
The researchers from Save the Elephants, a research and conservation organization based in Kenya, used
machine learning to confirm that elephant calls contained a name-like component identifying the intended recipient.
When the researchers played back recorded calls, elephants responded to calls that were addressed to them by
calling back or approaching the speaker. Calls meant for other elephants received less of a reaction.
“Elephants are expressive animals,” said George Wittemyer, an author of the study, “and their reactions are
easy to read to those familiar with them. When the researchers played back samples, the elephants responded
energetically and positively to recordings of their friends and family members calling to them but did not react
enthusiastically or move toward calls directed to others, demonstrating that they recognized their names.”
The study lasted four years and included 14 months of fieldwork in Kenya, with the researchers following
elephants in a vehicle and recording their vocalizations. About 470 distinct calls were collected from 101 unique
callers corresponding with 117 unique receivers in Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park.
原创精品资源学科网1独6 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！The researchers said much more data would be needed to distinguish the names within the calls and
determine whether elephants name other things they interact with, like food, water and places. “Unfortunately, we
can’t have them speak into microphones,” Wittemyer said, noting the barriers to collecting enough data.
New insights into elephant communication revealed by the study strengthen the case for their conservation,
the researchers said. Elephants are classified as endangered, due to hunting and habitat loss. Because of their size,
they need a lot of space and can be destructive to property and dangerous to people.
While conversing with them remains a distant dream, Wittemyer said that being able to talk with them could
be a game changer for their protection.
74．How did the researchers draw their conclusion?
A．By identifying the intended recipients’ family.
B．By analyzing the researchers’ calls with machines.
C．By referring to an expert’s personal experience.
D．By observing elephants’ reaction to played calls.
75．What do the researchers need to do next?
A．Classify the species of elephants. B．Collect sufficient elephants’ calls.
C．Keep elephants away from people. D．Change elephants’ calls randomly.
76．What is Wittemyer’s opinion on people’s communicating with elephants?
A．It will be a reality soon. B．It is of great significance.
C．It remains impossible forever. D．It is useless to their protection.
77．Where does the text most probably appear?
A．In a science magazine. B．In a biology textbook.
C．In an animal care guide. D．In an interview.
3.（2025·辽宁省沈阳市高三上学期一模）In a study, 152 college students exposed to misinformation read
one of two articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information. Those who read an article that
had “just the facts” preserved more misconceptions than those who read an article with a refutation — meaning it
specifically pointed out the false claims before presenting the facts.
For this study, researchers first tested what the student participants knew about putting fluoride (氟化物) in
water. The students then read two articles: one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the
原创精品资源学科网1独7 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！other presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease. The participants all read
the same misinformation, but different groups read an article with the correct information either in a traditional
“just the facts” style or one that first refuted the misinformation. The study also tested the effects of having the
participants read the correct article before, or after, the misinformation.
A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions — but the group that performed
the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text. Those who had read the refutation
article either before, or after, the misinformation had fewer misconceptions. They also had more positive emotions
toward the subject.
With large amounts of information easily available online, it can be hard for many people to sort fact from
falsehood. This can cause a problem called “conceptual pollution” — when learning incorrect information gives
rise to intervention and confusion in learning the correct information. “Your mind doesn’t discriminate for content.
Whether it’s a correct conception or a misconception, it just absorbs it,” Danielson, a psychology researcher, says.
Researchers like him are looking for ways to teach science that break through the noise of misinformation. This
study and others prove that a refutation approach is prospective. Researchers also perceive the refutational approach
works well for topics from physics and chemistry to highly political ones.
1．What do we know about the student participants in the study?
A．They were divided into two groups. B．They got misinformation first.
C．They were shown right information. D．They read the same two articles.
2．In what order did the poorest-performing group read the articles?
A．Misinformation first, then refutation. B．“Just the facts” first, then misinformation.
C．Refutation first, then misinformation. D．Misinformation first, then “just the facts”.
3．What does the underlined word “noise” probably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Correction. B．Disturbance. C．Occurrence. D．Comprehension.
4．How does the text develop?
A．Fact — Contrast — Explanation — Expectation B．Introduction — Process —
Result — Conclusion
C．Background — Problem — Analysis — Solution D．Topic — Classification —
Discussion — Outcome
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
18 / 62题型五 阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度
1.（2025·安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三第一次质量检测）Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the
“world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand. The Groningen-based company today
announced a fresh cash injection of €1. 5 million to promote the development of the product, which uses an inbuilt
camera system, motion sensors, and artificial intelligence to capture text written on paper.
“Just write, and Nuwa Pen digitizes, ” Marc Tuinier, Nuwa's CEO, told us. All the notes are then stored on
the startup’s app. They can then be organized, shared, and integrated with other apps. A particularly fascinating
feature is intelligent notes, which scans and identifies rich text items such as dates, to-dos, and phone numbers from
the notes. Users can then link the data with, for instance, their calendar, to-do app, or phone book. The feature is
integrated with over 50 apps. Nuwa compares it to a personal assistant that puts you on top of your schedule.
Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook. While many smart
pens only work on screens or digital writing systems, Nuwa promises adaptability with every type of paper. The
product also uses regular ink refills. “Other smart pen brands rely on special dotted paper to recognize what the user
is writing, so you’ll also be stuck buying their paper, ” Tuinier said. “Nuwa Pen can be used on any paper. ”
The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single
AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to
digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors. All the data is then processed directly on the device. “Capturing
handwriting from these sensors in the pen itself, while a pen is constantly moving, is an extremely difficult task to
get right — and we’ve done it, ” Tuinier said. By combining the trusty old ballpoint pen with the digital world,
Nuwa hopes that it can solve one of those needs. The device is now available for pre-order.
82．What is the primary function of the Nuwa Pen?
A．Intergrating pens with other apps. B．Organizing handwritten notes digitally.
C．Combining all apps into a single platform. D．Providing a solution for personal schedules.
83．Who is the Nuwa Pen’s main target buyer?
A．People who prefer typing over handwriting.
B．People who show interest in smart ink refills.
C．People who have an extra budget for paper purchase.
D．People who appreciate traditional pen and paper writing.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
19 / 6284．Why does the author list a series of numbers in the last paragraph?
A．To show how portable the device is. B．To explain the structure of the cameras.
C．To demonstrate the device’s operating time. D．To describe the materials used in the device.
85．What is the author’s attitude towards the Nuwa Pen?
A．Doubtful. B．Uncertain. C．Neutral. D．Enthusiastic.
2.（2025·湖南省娄底市娄底市名校联盟高三月考）In Mirabella, a 20-storey “university retirement
community” at Arizona State University (ASU), a group of men and women sit attentively in class, writing notes or
taking photos of the slides. But the hearing aids hint at how unusual this class is. Mirabella is home to over 300
retirees. When it opened in 2020, the senior-living facility was nearly fully subscribed. Most residents get a
university pass, which allows them to attend the same classes and cultural events as students, without having to take
exams. Golf trucks can drive them around the campus, though many are still fit enough to mountain bike.
In their dorms, restaurants serve good food and the facilities include an art studio, a pool and gym, and a
games room. Only the second floor feels institutional, with a memory-care centre and rooms for residents who need
round-the-clock attention. This is part of a wider trend. An estimated 85 colleges in America provide some forms of
senior living. The idea sprang from two college presidents who wanted to retire on campus in the 1980s. Today,
universities offer senior-living arrangements, with as many as 20,000 older Americans living like this.
With more than 10,000 baby-boomers in America turning 65 every day, the opportunity for alternative forms
of retirement is large. Compared with previous generations, boomers are wealthy, educated and picky. They want to
remain active, stimulated and not locked away. These wishes can all be met on a university campus.
For universities, welcoming retirees can make sense, too. Nationally, undergraduate enrolment has dropped.
The smartest universities provide continued care-including for the very last stage of life. Bill, an 80-year-old former
newspaper editor, moved to Mirabella with his wife two years ago. They have made friends with residents and with
younger students. “Being among young people is really invigorating,” said Bill. At a discussion group about AI,
one of the topics was whether a lifespan of 200 or 250 years would be desirable. “The 20-year-olds were
enthusiastic,” he reflected, but those in their 70s and 80s had some reservations.
7．What implies the difference of the group of people attending class in Mirabella?
A．They don’t take notes in class. B．They take photos of the lectures.
C．Some of them wear hearing aids. D．They have their own institutions.
原创精品资源学科网2独0 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！8．What’s the trend described in the text?
A．Colleges provide senior living services. B．Senior professors remain active in class.
C．Baby-boomers have changed social norms. D．Seniors come back to class for education.
9．What does the underlined word “invigorating” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Astonishing. B．Demanding. C．Depressing. D．Inspiring.
10．How does the author view the universities’ welcome of retirees?
A．Negatively. B．Positively. C．Indifferently. D．Objectively.
3.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三教学质量统测）Meta has announced third-party AR filters (滤镜) will no
longer be available on its apps, including Instagram, as of January 2025.
Filters have become a key feature on Instagram. The most popular of these — which often involve
beautifying the user’s appearance — are created by users themselves via the Meta Spark Studio. However, the use
of beautifying AR filters has long been connected to worsened mental health and body image problems in young
women.
So, why wait until now to remove a popular but controversial (有争议的) technology? In April 2024, Meta
added a US $35-40 billion investment in the technology and is pulling AR technology in-house. Filters will not be
going away altogether on Instagram. First-party filters created by Meta will continue to be available. At present, the
140 filters available on Instagram’s official account are insignificant compared to the library of millions of filters
created by third-parties and these official filters do not feature any beautifying ones.
The removal of third-party filters will see complex and realistic beautifying filters gone from Meta platforms.
However, this is hardly cause for celebration.
Now, after having access to AR filters on Instagram for seven years, users are even more habituated to their
presence. They also have many more alternatives to access a version of the technology inside another app.
When people post with a filter on Instagram, a watermark that links to the filter and its creator appears on the
image. This watermark is important to assist users in determining whether someone’s appearance is changed or not.
Some users get around the watermark by downloading their filtered photo, and re-uploading it so their filtered
appearance is more difficult to detect. By removing popular beauty filters from Instagram, this practice will become
the default (默认的) way for users to post with these filters on the platform.
The removal of beauty filters on Instagram will not stop their use. Instead, it will drive users to other
原创精品资源学科网2独1 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！platforms to access filters. These filters will be more sophisticated and harder to detect when they are re-posted
cross platform, without the benefit of having the watermark indicator.
5．What change has Meta made to its AR strategy?
A．It will release beautifying filters in the near future.
B．It has reduced the variety of third-party filters available.
C．It has decided to develop AR technology independently.
D．It will continue investing in third-party filter development.
6．What might Meta’s decision about AR filters lead to?
A．Higher quality of third-party filters. B．Enhanced regulation on AR technology.
C．Users’ greater reliance on alternative apps. D．Users’ increasing use of Meta’s official filters.
7．What can be inferred about Instagram’s watermark?
A．It seems to be ineffective. B．It brings users lots of trouble.
C．It’s hard to notice by one’s eyes. D．It’s a good way to prevent identity theft.
8．What is the author’s attitude to Meta’s decision on AR filters?
A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful.
题型六 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处
1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）Nowadays some documentaries kind of blow viewers
away with their unique shooting skills and fascinating insights. Here are three picks among them for 2024.
● Fantasy Westward Journey
Chief Director: Liu Yile Length: Six Episodes
Producers: Chen Xiaoyu Broadcasting Platforms: Bilibili
This film series is the first game documentary created by NetEase and a CCTV production team. It shows the
integration of video game production with traditional shadow play art, ancient building restoration techniques, and
movable-type printing, which embodies the connection between Chinese intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化
遗产) and video game production.
● Beautiful Guangdong and Wild Lingnan
Producers: Rong Mingchang, Liu Jiangtao Length: Five Episodes
Producers: Nanfang Metropolis Daily, N video Broadcasting Platforms: Tencent Video, Bilibili
原创精品资源学科网2独2 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！Rich with mountains, coasts and valleys, Lingnan area in the south of China is blessed with thousands of
recorded animals and plants. This documentary series focuses on geographical features, presenting the beautiful
scenery and vitality of wild creatures native to Guangdong Province.
● A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)
Directors: Jia Li, Liang Shuai Length: Ten Episodes
Producers: I-TALK Broadcasting Platforms: Bilibili
This documentary is the first on-the-spot interview series about personalities in the field of architecture in
China. Each episode features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning at the
construction site, filming the moment of inspiration and the spirit of the modern era. It aims to show a deep
understanding of the essence of architecture—it is not only the presentation of the architect’s design, but also a
shared space that everyone can interact with through body and mind.
7．Who document various wild creatures in the southern China?
A．Liu Yile and Chen XiaoyuJia B．Li and Liang Shuai
C．Rong Mingchang and Liu Jiangtao D．Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning
8．What is special about A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)?
A．It broadcasts on Bilibili. B．It features face-to-face talks.
C．It presents restoration skills. D．It showcases the modern art.
9．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A magazine. B．A brochure. C．A report. D．A textbook.
2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）There are always some places that seem to go well
beyond our earthly expectations. These incredible locations are similar to those in science fictions, catching our
imagination and transporting us to otherworldly grounds.
Cappadocia, Turkey
Located in central Anatolia, the area is known for its unusual rock formations known as “fairy chimneys.”
These columns, created by volcanoes and erosion (腐蚀) over millions of years, give the region its otherworldly
appearance.
Tsingy de Bemaraha
The remarkable sight attracts visitors with its unique limestone (石 灰 石 ) formations. Stretching over
原创精品资源学科网2独3 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！1,500-square kilometers, Tsingy, which means “where one cannot walk barefoot,” contains sharp surfaces and
underground caves, forming a dramatic landscape. Adventurers can explore the park via bridges and ladders to
witness the breathtaking beauty of this natural wonder.
Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park
Located in China’s Gansu province, Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park contains landforms that are
one of nature’s masterpieces. Its vivid, rainbow-colored rock formations have been shaped by wind and water
erosion over millions of years. The layers of red, orange and yellow create a landscape that looks as if it were on a
different planet altogether.
Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula
Located within the remarkable landscapes of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, the cenotes (洞井) present a place
of otherworldly beauty. These natural sinkholes, created by the collapse of their limestone base, open up into
charming underground caves and shining pools. Rays of sunlight dance through the openings in the walls, lighting
up the waters below, telling a tale of nature’s artistry.
Visiting these places not only provides a visual feast, but also reminds us of the incredible wonder here on
Earth.
1．What is unique about Tsingy de Bemaraha?
A．It features sharp grounds. B．It lies partly underground.
C．It witnesses volcanic activities. D．It contains limestone bridges.
2．Where can visitors appreciate colorful rocks?
A．Cappadocia, Turkey.
B．Tsingy de Bemaraha.
C．Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park.
D．Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula.
3．Where is this text probably from?
A．A geography textbook. B．An architecture report.
C．A travel magazine. D．An art album.
3.（2025·甘肃临夏州高中高三期末质量检测）Perhaps you’ve seen a giant sculpture of a fork, and
wondered, how on Earth is this art? I’ll bet you didn’t dare ask it out loud, for fear of looking awkward. Luckily for
原创精品资源学科网2独4 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！us, Bianca Bosker is willing to dive into the art world in Get the Picture, where she explores the spiritual richness
art itself provides.
She sets out to develop what art lovers call an “Eye” a keen perception (感知) to separate the “good” art
from the“bad”. She finds out that the art world can be tough for people who can’t afford art school and there’s a lot
of mean behavior from those at the top.
Even though Bosker’s experiences might make you feel less sure about art, she keeps looking deeper and
finds out that art can make people happy, whether they’re creating it or just looking at it.
While expanding on the meaning of art, Bosker demonstrates that our brains have a “filter (过滤器)” that
helps us quickly understand the world around us. This filter lets us ignore some things and focus on others. This
filter allows us to take mental shortcuts and dismiss certain visual details to rapidly process our chaotic
environment.
One function of art, Bosker writes, is to remove this filter to reexamine the world with renewed wonder. Art
has a curing quality, a fact that’s seized upon by doctors who will ask the patients to visit art museums. Over two
dozen medical schools require students to study paintings to avoid jumping to conclusions. Instead of lecturing
from an authoritative angle, Bosker lets readers witness at eye level her growing clarity of art’s function.
In the end, readers don’t get a complete answer for humankind’s fascination with art. Bosker instead offers
her own interpretation: Art is a way to find beauty and heighten our appreciation for life. In laying bare the truth of
an “Eye”. Bosker argues that art is everywhere and can be anything, as long as we’re open to letting what we see
move us. By the last page, you’ll be forced to revisit that fork sculpture and behold the artwork with fresh eyes.
4．What is the main purpose of Get the Picture?
A．To criticize the sculpture art world. B．To prove that art has no spiritual value.
C．To explain how to appreciate art. D．To argue that art has no curing quality.
5．What does the term “Eye” refer to in the second paragraph?
A．The ability to perceive art critically. B．A physical condition that affects vision.
C．A type of art school training program. D．The way artists sign their own work.
6．What does Bosker suggest in the last paragraph?
A．We should appreciate art with a professional background.
B．We should be open to letting art affect us emotionally.
原创精品资源学科网2独5 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！C．We should focus on the spiritual value of art works.
D．We should visit art museums as often as we can.
7．What is the text?
A．A news report.B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry.
题型七 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势
1.（2025·山东省德州市优高联盟九校联考高三月考）You may regard a wave as a common gesture, but
what happens when you wave to your European friend across the street and she turns to walk the other way?
It isn't because your friend is tired of your company. While most Americans interpret a wave as a friendly
greeting or goodbye, the same movement is just as likely to express no in parts of Europe and Latin America. The
same dissonance is true of other signals: showing the number two by holding up two fingers with the palm facing
inward is inoffensive in most of the world, but it's a rude gesture in the United Kingdom and Australia.
The most common understanding of the subject relates body language to spoken language. Gestures with
specific meanings, while informally called “body language, belong to the field of kinesics(人体动作学), an area of
study that distinguishes these movements from instinctive actions, such as smiling when happy. Developed by Ray
Birdwhistell in the 1950s, kinesics uses the building blocks of linguistics to understand how gestures produce
meaning. As the units of sound that form spoken words are called phonemes(音素), the units of movement that
form kinesic gestures are called kinemes—and, as the same phoneme can communicate a different meaning across
languages, the same kineme can also communicate different meanings in different cultures or contexts. For example,
the thumbs-up kineme indicates praise in North America, but it means something extremely rude in Australia.
There's one more mess in understanding nonverbal communication, though. Although body language isn't
universal, the emotions behind it may be. In a study performed by American researcher Paul Ekman, participants
from the West, insular African communities, and New Guinea were shown a collection of more than 10,000 images
illustrating different facial expressions. When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background,
identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial
expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt.
6．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Comparison. B．Disharmony. C．Theory. D．Discomfort.
7．What is the similarity between body and spoken language?
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
26 / 62A．They can be divided into the field of kinesics together.
B．They are based on movements from instinctive actions.
C．They convey different meanings with the same element.
D．They can unite people in different countries and regions.
8．How did Paul Ekman reach his conclusion?
A．By interviewing participants from diverse backgrounds.
B．By asking participants to show many facial expressions.
C．By observing how participants reacted to those images.
D．By judging if participants recognized the same emotions.
9．What might be discussed in the following text?
A．Other types of facial expressions. B．Applications of facial expressions.
C．Drawbacks of Paul Ekman's study. D．Forms of nonverbal communication.
2.（2025·山东省济宁市高三上学期 1 月期末）People’s tendency to follow trends, especially on social
media — even when they look silly or take risks doing so — is definitely a common phenomenon. What does
psychology say about trend following — and is there a way to break free from the desire to follow the newest
craze?
According to Psychologist Pamela B．Rutledge, following trends isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental
instability. Rather, it is an entirely natural behavior embedded in humanity’s fundamental need to belong to a social
group and establish connections with others.
Historically, following trends was crucial for our survival. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that
early humans worked together to transport stone tools over long distances about two million years ago in what is
now Kenya — cooperation that allowed them to survive in a severe environment. And though following a trend on
social media isn’t exactly as important as outrunning a saber-toothed tiger, human evolution has programmed our
brains to be receptive to social signals.
Another contributing factor the social cognition (认知) — the processes that determine what we notice and
how we respond to others — largely takes place in the parts of the brain that oversee sight, pattern recognition,
decision-making, empathy, and similar functions. “Thanks to our humans’ complex cognitive systems, our brains
are really good at identifying patterns and stimulating behavior that communicates our social status. As a result,
原创精品资源学科网2独7 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！you can use almost anything to signal your membership or affiliation with a social group. Giving off the right social
signals lets others know which group you belong to or want to engage with — and those signals are monitored and
interpreted by others. Referred to as identity signaling, these behaviors can range from putting a bumper sticker on
a car to selecting a brand of clothing,” said Rutledge.
Almost everyone follows trends in social groups, without exception. However, tweens, teenagers, and young
adults are especially likely to follow trends, including risky ones, due to their heightened desire for acceptance and
belonging among peers. Therefore, it’s of great significance to guide them during their journey towards maturity.
1．What does Rutledge think of following trends?
A．Changeable. B．Reasonable. C．Odd. D．Risky.
2．Why did early humans prefer to follow trends?
A．To remove mental weakness. B．To show their social status.
C．To live through difficulties. D．To expand their population.
3．What is the hidden meaning of identity signaling?
A．Good taste in fashion. B．Blind pursuit of novelty.
C．A true reflection of personality. D．A keen thirst for belonging.
4．What will the follow-up paragraph most probably talk about?
A．Tips on embracing trends sensibly. B．Insights into forthcoming trends.
C．Parental guidance in kids’ future jobs. D．Psychology behind trend adoption.
Passage 1
1.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三期末）I have been studying the French language for three years. This
field of study has been the hardest but most precious of my life. I would put it above the study of writing simply
because I started writing as a 6-year-old boy under my mother’s guidance. I always “felt” I could write. I did not
always “feel” I could study a foreign language effectively.
But here I am, right now, in a French hotel. I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went
to get lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words
are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each
原创精品资源学科网2独8 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！misstep, I find my way more clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French novels; I didn’t feel it at school. I just felt
it when I first arrived Paris.
I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any reality. The fear of making
mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of
who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The
transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey.
Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel
a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious,
for they remind me of how far I’ve come. They are not the norm (常态), though. The truth is, the lows are what I
encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better
versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing.
1．How does the author feel about making mistakes in French?
A．Awkward. B．Hopeless. C．Competent. D．Rewarding.
2．Why does the author emphasize feelings?
A．To highlight his struggles in learning French.
B．To show that positive thinking can drive growth.
C．To illustrate that people should follow their hearts.
D．To clarify his experience in mindset transformation.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The lows are always followed by highs.
B．Feeling confident should be made a norm.
C．Struggles are an essential part of learning.
D．The ups are the real times when learning occurs.
4．Which statement might the author probably agree with?
A．Fail again, fail better. B．Stay grounded, work for greatness.
C．Accept the lows, wait for the chance. D．Be courageous, explore the unknown.
2（. 2025·山东省济宁市高三期末）“What’s special about our species?” is a question scientists have
wrestled
with for centuries. Now an evolutionary anthropologist Thomas Morgan has a new theory that could change the
原创精品资源学科网2独9 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！way we perceive ourselves, and the world.
“It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the shared body of knowledge passed
down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us special, but our new discoveries are
challenging that and forcing us to rethink what makes us as a species unique,” said Morgan.
Just as humans pass on knowledge to our children, when a new queen leafcutter ant hatches, she collects a
little mouthful of her mother’s genetic material to start a new family. Even locusts use complex evolving systems to
adapt to local conditions, relying on epigenetic changes — how factors like age and environment can change gene
activity without changing DNA sequence (序列) — to quickly evolve between green or yellow-and-black forms
based on overpopulation.
So, if animals do have evolving cultures, then what’s special about human culture? Morgan pointed out that
we humans are so special because of our “open-endedness” — our ability to communicate and understand an
infinite number of possibilities in life, whereas animals’ inability to easily imagine complicated sequences or
subgoals limits their way of thinking.
“For example, when I’m making my boys’ breakfast in the morning, it’s a nested, multi-step process. First, I
need to get the bowls and pots and other equipment. Then I put the ingredients in the pot, all in the right amounts
and order, cook it, monitoring temperature until it reaches the right consistency, and then serve it up. Each of these
steps is a subgoal. This complex procedure is hard for animals to interpret,” said Morgan.
When it comes to the limit of this system, human brains just keep going, which allows us to perform a
near-infinite set of behaviors — this is open-endedness.
1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The human culture. B．The common belief.
C．The latest discovery. D．The new species.
2．What can be learned in paragraph 3?
A．The fittest are likely to survive best. B．DNA’ s sequence is basically unstable.
C．Culture accumulation isn’t exclusive to humans. D．Parents attach importance to
children’ s education.
3．Why does Morgan cite the breakfast-making example?
A．To display his superb cooking skills. B．To explain the complexity of cooking.
原创精品资源学科网3独0 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！C．To stress the importance of goal-setting. D．To show animals’ struggle with subgoals.
4．Which can best describe the core of human open-endedness?
A．Orderly. B．Boundless. C．Consistent. D．Inclusive.
3（. 2025·山东省德州市第二中学高三月考）Many years ago, I got drunk. The next morning, I told my
dad
what happened. “We had some wine at the restaurant”, I said, “and then some beer. It doesn’t seem enough for me
to feel this bad.” My dad said something I carry with me to this day, “Beer before wine and you’ll feel fine; wine
before beer and you’ll feel queer (奇怪的).”
Out of all the many pieces of advice my father handed down over the years, only a few stick in my memory.
And those are the ones that rhyme. This is known as the “rhyme-as-reason effect”, a cognitive (认 知 的 )
phenomenon with lots of real-life, practical application. There’s a strange fact: You might be able to remember all
the lines of the song from your childhood, yet you can’t remember something that happened last week. When we
use rhymes, we break down details into something that can more easily be stored and recovered.
We often judge rhymes more favorably. Friedrich Nietzsche was a big fan of aphorisms (格言). He wrote a
series of books entirely in aphorisms because he knew that a well-organized turn of phrase cut into your
understanding far quicker than essays. He expressed in one of his books, “We sometimes consider an idea truer
simply because it rhymes and presents itself with a brilliant skip and jump.”
Two psychologists, Matthew McGlone and Jessica Tofighbakhsh, investigated this phenomenon. They
presented their participants with a series of aphorisms — some are rhymed; others not. They discovered that not
only did participants aesthetically (审美上) prefer the rhymed sentences, but they more often considered them more
accurate. Despite participants agreeing that aesthetic qualities don’t represent truth, they couldn’t avoid their own
prejudice. This led the team to remember the poet John Keats’ line: “Beauty is truth; truth beauty.”
There are two important lessons to learn from this. The first is that rhyming makes for long-term memory. If
you want to remember it, rhyme it. The second is that rhyming doesn’t equal accuracy. My dad’s wisdom might
sound neat but it is based on insufficient evidence. Keep in mind that a nice turn of phrase isn’t necessarily better
than an awkward one.
1．What can we know about the “rhyme-as-reason effect”?
A．It conveys a deeper meaning. B．It is less frequently used nowadays.
C．It makes information more memorable. D．It is inconsistent with childhood memories.
原创精品资源学科网3独1 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！2．Why does the author mention Friedrich Nietzsche in paragraph 3?
A．To prove the influence of his writings.
B．To illustrate people’s preference for rhymes.
C．To show the complexity of his writing style.
D．To encourage the wide use of rhymes and aphorisms.
3．What can be concluded from Matthew and Jessica’s findings?
A．Aesthetic qualities help clarify the fact.
B．People tend to ignore precision in rhymes.
C．Rhymed sentences are usually less trustworthy.
D．Aesthetic qualities likely conflict with people’s judgments.
4．What message does the author want to convey at the end of the text?
A．Treat rhymes with a wise mind.
B．Make good use of factual information.
C．Respect the wisdom of our old generations.
D．Focus on the improvement of long-term memory.
4.（2025·河北省保定市高三期末）AI is deeply changing the way we produce and work, including
improving production efficiency, optimizing workflow and enhancing work efficiency. It also involves in medical
care, education, transportation and other fields. Be that as it may, what about the downsides? Two experts weigh in.
A recent study showed that one of the most popular AI chatbots has been sharing inaccurate coding and
computer programming advice. This is because generative AI applications such as large language models work,
functionally, as a prediction program. When you ask a question, the AI sifts through (细查) its knowledge base for
relevant information. Then, using that information, it predicts a set of words that it perceives as the desired
response to your question. That prediction is followed by another prediction — another set of words — that it has
been trained to expect should come next, and so on.
But Rayid Ghani, a professor of Machine Learning Department, says that process puts greater emphasis on
probability than truth: Most generative AI models have been trained on large scale of data from across the Internet,
but nobody has checked the accuracy of those data, nor does the AI understand what is or isn’t a trustworthy source.
When humans make mistakes, Ghani says, it’s easy for us to empathize (共鸣), since we recognize that
原创精品资源学科网3独2 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！people aren’t perfect beings. But we expect our machines to be correct. That makes it very hard for us to forgive AI
when it gets things wrong. But empathy can be a powerful debugging tool: These are human-made systems, after
all.
AI has a water problem — really, an energy problem. A significant amount of heat is generated by the
energy required to power the AI tools that people are increasingly using in their daily personal and professional
lives. As Shaolei Ren, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, is quick to note, cooling down
the data centers requires an enormous amount of water, similar to the amount used by tens of thousands of city
dwellers (居民). Ren believes it will be important for us as individuals and as a society to better understand the real
cost of asking an application like ChatGPT a question.
1．Which of the following would Ghani probably agree with?
A．AI applications serve as large language models.
B．The prediction process of AI is simplified.
C．Humans have tolerance for mistakes of AI.
D．AI models attach greater importance to relevance than precision.
2．What is Ghani’s attitude towards AI?
A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Content. D．Biased.
3．What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph?
A．AI tools are increasingly generating massive water in daily life.
B．The amount of water consumed by AI is equal to that used by citizens.
C．We are supposed to be aware of the environmental impact of AI.
D．Individuals and society should reduce the cost of using AI.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To give a brief account of AI. B．To illustrate big issues regarding AI.
C．To honor two outstanding AI experts. D．To clarify the current situation of AI.
5.（2025·湖北省部分市州高三期末联考）Five Grade 11 students, calling themselves “Team Voltage 5”
from the Philippine Science High School, engineered an innovative device named the “S-Light” and secured a
Silver Award at the Young Inventors Challenge 2019 in Malaysia. This annual event, initiated in 2003, is meant to
fuel a passion for science among young minds. Uniquely, the S-Light differs from conventional speakers by turning
原创精品资源学科网3独3 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！noise into electricity rather than using electricity to produce sound.
In order to develop this device, Team Voltage 5 invested countless lunchtimes in school laboratories,
working closely with their science teachers. A team member explained, “When sound waves strike the diaphragm
of the speaker, the interaction between the magnet and coil generates electrical energy. This is stored in a power
bank to power a light. This process is essentially the opposite of how traditional speakers work.
The S-Light proves highly effective in environments abundant with noise, such as airports, busy roads, or
construction sites. With larger speakers and a lot of devices, it holds the incredible potential to generate sufficient
electricity for an entire community and provide sustainable energy solutions.
While transforming noise into electricity is not a novel concept, no practical device existed before. The
creators of the “S-Light” were driven by the prospect of assisting students in rural areas lacking electric lighting for
home study. They were keenly aware of their privilege in attending school and expressed pride in contributing their
invention to their nation as gratitude for their educational opportunities.
The remarkable achievements of Team Voltage 5 serve as an inspiration, encouraging other young
individuals to realize their full potential to impact others' lives and make great contributions to society through
scientific innovation and creativity.
1．What do we know about the “S-Light”?
A．It was initially operated in 2003. B．It uses electricity to make sound.
C．It transforms sound into electricity. D．It works the same way as a speaker.
2．What's paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Why the “S-Light” matters. B．How the “S-Light” functions.
C．Where the “S-Light” stores energy. D．What issue the “S-Light” addresses.
3．Which words can best describe Team Voltage 5?
A．Humorous and diligent. B．Creative and appreciative.
C．Curious and dependable. D．Productive and responsible.
4．What message does the author mainly convey in the text?
A．Small actions bring about new insights.
B．Joint efforts are key to achieving success.
C．Important changes always arise from trial and error.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
34 / 62D．Innovative youth contribute to community well-being.
1.（2024·北京卷）
When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary
school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters
into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the
art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low
grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions
often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made
painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it.
Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil
painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and
told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back
something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I
now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy.
Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much.
That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam?
A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.
25. In her 30s, the author _________.
A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career
C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings
原创精品资源学科网3独5 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream?
A. Confusing. B. Empowering.
C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success.
C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident.
2.（2024·北京卷）
The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation
hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation ——
a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will
probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that
are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in
structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world
is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one
knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality,
reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural
and psychological histories. Again, a black box.
So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer
simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the
universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world,
we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the
universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics.
Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing,
virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe.
Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an
output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more
tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
原创精品资源学科网3独6 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the
“computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis?
A. Make an assumption. B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestion. D. Justify a comparison.
29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by.
30. As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________.
A. appreciative B. doubtful C. unconcerned D. disapproving
31. It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A. compare the current models with the previous ones
B. continue exploring the classical models in history
C. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D. turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细 菌 )? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污 泥 ). First, he
constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
原创精品资源学科网3独7 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(
污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a
city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what # # s happening. Then you let
these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A.He was fond of travelling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at
beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
原创精品资源学科网3独8 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
( )34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
5.[2023·全国乙卷]
B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,
mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find
distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours
away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the
countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the
right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed
plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to
photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We
managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However,we did not mark the
原创精品资源学科网3独9 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting
lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
6.【2023 年 1 月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public
debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they
mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in
society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
原创精品资源学科网4独0 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
7.【2023 年 1 月·浙江卷】D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown
rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a
lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be
installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought
to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These
pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says
Macknick.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
原创精品资源学科网4独1 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
8.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each
chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for
your particular circumstances.
( )28.What is the book aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
42 / 629.[2023·全国甲卷]
C
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that
were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a
world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people
who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love
for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work
in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder
like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a
book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he
does so with plenty of humour. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in
history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own
interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls
them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a
coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is
something we don’t have a lot of.
( )29.Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4?
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
10.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
原创精品资源学科网4独3 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many
literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the
texts,but the objects.
( )33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2?
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
11.B【2022·新高考 I 卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
原创精品资源学科网4独4 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown
away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown
into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
12.D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
原创精品资源学科网4独5 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制
造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation
to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
13.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black
rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at
the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known
for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,
but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
原创精品资源学科网4独6 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
14.A【2022·新高考 I 卷】
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay
2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will
be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or
tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to
take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or
short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not
turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get
a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
原创精品资源学科网4独7 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
15.C【2022·新高考 I 卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
48 / 62C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
16.C【2021·英语全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the
beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He
seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,”
I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
原创精品资源学科网4独9 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！8．What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A．He felt disappointed. B．He gave up his hobby.
C．He liked the weather there. D．He had disagreements with his family.
17.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet
afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer:
absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
13．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
18.B【2021·全国高考乙卷】
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
原创精品资源学科网5独0 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede
that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a
further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
27．What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A．It remains a family necessity.
B．It will fall out of use some day.
C．It may increase daily expenses.
D．It is as important as the gas light.
19.D【2021·全国高考乙卷】
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by
the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space
across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically
use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
原创精品资源学科网5独1 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects
were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85
decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right
level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to
wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for
working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop
ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found
that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee
shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
35．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He’s a news reporter.
B．He’s an office manager.
C．He’s a professional designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
20. B【2020·浙江卷】
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known
原创精品资源学科网5独2 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller
cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
26．What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A．They work better on broad roads.
B．They should be used in other cities.
C．They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D．They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27．What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A．It is rewarding to try new things. B．The old methods still work today.
C．I pays to put theory into practice. D．The simplest way is the best way.
21. C【2020·浙江卷】
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might
help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
原创精品资源学科网5独3 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job,
for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any
high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ”
she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental
influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.304
29．How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A．By using an expert’s words. B．By making a comparison.
C．By referring to another study. D．By introducing a concept.
22. B【2020·全国新高考 II 山东卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a
nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and
became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from
the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,
working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After
graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her
career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau
Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year
degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received
great support from her family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and
her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
原创精品资源学科网5独4 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）
to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my
heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her
children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation
graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? （ ）
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
23. B【2020·全国新课标 I】
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’
s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s
A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight:
Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It’s a window to a whole new world.
原创精品资源学科网5独5 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！C．It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
25．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
27．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
B．He’s an editor.
C．He’s very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
24. C【2020·全国新课标 II】
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
原创精品资源学科网5独6 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they
can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New
York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for
her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is
eco-friendly.318
31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
25. B【2020·全国新课标 III】
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
"Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part
Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.241
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally
原创精品资源学科网5独7 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！D. They would lose popularity.
26.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:
The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and
Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket
of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at
the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
27.C【2019·全国 I】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)
technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still
expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
原创精品资源学科网5独8 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times
using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on
how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
28.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:
The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and
Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket
of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at
the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
原创精品资源学科网5独9 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
29.A【2021·英语全国甲卷】
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of
today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards
are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable
annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
Mike It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I
Shepherd(2011) climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few
Skiddaw in feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it
Winter and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I
Cumbria, used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into
England Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
原创精品资源学科网6独0 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！Timothy
I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.
Smith(2014)
Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came
Macclesfield
across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against
Forest
the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take
Cheshire,
the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
England
3．Where can the text be found?
A．In a history book. B．In a novel. C．In an art magazine. D．In a biography.
30.【2022 年 1 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）】
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has
long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world.
Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a
century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New
York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon
became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
原创精品资源学科网6独1 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！4．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A．It is closely linked to the steam age.
B．It began earlier than proper thought.
C．It is a little-studied period of history.
D．It will come to an end sooner or later.
5．What can be inferred about Ned?
A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories,
C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6．What is the text?
A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report.
原创精品资源学科网6独2 /家 62享有版权，侵权必究！
