文档内容
专题 14 完形填空夹叙夹议文,议论文和说明文特点分析+高
分策略
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 完形填空
【高考解密】
命题点01 完形填空夹叙夹议文
命题点02 完形填空议论文和说明文
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 名词词义辨析易错点
05创新好题·分层练主题 考查类型
名词 介词
试卷 年份 体裁 (短语) 形容词 副
语境 内容 (短 (短
动词 (短语) 词
语) 语)
人与
全国乙卷 2023 记叙文 完善自我 12 3 5 1 0
自我
人与
全国甲卷 2023 记叙文 人际交往 8 4 7 0 1
社会新高考Ⅰ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 6 7 2 0 0
卷 社会
新高考Ⅱ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 7 3 4 1 0
卷 社会
人与
2022 说明文 人际关系 7 7 4 2 0
社会
人与
2021 夹叙夹议 人际交往 10 7 1 2 0
全国卷Ⅰ/ 社会
全国乙卷 人与
2020 夹叙夹议 完善自我 6 8 3 2 1
自我
人与
2019 记叙文 环境保护 8 7 4 1 0
自然
人与
2022 记叙文 人际交往 8 7 1 3 1
社会
人与
2021 记叙文 完善自我 10 5 4 1 0
全国卷Ⅱ/ 自我
全国甲卷 人与
2020 记叙文 文化遗产 11 4 3 2 0
社会
人与
2019 记叙文 人际关系 9 5 3 2 1
社会
人与
2020 记叙文 社会关系 8 3 6 1 2
社会
全国卷Ⅲ
人与
2019 夹叙夹议 人与环境 9 4 5 2 0
自然
考点一 完形填空夹叙夹议文
命题点01 夹叙夹议文
典例01
【2021年全国乙卷】Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering
this while working as a ___41___ just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be ifwe had a range of words that express different ___42___ of gratitude(感谢).
My thoughts were soon ___43___. We had a woman patient who was ___44___ from a knee replacement
operation. One afternoon, while ___45___ to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was ___46___
discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, ___47___the emergency medical team and good
teamwork. But she recovered, though ___48___, and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks.
She was ___49___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge
,
we shared in her _____50_____ at her recovery. As she was _____51_____ she was eager to say
_____52_____ to each of us in the nursing team. When she _____53_____ one nurse, she tried to press a five-
pound note into her hand. My colleague _____54_____ to accept it, saying that we were all just _____55_____
our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then _____56_____:“Oh this isn't for the_____57_____ I had. I take that
as a _____58_____. No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people,_____59_____lives is part of the job but styling hair is an
_____60_____ and should be rewarded.
41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
.
55 A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building
60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B
51. D 52. C 53. A 54. D 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例,表达了我
们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢,即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工;B. chemist化
学家,药剂师;C. nurse护士;D. doctor医生。根据下文的“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each
of us in the nursing team.”可知,当时作者是一名护士。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我突然想到,如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语,那会容易得多。
A. grades分数,级别,程度;B. meanings意思;C. needs需求;D. expectations期待。根据上文的“simply
saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”可知,作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词,那
么感谢就容易得多了。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside撇开;B. put to the test经受考验,
接受……的考验;C. brought under discussion在讨论中;D. taken into account考虑。结合下文讲述女病人对
护士们的所为,可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing 出发,离开;B.
escaping逃跑;C. retiring退休;D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知,病人正
在恢复中。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:一天下午,当她试图上床睡觉时,她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. attempting试图,
尝试;B. choosing选择;C. pausing暂停;D. promising承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有伤的病人,可推
知她尝试着自己上床。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:一天下午,当她试图上床睡觉时,她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. eventually最后;
B. fortunately幸运地;C. casually随意地;D. secretly秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置换手术而住院,由此可知,此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:这次摔倒是灾难性的,需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing评估;
B. requiring需要;C. forming形成;D. proving证明。根据“the collapse was disastrous”可知,要想把病人治
好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:虽然很慢,但她恢复了,四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly 轻微地;B.
accidently意外地;C. slowly缓慢地;D. happily幸福地。根据上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可知,要
从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的;B.
thoughtful体贴的;C. sorrowful伤心的,悲伤的;D. fearful恐惧的。结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道
别,推知她对大家的付出表示感激。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在她出院那天,我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜;B. delight喜悦;
C. curiosity好奇心;D. disappointment失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知,此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。
故选B。
【51题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她要离开时,她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating手术;
B. thinking思考;C. hesitating犹豫;D. leaving离开。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知,女病人要
出院了,所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:当她要离开时,她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉;B.
hello你好;C. goodbye再见;D. yes同意。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知,女病人要出院了,
由此推知她对护理团队的人告别,say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语境。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她走到一个护士身边时,她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached
到达;B. consulted咨询;C. introduced介绍;D. persuaded说服。结合上文提到女病人出院时要和护士们一
一道别可知,此处是指她走到一个护士的身边,用“reach”符合语境。故选A。
【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受,说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望;B.
pretended假装;C. failed失败;D. refused拒绝。结合常识和下文的“we were all just 13 our job”可知,作
者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受,说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受;B.
doing做;C. securing获得,保护;D. starting开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下钱可推知,她认为
照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情而已。故选B。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:这个病人开起来很困惑,然后回复到:“噢,这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认
为它是应该的。不,这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. repeated重复;B. recited背诵;C. replied回答,回应;
D. reported报道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作,不应该得到额外的礼物可知,此处是女病
人对同事说的话的回应。故选C。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个病人开起来很困惑,然后回复到:“噢,这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认
为它是应该的。不,这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. courage勇气;B. patience耐心;C. duty职责;D. care
照顾。根据下文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知,女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英
镑。故选D。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个病人开起来很困惑,然后回复到:“噢,这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认
为它是应该的。不,这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. goal目标;B. given该给的东西;C. push推力;D.
greeting招呼。根据上文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”推知,女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士
们应该给她的(东西)。故选B。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对许多人来说,拯救生命是工作的一部分,但发型是额外的,应该得到奖励。
A. risking冒险;B. changing改变;C. saving拯救,挽救;D. building建设。根据上文内容可知,医生和护
理团队拯救了女病人的生命可知,此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。故选C。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:对许多人来说,拯救生命是工作的一部分,但做发型是额外的事情,应该得到
奖励。A. honour荣誉;B. ability能力;C. opening开口处;D. extra额外的东西。根据下文的“To many
people, 19 lives is part of the job”和“but”可知,此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情,即额外做的事情,应该得到奖励。故选D。
命题点02 议论文
典例01
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it.
“Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He
throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___
which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and
sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that
can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and
feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to
___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager
should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your
directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against
you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good
___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
17. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
18. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
20. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
21. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name
23. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
24. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
25. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
26. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful
27. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example28. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine
29. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
30. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
31. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
32. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
33. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
34. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending
35. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A.
deserve值得;B. miss错过;C. love爱;D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知,孩子很喜
欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
17.A【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意:他伸出胳膊和腿,好像在飞,他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。
A. as if 好像;B. in case以防;C. even though即使;D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知,本句为
虚拟语气,好像在飞。故选A项。
18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他伸出胳膊和腿,好像在飞,他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A.
fear害怕;B. excitement兴奋;C. doubt怀疑;D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs
out 2 he were flying,”可知,他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。
19.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他对我的信任是绝对的,这是一种很好的感觉,但同时也给了
我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的;B. limited有限的;C. absolute完全的,绝对的;D. important重要
的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知,孩子要求一次次被仍向空中,由此可知,他对父亲是完全信
任的。故选C项。
20.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对我的信任是绝对的,这是一种很好的感觉,但同时也给了我
巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰;B. satisfaction满意;C. achievement成就;D. responsibility责任。结合语境,
此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任,即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
21.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我希望杰基能永远完全信任我,但我知道,随着他长大,这需
要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的;B. busier较为忙的;C. quieter较安静的;D.
healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知,随着他长大,
这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
22.B【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:我希望杰基能永远完全信任我,但我知道,随着他长大,这需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我;B. on my part就我来说;C. in my honor
以我的名誉;D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系,所以需要“我”付出更多努
力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。
23.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分,它是一种不能失去的东
西。A. long-distance长途的;B. high-risk高风险的;C. parent-child父母子女的;D. teacher-student师生的。
本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系,所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
24.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分,它是一种不能失去的东西。
A. afford支付得起;B. choose选择;C. wait等待;D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part
of a ____8____ relationship”可知,它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A
项。
25.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:每次我给杰克介绍新东西,他都会去做,只是因为他相信我,觉
得安全,因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上;B. compare对比;C. adjust调整; D. introduce介绍。
根据下文“to something new”可知,作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
26.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:每次我给杰克介绍新东西,他都会去做,只是因为他相信我,
觉得安全,因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的;B. happy快乐的;C. proud自豪的; D. grateful感
激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知,只是因为他相信作者,觉得安全。故选A项。
27.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:例如,教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,
如果他溺水,我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是;B. In addition除此之外;C. At first首先;D. For
example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知,作者在举例子。
故选D项。
28.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:例如,教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如
果他溺水,我能去救他。A. admit承认;B. believe相信;C. suggest建议;D. imagine想象。根据上文
“because he trusts me”可知,教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果他溺水,作者能
去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
29.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:同样,在工作场所,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
However然而;B. Therefore因此;C. Similarly相似地;D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移
到职场,所以同样,在工作场所,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
30.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:同样,在工作场所,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
affection感情;B. determination决定;C. friendship友谊;D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something
that every manager”可知,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。31.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估;
B. organize组织;C. develop发展,培养;D. understand理解。根据常识可知,信任需要培养。故选C项。
32.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果人们不信任你,他们就不太可能听从你的指示,并不愿意成
为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复;B. follow跟随;C. change改变; D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people
don’t trust you”可知,人们不信任你,他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
33.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏信任会让人们与你作对,而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势;B.
measure测量;C. bond纽带;D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可
知,缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
34.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:至少,这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉;B.
giving给;C. selling卖;D. sending发送。其他人不信任你,所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
35.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:好的管理,就像好的育儿一样,是一种长期的承诺。A. management
管理;B. personality个性;C. communication交流;D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及
“manager”客户,作者在说管理。故选A项。
命题点03 说明文
典例01
【2022年全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s
something highly exciting about ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly
“egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology
___26___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down
with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear the
adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered her
own mouth: ___31___ children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.
A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results
were clear: Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their___36___ to the questions reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They
simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by
putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___40___
when others use it.
21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
33. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
34. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
39. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
40. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B
31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时,只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自
我中心主义的结果,而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对他们来说,避开别人的目光,让自己无法被别人看到,这是一件非常令人兴
奋的事情。A. following跟随;B. taking取走;C. escaping避开;D. directing指导。根据上文“Youngchildren across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知,儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏,避开别人的目光。
故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然而,我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的;B. bad不
擅长的;C. scared害怕的;D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands,
leaving the rest of their bodies”可知,儿童不擅长隐藏,be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们通常只用手遮住眼睛,其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的;B.
examined已检查过的;C. untouched未受影响的;D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover only
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知,儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛,身体的其余部分
无遮蔽,是暴露在外的。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:长期以来,这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”生物
的证据。A. supported支持;B. guaranteed保证;C. imagined想象;D. interpreted解释。根据下文“as
evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知,此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证
据,证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.
disappointing令人失望的;B. mixed混合的;C. surprising令人惊讶的;D. desired渴望的。根据下文
“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”可知,研究结果与之前的观点相矛盾,所
以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.
explained解释;B. confirmed证实;C. contradicted相矛盾;D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest
when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider
this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知,研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起,成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent
父母亲;B. child儿童;C. researcher研究员;D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-
4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,儿童参加实验,此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起,成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet脚;
B. nose鼻子;C. hands手;D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知,实验中,儿童被询问是否能
听到成年人的声音,所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见;B. help帮助;
C. reach到达;D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼
睛,所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时,同样的事情发生了:此刻孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. event大事;B. thing事情;C. action行动;D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that they
couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知,此处表示同样的事情发生了,孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选
B项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时,同样的事情发生了:此刻孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. Yet然而;B. Now此刻;C. Soon很快;D. Once一次。根据语境,此处表示当成年人捂住自己的
嘴时,这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时,同样的事情发生了:此刻孩子们说他们不能和她
说话。A. speak说;B. listen听;C. turn转;D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own
mouth”可知,此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令;B.
descriptions说明;C. experiments实验;D. assumptions假设。根据语境,此处表示上文中的许多实验排除
了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:结果很清楚:我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题,并且确切地知道他们被问到
了什么。A. comprehended理解;B. predicted预测;C. explored探索;D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the
questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知,儿童理解了问题,并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:结果很清楚:我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题,并且确切地知道他们被问到
了什么。A. partly部分地;B. honestly诚实地;C. vaguely含糊地;D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what was
asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知,孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什
么,他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法:“只有你也能看到我,我才能
看到你。”A. responses回答;B. approaches方法;C. contribution贡献;D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文
“to the questions”可知,此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法:“只有你也能看到我,我才能
看到你。”A. ability能力;B. belief看法;C. identity身份;D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only
if you can see me, too.”可知,此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止;B. relate to有关联;C. insist
on坚持;D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知,孩子们的看法体现
了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们的研究结果表明,当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时,这并不是自我中
心主义的结果。A. limitations限制;B. requirements必要条件;C. theories理论;D. findings调查发现。根
据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,此处表示实
验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:事实上,当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实
验性的;B. impressive令人印象深刻的;C. creative创造性的;D. effective有效的。根据上文“They simply
18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知,孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重,所以当其他人使用这种方法时,
孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。一、夹叙夹议文
一)文体特征
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的,也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地
道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾
向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事,在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的
看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息
或透视一种社会现象,而后对此进行高层次评价,或由此引发一种深层次思考,具有记叙
与议论的双重性,文情并茂,发人深思。解题时,应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者
的心境,及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。
【命题规律】
一、先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻,然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法,
或揭示生活的
真理。
二、作者先提出一种观点或看法,然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明,有时
也可能是用几个
事例从不同的侧面来说明。
三、提出一种观点或见解,然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点,最后再进一步地总结和升华。
此类完形填空三种结构特点如下表:
1 事例—观点 先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情,然后针对这件事
情发表自己对生活的看法,或揭示生活的真理。
2 观点—事例 先提出一种观点或看法,然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事
例来说明,一般是一个事例,有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧
面加以说明。
3 观点—事例—观点 提出一种观点或看法,然后用事例说明,最后再进一步阐述或
总结自己的观点。
二)应试策略1. 抓住作者在第一句话中交代的人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点、事
件的发生、发展以及最后得出的结果。
2.不仅要理解文章的字面意思,更重要的是挖掘文章的内涵,尤其要体味议论部分,因为
该部分往往是文章的升华。
3. 要跟着作者的思路读全文,思维要有灵活性,要随着记叙与议论的转换,及时调整思
维方式。
二、议论文
一)文体特征
不管是在汉语中,还是在英语中,议论文都是由论点(作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象、
论据(用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料)和论证(运用论据证明论点的过
程与方法),这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。
因此,典型的议论文一般就由序论(提出问题,即 what)、本论(分析问题,即 why)和
结论(解决问题,即how)三个部分构成,其具体的结构模式又有以下三种:
模式一:引言段(提出观点)——正方论点心(支持作者的观点的较弱论点)、正方论点
2(支持作者的观点的较强论点)、正方论点 3(支持作者观点的最强论点)——结论段
(总结+解决方法,论断或建议) 在这种模式中,文章主体段(中间部分)的每一个
部分论述一个论点,这些论点以其重要性按序排列,最有力、最重要的论点在最后面,以
示强调。
模式二:引言段(提出观点)——反面意见(反方观点+作者的反驳)、正方论点 1(支持
作者观点的较弱论点)、正方论点 2(支持作者观点的较强论点)、正方论点 3(支持作
者观点的最强论点)——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建议)
在这种模式中,文章立体段的一开始就提出对立方的反面意见及作者对这种意见的反驳,
以后各部分仍分别陈述作者的不同论点。
模式三:引言段(提出观点)——反方观点 1+进行反驳的正方论点、反方观点 2+进行反
驳的正方论点、反方观点 3+进行反驳的正方论点——结论段(总结+解决方法,论断或建
议)
在这种模式中,作者在文章主体段的每一部分都先提出一个反面观点,然后再进行反驳。
议论文有自己的语言个性,它不同于记叙文的生动形象,也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议
论是对具体事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述,因此,它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、
概括的。同时,它的语言也很准确,合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用,诸如since(既然),
now that(既然),therefore(因而),in that case(在那种情况下),so(所以),It
follows that…(因而…),If…,we may conclude that …(如果……,我们可以这样下结
论……),Should it be the case (如果是这样的话……),Idon’t want to…,but…(我并不想……),It is true that…,but…(诚然……但是……),Even if …(即使……)等有辩
论和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构,以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外,作者的写
作态度一般也较诚恳,在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气,不会给人以居高临
下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉,在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can,
may, might, could, would, should 等情态动词。
二)应试策略
技巧一 把握首句
议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句,作者通常在首段提出总论点,然后在每段的首句提出分论点。
技巧二 依据结构查论点
文章论点提出一般有以下三种。
开门见山:直接提出论点,然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以论证,最后总结全文。
抛砖引玉:先通过叙述生活中的一件事情或现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后
得出结论。
文末总结:先列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出结论。
技巧三 末段结论
议论文的尾段就是结论,也是对论点的照应。
三、说明文
一) 文体特征
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明,通常结构严谨,句子结构复杂,因此
也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。其主要特点为:
1. 开头点题
在说明文类的完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象,这是掌握说明细
节的前提。
2.结构清晰
说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序,对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑
关系,选择正确答案具有重要意义。
3.难度较大
说明文往往采用比较正式的文体,表述准确严谨,生词术语较多,句子较长,结构较为复
杂。
4.遣词用字简练说明文一般采用简练的语言,按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、
关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
5.条理清晰
说明文十分讲究条理性,一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物
或事理。
二)应试策略
1. 利用说明文的首句查找说明主体
2. 把握说明文的两种结构模式
(1)总分式。包括"总—分""分—总""总—分—总"等具体形式。
(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构,一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括:空间顺序——从上到下、
从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分;时间顺序——按照时间
先后顺序来安排,事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程;逻辑顺序——有些说明文主要是剖析事理的,
在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排,或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果,具有严密的条
理性。
考向一 夹叙夹议文
(2023·江苏·统考二模)It wasn’t easy to practice gratitude (感激) every day. After I 1 Cushing’s
disease and had an operation a few years ago, my 2 was that everything would be OK. However, I was
wrong. I had ongoing aches and pains, and 3 myself to a new life was difficult for me. I began to notice
that I’d become a 4 person.
One day, I heard a discussion about gratitude by Dr Tony Evans. It 5 me and forced me to take a
long, hard, honest look at myself. I have a (n) 6 spouse (配偶) and parents. I’d heard the stories of other
people’s struggles with Cushing’s disease. Their spouses had left them and they didn’t have family to 7 . I
didn’t face any of these problems, yet I didn’t realize that.
I made a decision to start practicing gratitude daily. Once I decided that, my 8 improved, and I
began to approach situations 9 . Instead of viewing situations negatively, I started to see them as 10
.
This led me to practice the concept of sowing and reaping (收获), which I learned from my parents. Theydidn’t just talk the talk, but rather they 11 this concept to us. 12 , it wasn’t until I had my
own experiences that I understood what it meant.
Let me explain. When I was 13 by my own pity, my harvest in life was ruined, because
everything I was 14 was negative. Since I started practicing gratitude, so many different doors of
opportunity have opened up for me.
My advice is starting practicing gratitude until it becomes a part of your daily 15 . Take note of
the difference it will make in your life.
1.A.caught B.treated C.studied D.spread
2.A.suggestion B.assumption C.description D.solution
3.A.referring B.abandoning C.releasing D.adjusting
4.A.reasonable B.considerate C.generous D.hateful
5.A.annoyed B.challenged C.fooled D.ignored
6.A.supportive B.creative C.sensitive D.active
7.A.turn up B.turn in C.turn to D.turn down
8.A.image B.taste C.mood D.character
9.A.obviously B.differently C.greedily D.frequently
10.A.opportunities B.responsibilities C.abilities D.difficulties
11.A.reported B.explained C.performed D.demonstrated
12.A.Instead B.Besides C.However D.Therefore
13.A.consumed B.surprised C.protected D.judged
14.A.raising B.sowing C.meeting D.learning
15.A.burden B.supply C.routine D.struggle
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A
11.D 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者因为疾病变得充满憎恨。在一次听了关于感恩的讨论并审视
自己后,作者决定每一天都践行感恩,也明白了种下什么因就会有什么果。
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意:几年前,我感染了库欣病并做了手术后,我的假设是一切都会好起来的。
A. caught抓住,患病;B. treated对待,治疗;C. studied学习,研究;D. spread传播,散布。根据下文“I
had ongoing aches and pains”可知,作者患上了库欣病。故选A。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. suggestion建议;B. assumption假设,猜测;C. description描述;D.
solution解决方法。根据下文“However, I was wrong”可知,“一切都会好起来”是作者假设的情况。故选B。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我一直有疼痛,让自己适应新生活对我来说很困难。A. referring涉及,查阅;
B. abandoning抛弃,遗弃;C. releasing释放;D. adjusting校对,调整,适应。根据“However, I was wrong.
I had ongoing aches and pains”可知,作者的库欣病并没有好,因此推知他需要适应新的生活。故选D。
4.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我开始注意到我已经变成了一个充满憎恨的人。A. reasonable合理的;B.
considerate体贴的,周到的;C. generous大方的,慷慨的;D. hateful可恶的,充满憎恨的人。结合作者患
病的事情和“and 3 myself to a new life was difficult for me.”和生活常识可知,作者因为这些事情
性情大变,内心充满憎恨。故选D。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:它挑战了我,迫使我长时间、认真、诚实地审视自己。A. annoyed使……生
气;B. challenged挑战;C. fooled愚弄;D. ignored忽略,忽视。根据“forced me to take a long, hard, honest
look at myself.”推知,作者听到的关于感恩的讨论给了他挑战,迫使他审视自己。故选B。
6.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我有一个支持我的配偶和父母A. supportive支持的;B. creative有创造力
的;C. sensitive敏感的;D. active积极的。根据下文“Their spouses had left them and they didn’t have family
to 7 . I didn’t face any of these problems, yet I didn’t realize that.”推知,不像其他患者那样被配偶抛
弃,作者有一个支持自己的配偶。故选A。
7.考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们的配偶已经离开了他们,他们没有家人可以求助。A. turn up调高,出
现;B. turn in上交;C. turn to转向,求助于;D. turn down调低,拒绝。呼应上文“Their spouses had left
them”可知,那些患者也没有家人可以求助。故选C。
8.考查名词词义辨析。句意:一旦我决定了这一点,我的情绪就好转了,我应对各种情况(的态度)也
不一样了。A. image形象;B. taste味道;C. mood情绪;D. character角色,汉字,性格。根据上文“I
began to notice that I’d become a 4 person.”以及“I made a decision to start practicing gratitude daily. ”
推知,决定带着感恩的心态活着时,作者的情绪好了很多。故选C。
9.考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. obviously明显地,显然;B. differently不同地;C. greedily贪婪地;
D. frequently频繁地。根据下文“Instead of viewing situations negatively, I started to see them as 1 0 .”
推知,作者应对各种情况也和之前不一样了。故选B。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我不再消极地看待各种情况,而是开始把它们视为机遇。A. opportunities
机会,机遇;B. responsibilities责任;C. abilities能力;D. difficulties困难。根据“Instead of viewing
situations negatively”可知,作者把自己遇到的情况看作机遇,而不再是麻烦和问题。故选A。
11.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们不只是说说而已,而是向我们展示了这个概念。A. reported报道;B.
explained解释;C. performed表演,表现;D. demonstrated证明,展示。根据“They didn’t just talk the talk”可知,父母不仅只是说说“播种和收获”这个概念,并用行动向作者展示了。故选D。
12.考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,直到我有了自己的经历,我才明白这是什么意思。A. Instead相反;
B. Besides此外;C. However然而;D. Therefore因此。上文“父母对概念的展示”和此处“作者通过亲身
经历才明白这个概念”之间为转折关系。故选C。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我被自己的怜悯所吞噬时,我的人生收获就毁了,因为我所播种的一切
都是消极的。 A. consumed消费,消耗;B. surprised使……吃惊;C. protected保护;D. judged判断。根据
“my harvest in life was ruined”可知,此处指作者顾影自怜时,即他被怜悯吞噬时。故选A。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. raising提高,喂养,种植;B. sowing播种;C. meeting遇见;D.
learning学习,了解。根据上文“the concept of sowing and reaping”和本句harvest可知,此处是指“收获”
被毁是因为种下的一切都是消极的。故选B。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我的建议是开始实践感恩,直到它成为你日常生活的一部分。A. burden负
担,重担;B. supply供给;C. routine日常;D. struggle挣扎。根据上文“I made a decision to start practicing
gratitude daily.”可知,此处作者建议人们练习感恩,直到它成为日常生活的一部分。故选C。
考向二 议论文和说明文
(2023·河南郑州·统考模拟预测)A warm cup of tea can seem to heal the soul. A new study finds it may be
good for your 1 , too. Past studies in China and Japan have suggested that green tea 2 drinkers.
Now, scientists say 3 tea may show similar benefits.
Scientists from the United States National Cancer Institute carried out the 4 . They examined years of
data gathered about the tea drinking 5 of almost 500,000 adults in Britain for as many as 14 years. The
researchers 6 that people who drank two or more cups of tea daily 7 were less likely to have
8 from all causes than those who didn’t. The scientists said the 9 risk of death held true for the 10
with heart diseases and stroke. However, there was no clear finding in connection with deaths from 11 .
Researchers were not sure why. “It is 12 that there were too few confirmed cancer deaths to 13
,” explained Maki Inoue-Choi, who led the study.
All kinds of tea—green, black, oolong, and white—are produced from the same tree plant using different
14 methods. Antioxidants(抗氧化物) in black tea are major 15 to health benefits. A group of
antioxidants called Flavonoids are thought to be 16 for heart health. That’s why black tea helps drinkers
live longer.
The researchers do not offer enough 17 to advise people to start drinking tea or the change howmuch they are 18 right now. They need more research to 19 the findings. But Inoue-Choi
said, “If you are already drinking tea, you can 20 doing so.”
1.A.brain B.feeling C.body D.work
2.A.strengthens B.comforts C.refreshes D.benefits
3.A.black B.green C.white D.oolong
4.A.task B.study C.experiment D.reform
5.A.behaviors B.burdens C.opinions D.interests
6.A.admitted B.understood C.suspected D.found
7.A.meanwhile B.afterwards C.therefore D.otherwise
8.A.suffered B.died C.escaped D.recovered
9.A.increased B.removed C.lowered D.avoided
10.A.patients B.subjects C.Chinese D.Japanese
11.A.cancer B.heart disease C.stroke D.common illness
12.A.certain B.possible C.vital D.necessary
13.A.cure B.record C.measure D.count
14.A.packaging B.shipping C.marketing D.processing
15.A.approaches B.responses C.contributors D.entrances
16.A.unacceptable B.responsible C.famous D.ready
17.A.knowledge B.guidance C.evidence D.conclusion
18.A.growing B.purchasing C.storing D.drinking
19.A.round out B.pass round C.put down D.bring up
20.A.quit B.delay C.advocate D.continue
【答案】1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.C 10.B
11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究表明,饮茶者可能更健康。
1.考查名词词义辨析。句意:一项新的研究发现,它可能对你的身体也有好处。A. brain大脑;B. feeling
感觉;C. body身体;D. work工作。根据上文“A warm cup of tea can seem to heal the soul.”及后文可知,茶
对人体有好处。故选C。
2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:中国和日本过去的研究表明,绿茶对饮用者有益。A. strengthens加强;B.
comforts安慰;C. refreshes提神;D. benefits有益。根据下文“Now, scientists say ____3____tea may showsimilar benefits.”可知,过去研究发现喝绿茶对人体有益。故选D。
3.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:现在,科学家表示,红茶可能也有类似的功效。A. black黑色的;B.
green绿色的;C. white白色的;D. oolong乌龙茶。black tea红茶。根据下文“Antioxidants(抗氧化物) in
black tea are major____15____to health benefits.”可知,科学家发现红茶对人体也有益。故选A。
4.考查名词词义辨析。句意:美国国家癌症研究所的科学家进行了这项研究。A. task任务;B. study研究;
C. experiment实验;D. reform改革。根据下文“They examined years of data gathered about the tea drinking
____5____of almost 500,000 adults in Britain for as many as 14 years.”可知,科学家对喝茶进行了研究。故选
B。
5.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们研究了英国近50万成年人长达14年的饮茶行为数据。A. behaviors行
为;B. burdens负担;C. opinions观点;D. interests兴趣。根据下文“that people who drank two or more cups
of tea daily ”可知,科学家研究的是饮茶行为数据。故选A。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:研究人员发现,与不喝茶的人相比,每天喝两杯或两杯以上茶的人以后死
于各种原因的可能性更小。A. admitted承认;B. understood理解;C. suspected嫌疑;D. found发现。根据
“that people who drank two or more cups of tea daily ____7____were less likely to have ____8____from all
causes than those who didn’t.”可知,这是科学家研究发现的结果。故选D。
7.考查副词词义辨析。句意:研究人员发现,与不喝茶的人相比,每天喝两杯或两杯以上茶的人以后死
于各种原因的可能性更小。A. meanwhile其间;B. afterwards以后;C. therefore因此;D. otherwise否则。
根据“were less likely to have ____8____from all causes than those who didn’t.”可知,这里指每天喝茶对以后
的影响。故选B。
8.考查动词词义辨析。句意:研究人员发现,与不喝茶的人相比,每天喝两杯或两杯以上茶的人以后死
于各种原因的可能性更小。A. suffered遭受;B. died死;C. escaped逃离;D. recovered恢复。die from死于。
根据下文“The scientists said the 9 risk of death held true for the 1 0 ”可知,这里指死于
各种可能的疾病。故选B。
9.考查动词词义辨析。句意:科学家们说,这种降低的死亡风险适用于心脏病和中风患者。A. increased
增加;B. removed消除;C. lowered降低;D. avoided避免。根据“less likely to have 8 from all
causes than those who didn’t. ”可知,这种降低的死亡风险适用于心脏病和中风患者。故选C。
10.考查名词词义辨析。句意:科学家们说,这种降低的死亡风险适用于心脏病和中风患者。A. patients
病人;B. subjects 实验对象;C. Chinese中国人;D. Japanese日本人。根据“with heart diseases and stroke.”
可知,适用的对象是心脏病和中风的实验对象。故选B。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,没有明确的发现与癌症死亡有关。A. cancer癌症;B. heart disease心脏病;C. stroke 中风;D. common illness 常见病。根据““It is ____12____that there were too few
confirmed cancer deaths to ____13____,” explained Maki Inoue-Choi, whole d the study.”可知,没有明确的发现
喝茶与癌症死亡有关系。故选A。
12.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:该研究的负责人Maki Inoue-Choi解释说:“有可能确诊的癌症死亡人数
太少,无法衡量。”A. certain肯定的;B. possible可能的;C. vital至关重要的;D. necessary必要的。根据
上文“Researchers were not sure why. ”和下文“there were too few confirmed cancer deaths to ____13____,”
explained Maki Inoue-Choi, whole d the study.”可知,这可能是因为确诊的癌症死亡人数太少而无法测量。故
选B。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意:该研究的负责人Maki Inoue-Choi解释说:“有可能确诊的癌症死亡人数太
少,无法衡量。”A. cure治愈;B. record记录;C. measure测量;D. count计算。根据“there were too few
confirmed cancer deaths to”可知,因为数据太少,所以无法衡量。故选C。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:所有种类的茶——绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶和白茶——都是从同一棵树上用不
同的加工方法生产出来的。A. packaging把……打包;B. shipping装运;C. marketing销售;D. processing
加工。根据“All kinds of tea—green, black, oolong, and white—are produced from the same tree plant”和常识可
知,所有不同种类的茶是因为加工的方法不同。故选D。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意:红茶中的抗氧化剂是对健康有益的主要贡献者。A. approaches方法;B.
responses 回答;C. contributors 贡献者;D. entrances 入口。根据下文“A group of antioxidants called
Flavonoids are thought to be 1 6 for heart health. That’s why black tea helps drinkers live longer.”可知,抗
氧化剂是对健康有益的主要贡献者。故选C。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一组被称为类黄酮的抗氧化剂被认为对心脏健康负责。A. unacceptable
不能接受的;B. responsible有责任的;C. famous著名的;D. ready准备好的。be responsible for对……负责。
根据“A group of antioxidants called Flavonoids”可知,类黄酮的抗氧化剂被认为对心脏健康负责。故选B。
17.考查名词词义辨析。句意:研究人员没有提供足够的证据来建议人们开始喝茶或改变他们现在的饮用
量。A. knowledge知识;B. guidance指导;C. evidence证据;D. conclusion结论。根据“to advise people to
start drinking tea or the change how much they are ____18____right now.”可知,没有提供足够的证据来建议人
们开始喝茶或改变他们现在的饮用量。故选C。
18.考查动词词义辨析。句意:研究人员没有提供足够的证据来建议人们开始喝茶或改变他们现在的饮用
量。A. growing增长;B. purchasing购买;C. storing储存;D. drinking喝。根据“the change how much”可
知,研究人员没有提供足够的证据来建议人们喝茶的饮用量。故选D。
19.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:他们需要更多的研究来完善这些发现。A. round out圆满完成;丰满起来;B. pass round传递;C. put down镇压;记下;D. bring up提出;教育。根据上文“The researchers do
not offer enough 17 to advise people to start drinking tea or the change how much they are 18
right now.”可知,研究人员需要更多的研究来完善这些发现。故选A。
20.考查动词词义辨析。句意:但是 Inoue-Choi说:“如果你已经在喝茶了,你可以继续这样做。”A.
quit停止;B. delay延迟;C. advocate提倡;D. continue继续。结合上文提出喝茶有利于身体健康和此处
“If you are already drinking tea,”可知,如果已经喝茶了,就继续喝茶。故选D。
微专题 名词词义辨析易错点
1. ( 2022年新高考全国I卷)
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 ,
wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.
54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
54.【答案】D
【错误分析】设空处上下文逻辑意思没有合理分析,单纯依靠短语的语感。
【解题思路】考查名词词义辨析。relief救济;duty职责; pride自豪; excitement兴奋。句意:现在,
每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时,我们都会充满兴奋,想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐
趣和冒险。结合语境,再根据下文“wondering what camping fun we will experience next(想知道下一次我
们将体验什么野营乐趣)”可推知,此处指作者期待接下来的露营,充满兴奋。故选D。
55.【答案】B
【错误分析】长难句理解失误,上句翻译不当引起连锁失误。
【解题思路】考查名词词义辨析。 failure失败; adventure冒险;performance表现; conflict冲突。句
意:现在,每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时,我们都会充满兴奋,想知道接下来我们会经历什么
样的露营乐趣和冒险。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are
filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun we will experience next(现在,每年当我丈夫把
露营车从车库里拉出来时,我们都会充满兴奋,想知道下一次露营能带来什么样的乐趣)”可推知,此处
指作者与家人十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B。
【关键技能】 选项词义和词性熟悉。
2.(2022年1月浙江卷) When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems
with her ___16___ , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply ___17___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt sohelpless and insecure because the quality of my ___18___ was affected. "
......
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___23___ at Tel Aviv University in
Israel.
16. A. throat B. skin C. lungs D. eyes
17. A. getting over B. going through C. holding on D. passing down
18. A. story B. treatment C. life D. relationship
23. A. course B. program C. paper D. conference
16.【答案】D
【错误分析】考纲词汇词义掌握不牢,没有关注下文23空处所给暗示。故完形填空需要纵观全文。
【解题思路】考查名词词义辨析。句意:她开始有眼睛问题,明显的干涩和不适。A. throat喉咙;B.
skin皮肤;C. lungs肺;D. eyes眼睛。根据后文的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an
eye research”(最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划)可知,她有眼睛问题,故选D项。
17.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A. get over克服;B. go
through经历;C. hold on坚持;D. pass down传递下去。根据语境可知,她遭受眼睛问题,这是一段糟糕的
经历,故选B项。
18.【答案】C
【错误分析】文中设空处上下文逻辑意思理解不清楚, 介词of的后置定语应当正确理解。
【解题思路】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我感到如此无助和不安,因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A.
story故事;B. treatment治疗,对待;C. life生命,生活;D. relationship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦,生活
质量自然会被影响,故选C项。
23.【答案】B
【错误分析】 考纲词义不熟悉,上文同义转换,plan即program。
【解题思路】考查名词词义辨析。句意:最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划,这是在以色列
特拉维夫大学的一个项目。A. course课程;B. program项目;C. paper纸、论文;D. conference会议。一项
研究通常也被称为一个项目,故选B项完形填空
(2023 上·江苏·高三校联考期末)Most of us need to heal once in a while. Physically. Mentally.
Emotionally. Sometimes it’s all the above. For some of us, the 1 part of healing is simply to believe that
it’s possible.
Years ago, I was watching my oldest son 2 free throws. He made a dozen 3 through the
net without a miss.
“How do you do that?” I said.
“Before I release the ball,” he said, “I see it in my mind going 4 the net. I see it in my mind to make
it happen.”
I loved these words. It struck me that they might also 5 healing. We need to believe healing can
happen and picture it in our minds to see it in 6 . 7 doesn’t assure us of the outcome we hope
for. But it sets us in motion to move toward desired 8 .
Last year I had surgery for a broken 9 and spent eight weeks in a wheelchair. At the end of those
eight weeks, I 10 to start walking again. 11 , that didn’t happen. I then started going to
physical 12 . I believed it could help, so I kept at it just when it seemed I’d never 13 again as I
did before.
When hope grows dim (暗淡的), belief 14 the way and makes all things possible. We need to
believe 15 is possible. If we can see it in our minds, we can let go of the past, accept the present and
move toward a better future.
1.A.simple B.emotional C.hardest D.reasonable
2.A.practice B.display C.release D.enjoy
3.A.attempts B.shots C.choices D.adjustments
4.A.against B.with C.for D.through
5.A.rely on B.apply to C.arise from D.respond to
6.A.reality B.detail C.turn D.person
7.A.Imagination B.Desire C.Belief D.Dreaming
8.A.outcome B.prize C.career D.option
9.A.hand B.ankle C.wrist D.arm
10.A.promised B.planned C.longed D.expected
11.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Additionally D.However
12.A.strength B.beauty C.therapy D.examination13.A.walk B.live C.wish D.recover
14.A.feels B.lights C.forces D.clears
15.A.success B.improvement C.healing D.breakthrough
【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.D
11.D 12.C 13.A 14.B 15.C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要叙述了作者通过看儿子练习发球,总结出对我们中的一些人来说,
治愈最难的部分就是相信它是可能的,并自己亲身实践了这一观点。
1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对我们中的一些人来说,治愈最难的部分就是相信它是可能的。A. simple
简单的;B. emotional情感的;C. hardest最硬的;D. reasonable合理的。根据后文的“We need to believe
healing can happen and picture it in our minds to see it in 6 ”可知,“我们”需要相信治愈是可以发生的,并
在“我们”的脑海中描绘它,以便在现实中看到它,治愈最难的部分就是相信它是可能的。故选C项。
2.考查动词词义辨析。句意:几年前,我看着大儿子练习罚球。A. practice练习;B. display展示;C.
release释放;D. enjoy享受。根据后文的“free throws. He made a dozen 3 through the net without a miss.”可
知,儿子罚球时,射门了十几个球都没有打偏,儿子肯定是在练球。故选A项。
3.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他射门了十几个球都没有打偏。A. attempts尝试;B. shots射门;C. choices
选择;D. adjustments调整。根据前文的“free throws”可知,他在练习射门。故选B项。
4.考查介词词义辨析。句意:在我释放球之前,”他说,“我在脑海中看到它穿过球网。我在脑海中看
到它,让它发生。”A. against反对;B. with与;C. for对于;D. through通过。根据前文的“through the
net without a miss”可知,脑海中看到它穿过球网。故选D项。
5.考查动词短语辨析。句意:我突然想到,它们或许也适用于治疗。A. rely on依靠;B. apply to适用于;
C. arise from产生于;D. respond to回应。根据前文的““Before I release the ball,” he said, “I see it in my
mind going 4 the net. I see it in my mind to make it happen.” ”和后文的“We need to believe healing can happen
and picture it in our minds to see it in 6 ”可知,“我”认为儿子的话也适用于患者的心理。故选B项。
6.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们需要相信治愈是可以发生的,并在我们的脑海中描绘它,以便在现实
中看到它。A. reality现实;B. detail细节;C. turn转向;D. person人。根据前文的““Before I release the
ball,” he said, “I see it in my mind going 4 the net. I see it in my mind to make it happen.” ”和“We need to
believe healing can happen and picture it in our minds”可知,在我们的脑海中描绘后,现实中才有可能实现,
才能在现实中看到描绘的结果。故选A项。
7.考查名词词义辨析。句意:信念并不能保证我们所希望的结果。A. Imagination想象;B. Desire欲望;
C. Belief信念;D. Dreaming梦想。根据后文的“doesn’t assure us of the outcome we hope for. But it sets us inmotion to move toward desired”可知,信念会让我们朝着想要的方向前进,但是并不能保证我们所希望的结
果。故选C项。
8.考查名词词义辨析。句意:但它会让我们朝着想要的结果前进。A. outcome结果;B. prize奖品;C.
career职业;D. option选项。根据前文的“We need to believe healing can happen and picture it in our minds to
see it ”和“But it sets us in motion to move toward desired”可知,信念会让我们朝着想要的结果前进。故选A
项。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意:去年我做了脚踝骨折的手术,在轮椅上坐了8个星期。A. hand手;B. ankle
脚踝;C. wrist手腕;D. arm手臂。根据后文的“spent eight weeks in a wheelchair”可知,我脚部受伤。故选
B项。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:在这八周结束时,我希望能重新开始走路。A. promised答应;B. planned
计划;C. longed渴望;D. expected预期。根据前文的“Last year I had surgery for a broken 9 and spent eight
weeks in a wheelchair.”和“start walking again”可知,做了脚踝骨折的手术后,“我”希望能重新开始走路。
故选D项。
11.考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,这并没有发生。A. Moreover此外;B. Therefore因此;C.
Additionally另外;D. However然而。根据前文的“I 10 to start walking again.”和后文“that didn’t happen”
可知,前后句意存在转折关系,故用However。故选D项。
12.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后我开始接受物理治疗。A. strength强度;B. beauty美丽;C. therapy治
疗;D. examination检查。根据前文的“At the end of those eight weeks, I 10 to start walking again. 11, that
didn’t happen.”可知,“我”没能重新开始走路,需要接受物理治疗。故选C项。
13.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我相信它会有帮助,所以就在我似乎再也不能像以前那样走路的时候,我
还是坚持了下来。A. walk步行;B. live 生活;C. wish希望;D. recover恢复。根据前文的“At the end of
those eight weeks, I 10 to start walking again. 11, that didn’t happen.”和后文“again as I did before”可知,
“我”像以前那样走路。故选A项。
14.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当希望渺茫时,信念照亮道路,使一切成为可能。A. feels感觉;B. lights
点燃;C. forces强迫;D. clears清除。根据前文的“When hope grows dim(暗淡的), belief ”和后文“the way”
可知,信念照亮道路。故选B项。
15.考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们要相信治愈是可能的。A. success成功;B. improvement改进;C.
healing愈合;D. breakthrough重大进展。根据前文的“We need to believe healing can happen and picture it in
our minds”可知,“我们”要相信治愈是可能的,才会有可能治愈。故选C项。
(2024上·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈尔滨三中校考期末)Years ago, I lived in the English midlands and wouldwalk the same route along the local canal each evening. On winter mornings, I would see the 16 sight of
bird flocks dancing across the landscape, a distant cacophony (刺耳的嘈杂声) 17 above the fields. They
were jackdaws (寒鸦), the smallest member of the crow family.
Research led by Masters student Alex Dibnah asked: Why are jackdaws so loud when they 18 ?
Then he began to work with a team. The team’s 19 was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw
version of “ 20 ”. Each individual’s call might 21 as an “I’m in!” helping them coordinate(协
调) their 22 .
To test this, the researchers artificially 23 call levels during the jackdaws’ morning cacophony using
speakers at their sleeping sites. When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 24 earlier, showing they use
calls as a check-in system.
Individual jackdaws 25 from leaving with the flock because they get more social information like
where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food, and they’re less 26 being
attacked. This sort of decision-making isn’t 27 to jackdaws — it’s been reported in other species as
well.
So, the cacophony of jackdaws in the morning is a clever solution to 28 a large group. If you’re
29 by the noise, find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in 30
.
16.A.frightening B.peaceful C.familiar D.unusual
17.A.fading B.stopping C.changing D.rising
18.A.fly B.gather C.appear D.return
19.A.evidence B.theory C.experiment D.difficulty
20.A.fitting in B.breaking in C.stepping in D.signing in
21.A.resign B.count C.check D.rank
22.A.movement B.progress C.gesture D.demand
23.A.created B.graded C.increased D.maintained
24.A.settled B.left C.escaped D.arrived
25.A.benefit B.learn C.suffer D.keep
26.A.in defense of B.in control of C.at risk of D.at the sight of
27.A.common B.essential C.open D.unique
28.A.joining B.organizing C.mastering D.warning29.A.bothered B.impressed C.surprised D.fascinated
30.A.trouble B.wonder C.peace D.charge
【答案】16.C 17.D 18.B 19.B 20.D 21.B 22.A 23.C 24.B
25.A 26.C 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳(Alex Dibnah)领导着做了一项关于为
什么寒鸦聚集时声音大的研究。
16.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在冬天的早晨,我会看到熟悉的景象,成群的鸟在风景中跳舞,远处的
嘈杂声在田野上空升起。A. frightening令人害怕的;B. peaceful和平的;C. familiar熟悉的;D. unusual不
同寻常的。根据上文“would walk the same route along the local canal each evening”可知,亚历克斯·迪布纳
每天晚上都会沿着当地的运河走同样的路,所以他看到的是每天都会看见的熟悉的景象。故选C。
17.考查动词词义辨析。句意:见第1题详解。A. fading褪色;B. stopping停止;C. changing改变;D.
rising上升。根据下文“above the fields”可知,远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。故选D。
18.考查动词词义辨析。句意:由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳领导着做的研究问道:为什么寒鸦聚集时声音这
么大?A. fly飞;B. gather聚集;C. appear出现;D. return回来。根据下文“showing they use calls as a
check-in system”可知,寒鸦声音这么大是在它们早上聚集时发出的。故选B。
19.考查名词词义辨析。句意:该团队的理论是,早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。A. evidence证明;
B. theory理论;C. experiment实验;D. difficulty困难。根据下文“was that the morning calls might be a
jackdaw version of “ 5 ” .”可知,接下来是亚历克斯·迪布纳先推测的理论结果。故选B。
20.考查动词短语辨析。句意:见第4题详解。A. fitting in适应;B. breaking in破门而入;C. stepping in
迈进;D. signing in签到。根据下文“Each individual’s call might 6 as an “I’m in!” helping them
coordinate(协调) their 7 .”和“showing they use calls as a check-in system”可知,寒鸦早上的叫声可
能是寒鸦版的“签到”。故选D。
21.考查动词词义辨析。句意:每个成员的喊叫都可以认为是“我加入了!”帮助他们协调行动。A.
resign辞职;B. count计数,认为;C. check检查;D. rank排名。根据下文“as an “I’m in!””可知,这里指
每个寒鸦成员的喊叫都被认为是“我加入了!”的信号。故选B。
22.考查名词词义辨析。句意:见第6题详解。A. movement移动;B. progress进步;C. gesture姿势;D.
demand要求。根据下文“When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 9 earlier, showing they use calls
as a check-in system.”可知,这里指寒鸦成员的叫声协调了它们的到来和离开的行动。故选A。
23.考查动词词义辨析。句意:为了测试这一点,研究人员在寒鸦睡觉的地方使用扬声器,人为地增加了
它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。A. created创造;B. graded分级;C. increased增加;D. maintained保持。根据下文“using speakers”可知,研究人员使用扬声器,应该是人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时
的叫声水平。故选C。
24.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当播放额外的喊叫时,寒鸦会提前离开,这表明它们将叫声作为登记系统。
A. settled定居;B. left离开;C. escaped逃脱;D. arrived到达。根据上文“When extra calls were played”和
下文“leaving with the flock”可知,当额外的叫声被播放时,寒鸦会当成是要离开的信号,所以会提前离开。
故选B。
25.考查动词词义辨析。句意:个体寒鸦从与群体一起离开中受益,因为它们可以获得更多的社会信息,
比如在哪里寻找食物,它们可以最大限度地延长寻找食物的时间,而且它们被攻击的风险更小。A. benefit
获益;B. learn学习;C. suffer遭受;D. keep保持。根据下文“because they get more social information like
where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food”可知,这是和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的
好处。故选A。
26.考查介词短语辨析。句意:见第10题详解。A. in defense of防御;B. in control of控制;C. at risk of冒
险;D. at the sight of看见。根据上文“Individual jackdaws 1 0 from leaving with the flock”可知,这
是个体寒鸦和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处,所以个体寒鸦被攻击的风险应该是更小。故选C。
27.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这种决策并非寒鸦独有,其他物种也有报道。A. common常见的;B.
essential基础的;C. open开的;D. unique独特的。根据下文“it’s been reported in other species as well”可知,
其他物种也有报道这种决策,所以它并非寒鸦独有的。故选D。
28.考查动词词义辨析。句意:因此,早上寒鸦的嘈杂声是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。A. joining加
入;B. organizing组织;C. mastering精通;D. warning警告。根据上文“the cacophony of jackdaws in the
morning is a clever solution to”可知,早上寒鸦的嘈杂声应该是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。故选B。
29.考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果你被噪音困扰,请从噪音越大,越早让你平静下来这一事实中找到安
慰。A. bothered打扰;B. impressed给…印象;C. surprised使吃惊;D. fascinated迷住。根据下文“by the
noise”可知,这里应该是指人们会被寒鸦的喊叫烦扰。故选A。
30.考查名词词义辨析。句意:见第14题详解。A. trouble麻烦;B. wonder奇迹;C. peace和平;D.
charge控告。根据上文“find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in”可知,
寒鸦叫的声音越大越早,说明它们会越早离开,就会让你越早平静下来。故选C。
(2023上·广东深圳·高三珠海市第一中学校联考期末)I am a professor of psychology. Some time ago, I
got halfway through a day of teaching before a co-worker pointed out to me I was quite 31 wearing a
different pair of shoes, one red and one black. I felt so 32 and upset but I would have to go to teach my
33 like this. When I noticed how much I wanted to disappear and avoid this 34 , I was determined toface it 35 . I walked into class and 36 to the students that I was wearing two shoes from 37
pairs, and directed their attention to my feet. Everyone laughed and we went on with class. Years later, a 38
in that class told me that this was the moment she first thought that maybe, just maybe, she could be a professor,
too.
I 39 my mistake because I realized that trying to hide it was weakening my ability to concentrate my
mind on my teaching — but I had no idea that it would also help shorten the 40 distance between my
students and myself.
Many contexts may 41 or shame people for making mistakes. Our efforts to avoid them 42
our desires for success, and how others will respond to our mistakes. We might feel 43 and shame if we do
make some.
However, mistake-making is part of learning new things, and it can 44 us closer to others. It 45
up the possibility of accepting mistakes gladly, letting us be more open and engaged in what we are doing.
31.A.impatiently B.carelessly C.quietly D.slowly
32.A.confused B.touched C.terrified D.embarrassed
33.A.aim B.book C.course D.feeling
34.A.situation B.direction C.operation D.option
35.A.besides B.moreover C.instead D.otherwise
36.A.shouted B.appealed C.called D.announced
37.A.beautiful B.fancy C.different D.colorful
38.A.worker B.teacher C.student D.peer
39.A.shared B.made C.avoided D.corrected
40.A.physical B.psychological C.critical D.economical
41.A.recognize B.stop C.help D.punish
42.A.result from B.come out C.give off D.take on
43.A.self-control B.self-respect C.self-confidence D.self-criticism
44.A.draw B.force C.push D.affect
45.A.clears B.opens C.turns D.uses
【答案】31.B 32.D 33.C 34.A 35.C 36.D 37.C 38.C 39.A
40.B 41.D 42.A 43.D 44.A 45.B
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了作者通过主动告诉学生自己犯的错误,不但消除了自己内心的
尴尬、沮丧,同时还拉进了自己与学生之间的距离。向他人敞开心扉,不仅可以了解自己,还能将自己与其他的事情联系起来。
31.考查副词词义辨析。句意:前段时间,一天的教学进行到一半时,一位同事向我指出,我很不小心穿
了一双不同的鞋,一只红一只黑。A. impatiently不耐烦地;B. carelessly粗心地;C. quietly安静地;D.
slowly缓慢地。根据“wearing a different pair of shoes”可知,此处指由于粗心穿错了鞋,故选B。
32.考查形容词词辨析。句意:我感到很尴尬和沮丧,但我必须这样去教我的课程。A. confused困惑的;
B. touched感动的;C. terrified害怕的;D. embarrassed尴尬的。空处和“upset”并列,结合语境可知,穿错
鞋应是感到尴尬,故选D。
33.考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. aim目的;B. book书;C. course课程;D. feeling感觉。根据上文
“I got halfway through a day of teaching”可知,作者一天的教学还没完成,指必须这样去教授课程,故选
C。
34.考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我意识到我是多么想要消失和避免这种情况时,相反我决定去面对它。
A. situation情况;B. direction方向;C. operation操作,手术;D. option选择。结合语境可知,此处指作者
想要避免穿错鞋这种情况,故选A。
35.考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. besides此外;B. moreover而且;C. instead相反;D. otherwise否则。
根据上文“how much I wanted to disappear and avoid”和“I was determined to face it”可知,前后句是相反的
情况,作者想要避免这样的情况,但是决定去面对它,故选C。
36.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我走进教室,向同学们宣布我穿了两双不同的鞋,并把他们的注意力引到
我的脚上。A. shouted大喊;B. appealed呼吁;C. called打电话;D. announced宣布。根据“to the students”
可知,此处指作者作为老师向同学们宣布自己穿错了鞋,故选D。
37.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. beautiful美丽的;B. fancy精致的,奢华的;C. different不同的;
D. colorful多彩的。根据上文“I was quite ___1___ wearing a different pair of shoes”可知,作者穿了两双鞋中
的各一只,故选C。
38.考查名词词义辨析。句意:多年以后,那个班里的一个学生告诉我,那是她第一次想到也许,只是也
许,她也可以成为一名教授。A. worker工人;B. teacher老师;C. student学生;D. peer同龄人。结合上文
“to the students that I was wearing two shoes…”以及空后“in that class”可知,作者告诉同学们自己穿错了鞋,
此处指班里其中一个学生听完后想到自己以后也可以成为教授,故选C。
39.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我分享了我的错误,因为我意识到试图隐藏它会削弱我专注于教学的能力
——但我不知道这也有助于缩短我和学生之间的心理距离。A. shared分享;B. made制作;C. avoided避免;
D. corrected纠正。结合上文“I walked into class and ___6___ to the students that…”可知,作者向同学们分享
了自己的错误,故选A。40.考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. physical身体的;B. psychological心理的;C. critical关键的;D.
economical经济的。根据上文“ ...told me that this was the moment she first thought that...”
可知,作者分享错误后,一个学生告诉作者她一次感觉自己也可以成为教授,故此处指缩短了自己和学生
之间心理上的距离,故选B。
41.考查动词词义辨析。句意:很多情况下,人们会因为犯错而受到惩罚或羞辱。A. recognize识别;B.
stop停止;C. help帮助;D. punish惩罚。根据“shame people for making mistakes”可知,犯错误应是会受惩
罚,故选D。
42.考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们努力避免犯错是因为我们渴望成功,以及别人对我们的错误的反应。
A. result from由于;B. come out出现,出版;C. give off释放,放出;D. take on呈现。结合句意可知,空
后表示原因,因为我们渴望成功,所以我们努力避免犯错,故选A。
43.考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果我们确实犯了一些错误,我们可能会感到自我批评和羞耻。A. self-
control自我控制;B. self-respect自我尊重;C. self-confidence自信;D. self-criticism自我批评。空处和
“shame”并列,所以指我们犯错时会自我批评,感到羞愧,故选D。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,犯错误是学习新事物的一部分,它可以拉近我们与他人的距离。A.
draw拉(动),(向某个方向)移动;B. force强迫;C. push推;D. affect影响。结合空后的“us closer to
others”可知,此处指犯错能拉近我们与别人的距离,故选A。
45.考查动词词义辨析。句意:它开启了欣然接受错误的可能性,让我们更开放,更专注于我们正在做的
事情。A. clears清理;B. opens打开;C. turns翻转;D. uses使用。根据“letting us be more open”可知,它
开启了欣然接受错误的可能性,故选B。
(2023上·上海浦东新·高三统考期末)A skywell, or "tian jing", is a typical feature of a traditional home in
China. 46 a northern Chinese courtyard, or “yuan zi”a skywell is smaller and less exposed to the outdoor
environment. They are 47 seen in homes dating to Ming and Qing dynasties, which were designed to 48
different generations of relatives.
Although a skywell's size and design vary from region to region, it is always rectangular and located in the
Core of a house, either 49 by rooms on four sides or three sides plus a wall. Skywells were designed to
cool buildings before air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor
space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often cooler than indoor air, the 50 breeze travels down
the walls to the lower storeys and create air 51 by replacing warmer indoor air, which rises and leaves
through the opening.
The main purpose of a skywell is to allow in light, improve ventilation (通风) and 52 rainwater. InHuizhou, a skywell is small but tall, and the rooms around it can 53 sunlight on hot days, enabling the
bottom of the skywell to stay cool. 54 hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening
above the skywell, which“works just like a 55 ”
As a(n) 56 space between indoor life and the outdoor environment, a skywell acts as an effective
heat buffer(缓冲)to shield residents from the hot air outside. But the largest part of skywell's cooling effect actually
comes when there are bodies of water in the enclosure.
Evaporated water cools hot air, a process known as evaporative cooling which is 57 in Huizhou
skywells. In the past, Huizhou families collected rainwater in their skywells because they believed this could
safeguard and boost their wealth. Skywells therefore have channels around them to 58 rainwater coming
from the roofs.
Though existing in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who
prefer modern 59 . Over the past two decades, however, due to a 60 of traditional Chinese
architecture, skywell buildings have been making a comeback.
46.A.Parallel with B.Different from C.Close to D.Symbolic of
47.A.commonly B.rarely C.apparently D.currently
48.A.bind B.gather C.house D.honor
49.A.enclosed B.separated C.accompanied D.replaced
50.A.calming B.refreshing C.incoming D.upcoming
51.A.pollution B.pressure C.current D.circulation
52.A.promise B.harvest C.stop D.process
53.A.block out B.bathe in C.allow for D.let out
54.A.Nevertheless B.Meanwhile C.Similarly D.Rather
55.A.well B.column C.chimney D.ceiling
56.A.ideal B.leisure C.alternative D.transition
57.A.well-reflected B.well-shaded C.well-developed D.well-organized
58.A.collect B.purify C.drain D.evaporate
59.A.techniques B.facilities C.styles D.inventions
60.A.reunion B.reminder C.renewal D.rearrangement
【答案】46.B 47.A 48.C 49.A 50.C 51.D 52.B 53.A 54.B
55.C 56.D 57.A 58.C 59.B 60.C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了天井这一传统结构的起源和发展,阐述了天井的实际功能,并表明了在当今中国传统建筑恢复存在的背景下,天井又开始出现在人们视野当中。
46.考查形容词短语辨析。句意:与中国北方的庭院或“院子”不同,天井更小,更少暴露在户外环境中。
A. Parallel with与……平行;B. Different from与……不同;C. Close to离……近;D. Symbolic of……的象
征。根据上文“A skywell, or "tian jing", is a typical feature of a traditional home in China.”以及下文“a skywell
is smaller and less exposed to the outdoor environment.”可知天井与北方庭院不同。故选B项。
47.考查副词词义辨析。句意:它们常见于明清时期的房屋中,这些房屋是为不同世代的亲属而设计的。
A. commonly通常地;B. rarely很少地;C. apparently明显地;D. currently目前。根据下文“Though
existing in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they have often been forgotten by people who prefer
modern 14 .”可知天井在中国存在了数百年,进而可推知天井常见于明清时期的房屋中。故选A项。
48.考查动词词义辨析。句意:它们常见于明清时期的房屋中,这些房屋是为不同世代的亲属而设计的。
A. bind结合;B. gather聚集;C. house容纳D. honor荣誉。根据下文“Because outdoor air is often cooler
than indoor air, the 5 breeze travels down the walls to the lower storeys and create air 6 by replacing warmer
indoor air, which rises and leaves through the opening.”可知有天井的房屋是有多层结构的,可推知房屋可容
纳几代人。故选C项。
49.考查动词词义辨析。句意:尽管天井的大小和设计因地区而异,但它始终是矩形的,位于房屋的核心,
要么由四面的房间包围,要么由三面加一堵墙包围。A. enclosed包围;B. separated分离;C. accompanied
伴随;D. replaced替代。根据下文“or three sides plus a wall”可知天井被四面包围。故选A项。
50.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因为室外空气通常比室内空气凉爽,所以进来的微风沿着墙壁传播到较
低的楼层,并通过取代温暖的室内空气来创造空气循环,室内空气通过开口上升和离开。A. calming令人
冷静的;B. refreshing清新的;C. incoming进来的;D. upcoming即将到来的。根据前文“Because outdoor
air is often cooler than indoor air”可知进来的是凉爽的风。故选C项。
51.考查名词词义辨析。句意:因为室外空气通常比室内空气凉爽,所以进来的微风沿着墙壁传播到较低
的楼层,并通过取代温暖的室内空气来创造空气循环,室内空气通过开口上升和离开。A. pollution污染;
B. pressure压力;C. current目前的;D. circulation循环。根据前文“outdoor air is often cooler than indoor
air”以及后文“replacing warmer indoor air, which rises and leaves through the opening.”可知凉爽的风进来,温
暖的风出去,构成循环。故选D项。
52.考查动词词义辨析。句意:天井的主要用途是采光,改善通风并收集雨水。A. promise承诺;B.
harvest收获;C. stop阻止;D. process处理。根据下文“In the past, Huizhou families collected rainwater in
their skywells because they believed this could safeguard and boost their wealth.”可知天井的作用是可以收集雨
水。故选B项。53.考查动词短语辨析。句意:在惠州,天井虽小但很高,周围的房间可以挡住在炎热日子里的阳光照射,
使天井底部保持凉爽。A. block out封锁,遮挡;B. bathe in沐浴在……中;C. allow for考虑到;D. let out
放出。根据下文“enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool”可知天井挡住阳光照射,因此使得天井底部
保持凉爽。故选A项。
54.考查副词词义辨析。句意:与此同时,房子里的热空气可以上升并通过天井上方的开口排出,天井
“就像烟囱一样工作”。A. Nevertheless然而;B. Meanwhile同时;C. Similarly相似地;D. Rather相当地。
根据下文“hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell”可知,天井阻挡阳
光照射和凉热空气循环是同时进行的。故选B项。
55.考查名词词义辨析。句意:与此同时,房子里的热空气可以上升并通过天井上方的开口排出,天井
“就像烟囱一样工作”。A. well井;B. column栏杆;C. chimney烟囱;D. ceiling天花板。根据前文“hot
air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell”可知热空气上升通过天井排放,
这种工作原理与烟囱相似。故选C项。
56.考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为室内生活和室外环境之间的过渡空间,天井起到了有效的热缓冲作用
以保护居民免受室外热空气的影响。A. ideal理想;B. leisure闲暇时光;C. alternative选择;D. transition过
渡。根据后文“a skywell acts as an effective heat buffer(缓冲)to shield residents from the hot air outside”可知,
天井是一个过渡空间,起到了缓冲作用保护居民免受室外热空气的影响。故选D项。
57.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:蒸发水冷却热空气,这一过程被称为蒸发冷却,得到了很好的反响。A.
well-reflected反响良好的;B. well-shaded遮荫良好的;C. well-developed发展良好的;D. well-organized组
织良好的。根据后文“Over the past two decades, however, due to a 15 of traditional Chinese architecture,
skywell buildings have been making a comeback.”可知天井建筑是收到良好反响的,正在卷土重来。故选A项。
58.考查动词词义辨析。句意:因此,天井周围有排水沟,用来排出屋顶的雨水。A. collect收集;B.
purify净化;C. drain排水; D. evaporate蒸发。根据前文“In the past, Huizhou families collected rainwater in
their skywells because they believed this could safeguard and boost their wealth.”以及转折词however可知后句
与前句构成对立关系,可推知现在不再收集雨水,而是将雨水排出。故选C项。
59.考查名词词义辨析。句意:尽管它们在中国已经存在了数百年,但近年来,它们经常被那些喜欢现代
化设施的人遗忘。A. techniques技术;B. facilities设施;C. styles风格;D. inventions发明。根据后文
“Over the past two decades, however, due to a 15 of traditional Chinese architecture, skywell buildings have
been making a comeback.”可知天井正在卷土重来,以及前句“forgotten by people who prefer modern 14 ”可
知天井被喜欢现代化设施的人遗忘。故选B项。
60.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,在过去的二十年里,由于中国传统建筑的更新,天井建筑正在卷土重来。A. reunion重聚;B. reminder提醒;C. renewal恢复;D. rearrangement重新安排。根据后文“skywell
buildings have been making a comeback”可知天井正在卷土重来,是因为过去二十年里,中国传统建筑开始
恢复在人们视野当中了。故选C项。