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►第 20 讲 完形填空记叙文
（讲义）
【复习目标】
熟悉语篇结构，根据局内层次、句组层次和语篇层次答题。
掌握答题技巧，明确答题步骤
掌握词汇基本用法
通过真题和美文渗透文化意识、语言意识和思维品质
【考情分析】
新高考完形填空以记叙文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。新高考侧重考查在具
体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，文中没有生僻字，长句不多，少量数词生
义和一词多义的考查。
选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养
等正能量。；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去
时为主，其他时态为辅；
年份 卷别 动词（短 形容词 名词 副词 介词短语
语）
2023 新高考I卷 5 3 5 1 12023 新高考II卷 7 4 3 1
2022 新高考I卷 5 3 5 1 1
2022 新高考II卷 4 4 7
2021 新高考I卷 9 2 4 0 0
2021 新高考II卷 6 2 7
【网络构建】
完形填空记叙文概述
命题规律：
考点：以实词为主，侧重对动词（短语）、名词和形容词的考查。重点在上下文语境理解上，词汇运
用次之。每小题给出的单词多为同一类词。所设的选项更具有干扰性，更加强调对语境的考查。
核心考点：逻辑推理，把考查的重点放在理解全文、通篇考虑、掌握大意、注重关联等方面。
题型和考查角度：
1.句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。2.句组层次题：解题信息分布在设空处前后的一组句子中，瞻前顾后寻找暗示。
3.语篇层次题：解题信息分布在语篇的某一处甚至全篇，需要综合推断。
解题策略：
1. 速度全文知主旨：根据首句给出的提示，快速通读全文，借助文中的关键词，简要了解文章大
意，，理清脉络，把握中心。写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心主旨大意有助于明确做题方
向，提高针对性。
2. 先易后难加连贯：记叙文的最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因此，在阅
读时根据题型特点解答出较容易的题后，应当结合上下文，分析具体情节，认真体会文字背后的东西，才
能洞悉作者的态度和观点，推断出更难一些的态度判断题。
3. 复读全文验答案：填空全部完成后，将选项代入原文，通读一遍，看读文是否流畅、语意是否连
贯，对感到很不通顺的地方，可以从语法、词文、习惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和确
定答案。
完形填空的解题技能要求较高，考试应当具有较强的聚合思维并保持注意力高度集中。在具体的解题
中，还需掌握以下解题方法：
知识点 一 利用词义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词
等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考但是这些词可能隐藏得比较
深。上下文之间可能互相暗示答案，但有时上下文相隔较远，因此要注意寻找。
1. 原词复现
【真题典例】（2023年新高考I卷）
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have
_ 21 .finished t he course earlier than she did. Her _ 22 .delay _ came because she was carrying a __23 .competitor __
across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her __24__ when a
runner in front of her began crying in pain.
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
2. 同义复现
【真题典例】（2022年新高考II卷）
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets
that are sometimes difficult to __ 28.please ___ .
27．A．plan B．explain C．compare D．complete
3. 反义复现
【真题典例】（2021年新高考I卷）
Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. 49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was_50_ than it sounds.51. Slow
down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little more high- pressure
than I'd 52. expected.
50.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper
4. 代词复现
【真题典例】 （2023 年新高考 I 卷）“She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the
reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
知识点 二 利用情感态度解题
在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容
词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是解题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助考生快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【真题典例】（2021年浙江卷1月） My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock. This 46. meant climbing
up and down the side of a mountain inhabited(栖息)by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,
never 47.seen.
Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being. The 48 of knowing that my 49.work will be on that
mountainside for years to come is massive.
48.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention
知识点 三 利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法.
【真题典例】（2021年天津卷） In addition to 31.practica l skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage
self-
worth, and promote feelings of community. 32 ,the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
32.A.Otherwise B.However
C.Somehow D.Meanwhile
知识点 四 利用语境暗示解题
在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。
【真题典例】（2023年新高考I卷）On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have
21 . finished the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a 23.competitior
across the finish line.
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
知识点五 利用习惯搭配解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配或固定结构，此类试题相对容易，平时注意积累总结是关键。
【真题典例】(2020年全国卷Ⅱ)
His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something 50.unusual
about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
A．missed B．failed C．taken D．led
考向一 动词词义辨析
（江苏省南京师范大学苏州实验学校）When it was time for us to ride the bus, Nora, one of my friends, didn’t
____42____ I felt _43._mad_ Why would she tell me she’d come to the party and then _44.back out_ without
letting me know?
42．A．take over B．show off C．turn up D．set out
考向二 名词词义辨析
（江苏省南京师范大学苏州实验学校）So, I decided to call Nora and get some ____40____, I needed no
apologies but I demanded to know why.
40．A．answers B．comfort C．expectations D．company
考向三 形容词词义辨析
（2023年福建莆田一中模拟测试） I said to my assistant. The ____42____ colleague contacted my wife, Beth,
and she drove me straight to hospital.
42．A．curious B．reserved C．casual D．concerned
考向四 副词词义辨析
（2023年广东省4地区高三联考）Johnny ___ 4 5___ walked into the hut and sank onto the muddy brown sofa.
“Are you okay, dear?” His grandma asked.
45．A．unhappily B．unbelievably C．unexpectedly D．unconsciously
考向五 介词词义辨析
（2023年江苏省南京外国语中学高三测试）My travels have taken me ___ 4 2___ Asia, but I have found no
better place than Bangkok when it comes to street food.
42．A．through B．throughout C．into D．to1.（2023年新高考I卷）
Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____26____.
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
2. (2021年天津高考3月)In addition to 31.practical skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self－
worth, and promote feelings of community. 32 ， the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
A．Otherwise B．However
C．Somehow D．Meanwhile
3.（2016年全国卷I）Once fire and emergency people arrived,Larry and the other man 56.backed off and let
them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58. free to go. They let him and the other man
go.
57.A.woman B.police C.man D. driver
