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第 01 讲 名词
(模拟精练+真题演练)
一、用单词的适当形式填空
1.(2023年江苏省苏北七市高三二模英语试题)This type of drum dance is commonly seen performed during
the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive activities, thus expressing ____41____ (people)
hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come.
【答案】 people’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:这种类型的鼓舞通常在农历年的最后一个月和第一个月在许多地方节日
活动中表演,从而表达人们对和平和繁荣的一年的期盼。根据句意,提示词与名词hope之间是所属关系,
表示“人们的期盼”,应用名词所有格people’s作定语。故填people’s。
2.(2023年湖南省岳阳市高三二模英语试题)Getting into the spirit of Lunar New Year, the woman said her
hope for the Year of the Rabbit is “health, happiness, prosperity and peace for everyone, and ___44___(equal) for
everybody and every culture.
【答案】equality
【解析】考查名词。句意:在谈到农历新年的精神时,这位妇女说她对兔年的希望是“每个人都健康、幸
福、繁荣与和平,每个人和每种文化都平等。这是在这个世界上、在美国和在其他地方,每个人都应该拥
有的”。根据句意和连词and可知,提示词与名词“health, happiness, prosperity and peace”是并列关系,也
应用名词形式equality,且抽象名词不可数。故填equality。
3.(2023年湖南省九校联盟联考试题) In __44__(add), Hangzhou will also increase forest coverage along the
river in partnership with Huangshan, which perfectly matches President Xi Jinping’s concept of “Lucid waters and
lush mountains are invaluable assets”
【答案】addition
【解析】考查名词。句意:此外,杭州还将与黄山合作,增加沿江森林覆盖率,完美符合了习近平主席的
“绿水青山就是金山银山”的概念,以突出生态保护与经济发展的和谐关系。由介词“In”可知,此处应为
名词;固定短语in addition意为:此外,符合句意。故填addition。
4.(2023年湖北省十一校第二次联考英语试题)The short dance, which lasted less than two minutes, was seen
as a ____38____(combine) of contemporary art and traditional Chinese culture.
【答案】combination
【解析】考查名词。句意:这段不到两分钟的短舞被视为当代艺术和中国传统文化的结合。冠词a后应填
所给词的名词单数形式combination,作介词as的宾语。故填combination。
5.(2023年福建省漳州市第二次教学质检试题)These ____39____ (condition) provide a favorable
environment for the blue sandalwood (檀香) tree and rice growing, offering the materials needed to make the best
Xuan paper.【答案】conditions
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:这些条件为蓝檀木和水稻的生长提供了良好的环境,提供了制作最好的宣
纸所需的材料。condition为可数名词,根据these可知,其复数形式。故填conditions。
6.(2023年福建省厦门市高三质量检测试题)China Post has its unique advantages in developing coffee
shops: public data shows that by the end of 2020, there were 54, 00Q postal offices and 43, 000
_____45_____(deliver) service outlets (网点) in China.
【答案】delivery
【解析】考查名词。句意:中国邮政在发展咖啡店方面有其独特的优势:公开数据显示,截至2020年底,
中国共有5400家邮局和4.3万个快递服务网点。delivery service快递服务。故填delivery。
7.(2023年江苏考前押题密卷)One of the best ___58___(option) available for them is home care Rockville,
which offers numerous benefits that are hard to match with other forms of care.
【答案】options
【解析】考查名词的数。设空前有one of,表示.....之一,其后应当加名词的复数,故填options。
8.(2023年黑龙江省牡丹江一高高三试题)“My ____40____ (inspire) for the project was the great beauty I
discovered in China’ s culture, landscapes, and more.
【答案】inspiration
【解析】考查名词。句意:我对这个项目的灵感来自于我在中国的文化、山水,更重要的是,在中国人的
心中所发现的伟大之美。分析句子可知,my为形容词性物主代词,后应加名词做主语。故填inspiration。
9.(2023年山西部分重点中学高三试题 )Wu believes the Grand Canal is often compared with the West Lake,
one of the most famous scenic____41____ (attraction)in Hangzhou.
【答案】attractions
【解析】考查名词的数。句意:吴先生认为,人们经常将大运河与杭州最著名的景点之一西湖相提并论。
attraction此处意为“游览胜地”,为可数名词,又因为空前有 one of the most famous 修饰,所以此处用所
给名词的复数形式。故填attractions。
10.(2023年云南省云南师大附中高三试题)Spyce offers various ___63___ (choose) of food in Latin,
Mediterranean and Asian styles.
【答案】choices
【解析】考查名词。句意:Spyce提供各种拉丁、地中海和亚洲风格的食物选择。分析句子可知,“offers”
为动词,后接名词作宾语,“choose”意为“选择”,动词词性,对应的名词为“choice”,意为“选择”,
为可数名词,“various”后接可数名词复数形式,“choice”的复数形式为“choices”。故填choices。
二、单项选择
1.1.The tech giant, Huawei won respect all over the world.
A.n. 巨人,伟人 B.adj. 巨大的,特大的
C.n. 大公司,强大组织 D.adj. 伟大的
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:科技巨头华为赢得了全世界的尊重。分析句子可知,划线单词为句子主语部分是名词,表示“大公司”。故选C项。
2.Inside the houses provided by the government, the homeless got ______ from cold nights on the streets, so they
were grateful.
A.privilege B.virtue C.appeal D.relief
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在政府提供的房屋内,这些街头无家可归者在寒冷的夜晚得到了救
济,所以他们很感激。A. privilege荣幸;B. virtue美德;C. appeal吸引力;D. relief救济。由上文“Inside
the houses provided by the government”可知,无家可归者得到了救济,故选D。
3.Students are encouraged to speak and improve their English with the ________ of teachers who will always use
English with them and give them help.
A.absence B.strength C.defence D.Presence
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们鼓励学生在老师在场的时候说英语,提高英语水平,老师会经常
和他们一起使用英语并给予他们帮助。A. absence缺席;B. strength体力;C. defence防御;D. presence在
场,出席。根据句意,表示“在场”用介词短语with the presence of (sb.),意为“(有某人)在场”。故选D
项。
4.It’s reported that many wars broke out in the Middle East. What’s your of the situation there?
A.assessment B.adjustment C.appointment D.Assistance
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:据报道在中东爆发了很多的战争。你对那里的形势有什么评价?A.
assessment评估,评价;B. adjustment调整;C. appointment 约会,约定;D. assistance援助;帮助。根据
“It’s reported that many wars broke out in the Middle East.”可知,这里是问对方对中东形势的评估。故选
A。
5.She was one of the few gentlewomen I have ever known, and has remained throughout my life the ________ of
what a human being can be.
A.necessity B.combination C.measure D.Mixture
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:她是我认识的为数不多的绅士女性之一,在我的一生中,她一直是衡
量一个人的标准。A. necessity必要;B. combination结合;C. measure标准,尺度;D. mixture混合物。分
析句意可知,本句所提女士对说话人而言很重要,应该是其衡量人的标准。故选C项。
6.The presidents of the two developing countries are holding another round of negotiations in a friendly
________.
A.climate B.situation C.phenomenon D.Atmosphere
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这两个发展中国家的总统正在友好的气氛中举行另一轮谈判。A.
climate气候;B. situation状况;C. phenomenon现象;D. atmosphere气氛。分析句意可知,此处使用
atmosphere作介词宾语符合语境,表示“谈判时的氛围”。故选D项。7.The girl got into a _____ when she heard the frightening news.
A.anxiety B.worry C.disorder D.Panic
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当那个女孩听到这个可怕的消息时,她陷入了恐慌。A. anxiety焦虑;
B. worry担心;C. disorder混乱;D. panic恐慌,惊恐。根据she heard the frightening news,句中get into a
panic为固定短语,意为“惊慌失措(表动作)”符合句意。故选D。
8.The tomato juice left brown ______ on the front of my jacket.
A.spot B.point C.track D.Trace
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:番茄汁在我夹克的前面留下了棕色的斑点。A. spot斑点,污点;B.
point要点;C. track踪迹;D. trace痕迹。分析句子,此处表示“果汁留下的污点”,用spot。故选A。
9.When he applied for a _____ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manger.
A.location B.profession C.career D.Position
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当他申请当地报社的一个职位时,他被告知去见经理。A. location方
位;B. profession职业;C. career职位;D. position职位。根据he was told to see the manger.可知,此处表示
“工作职位”用position。故选D。
10.Any ________ is required to fill in the form first.
A.participate B.participates C.participant D.Participation
【答案】C
【详解】考查词性和词义辨析。句意:任何参与者都必须先填写表格。分析各选项可知,A项和B项是动
词“参与”;C项是名词“参与者”;D项是名词“参与”;再分析句意可知,此处用名词participant表
示“参与者”符合语境。故选C项。
三、根据汉语意思填写单词
1.(2023·江苏南通·高三统考期末)Notably, global legal systems fall into categories that share ________
(similar), and two main categories are civil law and common law.
【答案】similarities
【详解】考查名词。句意:值得注意的是,全球法律体系可以分成具有相似之处的类别,其中两个主要类
别是民法和普通法。设空处在句中作动词share的宾语,名词similarity意为“相似点,相似之处”符合句
意,由句意以及下文的“and two main categories are civil law and common law”可知设空处表复数概念,故
填similarities。
2.(2023·全国·高三专题练习)I wonder if parents should always tell the _________ (true) no matter the
consequences.
【答案】truth
【详解】考查名词。句意:我想知道父母是否应该永远说实话,不管后果如何。此处应用名词作宾语,tell
the truth固定搭配,意为“说实话”,故填truth。3.(2023·全国·高三专题练习)Although popular _______ (believe) regarding emotional intelligence run far
ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than
harmful.
【答案】beliefs
【详解】考查可数名词单复数。句意:尽管人们对情商的普遍看法远远超出了研究的合理支持,但这种宣
传的总体效果还是利大于弊。根据句意和所给动词believe分析句子可知,空格处应该填入believe的名词
形式作让步状语从句的主语;再由从句的谓语动词run可知,从句的主语应该用复数形式beliefs。故填
beliefs。
4.(2023·江苏苏州·高三统考开学考试)Let's make a list of possible speakers, in order of_____(偏好).
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意:让我们按偏好的顺序列出可能发言的人。根据前面的of可知横线上填名词作宾
语,又根据中文提示“偏好”。故填preference。
5.(2022·全国·高三专题练习)I held your _________(行李) together with mine.
【答案】luggage/baggage
【详解】考查名词。句意:我把你的行李和我的行李放在一起。分析句子,设空处使用名词作宾语。表示
“行李”用luggage或者baggage。故填luggage;baggage。
6.(2023·全国·高三专题练习)They bought a lot of_______________(设备) for the small factory.
【答案】equipment
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们给这个小工厂买了很多设备。由所给汉语提示可知,应用equipment表示
“设备”,是不可数名词,作宾语。故填equipment。
7.(2023·全国·高三专题练习)This is a common_______________(现象) in modern society.
【答案】phenomenon
【详解】考查名词。句意:现在社会存在着一种社会现象。根据所给汉语提示可知,此处应用名词
“phenomenon”作表语,且空前有冠词a,故此处应用名词单数,故填phenomenon。
8.(2023·高三课时练习)The activities organized by our school really gave us a ________ (舞台) where we can
learn team spirit.
【答案】platform
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们学校组织的活动给我们提供了一个舞台,我们可以学习团队精神。根据冠
词“a”和汉语提示“舞台”可知,此处需要单数名词,platform作名词,表示“舞台”,符合句意。故填
platform。
9.(2023·全国·高三专题练习)It is a three-storied building with very modern equipment and excellent
________(环境).
【答案】surroundings
【详解】考查名词。句意:这是一座三层楼的建筑,设备非常现代化,环境也很好。根据句子结构和汉语
提示可知,名词surrounding符合题意,作宾语,该词常用复数形式。故填surroundings。
10.(2023·全国·高三专题练习)When he had finished, the ________ (赞助者,主办者) of the contest highly
praised his performance.【答案】sponsor
【详解】考查名词。句意:当他完成时,比赛主办方高度赞扬了他的表现。根据汉语提示“赞助者,主办
者”可知,空格处涉及单词“sponsor”,意为“赞助者,主办者”,为可数名词,根据空格前定冠词“the”
可知,句中特指比赛主办方,应用“sponsor”的单数形式,作主语。故填sponsor。
1.(2022·新高考II卷) He saved my ___44___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know how to thank him.”
【答案】son’s
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,
故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
2.(2022·全国乙卷) As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-
producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy
development of the tea industry.
【答案】responsibility
【解析】考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与
其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
3.(2021·新高考I卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
____57____ (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺
小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
4.(2022·浙江卷6月) For Luc, this means ____44____ (independent).
【答案】independence
【解析】考查名词。句意:对卢克来说,这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填
independence。
5. (2022·浙江1月) When the answer, was no, she, declined the ____44____ (invite).
【答案】invitation
【解析】考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾
语,故填invitation。
6.(2021·山东·高考真题)Mr. Green is a good ________. He is kind to his workers.
A.employ B.employee C.employer D.employment
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:格林先生是个好雇主。他对工人很好。A. employ雇用,既可以用作动
词也可以用作名词;B. employee雇员,职工; C. employer老板; D. employment雇用,职业。根据空后
“He is kind to his workers.”可知,空处需用名词employer,表示格林先生是好雇主,对工人好。故选C。
7.(2021·山东·高考真题)It's time for all countries to work together to reduce air ________.A.recognition B.reservation C.position D.pollution
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:现在是所有国家共同努力减少空气污染的时候了。A. recognition认
识,识别;B. reservation预定,预约;C. position位置;D. pollution污染。根据空前句意可知,空处需用名
词pollution,表示所有国家共同努力减少空气污染。故选D。
8.(2021·天津·高考真题)In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.
A.system B.method C.investment D.environment
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词。句意:在实验室里,保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system
体系,系统;B. method方法;C. investment投资;D. environment环境。根据常识可知,保持物品清洁有
序可以创造更安全的实验环境(environment)。故选D项。
9.(2021·浙江卷6月)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed
their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【解析】考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些
土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词
形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;提示词marry意为“婚姻”,其名词形式为
marriage,marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
10.(2020年新高考I卷)Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词historical之
后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
11.(2020·江苏·高考真题)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A.reservation B.transformation C.distinction D.submission
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订;B.
transformation改革,变革;C. distinction区别;D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可
知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
12.(2020·天津·高考真题)His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his
_____________as one of America's greatest writers.
A.trust B.contact C.reputation D.theory
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来,这树立了他作为美国伟大作
家之一的声誉。A. trust信任;B. contact联系;C. reputation声誉;D. theory理论。根据句意,尤其是
greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境,故选C项。