文档内容
专题 03 阅读理解之推理判断题
目 录
推理判断题 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
一 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 引 申 推
断-------------------------------------------------------------------------2
二 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 观 点 态
度----------------------------------------------------------------------6
三 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 目 的 和 意
图-------------------------------------------------------------------7
四 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 描 述 人 或 事 件 的 特
征-------------------------------------------------------11
五 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 ------ 写 作 手
法---------------------------------------------------------------------15
六 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 文 章 出
处---------------------------------------------------------------------15
七 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 预 测 文 章 走
势---------------------------------------------------------------18
八 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 文 章 结
构-----------------------------------------------------------------------20
九 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判 断 --- 读 者 对
象---------------------------------------------------------------------22
十 、 （ 高 考 真 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 推 理 判
断----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2303 阅读理解之推理判断题
最新模拟演练
一、阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断
1.（2024·吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模）
Indeed, the transformation of the concept of the animal in modern behavioural biology has been fundamental.
This has been confirmed by the death of a third belief: for decades, it was taught that animals behave for the good
of their species. Today we know this is not the case. Rather, animals do everything to ensure that copies of their
own genes are passed to the next generation with maximum efficiency and, when necessary, they will also kill
conspecifics. Clearly, they are not, as Jane Goodall had once famously hoped, ‘like us, but better’.
29．It can be inferred that animals’ behavioural actions are mainly driven by __________.
A．their desire to protect their species.
B．their ability to recognize themselves in mirrors.
C．their urge to guarantee the gene transmission.
D．their eagerness to be socially interacted.
2.（2024·吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模）
Behind the Mask
Wearing the face of Patih Manis, a character in Bali’s dance dramas, means more than simply putting on a
tapel, or mask.
“When you dance with a tapel and perform its character, you undergo a transformation,”says I Made Bandem, a
scholar and teacher of Balinese arts – and a dancer for seven decades. “You must’marry’that mask and make ritual
(仪式) offerings to create unity between yourself and the tapel. Many dancers will sleep with the mask beside them,so that they can learn its true character.”
32．What can we learn about tapel from the first two paragraphs?
A．Tapel refers to a character’s name.
B．Tapel is supposed to be with the dancers all along.
C．Tapel builds a bridge between the dancer and the true character.
D．Tapel experiences dramatic changes when worn by a dancer.
3.（2024·江西省景德镇市高三上学期第一次质量检测）
The PAL-V Liberty is a revolutionary vehicle that can travel on both land and air. It is the world’s first
commercial flying car, and it is now available for pre-order. The PAL-V Liberty is developed by a Dutch company
called PAL-V International B．V., which stands for Personal Air and Land Vehicle. The company has been working
on the project since 2001, and has successfully tested the prototype in 2012.
The PAL-V Liberty is a two-seater hybrid car and gyroplane, which means it has a three-wheeled chassis and a
foldable rotor on top. It can switch between driving mode and flying mode in about 10 minutes, with the help of a
semi-automatic system. It has a top speed of 160 km/h on the road and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up to 500
km on a single tank of fuel. It uses regular gasoline, and can be refueled at any gas station.
The PAL-V Liberty is expected to be delivered to customers in 2023, alter obtaining the necessary
certifications from aviation authorities. The company claims that the vehicle meets the existing regulations of both
cars and aircrafts, and that it is safe and easy to operate. However, the PAL-V Liberty is not a cheap vehicle, nor is
it accessible to everyone. It costs599,000 euros (about 4.7 million yuan) for the Pioneer Edition, which includes
flight training courses, power heating and personalization options. There is also a cheaper Sport Edition, which
costs 299,000 euros (about 2.3 million yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er to pay an additional
10,000 euros(about 78,000 yuan) for flight training.
To drive the PAL-V Liberty, one needs both a driving license and a pilot license. The vehicle also requires a
runway or airstrip to take off and land, as it cannot do so vertically like a helicopter. The company says it has
received 70 orders for the vehicle so far, mostly from customers in Europe and North America. The PAL-V Liberty
is a groundbreaking innovation that could change the future of transportation, but it also faces many challenges and
limitations.
9．What can we infer about from the passage?
A．The PAL-V Liberty has been used in our daily life.
B．If you have a pilot license, you can drive the PAL-V Liberty.C．It can switch between driving and flying mode in a short time
D．The Sport Edition is more attractive features than the Pioneer Edition.
4. （2024·河北省沧州市三县联考高三上学期11月月考）
A sandstone slab (石板) and other stone tools unearthed in Vietnam give insight into how curry (咖喱) was
made and reveal that curry was eaten in the region at least 2,000 years ago.
The sandstone slab, buried 2 meters below the surface, was dug up in 2018 at Oc Eo in southern Vietnam. The
site was once an overseas trading center of an ancient Southeast Asian kingdom known as Funan, according to a
new study.
“Preparing curry involves not only a diverse range of seasoning but also the use of grinding (研磨) tools,
considerable time, and human effort,” said study author Dr. Hsiao chun Hung. “Remarkably, even individuals
residing outside of India nearly 2,000 years ago expressed a strong desire to enjoy the flavors of curry, as evidenced
by their careful preparations.”
Hung and a team of researchers analyzed microscopic remains known as starch grains—tiny structures found
within plant cells that can be preserved over long periods—that they found on the grinding tools.
“Nowadays, preparing curry in Vietnam has become much simpler for most families due to the widespread
availability of bagged curry in supermarkets. However, it is interesting to note that the curry recipe used today has
not varied significantly from the ancient times,” said study co-author Dr. Khanh Trung Kien Nguyen. Nguyen
added that the team planned to recreate the 2,000-year-old curry based on the microscopic remains found at the site.
People were likely enjoying curry in India about 4,000 years ago. Some of the components recovered at Oc Eo
are similar to those found in Indian curries, while other components are more distinctively Southeast Asian. The
new study concluded that curry recipes arrived in Southeast Asia with South Asian traders as contact between the
regions increased during the early centuries of the first millennium.
1．What did Dr. Hsiao-chun Hung think of preparing curry in the past?
A．It was a complex process. B．It differed from one another.
C．It demanded little effort. D．It was environment-friendly.
2．What can we infer about the ancient curry recipes?
A．They restricted regional trade. B．They were mainly consumed in Vietnam.
C．They linked various cultures. D．They were first favored by Southeast Asians.
5.（2024·河南省新乡市高中毕业班阶段性测试（三））
“It’s like she never left us,” Britnee recalled. “She came right into our arms.” The Smiths said they were unsurewhat happened to Jill in the three years away, although she’d been found just a few blocks away from their old
house. “We wish she could talk,” Rex said. “We have so many questions to ask her.” Jill was overall healthy but
had suffered some scratches. Her paws were raw, likely from the 100-degree Fahrenheit heat in Arkansas.
7．What conclusion can be drawn about Jill from the text?
A．She was adopted several times.
B．She was with Jack in the past few years.
C．She was discovered near Britnee’s new home.
D．She was indeed greatly valued by her owners.
6. （2024·河南省新乡市高中毕业班阶段性测试（三））
Hadany wonders whether other plants and insects already tune into plant pops. Other studies have suggested
that plants respond to sounds. And animals from pests (害虫), moths to mice can hear in the range of the ultrasonic
clicks. Sounds made by plants could be heard from around five meters away. Hadany’s team is now studying what
the living things near the plants will do after hearing the sounds.
15．What still remains unknown to Hadany’s team?
A．Whether the sounds of plants can travel far.
B．Whether animals can hear the sounds of plants.
C．How the neighbors of plants respond to their sounds.
D．How plants and animals communicate with each other.
7. （2024•四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
The good news is that something as simple as a 10-minute break, if used correctly, can help reduce the effects of
digital intensity. “If you give yourself a break, and do something like mediation, reading, drawing — anything that
turns your brain to something more relaxing,” says Dr Michael Bohan, the director of Microsoft’s Human Factors
Engineering Lab, “the brain will begin to produce alpha waves.” After the break, “you’ll be more engaged and
focused, he adds. “Taking breaks lets you refresh, and maintain better brain health across the day.”
What can we infer about the function of alpha waves mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．It makes us sleep better. B．It helps improve concentration.
C．It causes tension and anxiety. D．It helps find new communication ways.
8. （2024•四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we
humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their abilityto do so. The climate change we are quickening could one day leave us with forests that send out more carbon than
they absorb.
What does the author imply in Paragraph 1?
A．Forests may become a potential threat.
B．Extreme weather conditions may arise.
C．People may misunderstand global warming.
D．Global climate change may get out of control.
二、阅读理解之推理判断---观点态度
1.（2024•黑龙江省佳木斯市四校联考高三上学期11月期中）
Ein-Eli said disposable masks, in high demand globally during the health crisis, were not economically or
environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly, and this is our solution,” he said.
15．What’s the attitude of Ein-Eli to the new type of face mask?
A．supportive B．negative C．doubtful D．indifferent
2. （2024•四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
When I first heard about Summit Learning, I admitted I was not a bit happy and excited at all. I thought it
would require interactions with others. But later, I was astonished when I got to experience it firsthand.
Recently, we did a poetry project, and one of the activities was a peer (同伴) review. I would never have taken
part if it was up to me, as I preferred to work independently. But when I got involved, I found in the experience, I
had done something that I thought was nearly impossible — it made my poetry better. My partner informed me of
my mistakes and told me where I could give more detail.
One of our final products of the project was to present our poetry to the class. I’ve always loved public
speaking but I thought with Summit Learning, I would have fewer chances to speak. I was wrong. The peer
activities we did with a partner gave me more belief in my ability and inspired me to do more to make my
presentation the best it could possibly be.
Interactions like these are what Summit Learning is all about. This style of learning brings a positive and hard-
working culture that allows us to push our boundaries and keep going It creates a sense of community since we are
all working towards a similar goal.
As an active boy, I have always been ahead and advanced, but in a normal classroom, there are restrictions on
what I can do. With Summit Learning, I can go beyond expectations in projects or move ahead in learning new
content when I’m ready. I have ownership of my work and pursue my goals.Summit Learning has showed me how much people can grow and change. It has helped me see people and
myself differently. It has been one of the greatest experiences of my life, and I cannot see myself going back to a
normal classroom.
1．What was the author’s initial response to Summit Learning?
A．He was astonished to hear about it. B．He was a bit excited about it.
C．He was unwilling to attend it. D．He was curious about how it worked.
2．How did the author benefit from the poetry project?
A．It reminded him to be independent. B．It improved his poem and confidence..
C．It raised him a sense of responsibility. D．It allowed him to deliver a public speech.
3．What can be inferred about Summit Learning?
A．It has restrictions on what one can do.
B．It shows boundaries of one’s abilities.
C．It teaches poetry in a normal classroom.
D．It transforms the traditional way of learning.
4．What does the author think of Summit Learning now?
A．Inspiring. B．Enjoyable. C．Challengıng. D．Conservative.
3. （2024•四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife and
opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing
carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
What is the author’s attitude towards California’s Forest Carbon Plan?
A．Worried. B．Uncaring. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
三、阅读理解之推理判断---目的和意图
1.（2024•河北省石家庄市部分名校高三上学期三调）
Although there is much more to learn, oceanographers have already made some amazing discoveries. For
example, we know that the ocean contains towering mountain ranges and deep valleys, just like those on land. The
peak of the world’s tallest mountain—Mount Qomolangma in the Himalaya, measuring 8848. 86 meters high-
would not even break the surface of the water if it was placed in the Pacific Ocean’s Mariana Trench or Philippine
Trench, two of the deepest parts of the ocean. On the other hand, the Atlantic Ocean is relatively shallow because
large parts of its seafloor are made up of continental shelves—parts of the continents that extend far out into the
ocean. The average depth of the entire ocean is 3.720 meters.
33．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 2?
A．Reasons why ocean floors are rough.B．Significance of the ocean floor to animals.
C．The heights of different mountain ranges.
D．Some ocean knowledge from oceanographers.
2. （2024·广东省四校联考高三上学期11月月考）
I live in Xizhou in Yunnan Province, on the historic Tea Horse Road. I have to admit that when I first heard
that Paul Salopek was going to walk the entire globe on his own two feet, I was blown away. I couldn’t imagine
that there could be such an unusual person in the world.
Last May, I met Paul. He told me that it was his first time in China. He talked to me with great excitement
about the history, migrations, and discoveries in my region of China. He spoke of the Shu-Yandu Dao (the Southern
Silk Road), the travels of the 17th-century Chinese explorer Xu Xiake, the Tea Horse Road and the early 20th-
century American botanist Joseph Rock. He also talked of Xuanzang. Paul considered many of them heroes and in a
sense Chinese pioneers of slow journalism.
I decided to accompany Paul on his walk toward Yunnan. On September 28, 2021, we set out. Our days were
simple: walk, eat, sleep, and repeat. We woke up at sunrise, set off in high spirits, and rested at sunset, dragging
ourselves into exhausted sleep.
We met many people on the road. Some were curious, surrounding us and watching us; some gave us
directions; some invited us into their home to take a rest; some spoke of the charm of their hometown. We met
many beautiful souls, simple souls and warm souls. We were walking with our minds.
Together, we were impressed by the biodiversity of the Gaoligong Mountains. As I walked on ancient paths
through mountains, I seemed to hear the antique voices of past travelers urging me to be careful on the road.
Looking back on the more than 200 miles I walked with Paul, I came to a realization. Walking for its own
sake, while healthy and admirable, is only a small part of the benefit of moving with our feet. A deeper reward is
rediscovering the world around us, shortening the distance between each other, and sharing each other’s cultures.
1．How did the writer first respond to Paul’s travel plan?
A．Puzzled. B．Scared. C．Surprised. D．Disappointed.
2．What can we learn about Paul Salopek from paragraph 2?
A．He had a knowledge of China.
B．He was a western journalist.
C．He came to China several times.
D．He was Joseph Rock’s acquaintance.3．What does paragraph 4 tell us about the writer and Paul?
A．They built bonds with people.
B．They satisfied the locals’ curiosity.
C．They set off in high spirits.
D．They honored the ancestors.
4．What is the main purpose of the writer’s writing the text?
A．To suggest a new way of travel.
B．To share and reflect on a journey.
C．To advocate protection of biodiversity.
D．To introduce and promote Chinese culture.
3. （河南省新乡市2023-2024学年高中毕业班阶段性测试（三））
Throughout history, technological progress has brought new wealth but hasn’t always improved people’s lives.
Economists now say it isn’t clear whether artificial intelligence (AI) will help or hurt society. Simon Johnson
teaches economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He said AI has a lot of possibilities. But he added,
“We are at a fork in the road.”
Supporters say technology will create wealth and improve living standards. Some go as far as saying AI will
increase people’s free time and help them be more creative. But others are worried technology will lead to job
losses. They point to Hollywood writers and actors who are worried that they’ll be replaced by technology.
The Internet arrived with a similar promise of more productivity, wealth and jobs. The French bank Natixis
noted in its research that most of the wealth has gone to a few billionaires. And many of the jobs don’t require
highly paid, skilled workers. The bank warned in its report, “We should be cautious when estimating the effects of
artificial intelligence on labor productivity.”
Research of 5,300 workers about AI shows that some workers hope technology will increase pay and job
satisfaction. But they’re also concerned that technology could push people to work too hard. History has also
shown the economic effect of technological progress is generally uncertain, unequal and even harmful.
Johnson noted that it’s easier to create something new than to make sure it works for everyone. His book,
Power and Progress, shows how the arrival of rail travel improved the lives of many people in England in the
1800s. People were able to travel longer distances and eat fresh food because it could move faster from farms to
cities. On the other hand, Johnson said self-checkout technology at food stores doesn’t lower the costs or make life
easier for people. All it does is reduce the number of workers and help businesses lower labor costs.As for AI technology, Johnson wonders if it’ll make existing inequalities worse, or help us get back to
something fairer.
1．Why does the author mention Hollywood writers and actors in paragraph 2?
A．To show the widespread use of AI.
B．To indicate people’s anxiety about AI.
C．To stress people’s high expectation of AI.
D．To reveal the wealth-creating function of AI.
2．Which word can best describe people’s concerns about AI in paragraph 4?
A．Well-founded. B．Unreasonable.
C．Ill-judged. D．Unnecessary.
4. （2024·河南省新乡市高中毕业班阶段性测试（三））
Hadany and her colleagues first heard the clicks when they set microphones next to plants on tables in a lab.
The microphones caught some noises. But the researchers needed to make sure that the clicking was coming from
the plants. So, the scientists placed plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement, far from the noise of the lab.
There, microphones picked up ultrasonic pops from thirsty tomato plants. Though it was outside humans’ hearing
range, the clicking made by plants was about as loud as a normal conversation.
13．Why did the scientists put plants inside soundproof boxes in the basement?
A．To enjoy the sounds made by the plants.
B．To have a better conversation with the plants.
C．To find out whether the plants did make sounds.
D．To keep the plant sounds within their hearing range.
5. （2024·江西省萍乡市高三上学期一模）
Late nights, early starts, nightmares, anxiety, children ... there are so many things that can cut into our shut-
eye. When does that threaten our health — and what can we do about it?
To start with the basics: if you are getting anywhere from seven to nine hours a night, you’re probably fine.
But you should certainly get concerned with consistently sleeping less than seven hours a night, and really
concerned if it dropped to six or below. “If you are waking up a lot in the night, this will impact the quantity and
quality of your sleep, which can lead to harm in your immune system, impairment in gut (肠道) health and many
other side-effects,” says Christopher Barker, a personal trainer and sleep management adviser. “It may be an
indicator of a sleep disorder or another underlying health condition — if you’re concerned about any of theseissues, it’s worth talking to your doctor.”
So what is your best bet for catching some quality Zs? Well, start during the day. Try to expose yourself to
sunlight during the day to keep your circadian rhythms on track. Physical activity can also help: sleep and exercise
have a bidirectional relationship. In a 2022 poll, participants who undertook vigorous physical activity tended to
fall asleep faster, woke up less during the night and woke up feeling refreshed, compared with non-exercisers.
Why does the author mention “so many things” in the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the topic. B．To make comparisons.
C．To support his/her argument. D．To seek opinions.
四、阅读理解之推理判断---描述人或事件的特征
1.（2024·吉林省吉林市高三上学期一模）
Phebe Cox grew up in what might seem an unlikely mental health danger zone for a kid: tony Palo Alto,
California. But behind its surface of family success and wealth, she said, is an environment of heavy pressure on
students to perform. By 2016, when Cox was in middle school, Palo Alto had a teen suicide (自杀) rate four times
the national average.
Cox’s family lived by the railroad tracks where many of the suicides occurred. She got counseling (咨询). But
that choice is not always easily available to teens in crisis – and she and her peers regarded school mental health
services as their last choice because of concerns about privacy.
A new program provides an alternative. Called Allcove, it offers unattached health and wellness sites to those
ages 12 to 25. Although Allcove is built to support a wide range of physical, emotional and social needs, its main
goal is to deal with mental health challenges before they develop into deeper problems. Cox said,“I felt pretty
helpless as a young teenager, but Allcove is all about the students and the students’ needs.”
About half of all lifetime mental illness begins by age 14 and 75% before age 25, according to researchers. Yet
access to mental health care in the U.S. is lacking. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, some 30
million adults and children with mental health conditions go without treatment, and 129 million people live in areas
with shortages of mental health professionals.
Allcove provides fully staffed safe spaces for teens and young adults to discuss and deal with their health, both
mental and physical. Dr. Steven Adelsheim, a psychiatrist, who created the Allcove in 2014, said, “There is a crying
need in the U.S. to reach kids with early intervention and help.” Sometimes a kid may come in with a physical
complaint, and only after a few visits is the mental suffering brought out into the open. When that happens, Alcove
can make a “warm handoff” to a mental health specialist onsite. Success, say Adelsheim and Cox, would mean theestablishment of hundreds of Allcove centers up and down the state and, eventually, around the country.
27．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A．Predictable. B．Short-lived. C．Unidentifiable. D．Significant.
2.（2024·广东省四校联考高三上学期11月月考）
As athletes get stronger and faster, the pace of play continues to increase. The burden of making sure games
are played according to the rules and that the officiating (裁判) is accurate is now being taken out of human hands
and falling more and more into the lap of technology. It’s called the video replay.
The National Football League is expanding its replay system this upcoming season to include pass interference
(传球干扰). Major League Baseball now relies on it for safe-or-out and home run calls. If you’ve been watching
the FIFA World Cup, you may have noticed that the Video Assistant Referee (VAR) played a key role in almost
every game. And in the Kentucky Derby, a horse was disqualified for knocking another horse. No one knew why
until a video replay confirmed the call and controversy was avoided.
However, many purists—those who want people to follow rules carefully and do things in the traditional way
—especially in soccer, argue it’s not the way the game was invented, and that the video replay is tainting the sport.
But don’t you want to see the proper application of the rules throughout the games? I know I do. Yes, it can slow
the game down, but I feel it is worth it. If technological advancements allow fans watching from home to spot
mistakes instantly, those same views need to be available to the officiating crews. Another example occurred in the
most recent National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game between the Los Angeles Rams and the
New Orleans Saints. When obvious pass interference was committed by the Los Angeles Rams player Nickell
Robey-Coleman, with just 109 seconds to play, no flag was raised on the field. It weakened the New Orleans Saints
spirits. The Los Angeles Rams won a 26-23 overtime victory. The no-call deeply angered the public. The video
replay showed the referees had just missed one of the most apparent pass interference calls.
There are no easy answers regarding replay technology and whether it is a curse (魔咒). But for me, keeping
the officiating honest and on task is the right step in limiting controversy.
1．What trend in sports can be observed in paragraph 2?
A．The video replay has been widely used.
B．League games have become competitive.
C．Rules of professional games are becoming stricter.
D．People are showing more interest in sports than before.
2．What might the New Orleans Saints think of the referees in the NFC Championship Game?A．They relied a lot on the video replay.
B．They cared too much about details.
C．They were definitely stressed out.
D．They were terribly disqualified.
3. （2024·河北省沧州市三县联考高三上学期11月月考）
Though Marley has loved soccer for as long as she can remember, her involvement in the game didn’t extend
beyond kickabouts with her father and brothers. But that all changed in 2014 when one day her son came home
from school and handed her a flier (传单), saying that his soccer coach had asked him to deliver it to her. “I’m
reading it... like ‘Wait, Jamaica has a women’s football team? Where did this come from?’” she said.
Six years earlier, in 2008, underfunding had led to the Jamaican Football Federation (JFF) disbanding the
women’s national team program. The flier Marley’s son brought home was a fundraising request from the JFF to
help restart the program. Marley got to work almost immediately, calling the JFF the following morning to ask what
it needed.
“The needs were many,” Marley said, repeating the sentence as if to stress how dire the situation was. From
travel and nutrition to accommodation and training camps, every area of the national team’s setup was in need of
funding.
A skilled musician and multiple Grammy award-winning artist, Marley put her considerable musical talents to
work. “My family came together with me. We recorded a song Strike Hard to raise funds,” she said.
Her efforts—and the work of countless others who were equally as committed to the cause—paid off as the
women’s national team became the first Caribbean country to qualify for the Women’s World Cup.
Marley’s work has helped not only improve standards and conditions for players, but also shift the country’s
attitude towards the women’s national team. “These girls have been told for a long time that women in sports,
especially football in Jamaica, really weren’t that important,” Marley said. “Nobody wants to give us brand deals
because it’s the female team. It’s so good now to see how all of that has changed dramatically, not just for our
women, but around the world... and that makes me excited.”
1．How did Marley probably feel while reading the flier?
A．Astonished. B．Disappointed. C．Grateful. D．Regretful.
2．Which can best describe the impact of Marley’s efforts?
A．Short-lived. B．Negative. C．Far-reaching. D．Unidentifiable.
4. （2024·江西省萍乡市高三上学期一模）Some people get more averse to risk as the years go by. Not so Gail MacCallum, who at age 40 quit a secure
job and left the city to explore more possibilities of life.
MacCallum moved quite a bit in childhood and spent her formative years outside Canberra in a farmhouse
without electricity, where she enjoyed the freedom of the natural world. In her teens, she and her family moved into
the heart of inner-city Sydney, and she found she adored that too.
In 2015, MacCallum and her then partner had a daughter, Amelia. They wanted to make sure that despite being
a city kid, Amelia had plenty of natural encounters so they sought out places to climb trees, watch lizards and spot
turtles. But one day MacCallum realised her little girl was more at ease with busy streets than bushland. “When she
was about seven, we were visiting a friend whose place had a beautiful lawn. Amelia called out to me and said, ‘I
can’t go into the wild!’ We decided we had to let her experience a wider world and two months later we were in a
camper van heading off around Australia.”
MacCallum admits she felt worried. “I thought we’d need to know some basic things but the trip was like a
leap in the dark. ” As it happened, the van they’d bought broke down just 90 minutes into the trip. But after repairs
they set off again and travelled the country for six months, during which Amelia became an enthusiastic adventurer.
“That trip helped me understand that success doesn’t have to be assured,” MacCallum says. “I realised that you can
start something and just work it out as you go along.”
2．What can be inferred from paragraph 3?
A．Amelia was raised in a casual way.
B．Amelia was a nature enthusiast just like her parents.
C．MacCallum and her partner planned the trip separately.
D．MacCallum expected her daughter to be close to nature.
2．Which words can best describe their trip?
A．Costly but satisfying. B．Eventful but educational.
C．Boring but meaningful. D．Difficult but romantic.
五、阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法
（2024·广东省四校联考高三上学期11月月考）
Many bird species use different alarm calls. Japanese tits, which nest in tree holes, have one call that causes their
baby birds to get down to avoid being pulled out of the nest by crows, and another call for tree snakes that sends
them jumping out of the nest entirely. Siberian jays vary their calls depending on whether an enemy is seen looking
for food or actively attacking — and each call gets a different response from other nearby birds.9．How does the author develop paragraph 2?
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By providing definition. D．By making comparisons.
六、阅读理解之推理判断---文章出处
1.（2024·河北省沧州市三县联考高三上学期11月月考）
Ocean temperature extremes are now normal, a new study reports. It has analyzed ocean surface temperatures
for the past 150 years. It reveals that by 2019, 57 percent of the ocean’s surface was warming to temperatures rarely
seen 100 years ago.
Ecologists wanted to learn how often modern extreme heat events occur. They also wanted to see how long
they last. Kisei Tanaka was one of those ecologists. He now works for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) in Honolulu, Hawaii. Tanaka teamed up with Kyle Van Houtan, who works at the
Loggerhead Marinelife Center. The two analyzed monthly sea surface temperatures collected from 1870 through
2019. Then they mapped where and when extreme heat events had shown up, decade by decade.
By looking at monthly extremes instead of annual averages, the two found that over time, more and more
patches (区域) of water were reaching extreme temperatures. Then, in 2014, the entire ocean hit a point of no
return, Van Houtan says.
Heat waves harm ocean ecosystems. They can lead seabirds to starve... And animals—from fish and whales to
turtles—may have to swim long distances in search of comfortable temperatures.
In May 2020, NOAA announced that it was updating what climates it now considered “normal”. These values
are what the agency uses to put daily weather events in a historical context. The average values from 1991 to 2020
are now higher than those from 1981 to 2010, NOAA found.
Van Houtan says his new study shows extreme ocean warming is now the norm. Much discussion on climate
change, he notes, has been about future events, and whether or not they might happen. But what the emerging data
make clear, he says, is that extreme heat became common in our ocean in 2014. It’s a documented historical fact—
not a future possibility.
1．Why did the ecologists conduct the research?
A．To prove what they had forecast. B．To recognize the value of the data.
C．To update readers on newfound species. D．To find out the trend of ocean record heat.
2．What does Van Houtan want to stress at last?
A．People’s lifestyle will be greatly affected. B．It is a must to discuss the climate change.C．Scientists must focus on historical events. D．Ocean heat extremes are the new normal.
3．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Nature. B．Travel. C．Business. D．History.
2. （2024·四川省攀枝花市高三第一次统一考试）
As you can imagine, there are many types of advertisements in different mediums, on different channels, and
with different goals for their business.
Print advertising
The first print advertisement ran in England in 1472. Since then, this type of advertising has become available
in newspapers, magazines, and similar mediums of carrying a brand’s message to its ideal users. In this
advertisement method, the advertiser pays the publisher to place their advertisements in the publication.
Radio advertising
Radio advertising dates back to 1920, when the first commercial radio stations were launched in the United
States. In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the radio station to play their advertisements during
selected breaks between music or a radio show.
Television advertising
Television advertising originated in the 1940s with the promotion of practical items and political campaigns.
In this advertisement medium, the advertiser pays the local or national TV network to show their advertisements
during selected breaks in the network’s regular programming.
Internet advertising
Internet advertising took root in the middle of the 1990s. In this advertisement method, the advertiser pays the
website’s owner to place their advertisements in exposed spaces that are minor to the website’s own content.
Internet advertising includes video, search engine marketing, and more.
However, as you know, the advertising types above have developed dramatically since the irrespective origins.
Some advertisements have been memorable years after they first ran.
So how do you create an advertising strategy that works fine? Please click here to know more about the
advertisements and campaigns we learn from.
3．Where will you probably read this article?
A．In a textbook. B．In a newspaper. C．On a Website. D．In a magazine.
3. （2024·江西省萍乡市高三上学期一模）
The books written and published in the 1920s remain on the “best ever” lists. Here are 4 books that everyone
should read.The Great Gatsby
The themes in the novel reflect the sudden change in the character of America itself, and in some ways it’s
among the first major modern novels produced in this country. The novel also makes a new and powerful concept
clear at the time: The American Dream, the idea that self-made men and women could make themselves into
anything in this country.
A Farewell to Arms
The story is one of a love affair interrupted and dogged by events beyond the lovers’ control, and a central
theme is the pointless struggle of life — that we spend so much energy and time on things that finally don’t matter.
Hemingway masterfully combines a realistic description of war with some abstract literary techniques, which is one
reason why this book endures as a classic.
Ulysses
When people make lists of the most difficult novels, Ulysses is almost certainly on them. The one thing
almost everyone knows about Ulysses is that it employs “stream of consciousness”, a literary technique that seeks
to show the inner monologue of a person. James Joyce wasn’t the first writer to use this technique, but he was the
first writer to attempt it on the scale as he did.
Mrs. Dalloway
It takes place on a single day in the life of the main character, and it employs a dense and tricky stream-of-
consciousness technique, roaming (漫游) around to other characters and point of view. Mrs. Dalloway is
concerned with using these techniques to make the characters clear and definite. The use of stream of consciousness
is deliberately disorienting in the way it skips through time.
Where can the text be found?
A．In a biography. B．In a history book.
C．In a travel brochure. D．In a literature magazine.
七、阅读理解之推理判断---预测文章走势
1.（广东省茂名市五校联盟第二次联考）
"Hello!" You type into the chat box. There's a slight feeling of excitement flowing through your fingers, and
you can't wait for a reply. You think, "There's probably nothing more exciting than this."
With communication from all corners of the world possible at the ease of your fingers, we are now witness to
an advanced form of the hand shake and physical conversations: online friendships.
Alarmingly, according to Internet Safety 101, almost half of young adult users have received upsettingmessages, with 92 percent posting their own real names and identification online and 58 percent thinking it doesn't
cause concern. And though some parents may be biting their fingernails in fear right now, more than half of the
youth have admitted to making their friends online and a good majority regularly text them.
Though the statistics are daunting, we hope, we haven't scared you off! Researchers actually found that
pursuing online friendships could be beneficial. Penn State University reported that this was especially the case for
those with social anxiety, as they might form a stronger comfort bond with their peers through the screen rather
than a face-to-face meeting.
Additionally, online interaction may increase your self-confidence. In our current situation of isolation,
perhaps that perfect connection from the safety of our homes is all it takes to make things just a little more bearable.
In the end, it all depends on you. Whether or not your search for a friend bears fruit lies in your approach, and
though I'm not a great relationship master, I have some tips that will aid you in your exploration for the "BFF" of
your dreams.
1．What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A．The youth often meet online friends in reality.
B．Most Internet users like texting to their online friends.
C．Many parents like biting fingernails when worried.
D．Most young adults lack awareness of Internet safety.
2．What's the author's attitude to making friends on the Internet?
A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Negative. D．Unclear.
3．What do you think the text will talk about next?
A．How to get on well with online friends. B．How to find online best friends.
C．How to keep in touch with online friends. D．How to benefit from dream online friends.
2.（2023届安徽省皖南八校高三第三次大联考）
Modern life is full of things that can influence your ability to be sensitive and responsive to your child. These
include extra work, lack of sleep, and things like mobile devices. Some experts are concerned about the effects that
these things trigger off on emotional bonding and children’s language development, social interaction, and safety.
If parents are inconsistently available, kids can get distressed(苦恼的)and feel hurt, rejected, or ignored. They
may have more emotional outbursts and feel alone. They may even stop trying to compete for their parent’s
attention and start to lose emotional connections to their parents.
“There are times when kids really do need your attention and want your recognition. Parents need tocommunicate that their kids are valuable and important, and children need to know that parents care what they’re
doing,” explains Crnic, a psychologist. “Kids start to regulate their own emotions and behavior around age three.
Up until then, they depend more on you to help them regulate their emotions, whether to calm them or help get
them excited,” he adds.
Dr. Carol Metzler, who studies parenting at the Oregon Research Institute, explains, “They’re watching you to
see how you do it and listening to how you talk to them about it. Parents need to be good self-regulators. You’re not
only trying to regulate your own emotions in the moment, but helping your child learn to manage their emotions
and behavior. It can be tough to respond to your kids with sensitivity during tantrums(精神痛苦), arguments, or
other challenging times. If parents respond by being bad-tempered or aggressive(攻击性的)themselves, children
can copy that behavior, and a negative cycle then continues to upgrade.”
As kids become better at managing their feelings and behavior, it’s important to help them develop coping
skills, like active problem solving. Such skills can help them feel confident in handling what comes their way.
What will the writer probably talk about next?
A．The way to train kids to be confident.
B．The way to train kids’ abilities to deal with matters.
C．The way to train kids to self-regulate their emotions.
D．The way to train kids’ abilities to be sensitive and responsibe.
八、阅读理解之推理判断---文章结构
1.（2023届江西省赣州市高三下学期二模）
Sleep is reparative. Because we need to repair a lot while we sleep, it’s important to get quality sleep.
Most of us function better in the daytime with routines. We also function better at night with a routine because
we want to keep pace with our natural body rhythms. Each person’s routine may be different — some people wash
their face at night, and some take a bath — just make sure it is a routine. That’s true during the week and on the
weekend; consistency matters. Have a winding down, getting ready for sleep routine, and carry that out at the same
time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slow you down for sleep. That may be reading, listening to
music, meditating, praying — anything that’s relaxing while also being constructive or healthy.
Typically, people relax and tend to slow everything down at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths,
increasing oxygen flow, which raises their skin temperature. This is one of the key reasons why we sleep better in a
cooler environment. If your skin temperature increases and your room is already a bit warm, you will be too hot to
sleep well.The exact temperature is a personal matter. The key is that it’s more toward cool than hot. Many consider 68
degrees an environment that’s neither so cold we shiver nor so hot we sweat. But there’s no scientific evidence for
an exact, perfect sleeping temperature.
At the end of the day, sleep is absolutely crucial for so many reasons. It helps us repair and rejuvenate so we
can fight infection, concentrate, regulate our moods, show up for ourselves and the people in our lives, and
basically function as humans. We can’t make up lost sleep, contrary to what many a night owl might think. So, it’s
really high time we should do all we can to foster the best sleep possible, starting with a cool room and relaxing
bedtime routine.
1．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．A routine can be helpful in getting quality sleep.
B．It’s best to avoid screens before you go to bed.
C．Higher quality of sleep leads to better mental health.
D．Listening to music makes it difficult to stay asleep.
2．What’s the structure of the text?
A． B．
C． D．
2.（2023届山东省潍坊市安丘市高三3月过程检测）
A diet rich in fruit and vegetables and incorporating a daily glass of wine can protect the brain against
dementia, a study suggests. Sticking closely to Mediterranean eating habits, which also include plenty of nuts,
seafood, whole grains and olive oil, has been linked to a 23 per cent lower risk of dementia.
Based on data gathered on 60,000 people via the UK Biobank, a medical database set up in 2006, the
researchers scored participants’ diets for how closely they matched the ideal Mediterranean diet on two scales.
Using one, those whose eating habits were the best match were 23 per cent less likely to develop dementia
than those whose diets least fit the pattern. A diet with a perfect score would involve more than four tablespoons of
olive oil, at least two portions of vegetables and three of fruit per day as well as a glass of wine. It would alsoinclude at least three servings of legumes, 90 grams of nuts, and three servings of fish or shellfish a week. The ideal
diet would also involve very little red or processed meat, avoiding too many sweetened drinks, butter, margarine or
cream.
The second scale used similar criteria and a close match on that was linked to a 14 per cent lower risk of
dementia. The findings, published in the journal BMC Medicine, appeared to show a “protective effect regardless
of someone’s genetic risk”.
Dr Susan Mitchell, of Alzheimer’s Research UK, said, “There is a wealth of evidence that eating a healthy,
balanced diet can help reduce the risk of cognitive decline. But the evidence for specific diets is much less clear-
cut.” She pointed out that the study only drew on data from people with white, British or Irish ancestry. She said,
“While there are no surefire ways to prevent dementia yet, a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, along with plenty of
exercise and not smoking, all contribute to good heart health, which in turn helps to protect our brain from diseases
that lead to dementia.”
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
A． B．
C． D．
九、阅读理解之推理判断---读者对象
（河北省高三模拟调研卷（三））
When a child is choking, it means that an object is stuck in the trachea. When this happens, air can't flow
normally into or out of the lungs, so the child can t breathe properly.
The trachea is usually protected by epiglottis(喉头盖) . It allows food to pass down and go into our stomach
and it also prevents food from going down the trachea. But every once in a while, the epiglottis doesn't close fast
enough and an object can slip into the trachea. This is what happens when something goes down the wrong pipe.
Most of the time, the food or object only partially blocks the trachea. If coughed up, breathing returns to
normal quickly. Kids who seem to be choking and coughing but still can breathe and talk usually recover without
help. It can be uncomfortable for them, but they're generally fine after a few seconds.
Sometimes, an object can get into the trachea and completely block the airway. If airflow into and out of the
lungs is blocked and the brain will become short of oxygen, choking can become a life-threatening emergency. Achild may be choking and need help right away if he or she can’t breathe or can’t talk or make noise.
If you have kids, it’s important to get trained in both CPR（心肺夏苏）and the technique of abdominal
thrusts (腹部施压). Even if you don't have kids, knowing how to perform these first-aid procedures will let you
help if someone is choking.
All kids are at risk for choking, but those younger than 3 are especially at risk. Young kids tend to put things in
their mouths, have smaller airways that are easily blocked, and don't have a lot of experience chewing, so they
might swallow things whole.
Take the time now to become prepared CPR and first-aid courses are a must for parent, other caregivers, and
babysitters. To find one in your area, contact your local American Red Cross, YMCA, or American Heart
Association, or check with hospitals and health departments in your community.
3．Whom is the text written for?
A．American parents. B．Japanese volunteers.
C．British doctors. D．Australian visitors.
十、高考真题
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge ( 污泥). First, he
constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated
sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in
Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these
new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A.He was fond of travelling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories
“sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edgeof water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
( )34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
3.[2023·全国乙卷]
B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,
mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find
distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours
away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the
countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the
right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed
plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to
photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We
managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However,we did not mark the
route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting
lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
4.D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制
造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation
to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
5.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black
rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at
the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are knownfor being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,
but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
6.A【2022·新高考I卷】
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay
2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will
be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or
tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to
take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class orshort assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not
turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will
get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
7.C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It willreally help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
8.D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制
造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generationto have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
12. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
9.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black
rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at
the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known
for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,
but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
10.C【2021·英语全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me.
He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years
ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8．What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A．He felt disappointed. B．He gave up his hobby.
C．He liked the weather there. D．He had disagreements with his family.
11.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps thisis not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
13．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
12.B【2021·全国高考乙卷】
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to dowith the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
27．What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A．It remains a family necessity.
B．It will fall out of use some day.
C．It may increase daily expenses.
D．It is as important as the gas light.
13.D【2021·全国高考乙卷】
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by
the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working
space across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also
typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach
works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects
were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85
decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level
of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander,
without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on
creative tasks.So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop
ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found
that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee
shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
35．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He’s a news reporter.
B．He’s an office manager.
C．He’s a professional designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
14.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.291
30．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away.
C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money.15. B【2020·浙江卷】
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known
as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller
cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
26．What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A．They work better on broad roads.
B．They should be used in other cities.
C．They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D．They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27．What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A．It is rewarding to try new things. B．The old methods still work today.
C．I pays to put theory into practice. D．The simplest way is the best way.
16. C【2020·浙江卷】
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might
help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job,
for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any high-
level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ” she
says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental
influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.304
29．How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A．By using an expert’s words. B．By making a comparison.
C．By referring to another study. D．By introducing a concept.
17. B【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a
nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and
became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from
the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,
working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After
graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her
career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau
Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-yeardegree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received
great support from her family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and
her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed（牺
牲）to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights
my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her
children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation
graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? （ ）
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
18. D【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits
of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should
avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need
to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?14．Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A．To see how she would affect the participants.
B．To test if the participants could recognize her.
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D．To study why she could keep her weight down.
15．On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A．How hungry we are. B．How slim we want to be.
C．How we perceive others. D．How we feel about the food.
19. B【2020·全国新课标I】
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s
A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save
Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It’s a window to a whole new world.
C．It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.25．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
27．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
B．He’s an editor.
C．He’s very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
20. C【2020·全国新课标II】
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that
they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in
New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutriafur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it
is eco-friendly.318
31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
21. B【2020·全国新课标III】
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
"Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part
Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.241
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally
D. They would lose popularity.
22.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of NothingDaunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine
editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
23.C【2019·全国I】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测
量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are
still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times usingthe smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how
they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
24.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing
Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine
editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of
snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the
schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
25.A【2021·英语全国甲卷】
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of
today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards
are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable
annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
Mike
It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I
Shepherd(2011)
climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few
Skiddaw in feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it
Winter and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I
used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into
Cumbria,
Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
England
Timothy
Smith(2014) I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.
Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came
Macclesfield
across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against
Forest
the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take
Cheshire, the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
England
3．Where can the text be found?
A．In a history book. B．In a novel. C．In an art magazine. D．In a biography.
26.【2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）】
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has
long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world.
Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century
earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New
York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon
became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
4．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A．It is closely linked to the steam age.
B．It began earlier than proper thought.
C．It is a little-studied period of history.
D．It will come to an end sooner or later.
5．What can be inferred about Ned?
A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories,
C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6．What is the text?
A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report.
27.C【2019·全国I】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测
量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are
still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, thekeyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using
the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how
they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
28.（2018﹒新课标全国卷Ⅱ，B）
Many of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These
colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.
Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries
contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly
high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids
we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares?
However, they are rich in vitamin C.
When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling
fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter.
Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice
on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their
ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a
“soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love
feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
27. From which is the text probably taken?
A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper. D. Atravel brochure.
29.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories
“sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
( )32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
30.[2023·全国乙卷]
C
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner ofmeat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-
than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and
whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-
and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported
that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers
would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students
applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what
people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV
has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults
say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and
young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through
television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an
increasing number of male chefs on TV, its no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
( )28.What do people usually think of British food?
A.It is simple and plain.
B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes.
D.It deserves a high reputation.
( )29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV?
A.Authoritative.
B.Creative.
C.Profitable.
D.Influential.
31.（2022·新高考全国II）We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
1. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
2. Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
3. What does the author think of himself?
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
4. What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
32.2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far
beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
33.【2020·全国I】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to
fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately
twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000
or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon
among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people
with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race
walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes
some practice.306
Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
34.2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many
people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot
be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far
beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad
purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to
help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not
necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably
support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this
popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others
interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public
and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will
excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades,
advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
35.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之C篇
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to
fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-
kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race
walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at
all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg,
an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers
moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately
twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000
or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her
research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do
not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon
among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people
with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race
walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takessome practice.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30. What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach.
D. Doing regular exercises.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
36.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public
debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbolsmean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they
mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in
society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
37.【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown
rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a
lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be
installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought
to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendlinessguidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
38.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each
chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for
your particular circumstances.
( )28.What is the book aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
39.[2023·全国甲卷]
C
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that
were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a
world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people
who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my
love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosophers
work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to
wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more
than a book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he
does so with plenty of humour. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in
history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own
interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually
pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up
a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. Its worth your time, even if time is
something we don’t have a lot of.
( )29.Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4?
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiners book.
40.[2023·全国乙卷]D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many
literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts,but the objects.
( )33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2?
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
41.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into
restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
42. C【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of policemethods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
43.【2020·全国新课标III】
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and
northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the
Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts (支柱)
in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii
researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea."
In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo.
She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.299
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin.
D. Significance of food selection.
44.【四川省宜宾市2021届普2021届高三“一诊”】
On Monday, about 270 pilot whales got into difficulty on a sandbank at Macquarie Heads, near Strahan on
Tasmania’s west coast, about 190 kilometres from Hobart. Another 200 of the animals were found early on
Wednesday, making it Tasmania’s largest recorded stranding event. The Department of Primary Industry, Parks,
Water and Environment (DPIPWE) said that about a third had died.
Marine biologists arrived in the area to carry out rescue operations. They planned to use specialized equipment
such as special tarpaulins to push the whales back into the deep water. The local police also assisted in the rescue.
The whales that were stranded are Pilot Whales, and they are found in almost all the oceans of the world,
according to the Marine conservation group. Pilot whales are in fact one of the largest members of the dolphin
family, but they are treated as whales for the Marine Mammals Protection Regulations issued in 1992.They were
named pilot whales because it was thought that each pod followed a ‘pilot’ in the group.
Cetacean stranding, commonly known as beaching, is a phenomenon in which whales and dolphins strand
themselves on land, usually on a beach. Several explanations for why cetaceans strand themselves have been
proposed, including changes in water temperatures, unusual features of whales’ echo location in certain
surroundings, and geomagnetic disturbances, but none have so far been universally accepted as a definitive reason
for the behavior.
In recent years, whale strandings have become more frequent around the world. In November 2018, a dead
sperm whale that had washed ashore in eastern Indonesia consumed a horrifying collection of plastic trash,
including 115 drinking cups, 25 plastic bags, plastic bottles, two flip-flops and a bag containing more than 1,000
pieces of string. In all, the plastic contents of the whale’s stomach weighed 13.2 pound (six kilograms). The bags
are black due to a reaction with the creature’s stomach acids, according to Thai Whales organization. A person, on
average, breathes or swallows at least 74,000 microscopic particles of plastic each year.
1．How many whales died according to DPIPWE?
A．About 160. B．About 200. C．About 270. D．About 470.
2．What does the underlined word “stranding” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．Being put into danger.
B．Being trapped in trouble.C．Being found in extinction.
D．Being left or driven ashore.
3．What does the author want to tell us by the numbers in Paragraph 5?
A．Whales mistake plastics for food.
B．Whales need the ability of self-protection.
C．Whales’ living conditions are worsening.
D．Whales have an excellent digestive system.
4．What will be discussed probably following the last paragraph?
A．Protective measures for whales.
B．The reasons for whale stranding.
C．Studying whales’ stomach deeply.
D．Researching the oceans’ ecosystem.
45.【2023·广东省华附、省实、广雅、深中四校联考】
One of the most important changes cities must make to improve life in them is to separate people from their
cars. Even when you have a strong public transport system in moving people between population hubs, the last mile
- that section between the railway station and someone’s home, for example - can lead to car use if it’s considered
too far or too dangerous to walk.
The idea of a low-traffic neighbourhood (LTN) - where cars are banned from quieter ‘rat runs’ (偏僻小路) to
keep them on the major routes - has taken off in parts of the UK. LTNs attempt to filter out cars from residential
streets using bollards, camera-controlled gates or even planters full of flowers placed across the road, while
pedestrians, cyclists and emergency vehicles can still pass.
Analysis for the active transport charity Sustrans found that “driving a mile on a minor urban road is twice as
likely to kill or seriously injure a child pedestrian, and three times more likely to kill or seriously injure a child
cyclist, compared to driving a mile on an urban A-road,” and that heavy car traffic in residential areas can lead to a
rise in social isolation. LTNs reduce this danger, leading to a three-fold reduction in injuries, and have been shown
to increase the number of visitors to local businesses.
Also popular are e-scooter hire trials, which are taking place in towns and cities including Middlesbrough,
Bristol and Chelmsford. The trials see gaggles of electric scooters available to be picked up from street corners. The
scooters are hired using an app and then, once they’re finished with, parked elsewhere inside the trial area, where
they’re collected and recharged by the hiring company. A Department of Transport report on e-scooter use foundthey were “widely perceived to have environmental and convenience benefits,” but suffered from comparisons to
children’s toys.
But that’s not all. The world’s first hub for demonstrating electric air taxis and drones opened in Coventry
earlier this year. The taxis and drones based at the hub all take off and land vertically like helicopters and are being
used to travel short journeys or deliver cargo.
Weaning us off our car addiction is one of the more difficult barriers standing between us and healthier cities.
The first step that needs to be taken will be to tackle the dominance of the car.
1．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．People are considered reliant on cars to travel.
B．Public transport system still needs improvement.
C．Pollution from cars has an impact on people’s life quality.
D．Residential areas are usually far away from the railway station.
2．What do we know about the idea of an LTN?
A．It’s a way to encourage social interaction and local business.
B．It’s a series of measures to reserve the streets to walking residents.
C．It’s a system that employs high technology to keep cars on the main roads.
D．It’s a practice proved effective in keeping children safe from traffic accidents.
3．What’s the structure of the text?
P=Paragraph
A． B．C． D．
4．What’s the purpose of the text?
A．To call on readers to construct a healthier city.
B．To promote the latest developments in car alternatives.
C．To introduce possible ways to get rid of dependence on cars.
D．To inform citizens of technological advances to tackle social problems.
