文档内容
专题 17 夹叙夹议类完形填空(解析版)
完形填空是语言知识运用的第一节,共 20小题,每小题1.5分。在一篇约250词的短文中留出20
个空白,要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完
整。
分析全国卷近三年的考点分布可以看出,语法填空考点设置有如下特点:
1.题材以记叙文为主, 记叙文有时会夹叙夹议,偶尔考说明文或议论文;
2.篇章主题为人与自然,人与社会;
3.考点涉及句内层次、句间层次和语篇层次,以句内和句间层次为主,侧重考察上下文理解和词语
的辨析。
分析近年的考点分布可以看出:语法填空考察选型词以实词为主,其中名词、动词是考察重点,其次
是形容词和副词,词组短语也是常考, A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四个选项分布是均等的。
一、完形填空思维导图1. 考试方向
夹叙夹议文体就是一方面叙述某一事情,一方面又对此事加以分析与评论。这种表达方式中的叙与议
是一个有机的整体,“叙”是“议”的基础,即议论不能脱离记叙,必须在记叙的基础上展开;“议”是
“叙”的渗透,即议论在记叙的基础上发展,且有一定的深度与广度。二者水乳交融,互为一体。
这种文体的语言既有记叙文的特点:借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物
的情态及其发展过程,用以表现作者思想,抒发作者情感;时态以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅;广泛
使用动态动词;适当运用直接引语。同时又具有议论文的语言个性:语言自然、客观、准确,逻辑性强,
且具有概括性。在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等
情态动词。
2. 试题解读
夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的,也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意
深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育
意义。作者首先叙述一件事,在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。
文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象,而后对此进行高层次评价,或由此
引发一种深层次思考,具有记叙与议论的双重性,文情并茂,发人深思。解题时,应借助上下文乃至全文
的语境揣摩作者的心境,及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相连的语篇,因此,在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的
复现、前后同义或反义、相互照应等现象。所以,解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索,如某一个词的原词、
指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。完形填空的解题方法很多,而词汇复现法就是最
常见的方法之一。词汇复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、同根词复现、概括词复现以及结构复现等。
3. 得分要点
【得分要点】
一、关注首句,领会大意
通过首句可以明确文章话题,了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔,通过尾句
一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。
例:
From my second grade on, there was one event I feared every year: the piano recital(独奏会)和尾句的With his
first recital, my father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30plus
years ago.表明了文章的主旨:作者本来很反感弹钢琴,但是父亲的行为感动了自己。作者认为他的实际行
动比30多年以前说的话更有感染力。
二、注重语境,理清行文逻辑
夹叙夹议文以叙述为主,绝大部分篇幅是在描述事件,而作者的观点及态度往往隐含在叙述中,这就
要求考生增强语篇意识,抓住文章的叙事线索,弄清文章的内在逻辑关系,根据上下文内容做出选择,并
适当进行逻辑推理是解题的关键。
三、找准标志词,弄清故事发展模式
夹叙夹议文通常使用对比、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。考生应注意观察文章的结
构特点,根据表达这些手段的衔接词来正确理解故事情节。
常见标志词有:(1)并列关系:and,not only...but also,that is to say等;(2)因果关系:because,for,
so that,in order that,due to,thanks to,thus,therefore,so等;(3)对比关系:while,whereas,as,rather
than,instead of等;(4)转折关系:although,though,even if,nevertheless,despite,but,yet,however,
on the contrary等;(5)递进关系:also,then,besides,in addition,furthermore,what’s more等;(6)顺序关
系:first,then,on the one hand等;(7)转变话题:by the way,what I really mean...等。
二、高考真题一、2022年高考真题
1.【2022年6月浙江卷】
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____16____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!”
Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He throws his arms and legs out
____17____ he were flying, his eyes wide with ____18____. His trust in me is ____19____ which is quite a nice
feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ____20____ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ____21____ , it will need more effort and
sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ____23____ relationship that it’s something
that can’t ____24____ to lose. Every time I _____25_____ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he
trusts me and feels _____26_____ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt ._____27_____ , teaching Jacky to
swim means he has to _____28_____ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his
doggy paddle lets him down.
_____29_____ in the workplace, trust is important for strong _____30_____ . It is something that every
manager should work hard to _____31_____ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to
_____32_____ your directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A _____33_____ of trust can
make people work against you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be
_____34_____ you their best. Good _____35_____, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
17. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
18. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
20. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
21. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name
23. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
24. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
25. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
26. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful
27. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example
28. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine29. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
30. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
31. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
32. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
33. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
34. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending
35. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education
【答案】16. C 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D
26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文/夹叙夹议。短文论述了信任的重要性。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A. deserve值
得;B. miss错过;C. love爱;D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知,孩子很喜欢被抛到空
中并被抓住。故选C项。
【17题详解】
考查连词短语词义辨析。句意:他伸出胳膊和腿,好像在飞,他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. as
if 好像;B. in case以防;C. even though即使;D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知,本句为虚拟语
气,好像在飞。故选A项。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他伸出胳膊和腿,好像在飞,他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A. fear害
怕;B. excitement兴奋;C. doubt怀疑;D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs out
2 he were flying,”可知,他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他对我的信任是绝对的,这是一种很好的感觉,但同时也给了我巨大
的责任感。A. reasonable合理的;B. limited有限的;C. absolute完全的,绝对的;D. important重要的。根
据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知,孩子要求一次次被仍向空中,由此可知,他对父亲是完全信任的。故
选C项。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对我的信任是绝对的,这是一种很好的感觉,但同时也给了我巨大的
责任感。A. relief宽慰;B. satisfaction满意;C. achievement成就;D. responsibility责任。结合语境,此处
指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任,即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我希望杰基能永远完全信任我,但我知道,随着他长大,这需要我付
出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的;B. busier较为忙的;C. quieter较安静的;D. healthier
较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知,随着他长大,这需要
作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。【22题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:我希望杰基能永远完全信任我,但我知道,随着他长大,这需要我
付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我;B. on my part就我来说;C. in my honor以我的
名誉;D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系,所以需要“我”付出更多努力和做
出正确的判断。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分,它是一种不能失去的东西。A.
long-distance长途的;B. high-risk高风险的;C. parent-child父母子女的;D. teacher-student师生的。本段在
探讨作者与儿子之间的关系,所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分,它是一种不能失去的东西。A.
afford支付得起;B. choose选择;C. wait等待;D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part of
a ____8____ relationship”可知,它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:每次我给杰克介绍新东西,他都会去做,只是因为他相信我,觉得安
全,因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上;B. compare对比;C. adjust调整; D. introduce介绍。根
据下文“to something new”可知,作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:每次我给杰克介绍新东西,他都会去做,只是因为他相信我,觉得安
全,因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的;B. happy快乐的;C. proud自豪的; D. grateful感激的。
根据上文“he trusts me”可知,只是因为他相信作者,觉得安全。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:例如,教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果
他溺水,我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是;B. In addition除此之外;C. At first首先;D. For
example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知,作者在举例子。故
选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:例如,教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果他溺
水,我能去救他。A. admit承认;B. believe相信;C. suggest建议;D. imagine想象。根据上文“because hetrusts me”可知,教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时,如果他溺水,作者能去救他。这是
父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:同样,在工作场所,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. However然
而;B. Therefore因此;C. Similarly相似地;D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移到职场,所
以同样,在工作场所,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:同样,在工作场所,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A. affection感
情;B. determination决定;C. friendship友谊;D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something that every
manager”可知,信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估;B.
organize组织;C. develop发展,培养;D. understand理解。根据常识可知,信任需要培养。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果人们不信任你,他们就不太可能听从你的指示,并不愿意成为忠诚
的团队成员。A. repeat重复;B. follow跟随;C. change改变; D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people don’t
trust you”可知,人们不信任你,他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏信任会让人们与你作对,而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势;B. measure
测量;C. bond纽带;D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知,缺乏
信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:至少,这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉;B. giving
给;C. selling卖;D. sending发送。其他人不信任你,所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:好的管理,就像好的育儿一样,是一种长期的承诺。A. management管
理;B. personality个性;C. communication交流;D. education教育。根据上文“in the workplace”以及
“manager”客户,作者在说管理。故选A项。
2.【2022年全国乙卷】Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly
exciting about ___41___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___42___ at hiding. They often cover only
their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___43___.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___44___ as evidence that children are hopelessly
“egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___45___ research results in child developmental psychology
___46___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat down
with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___48___. We then asked the child if she could ___49___ or hear the
adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ____50____ happened when the adult covered
her own mouth: ____51____ children said that they couldn’t ____52____ to her.
A number of ____53____ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results
were clear: Our young subjects ____54____ the questions and knew ____55____ what was asked of them. Their
____56____ to the questions reflected their true ____57____ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.”
They simply ____58____ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ____59____ suggest when a child
“hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method
____60____ when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
【答案】
41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. B
52. A 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文/夹叙夹议。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们捉迷藏时,只遮住自己的眼睛并
不是自我中心主义的结果,而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:对他们来说,避开别人的目光,让自己无法被别人看到,这是一件非常令
人兴奋的事情。A. following跟随;B. taking取走;C. escaping避开;D. directing指导。根据上文“Young
children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知,儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏,避开别人的目光。
故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:然而,我们都看到学龄前儿童非常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的;B.
bad不擅长的;C. scared害怕的;D. quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands,
leaving the rest of their bodies”可知,儿童不擅长隐藏,be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某事”。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们通常只用手遮住眼睛,其余的身体暴露在外。A. exposed无遮蔽的;
B. examined已检查过的;C. untouched未受影响的;D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上文“They often cover
only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知,儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛,身体的其余
部分无遮蔽,是暴露在外的。故选A项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:长期以来,这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心”
生物的证据。A. supported支持;B. guaranteed保证;C. imagined想象;D. interpreted解释。根据下文“asevidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知,此处表示这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为证
据,证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。
A. disappointing令人失望的;B. mixed混合的;C. surprising令人惊讶的;D. desired渴望的。根据下文
“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”以及“Our 1 9 suggest when a
child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.”可知,研究结果与之前的观点
相矛盾,所以研究结果是令人惊讶的。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:但我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾。A.
explained解释;B. confirmed证实;C. contradicted相矛盾;D. tested测试。根据下文“Our 19 suggest
when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider
this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知,研究结果与之前的观点是相矛盾的。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起,成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.
parent父母亲;B. child儿童;C. researcher研究员;D. doctor医生。根据上文“We brought young children
aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,儿童参加实验,此处表示每个儿童和一个成年人
坐在一起。故选B项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起,成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A.
feet脚;B. nose鼻子;C. hands手;D. ears耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知,实验中,儿童被询问
是否能听到成年人的声音,所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后我们问儿童是否能看到或听到成年人的声音。A. see看见;B. help帮
助;C. reach到达;D. fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的
眼睛,所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时,同样的事情发生了:此刻孩子们说他们不能
和她说话。A. event大事;B. thing事情;C. action行动;D. accident事故。根据下文“children said that theycouldn’t _12_ to her.”可知,此处表示同样的事情发生了,孩子们表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人说话了。故选
B项。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时,同样的事情发生了:此刻孩子们说他们不能
和她说话。A. Yet然而;B. Now此刻;C. Soon很快;D. Once一次。根据语境,此处表示当成年人捂住自
己的嘴时,这时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当成年人捂住她自己的嘴时,同样的事情发生了:此刻孩子们说他们不能
和她说话。A. speak说;B. listen听;C. turn转;D. wave挥手。根据上文“when the adult covered her own
mouth”可知,此处孩子们表示他们不能和成年人说话了。故选A项。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令;B.
descriptions说明;C. experiments实验;D. assumptions假设。根据语境,此处表示上文中的许多实验排除
了孩子们会误解问题这一情况。故选C项。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:结果很清楚:我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题,并且确切地知道他们被
问到了什么。A. comprehended理解;B. predicted预测;C. explored探索;D. ignored忽略。根据下文“the
questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知,儿童理解了问题,并能确切地知道自己被问了什么。
故选A项。
【55题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意:结果很清楚:我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题,并且确切地知道他们被
问到了什么。A. partly部分地;B. honestly诚实地;C. vaguely含糊地;D. exactly确切地。根据下文“what
was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知,孩子们确切地知道自己被问
了什么,他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法:“只有你也能看到我,我
才能看到你。”A. responses回答;B. approaches方法;C. contribution贡献;D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下
文“to the questions”可知,此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
【57题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法:“只有你也能看到我,我
才能看到你。”A. ability能力;B. belief看法;C. identity身份;D. purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you
only if you can see me, too.”可知,此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意:他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻止;B. relate to有关联;C.
insist on坚持;D. make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知,孩子们的看法体
现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们的研究结果表明,当孩子在头上盖一条毯子“隐藏”时,这并不是自
我中心主义的结果。A. limitations限制;B. requirements必要条件;C. theories理论;D. findings调查发现。
根据上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知,此处表示实
验的研究结果表明孩子的“隐藏”并不是自我中心主义的结果。故选D项。
【60题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:事实上,当其他人使用这种方法时,孩子们认为它是有效的。A.
tentative实验性的;B. impressive令人印象深刻的;C. creative创造性的;D. effective有效的。根据上文
“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知,孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重,所以当其他人
使用这种方法时,孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
二、2021年高考真题
1.【2021年6月浙江卷】
My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 1 and
visit the doctor, providing 2 and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a
nearby store to 3 some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she
was 4 about three dollars. The only 5 to pay for the groceries was to take off the 6 she
could do without: a bottle of nubbing alcohol(医用酒精)and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was
able to 7 the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
At this store, people 8 and then go off to the side to 9 their own groceries. My mother was
putting her groceries into shopping bags when a 10 came up her and said. "Here are the things thatyou 11 , " handing her the rubbing alcohol and the 12 . My mother, who is never speechless,
was speechless. She 13 for the woman's name and address so that she could 14 her. The
woman told her it was her 15 .
My mothet was so 16 by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier
(收银员)a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 17 the same happened to someone else if they didn't
have enough 18 for all of their groceries.
So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of 19 that not only helped my mother out,
but 20 too.
1.A.exercise B.housework C.cooking D.shopping
2.A.reward B.medicine C.company D.shelter
3.A.return B.collect C.order D.buy
4.A.short B.cautious C.wrong D.concerned
5.A.aim B.way C.advice D.reason
6.A.weight B.things C.mask D.glasses
7.A.raise B.add C.bring D.switch
8.A.showup B.callin C.checkout D.sitdown
9.A.store B.select C.deliver D.bag
10.A.stranger B.cashier C.friend D.doctor
11.A.lookedfor B.talkedabout C.threwaway D.putback
12.A.receipt B.soap C.cash D.bottle
13.A.asked B.waited C.cared D.searched
14.A.repay B.trust C.recognize D.help
15.A.luck B.chance C.gift D.turn
16.A.surprised B.amused C.touched D.convinced
17.A.incase B.evenif C.asthough D.sothat
18.A.energy B.money C.space D.time
19.A.faith B.courage C.kindness D.honor
20.A.madeherday B.changedhermind C.caughthereye D.metherdemand
【文章大意】本文是一篇温情小故事:“我”的母亲在商店买东西结账时,随身带的钱不够, 一位
陌生女士善意帮忙,母亲决心把这份爱心传递了下去。
【解析】【1 题详解】D考查名词辨析。A. exercise 运动; B. housework 家务; C. cooking烹饪; D.
shopping购物。根据下一句 "但是在周中,她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西" 可知,我带母亲
去购物(规律性的较大型采买)和看医生,故选D。
【2 题详解】C考查名词辨析。A. reward报酬; B. medicine药品; C. company陪伴; D. shelter庇
护,避难所。根据句意可知我带母亲是去购物和看医生,因此我提供的只能是陪伴和交通。易错项:注意
providing作为伴随状语,其主语为句子主语I,而非doctor。故选C。
【3 题详解】D考查动词辨析。A. return返回; B. collect收集; C. order命令,下单; D. buy购
买。
根据句意 "但是在周中,她喜欢去附近的商店买一些她需要的小东西" 可知是 "购买",故选D。
【4 题详解】A考查形容词辨析。A. short短的,不足的,缺乏的; B. cautious谨慎小心的; C.
wrong错的; D. concerned担心的,关心的。根据句意和下文可知母亲在购物结账时(when she went to
pay…),发现差三元钱,short表示 "不足,缺少的",故选A。
【5 题详解】B 考查名词辨析。A. aim目标; B. way方式; C. advice建议; D. reason理由。根据
句意 "支付这些货品唯一的方式是拿掉一些可以不买的东西" 可知是pay的方式,故选B。
【6 题详解】B考查名词辨析。A. weight重量;B. things东西;C. mask面具,口罩;D. glasses眼
镜,玻璃杯。根据句意 "支付这些货品唯一的方式是拿掉一些可以不买的东西" 可知此处是去掉一些 "东
西",故选B。
【7 题详解】C考查动词辨析。A. raise提高,筹集;养育;B. add添加;C. bring带来;使处于某种
情况;把……移到;D. switch改变;转换。根据句意 "…她能让新的总额到达她随身携带的现金额" 可知
是 "使total到达一个值",故选C。
【8 题详解】C考查动词词组辨析。A. show up出现,露面;B. call in召来,拜访;C. check out结账
离开;D. sit down坐下。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是 "结账",故选
C。
【9 题详解】D考查动词辨析。A. store储存;B. select选择;C. deliver递送;D. bag把……装入袋
中。根据句意 "人们结账后然后离开到一边去装包自己的物品" 可知是把买来的东西装袋,故选D。
【10 题详解】A考查名词辨析。A. stranger陌生人;B. cashier收银员;C. friend朋友;D. doctor医
生。根据下文(13空所在的句子)可知母亲问这位女士的姓名和地址,好去还钱;证明母亲不认识这位女
士,因此选择陌生人,故选A。【11 题详解】 D考查动词词组辨析。A. looked for寻找;B. talked about谈论;C. threw away扔掉;
D. put back放回。根据句意 "这是你……的东西",递给母亲的正是她刚刚去掉(即放回商店)的医用酒精
和肥皂,可知是填 "放回去" ,故选D。
【12 题详解】B考查名词辨析。A. receipt收据;B. soap肥皂;C. cash现金;D. bottle瓶子。根据句
意 "递给母亲的正是医用酒精和……" 并结合上文可知,正是6空所在句子中提到的酒精和肥皂,故选
B。
【13 题详解】A考查动词辨析。A. asked问;B. waited等待;C. cared关心,在意;D. searched寻
找。根据句意 "她问这位女士的姓名和地址,好来还钱" 可知是询问,故选A。
【14 题详解】A考查动词辨析。A. repay 归还,偿还;B. trust 信任;C. recognize 认出;D. help 帮
助。根据句意可知母亲询问女士的姓名地址以便把钱归还给她。故选A。
【15 题详解】C考查名词辨析。A. luck 运气;B. chance 机会,可能性;C. gift 礼物;D. turn (轮
流的)机会。根据上下文可知,母亲想要把钱会给她,但是她拒绝了,因此此处意为:这是送你的(礼
物)。故选C。
【16 题详解】 C考查形容词辨析。A. surprised 惊讶的;B. amused 逗乐的;C. touched 感动的;D.
convinced 坚信的。空格后的her gesture指的是上文陌生人的好心帮助,由此可知母亲的情感为 "感动
的"。故选C。
【17 题详解】A考查连词辨析。A. in case 万一;B. even if 即使;C. as though 好像;D. so that 以
至于。根据句意:母亲决定给收银员5美元,万一别人也遇到同样的事情,也就是上文母亲遇到的买东西
时钱不够的情况。故选A。
【18 题详解】B考查名词辨析。A. energy 能量;B. money 金钱;C. space 空间;D. time 时间。根
据句意:没有足够的钱买下所有的东西。故选B。
【19 题详解】C考查名词辨析。A. faith 信念;B. courage 勇气;C. kindness 善良;D. honor 荣
耀。根据上文这位陌生人对母亲的帮助可知此处为 "感谢你的善良举动"。故选C。
【20 题详解】A考查词组辨析。A. made her day 使她心情愉悦; B. changed her mind 改变她的想
法; C. caught her eye 吸引她的眼球;D. met her demand 满足她的要求。根据句意可知陌生人的善意不仅
帮助了我们母亲,同时也使她心情愉悦。故选A。
2.【2021年6月全国甲卷】It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the
Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was 1 at the hotel on business and planning to 2 some friends in the area. They
had asked him to 3 some pepperoni(辣香肠) from back east. So he 4 a suitcase full of
pepperoni. As he was 5 that it would be too warm, he 6 it out on the table near an open
window. He thought his pepperoni was 7 and well chilled(冷却) and he 8 .
That's when things went 9 Eyy temenier walking down the long 10 and opening the door
to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls, " Burchill said in a recent letter of 11 to the 4-star
hotel.“The seagulls immediately went 12 They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying
to 13 at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were
falling down, It was a real 14 ."
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞). “I
have 15 and I admit responsibility for my 16 , " he said in the letter. “I come to you, 17 ,
to apologize for the damage I had 18 caused and to ask you to 19 my lifetime ban from the
hotel."
His letter 20 . Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the
Fairmont said.
1.A.studying B.staying C.looking D.packing
2.A.visit B.help C.follow D.make
3.A.sell B.have C.bring D.taste
4.A.filled B.locked C.abandoned D.lost
5.A.surprised B.pleased C.excited D.worried
6.A.dug B.cleared C.cut D.laid
7.A.delicious B.safe C.soft D.ready
8.A.left B.nodded C.waited D.regretted
9.A.far B.funny C.wrong D.blind
10.A.beach B.driveway C.hall D.table
11.A.application B.apology C.request D.invitation
12.A.hungry B.dead C.missing D.wild
13.A.wake up B.get out C.take off D.break in
14.A.mess B.puzzle C.fight D.challenge15.A.recovered B.retired C.escaped D.matured
16.A.suffering B.plans C.madness D.actions
17.A.hands in pockets B.nose in the air C.hat in hand D.feet on the ground
18.A.indirectly B.deliberately C.cautiously D.secretly
19.A.replace B.remember C.reconsider D.renew
20.A.arrived B.worked C.ended D.disappeared
【文章大意】本文是记叙文,文章讲述了主人公酒店出差住店时的一次不愉快经历。主人公住酒店
时,拿出来的香肠吸引了鸽子,而让宾馆收到损失。最后事情得到了圆满解决,主人公又再次成为宾馆的
座上宾,宾馆也欢迎他随时回来。
【解析】
【1 题详解】D考查动词。根据下文 "a suitcase full of pepperoni" 和 "he 26 it out on the table near
an open window" 可知,Burchill装了满满一箱子的腊肠,因为担心太热,温度过高,他把香肠放到窗户的
桌子上,一遍香肠可以冷却。由此可以推断他当时正在酒店收拾行李。A. studying 学习,研究B. staying
待着C. looking看 D. packing打包,故选D。
【2 题详解】A考查动词。根据下文 "They had asked him to 23 some pepperoni(辣香肠) from
back east." 可知他的朋友叫他带点香肠给他们,所以这里应该是他去拜访朋友或者看望朋友。A. visit拜访
B. help 帮助C. follow追随 D. make 交朋友。故选A。
【3 题详解】C考查动词。根据上文,they 只带朋友,所以这里应该是让他带一些香肠过去。A. sell
卖 B. have 拥有C. bring 带来D. taste 品尝。故选C。
【4 题详解】A考查动词。前面是bring在根据上文,Burchill正在打包,所以这里应该是把箱子填
满了香肠。A. filled 填满 B. locked 锁上C. abandoned 放弃D. lost丢失。故选A。
【5 题详解】D考查形容词、副词。根据本句 "too warm" 所以这里应该是Burchill担心太热。A.
surprised 吃惊的 B. pleased 高兴的 C. excited 兴奋的 D. worried担忧的。故选D。
【6 题详解】 D考查动词。根据后问 "out on" 应该是他把香肠拿出来放到桌子上。A. dug
挖 B. cleared 清理 C. cut 剪断,切 D. laid放置。故选D。
【7 题详解】B考查形容词、副词。他认为他的香肠会_____, 会冷却,所以他_____.这里应该是他
觉得放在桌子上没问题,所以他离开了。A. delicious美味的 B. safe安全的 C. soft柔软
的 D. ready准备好的。故选B。【8 题详解】A考查动词。他认为他的香肠会_____, 会冷却,所以他_____.这里应该是他觉得放在
桌子上没问题,所以他离开了。A. left 离开 B. nodded 点头 C. waited 等
待 D. regretted 后悔。故选A。
【9 题详解】C考查形容词、副词。这里根据文章的首段,加拿大维多利亚州费尔蒙特皇后酒店
(Fairmont Empress Hotel)的尼克•伯奇尔(Nick Burchill)被列入黑名单,至少部分罪魁祸首应该是海边的鸟
儿。这里go wrong表示发生了意外。A. go far 成功,扬名 B. go funny 变得可笑
C. go wrong出错,出毛病 D.go blind 失明。故选C。
【10 题详解】C 考查名词。根据 "walking down the long 30__ and opening the door " 可以猜测这
里应该是回了酒店,所以只能是走过长长的酒店的走廊。A. beach 海滩 B. driveway 车道 C. hall
走廊(熟词生义)D. table 桌子。故选C。
【11 题详解】B考查名词。根据下文 "I come to you, 37 , to apologize for the damage I had " 可以
得知,这里应该是道歉。A. application申请B. apology道歉 C. request 请求 D. invitation 邀
请。故选B。
【12 题详解】D考查形容词、副词。根据下文 "They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying
to 33 at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere." 可知,海鸥应该是着急出去。A. go hungry 饥饿
的 B. go dead 死的;不起作用的 C. go missing 迷失的 D. go wild 疯狂的。故选D。
【13 题详解】B考查短语。这里应该是海鸥应该是着急出去。A. wake up 唤醒 B. get out
出去 C. take off 脱下;起飞 D. break in 闯入。故选B。
【14 题详解】A考查名词。根据前面 "The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down" 可
知,此时的状况应该是一团糟。A. mess 乱糟糟 B. puzzle 谜团 C. fight 斗
争 D. challenge 挑战。故选A。
【15 题详解】D考查动词。空格后面我承认我对此事有责任,根据上文 "Older and wiser now,
Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion伯奇尔年纪大了,也更聪明了,他把这件事归咎于年
轻人的轻率行为" 和下文 "to apologize for the damage" 可以推测此时我应该是成熟了,长大了。A.
recovered 恢复 B. retired 退休 C. escaped 逃跑 D. matured 成熟。故选D。
【16 题详解】 D考查名词。同上,应该是为我的行为感到道歉。A. suffering 遭受 B.
plans 计划 C. madness 疯狂 D. actions 行动。故选D。
【17 题详解】C考查短语。根据后文,为了道歉, 那么应该是毕恭毕敬的道歉。A. hands in pockets
两手抄兜B. nose in the air 目中无人 C. hat in hand 毕恭毕敬地 D. feet on the ground
脚踏实地。故选C。【18 题详解】A考查形容词、副词。根据 "had caused" 在根据前文他的过失,所以很容易得知这里
应该是无心之举。A. indirectly 间接地 B. deliberately 故意地 C. cautiously 小心谨慎
地 D. secretly 秘密地。故选A。
【19 题详解】C考查动词。根据 "my lifetime ban from the hotel" 应该是请求移除对我的黑明显限
制。 A. replace 代替B. remember 记得 C. reconsider 重新考虑 D. renew 更新。故选C。
【20 题详解】B考查动词。根据后文 "Burchill is now welcome to come back" 可知他现在已经不在黑
名单中了,所以他的道歉是起了作用的。 A. arrived 到达B. worked 工作 C. ended 以……结
束 D. disappeared 消失。故选B。
3.【2021年6月全国乙卷】
Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while
working as a 1 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had
a range of words that express different 2 of gratitude(感谢).
My thoughts were soon 3 . We had a woman patient who was 4 from a knee replacement
operation. One afternoon, while 5 to get into bed she collapsed ( 倒 下 ) from what
was 6 discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 7 the emergency medical
team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 8 , and was ready for discharge (出院)
after four weeks.
She was 9 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of
discharge, we shared in her 10 at her recovery. As she was 11 she was eager to
say 12 to each of us in the nursing team. When she 13 one nurse, she tried to press a five-
pound note into her hand. My colleague 14 to accept it, saying that we were all just 15 our job.
The patient looked puzzled, and then 16 : "Oh this isn't for the 17 I had. I take that as
a 18 . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday."
And there you have it. To many people, 19 lives is part of the job but styling hair is
an 20 and should be rewarded.
1. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
2. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
3. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
4. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering5. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
6. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
7. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
8. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
9. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
10. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
11. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
12. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
13. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
14. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
15. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
16. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
17. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
18. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
19. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building
20. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra
【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议的文章,文章讲述了作者是一名刚工作的护士,开始以为表达感谢很
简单,但一位病人病愈后的举动却让作者对表达感谢又有了更深一层的理解。
【解析】
【1 题详解】C考查名词辨析。句意:就在几周前当护士的时候,我在考虑这个问题。根据后文to
each of us in the nursing team可知,作者是一名护士。A. cleaner清洁工;B. chemist化学家;C. nurse护
士;D. doctor医生。故选C。
【2 题详解】A考查名词辨析。句意:然后我突然想到,如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激的词
语,那该有多好。分析题目可知,作者是要表达感激的不同程度。A. grades等级,制度;B. meanings意
思;C. needs需要;D. expectations预期,期待。故选A。
【3 题详解】B考查动词短语辨析。句意:我的想法很快就得到了验证。分析题目可知,下文是作
者的理论得到验证的过程。故选B。
【4 题详解】D考查动词辨析。句意:我们有一个女病人正从膝关节置换手术中恢复。根据下文But
she recovered可知,病人正在恢复。A. depart出发;B. escape逃脱;C. retire退休;D. recover恢复。故选
D。【5 题详解】A考查动词辨析。句意:一天下午,她试图上床睡觉时倒下了,最后被证实是心脏病
发作。分析题目可知,病人当时正试图上床睡觉。A. attempt尝试;B. choose选择;C. pause停顿;D.
promise许诺。故选A。
【6 题详解】A考查副词辨析。句意:一天下午,她试图上床睡觉时倒下了,最后被证实是心脏病
发作。分析题目可知,心脏病发作是后来确诊的。A. eventually最终地;B. fortunately幸运地;C. casually
随意地;D. secretly秘密地。故选A。
【7 题详解】B考查动词辨析。句意:这次倒下是灾难性的,需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。
分析题目可知,病人当时需要医疗护理。A. assess评估,评定;B. require需要;C. form形成;D. prove证
实。故选B。
【8 题详解】C考查副词辨析。句意:虽然恢复缓慢,但四周后她就可以出院了。分析题目可知,
病人恢复比较慢。A. slightly稍微;B. accidentally意外地;C. slowly慢地;D. happily高兴地。故选C。
【9 题详解】A考查形容词辨析。句意:她很感激医疗和护理团队为她所做的一切。分析题目可
知,病人当时应该是一种感恩的心情。A. grateful感激的;B. thoughtful深思的;C. sorrowful悲伤的;D.
fearful害怕的。故选A。
【10 题详解】B考查名词辨析。句意:在她出院的那天,我们分享了她康复的喜悦。分析题目可
知,病人康复出院是一件喜悦的事情。A. surprise惊讶;B. delight高兴;C. curiosity好奇;D.
disappointment失望。故选B。
【11 题详解】D考查动词辨析。句意:当她要离开的时候,她急切地想和我们护理小组的每个人说
再见。分析题目可知,病人要出院离开了。A. operate运转,操作;B. think思考;C. hesitate犹豫;D.
leave离开。故选D。
【12 题详解】C考查名词辨析。句意:当她要离开的时候,她急切地想和我们护理小组的每个人说
再见。分析题目可知,病人要跟护理小组告别。A. sorry对不起;B. hello你好;C. goodbye再见;D. yes是
的。故选C。
【13 题详解】A考查动词辨析。句意:当她走到一个护士跟前时,她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到
她手里。分析题目可知,病人是走到护士跟前。A. reach到达;B. consult咨询;C. introduc介绍;D.
persuade说服,劝说。故选A。
【14 题详解】D考查动词辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受,说我们只是在做自己的工作。分析题目
可知,我的同事应该是拒绝接受病人的钱。A. wish祝愿;B. pretend假装;C. fail失败;D. refuse拒绝。故
选D。【15 题详解】B考查动词辨析。句意:我的同事拒绝接受,说我们只是在做自己的工作。分析题目
可知,此处是指护士们只是做了自己的本职工作。A. enjoy喜爱;B. do做;C. secure获得;D. start开始。
故选B。
【16 题详解】C考查动词辨析。句意:病人看起来很困惑,然后回答说。分析题目可知,病人是在
回应护士的拒绝。A. repeat重复;B. recite背诵;C. reply回答;D. report报道。故选C。
【17 题详解】D考查名词辨析。句意:这不是为了我受到的照顾。分析题目可知,护士们之前应该
是照顾该病人。A. courage信心;B. patience耐心;C. duty责任心;D. care关心。故选D。
【18 题详解】B考查名词辨析。句意:我认为这是理所当然的。分析题目可知,病人认为护士们照
顾她是理所当然的。A. goal目标;B. give给予;C. push推;D. greet问候。故选B。
【19 题详解】C考查动词辨析。句意:对许多人来说,拯救生命是工作的一部分,但做发型是一项
额外的工作,应该得到奖励。分析题目可知,这里是指拯救病人的生命。A. risk冒……的风险;B. change
改变;C. save拯救;D. build建设。故选C。
【20 题详解】D考查名词辨析。句意:对许多人来说,拯救生命是工作的一部分,但做发型是一项
额外的工作,应该得到奖励。分析题目可知,这里是指做发型不属于护士的本职工作,是额外的。A.
honour荣誉;B. ability能力;C. opening开始,开端;D. extra额外的。故选D。
4.【2021年6月天津卷】
My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely 16 . By the
time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother 17 meditation (冥想),while I was a born18 who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply
didn't 19 .
I didn't 20 having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. 21 , I
threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be22 for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough
23 my noisy singing. So space to practise became a(n) 24 between us because we shared a room.
At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I 25 to
learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and26 practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother
27 quiet when I got home.
After two days of this, my brother asked me to 28 him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability
to manage this song 29 ,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back.
Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new 30 . I kept trying at the song, no
longer getting 31 at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to 32 power in
my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always geteverything 33 the first time and that good things come with continual 34 .I now understand why my
brother favours the 35 .
16.A.mature B.different C.content D.normal17.A.disliked B.preferred C.replaced D.abandoned
18.A.writer B.leader C.painter D.performer
19.A.get along B.drop by C.show off D.check in20.A.try B.mind C.enjoy D.delay
21.A.In particular B.In vain C.In return D.In theory
22.A.humorous B.ordinary C.competitive D.grateful23.A.above B.below C.near D.without
24.A.issue B.contrast C.agreement D.balance
25.A.struggled B.expected C.promised D.decided26.A.began B.allowed C.stopped D.continued
27.A.hated B.experienced C.accepted D.wanted
28.A.help B.invite C.join D.admire29.A.gracefully B.suddenly C.fiercely D.cautiously
30.A.limit B.sentence C.mistake D.philosophy
31.A.rude B.angry C.surprised D.excited32.A.lose B.share C.reduce D.maintain
33.A.wrong B.right C.back D.down
34.A.luck B.absence C.effort D.fear35.A.fight B.noise C.quiet D.safety
【答案】
16.B 17.B 18.D19.A 22.C 25.A
20.B 23.D 26.C
21.A 24.A 27.B28.C 31.B 34.C
29.A 32.D 35.C
30.D 33.B【分析】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者喜欢表演,哥哥喜欢冥想,二者性格爱好完全不同,关系紧张。在
作者遭遇失败时,哥哥教给他冥想,作者从中悟出了做事的哲理,取得了成功。【16 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我们看起来像双胞胎,但实际上我们是完全不同的。A.
mature成熟的;B. different不同的;C. content满意的;D. normal正常的。根据下文“my older brother
____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical,”哥哥喜欢冥想而作者喜
欢表演,前后对比可知二者性格不同。故选B。【17 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:到我们上中学的时候,很明显,我哥哥更喜欢冥想,而我
是一个天生的表演者,喜欢戏剧,即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢;B. preferred更喜欢;C. replaced取
代;D. abandoned抛弃,放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the
theatrical”和preferred呼应,可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。【18 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:到我们上中学的时候,很明显,我哥哥更喜欢冥想,而我
是一个天生的表演者,喜欢戏剧,即使是在舞台下。A. writer作家;B. leader领导者;C. painter画家;D.
performer表演者。根据“the theatrical ,even when off stage.”和下文的“in time for the trial performance”可知
作者喜欢表演。故选D。【19 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们就是合不来。A. get along相处,进展;B. drop by顺便
拜访;C. show off炫耀;D. check in登记,报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be offensive.”及下
文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同,作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒
犯,可知两人相处地不好,关系紧张。故选A。【20 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我不介意和我哥哥关系紧张,因为我在学校很忙。A. try试
图,努力;B. mind介意;C. enjoy欣赏,享受;D. delay推迟,延误。根据句中“because I was involved at
school.”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知在学校很忙,在家依然我行我素,并不介
意和哥哥的关系。故选B。【21 题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:特别是,我全身心地投入了音乐剧的世界。A. In particular
尤其,特别;B. In vain徒劳;C. In return作为回报;D. In theory理论上。根据上文“preferred the
theatrical”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知作者非常喜欢音乐。故选A。 22 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我每天在卧室里练习唱歌,以保持最佳状态,争取角色;我哥哥会坐在
靠窗的座位上冥想。A. humorous幽默的;B. ordinary普通的,平常的;C. competitive竞争的;D. grateful
感激的。根据“I practised singing in the bedroom every day” 作者每天练习,可知竞争很激烈。故选C。【23 题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意:就算没有我吵闹的歌声,他也会觉得高中已经够难的了。
A. above超过,在……之上;B. below在……下面;C. near在……附近;D. without没有。哥哥经常冥想,
作者认为即使没有自己吵闹的歌声,哥哥也会觉得高中很难。故选D。【24 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:所以练习的空间成了我们之间的问题,因为我们共用一个
房间。A. issue问题,发行;B. contrast对比,差异;C. agreement同意,一致;D. balance平衡。根据上文
“a tense relationship with my brother”和句中“we shared a room.”可知练习唱歌的空间是作者和哥哥之间的
问题。故选A。【25 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这是我第一次费劲地学歌,因为当我切换到头音时,我的
声音嘶哑了。A. struggled奋斗,努力;B. expected预期,盼望;C. promised允诺,许诺;D. decided决
定。根据“my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice”可知作者学歌很费劲。故选A。【26 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在那段时间里,我很恼火,停止了练习,宣称自己已经达
到了歌唱事业的顶峰。A. began开始;B. allowed允许,准许;C. stopped停止;D. continued继续。根据下
文“my brother ____12____ quiet when I got home.”家里安静了,可知作者停止了练习唱歌。故选C。【27 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我回家时,哥哥多年来第一次感到安静。A. hated厌恶;B.
experienced体验,经历;C. accepted接受;D. wanted想要。因为作者停止在家唱歌了,哥哥体验到了家里
的安静。故选B。【28 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这样过了两天,我哥哥要我和他一起冥想。A. help帮助;
B. invite邀请;C. join参加;D. admire钦佩。根据下文“I accepted”可知哥哥让作者和他一起冥想,作者同
意了。故选C。【29 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我觉得自己无法优美地驾驭这首歌很生气,于是就接受
了。A. gracefully优美地,优雅地;B. suddenly突然;C. fiercely猛烈地;D. cautiously谨慎地。根据下文
“I was able to ____17____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice.”可知作者想优美地驾驭这首
歌。故选A。【30 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我明白了这个意思,它很快就成为了我的新哲
学。A. limit限度;B. sentence句子,判决;C. mistake错误;D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“It wasimportant for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything ____18____ the first time and that good
things come with continual ____19____.”可知作者把哥哥的话作为自己的哲学。故选D。【31 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我一直试着唱这首歌,不再生自己的气了。A. rude粗鲁
的;B. angry生气的;C. surprised吃惊的;D. excited兴奋的。与上文“I was annoyed in that period和my
anger at my inability”呼应,可知作者开始因为自己唱不好生气,现在想明白了,不生气了。故选B。【32 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:就在试演的时候,尽管换了头音,我还是能保持唱歌的能
力。A. lose丢失;B. share分享;C. reduce减少;D. maintain保持。根据句中“was able to”和下文“good
things come with”可知作者成功保持了唱歌的能力。故选D。【33 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对我来说,重要的是要知道,你不必总是在第一次就把
每件事都做正确,好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. wrong错误的;B. right正确的;C. back后面
的;D. down情绪低落的。根据作者的经历和常识可知,第一次做事不一定能做好。故选B。
【34 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:对我来说,重要的是要知道,你不必总是在第一次就把每
件事都做正确,好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. luck运气;B. absence缺席;C. effort努力;D.fear害怕,担心。根据上文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”和“I kept trying at the song”可知只
有不断努力才能成功。故选C。【35 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我现在明白我哥哥为什么喜欢安静了。A. fight斗争,打
架;B. noise噪音;C. quiet安静,和平;D. safety安全。根据上文“my older brother ____2____
meditation”“my brother would meditate on a window seat.”可知哥哥喜欢冥想,喜欢安静。故选C。
5.【2021年3月天津】For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 1 when he
discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 2 took a turn. After letting go
of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 3 .
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was 4 his stolen bike. But when he went bike shopping,
he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the 5 of bikes was Covid-19 related, and what if the
person who'd taken his bike really needed 6 to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt 7 a plan and posted it on the community website. He 8 to fix
bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-
again 9 . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the 10 to
buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty 11 bicycles. Then came more than 500 12 for
detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be 13 to their
owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are 14 struggling. 15 simply satisfying a material
need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.
In addition to 16 skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of
community. 17 , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great 18 for kids," said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is
certainly providing a 19 , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's
the 20 that he can make on people."
1.A.amazed B.mad C.curious D.frightened
2.A.emotions B.career C.opinions D.route
3.A.ever B.together C.instead D.yet
4.A.ride B.lock C.repair D.replace
5.A.lack B.variety C.increase D.quality
6.A.instruction B.qualification C.transportation D.permission
7.A.came up with B.stuck to C.gave up D.broke away from
8.A.remembered B.refused C.hesitated D.offered
9.A.by accident B.in advance C.for free D.on credit
10.A.profit B.budget C.courage D.excuse
11.A.shared B.used C.expensive D.modern12.A.enquiries B.advertisements C.notices D.announcements
13.A.exported B.sold C.lent D.returned
14.A.hardly B.slightly C.truly D.instantly
15.A.Without B.Beyond C.Upon D.Among
16.A.practical B.commercial C.mathematical D.social
17.A.Otherwise B.However C.Somehow D.Meanwhile
18.A.promise B.celebration C.comfort D.experience
19.A.competition B.service C.ceremony D.suggestion
20.A.compromise B.impression C.impact D.progress
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后,想出了给人免费修
车的计划。他把这一计划发布到了网上,主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的
自行车,他愿意再免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻
居的孩子们免费修车,得到了邻居的赞赏。
【解析】
【1 题详解】B考查形容词词义辨析。句意:Robbie Pruitt承认,去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时,
他很生气。A. amazed惊讶的;B. mad生气的;C.curicus好奇的;D. frightened害怕的。根据第一段最后一
句 "After letting go of his anger and frustration" 可知,发现车被偷,Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。
【2 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但很快,他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪;B.
career事业;C. opinions观点;D. route路线。结合后文"After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found
himself on a road to sympathy"可知,Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情,情绪发生了变化。故选A。
【3 题详解】C考查副词词义辨析。句意∶在放下愤怒和沮丧之后,他发现自己走上了同情之路。
A. ever曾经;B.together一起;C. instead相反;D. yet然而。结合上文 "he found himself on a road to
sympathy" 可知,发现自己的车被偷,Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧,反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选
C。
【4 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意∶对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说,第一件要做的事就是
取代他被偷的自行车。A. ride骑车;B. lock锁上;C. repair修理;D. replace取代。根据后文 "his stolen
bike. But when he went bike shopping" 可知,车被偷,Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
【5 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但当他去买自行车时,发现几乎没有自行车,这让他想
到∶如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关,如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢?A. lack缺乏;B.variety多样;C. increase增加;D. quality质量。根据上文 "he found few available" 可知,商店里也缺少自
行车。故选A。
【6 题详解】 C考查名词词义辨析。句意∶但当他去买自行车时,发现几乎没有自行车,这让他想
到∶如果缺少自行车与Covid-19有关,如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢?A. instruction指
令;B. qualification资格;C. transportation运输工具;D. permission允许。根据前后文可知,Pruitt猜测偷
自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
【7 题详解】A考查动词短语辨析。句意︰带着这个想法,Pruitt想出了一个计划,并把它发布在了
社区网站上。A. come up with提出;B. stick to坚持;C. give up放弃;D. break away from突然逃跑。根据
后文 "a plan and posted it on the community website" 指想出了一个计划,come up with符合语境。故选A。
【8 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意∶他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remember
记得;B. refuse拒绝;C. hesitate犹豫;D. offer提议。结合后文 " to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who
needed it." 指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车,offer to dosth."主动提出做某事”。故选D。
【9 题详解】C考查固定短语辨析。句意:他还想要一些没人要的自行车,他愿意再免费修理一
次。A. by accident偶然;B. in advance提前;C. for free免费;D. on credit赊账。呼应上文"fix bikes free of
charge"他的修车都是免费的。故选C。
【10 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的
人。A. profit利润;B. budget预算;C. courage勇气;D. excuse借口。根据前后文可知,Pruitt捐车的对象
是那些需要车但是预算不够,买不起的人,but表示转折,说明预算紧张。故选B。
【11 题详解】 B考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这一帖子发布当天,Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。
A. shared共享的;B. used二手的;C. expensive昂贵的;D. modern现代的。根据上文 "He also asked for
unwanted bikes," 可知,Pruitt也回收不想要的二手车,所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选
B。
【12 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiry询
问;B. advertisement广告;C. notice通知;D. announcement公告。根据后文"for detailed information"可知,
此处指询问详细信息的询问。故选A。
【13 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:到2020年底,Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车,这些
自行车要么捐赠,要么返还原主。A. export出口;B. sell出售;C. lend借给;D. return返回、返还。结合
后文'to their owners"指修好的车返还给主人,return符合语境。故选D。
【14 题详解】C考查副词词义辨析。句意:Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家
庭。A. hardly几乎不;B. slightly轻微地;C. truly真实地;D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文"folks who couldtruly use them"指Pruitt的捐赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
【15 题详解】C考查介词词义辨析。句意:在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上,他为邻居的孩子们提供
了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A. Without除了;B. Beyond越过;C. Upon在……上;D. Among
在.……中间。结合后文"simply satisfying a materia need"表示"在仅仅满足物质需求的基础上"可知,应用介
词upon。故选C。
【16 题详解】 A考查形容词词义辨析。句意︰除了实用技能,Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作,鼓励
自我价值,促进社区感觉。A. practical实际的;B. commercial商业的;C. mathematical数学的;D. social
社会的。根据上文"he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own
bikes."可知,Pruitt为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会,即教授他们实用技能。故选
A。
【17 题详解】D考查副词词义辨析。句意:同时,孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则;
B. However然而;C. Somehow不知怎么;D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境可知,孩子们通过参加
Pruitt的课程,学到了实用技能,同时还有了一种成就感,Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
【18 题详解】D考查名词词义辨析。句意∶一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说∶"对孩子们来说,这
真是一次很棒的经历。"A. promise承诺;B.celebration庆祝;C. comfort安慰;D. experience经历。根据语
境,参与Pruitt的课程对孩子们来说,是一次经历。故选D。
【19 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意∶Pruitt当然会提供服务,但不仅仅是自行车。A.
competition比赛;B. service服务;C. ceremony典礼;D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知,Pruitt为人们免
费修车,还为社区的孩子教授如何修车,所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
【20 题详解】C考查名词词义辨析。句意:而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协;B.
impression印象;C. impact影响; D. progress进步。根据后文"he can make on people"可知为短语make
impact on"对.……产生影响"。故选C。
6.【2021年1月浙江卷】
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work, I began to 1 on the Internet and
discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I 2 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona, I
was 3 at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutesof 4 my worries had gone. Everyone was so 5 and like-minded that it was very 6 to feel at
home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 7 . We had to 8 everything we
needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 9 way but in 35℃ hear and with a
heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 10 a stairway out of rock. This 11 climbing up and down the side of a mountain
inhabited(栖息)by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 12 .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 13 of knowing that my 14 will be on
that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 15 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in
my tent. The temperature was close to 16 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the
only 17 part of my tent.
18 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 19 . I think I
am much 20 for having taken part in the project.
1.A.calculate B.negotiate C.advertise D.researeh
2.A.imagined B.introduced C.enjoyed D.found
3.A.annoyed B.surprised C.scared D.excited
4.A.arriving B.sleeping C.thinking D.walking
5.A.confident B.friendly C.energetic D.curious
6.A.funny B.good C.lucky D.easy
7.A.tour B.project C.campaign D.course
8.A.drop B.make C.carry D.buy
9.A.nice B.safe C.long D.quick
10.A.build B.test C.clean D.guard
11.A.Helped B.ended C.allowed D.meant
12.A.hunted B.trained C.seen D.fed
13.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention
14.A.work B.memory C.record D.story
15.A.left B.caught C.attacked D.separated
16.A.boiling B.average C.normal D.freezing
17.A.tidy B.dry C.new D.soft18.A.By the way B.Regardless of that C.Needless to say D.In either case
19.A.survived B.resisted C.Escaped D.recovered
20.A.smarter B.stronger C.happier D.busier
【文章大意】本文是一篇本文是夹叙夹议的文章,。文章主要讲解了作者经历了一次志愿活动,但
是这次活动并不是一帆风顺,作者最终克服困难,对自己的经历报以感慨。
【解析】
【1 题详解】D考查动词辨析。句意:我开始在网上搜索信息,发现了Volunteer USA。A. calculate
计算; B. negotiate协商;C. advertise打广告;D. research 搜索。根据上文提到作者想做一些志愿活动,
下文应当去主动查找相关信息。故选D。
【2 题详解】D考查动词辨析。句意:三个月后,我正身处于去凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagine想象;
B. introduce介绍;C. enjoy享受;D. find发现。此处运用了find oneself+介词短语表示某人所处的状态,来
表示作者在去往凤凰城的路上。故选D。
【3 题详解】C考查形容词辨析。句意:我想到要在有大量陌生人所在的地方待三个月是有些害怕
的。A. annoyed生气的;B. surprised惊讶的;C. scared害怕的;D. excited兴奋的。此处作者因为去到一个
陌生的地方,要见到很多的陌生人,所以会感到害怕。故选C。
【4 题详解】A考查动词辨析。句意:到达后不到15分钟,我的忧虑就烟消云散了。A. arrive到
达;B. sleep睡觉;C. think思考;D. walk走路。根据上文可知作者还在路上,此处表示作者以及到达了凤
凰城,在与人接触后有了改观。故选A。
【5 题详解】B考查形容词辨析。句意:每个人都很友好,志同道合,很容易让人有宾至如归的感
觉。A. confident自信的;B. friendly友好的;C. energetic充满活力的;D. curious好奇的。空后like-minded
可知此处为正向词汇,根据作者的感受和上文 "害怕" 形成对比,说明大家都很友好。故选B。
【6 题详解】 D考查形容词辨析。句意:每个人都很友好,志同道合,很容易让人有宾至如归的感
觉。A. funny滑稽的;B. good好的;C. lucky幸运的;D. easy容易的。此处因为作者说大家十分友好、志
趣相投,所以很容易就会给人宾至如归的感觉。故选D。
【7 题详解】B考查名词辨析。句意:我被派往Coronado National Forest去完成第一次八天的项目。
A. tour观光;B. project项目;C. campaign战役;D. course课程。此处根据作者对下文描述,可知要去完
成一个搭建阶梯的项目。并且根据文章最后一段最后一句,可见 "project" 同词复现。故选B。
【8 题详解】C考查动词辨析。句意:我们必须带着我们需要的一切,步行三英里到我们工作的地
方。A. drop掉下;B. make制作;C. carry携带;D. buy购买。此处作者因为要徒步进入到工作地点,所以要带好所需的必需品。故选C。
【9 题详解】C考查形容词辨析。句意:这条路看起来似乎并不长,但顶着35度的高温,背着厚厚
的装备,我的双腿好像着火一样。A. nice好的;B. safe安全的;C. long长的;D. quick快的。此处作者说
道此条路并不长,但是由于温度很高,进而形成对比,表示还是比较艰苦。故选C。
【10 题详解】A 考查动词辨析。句意:我的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯。A. build建造;B. test测
试;C. clean打扫;D. guard守卫。根据第四段首句a beautiful stairway came into being可知之前是没有阶梯
的,故作者的任务就是搭建阶梯。故选A。
【11 题详解】D考查动词辨析。句意:这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下,尽管我应该
说它们只是能听见,而不是看见。A. help帮助;B. end 结束;C. allow 允许;D. mean 意味着。根据上文
作者的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯,所以下文应对该项工作进行解释。故选D。
【12 题详解】C考查动词辨析。句意:这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下,尽管我应该
说它们只是能听见,而不是看见。A. hunt 打猎;B. train 训练;C. see 看见;D. fed 喂养。although表示
转折,应选择与hear意义对应的选项。故选C。
【13 题详解】A考查名词辨析。句意:这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。
A. satisfaction 满足感;B. ambition 野心;C. expectation 期望;D. intention 意图。根据上文一个美丽的楼
梯诞生了,所以作者会感觉到有一种成就感油然而生。故选A。
【14 题详解】A考查名词辨析。句意:这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。A.
work 工作;B. memory 记忆;C. record 记录;D. story 故事。根据上文可以得知,作者一直在做着建造
楼梯的志愿工作。故选A。
【15 题详解】B 考查动词辨析。句意:但是在昨晚我们赶上了雷暴。A. leave 离开;B. catch 赶
上;C. attack 攻击;D. separate 分开。根据句意可以判断作者遭遇了雷暴。故选B。
【16 题详解】D考查形容词辨析。句意:温度已经接近冰点。A. boiling沸腾的;B. average平均
的;C. normal正常的;D. freezing冰点的。根据上文得知作者遭遇了雷暴,且下文提到作者在发抖中度过
剩余的夜晚。故选D。
【17 题详解】B考查形容词辨析。句意:我不得不在帐篷里唯一干的地方度过剩余的夜晚。A. tidy
整齐的;B. dry 干的;C. new 新的;D. soft 舒适的。根据上文可知作者在午夜醒来时发现自己的帐篷变
成了游泳池,所以他只能在干的地方过夜。故选B。
【18 题详解】C考查固定短语辨析。句意:不必说,我受了很多苦。A. by the way顺道提一下;B.
regardless of that不管怎么样;C. needless to say;D. 无论哪种情况。上文提到作者克服困难,最终建成了
阶梯。可知作者是吃了不少苦的,needless to say进一步加深语境。故选C。【19 题详解】A考查动词辨析。句意:我知道无论在生活中面对什么,我都会在那里,并且幸存下
来。 A. survive幸存;B. resist抵制;C. escape逃离;D. recover痊愈。作者上文I suffered a lot提到受了很
多苦,此处but转折表示作者克服了困难,并且作者感悟到无论遇到什么困难,都会勇敢面对。故选A。
【20 题详解】B考查形容词辨析。句意:我相信我也因为这个项目变得更加坚强了。A. smart聪明
的;B. strong坚强的;C. happy快乐的;D. busy忙碌的。根据前文I suffered a lot可知作者受了很多苦,但
也正是这次经历使得作者成长,变得更加坚强。故选B。
7.【2021年6月新高考1卷】
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I
worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy's father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 1 little
bunny(兔子)cakes for all its 2 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed
eight kids for 3 help during our spring break, for which I had no 4 beyond listening to my
favorite records. I'd 5 minimum wage. I'd see how a factory 6 . My parents thought all of this
was a grand idea and called Betsy's dad with their 7 .
Our 8 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜)ears.
Apply icing eyes and nose. 9 bunny from the belt. This was 10 than it sounds. 11 a bit
and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure
than I'd 12 .
Dad 13 . The son of a grocer, he'd spent the summers of his childhood 14 food in
Benardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 15 the dollars you earned and
respect those who did the work, he told me.
1.A.sold B.ordered C,made D.reserved
2.A.stores B.families C.schools D.citizens
3.A.generous B.financial C.technical D.temporary
4.A.plans B.problems C.excuses D.hobbies
5.A.offer B.earn C.set D.suggest
6.A.worked B.closed C.developed D.survived
7.A.ambition B.permission C.experience D.invitation
8.A.joys B.ideas C.roles D.choices9.A.Save B.Keep C.Stop D.Remove
10.A.harder B.better C.longer D.cheaper
11.A.Calm down B.Slow down C.Stay on D.Move on
12.A.indicated B.witnessed C.expected D.remembered
13.A.cried B.smiled C.hesitated D.refused
14.A.tasting B.finding C.sharing D.delivering
15.A.withdraw B.donate C.receive D.appreciate
【文章大意】本文是本文是夹叙夹议的文章,,文章讲述了作者第一次假期打工的经历,作者从中
感悟到工作不易,要尊重那些辛苦工作的人。
【解析】
【1 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是Hough Bakeries的经理,在
复活节期间,为其遍布Cleveland的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。根据后文可知作者在工厂里做蛋糕。故选C。
【2 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:我最好的朋友Betsy的父亲是Hough Bakeries的经理,在
复活节期间,为其遍布Cleveland的商店制作小兔子蛋糕。分析题目可知,此处是指同一品牌旗下的商
店。故选A。
【3 题详解】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我们春假期间,市中心的工厂碰巧需要八个孩子临时
帮忙。分析题目可知,工厂需要临时工。故选D。
【4 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:除了听我最喜欢的唱片,我对春假没有别的计划。分析
题目可知,这句话里的which指的是春假,作者对此没有别的计划,故选A。
【5 题详解】B考查动词词义辨析。句意:我会挣最低工资。分析题目可知,作者要去工厂做工挣
钱。故选B。
【6 题详解】 A考查动词词义辨析。句意:我会看到工厂是如何运作的。分析题目可知,此处是指
作者通过去工厂做工而观察到工厂如何运作。故选A。
【7 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:我的父母认为这一切都是一个伟大的想法,并打电话给
Betsy的父亲,得到他们的允许。分析题目可知,给Betsy的父亲打电话是为了得到许可。故选B。
【8 题详解】C考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们在工厂的职责很简单。分析题目可知,此处是指作
者在工厂里的职责。故选C。
【9 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:把兔子从传送带上拿下来。根据前文Place cakes on a
moving belt,然后加上有糖霜的耳朵、眼睛和鼻子,这里应该是指把兔子拿下来。故选D。【10 题详解】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这比听起来要难。分析题目可知,作者的工作听起来
很简单,但实际很困难。故选A。
【11 题详解】 B考查动词短语辨析。句意:稍微慢一点,蛋糕就堆积如山。分析题目可知,这里
指的是如果做工时手脚不够快,蛋糕就会堆起来。故选B。
【12 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:一切都比我之前预想的要有压力。分析题目可知,作者
之前没料到工作会压力这么大。故选C。
【13 题详解】B考查动词词义辨析。句意:爸爸笑了。分析题目可知,作者的父亲听到作者抱怨工
作压力,联想到自己童年的经历,觉得很正常,所以笑了起来。故选B。
【14 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个杂货商的儿子,他童年的夏天都在
Bernardswille送外卖。分析题目可知,作者的父亲应该是在递送食物,其他选项不符。故选D。
【15 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:他告诉我,这种工作能让你对自己挣的钱心存感激,并
尊重那些从事这项工作的人。分析题目可知,作者的父亲认为工作能让你认识到挣钱的价值,心怀感恩。
故选D。
3.【2021.1浙江】
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work, I began to 1 on the Internet and
discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I 2 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona, I
was 3 at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes
of 4 my worries had gone. Everyone was so 5 and like-minded that it was very 6 to feel at
home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 7 . We had to 8 everything we
needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 9 way but in 35℃ hear and with a
heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 10 a stairway out of rock. This 11 climbing up and down the side of a mountain
inhabited(栖息)by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 12 .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 13 of knowing that my 14 will be on
that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 15 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in
my tent. The temperature was close to 16 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in theonly 17 part of my tent.
18 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 19 . I think I
am much 20 for having taken part in the project.
1.A.calculate B.negotiate C.advertise D.researeh
2.A.imagined B.introduced C.enjoyed D.found
3.A.annoyed B.surprised C.scared D.excited
4.A.arriving B.sleeping C.thinking D.walking
5.A.confident B.friendly C.energetic D.curious
6.A.funny B.good C.lucky D.easy
7.A.tour B.project C.campaign D.course
8.A.drop B.make C.carry D.buy
9.A.nice B.safe C.long D.quick
10.A.build B.test C.clean D.guard
11.A.Helped B.ended C.allowed D.meant
12.A.hunted B.trained C.seen D.fed
13.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention
14.A.work B.memory C.record D.story
15.A.left B.caught C.attacked D.separated
16.A.boiling B.average C.normal D.freezing
17.A.tidy B.dry C.new D.soft
18.A.By the way B.Regardless of that C.Needless to say D.In either case
19.A.survived B.resisted C.Escaped D.recovered
20.A.smarter B.stronger C.happier D.busier
【文章大意】本文是一篇本文是夹叙夹议的文章,。文章主要讲解了作者经历了一次志愿活动,但
是这次活动并不是一帆风顺,作者最终克服困难,对自己的经历报以感慨。
【解析】
【1 题详解】D考查动词辨析。句意:我开始在网上搜索信息,发现了Volunteer USA。A. calculate
计算; B. negotiate协商;C. advertise打广告;D. research 搜索。根据上文提到作者想做一些志愿活动,
下文应当去主动查找相关信息。故选D。
【2 题详解】D考查动词辨析。句意:三个月后,我正身处于去凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagine想象;
B. introduce介绍;C. enjoy享受;D. find发现。此处运用了find oneself+介词短语表示某人所处的状态,来表示作者在去往凤凰城的路上。故选D。
【3 题详解】C考查形容词辨析。句意:我想到要在有大量陌生人所在的地方待三个月是有些害怕
的。A. annoyed生气的;B. surprised惊讶的;C. scared害怕的;D. excited兴奋的。此处作者因为去到一个
陌生的地方,要见到很多的陌生人,所以会感到害怕。故选C。
【4 题详解】A考查动词辨析。句意:到达后不到15分钟,我的忧虑就烟消云散了。A. arrive到
达;B. sleep睡觉;C. think思考;D. walk走路。根据上文可知作者还在路上,此处表示作者以及到达了凤
凰城,在与人接触后有了改观。故选A。
【5 题详解】B考查形容词辨析。句意:每个人都很友好,志同道合,很容易让人有宾至如归的感
觉。A. confident自信的;B. friendly友好的;C. energetic充满活力的;D. curious好奇的。空后like-minded
可知此处为正向词汇,根据作者的感受和上文 "害怕" 形成对比,说明大家都很友好。故选B。
【6 题详解】 D考查形容词辨析。句意:每个人都很友好,志同道合,很容易让人有宾至如归的感
觉。A. funny滑稽的;B. good好的;C. lucky幸运的;D. easy容易的。此处因为作者说大家十分友好、志
趣相投,所以很容易就会给人宾至如归的感觉。故选D。
【7 题详解】B考查名词辨析。句意:我被派往Coronado National Forest去完成第一次八天的项目。
A. tour观光;B. project项目;C. campaign战役;D. course课程。此处根据作者对下文描述,可知要去完
成一个搭建阶梯的项目。并且根据文章最后一段最后一句,可见 "project" 同词复现。故选B。
【8 题详解】C考查动词辨析。句意:我们必须带着我们需要的一切,步行三英里到我们工作的地
方。A. drop掉下;B. make制作;C. carry携带;D. buy购买。此处作者因为要徒步进入到工作地点,所以
要带好所需的必需品。故选C。
【9 题详解】C考查形容词辨析。句意:这条路看起来似乎并不长,但顶着35度的高温,背着厚厚
的装备,我的双腿好像着火一样。A. nice好的;B. safe安全的;C. long长的;D. quick快的。此处作者说
道此条路并不长,但是由于温度很高,进而形成对比,表示还是比较艰苦。故选C。
【10 题详解】A 考查动词辨析。句意:我的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯。A. build建造;B. test测
试;C. clean打扫;D. guard守卫。根据第四段首句a beautiful stairway came into being可知之前是没有阶梯
的,故作者的任务就是搭建阶梯。故选A。
【11 题详解】D考查动词辨析。句意:这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下,尽管我应该
说它们只是能听见,而不是看见。A. help帮助;B. end 结束;C. allow 允许;D. mean 意味着。根据上文
作者的工作是在岩石上建造楼梯,所以下文应对该项工作进行解释。故选D。
【12 题详解】C考查动词辨析。句意:这意味着要在山上美洲狮的栖息地旁爬上爬下,尽管我应该
说它们只是能听见,而不是看见。A. hunt 打猎;B. train 训练;C. see 看见;D. fed 喂养。although表示转折,应选择与hear意义对应的选项。故选C。
【13 题详解】A考查名词辨析。句意:这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。
A. satisfaction 满足感;B. ambition 野心;C. expectation 期望;D. intention 意图。根据上文一个美丽的楼
梯诞生了,所以作者会感觉到有一种成就感油然而生。故选A。
【14 题详解】A考查名词辨析。句意:这种知晓我的工作会留在山腰上数年的满足感是巨大的。A.
work 工作;B. memory 记忆;C. record 记录;D. story 故事。根据上文可以得知,作者一直在做着建造
楼梯的志愿工作。故选A。
【15 题详解】B 考查动词辨析。句意:但是在昨晚我们赶上了雷暴。A. leave 离开;B. catch 赶
上;C. attack 攻击;D. separate 分开。根据句意可以判断作者遭遇了雷暴。故选B。
【16 题详解】D考查形容词辨析。句意:温度已经接近冰点。A. boiling沸腾的;B. average平均
的;C. normal正常的;D. freezing冰点的。根据上文得知作者遭遇了雷暴,且下文提到作者在发抖中度过
剩余的夜晚。故选D。
【17 题详解】B考查形容词辨析。句意:我不得不在帐篷里唯一干的地方度过剩余的夜晚。A. tidy
整齐的;B. dry 干的;C. new 新的;D. soft 舒适的。根据上文可知作者在午夜醒来时发现自己的帐篷变
成了游泳池,所以他只能在干的地方过夜。故选B。
【18 题详解】C考查固定短语辨析。句意:不必说,我受了很多苦。A. by the way顺道提一下;B.
regardless of that不管怎么样;C. needless to say;D. 无论哪种情况。上文提到作者克服困难,最终建成了
阶梯。可知作者是吃了不少苦的,needless to say进一步加深语境。故选C。
【19 题详解】A考查动词辨析。句意:我知道无论在生活中面对什么,我都会在那里,并且幸存下
来。 A. survive幸存;B. resist抵制;C. escape逃离;D. recover痊愈。作者上文I suffered a lot提到受了很
多苦,此处but转折表示作者克服了困难,并且作者感悟到无论遇到什么困难,都会勇敢面对。故选A。
【20 题详解】B考查形容词辨析。句意:我相信我也因为这个项目变得更加坚强了。A. smart聪明
的;B. strong坚强的;C. happy快乐的;D. busy忙碌的。根据前文I suffered a lot可知作者受了很多苦,但
也正是这次经历使得作者成长,变得更加坚强。故选B。
三、2020年高考真题
8.【2020·全国卷I】
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is
just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . Itwill drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept
them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about
windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51
that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53
metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later
in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening
the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, "What if it isn’t a door?" That is, "
What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?"
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59
repeatedly having to say, "No. We can’t go outside now." Then when they come to other doors in life, be they
real or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through.
41.A.relief B.target C.reason D.case
42.A.admit B.believe C.mean D.realize
43.A.gradually B.constantly C.temporarily D.casually
44.A.result B.danger C.method D.truth
45.A.merely B.slightly C.hardly D.partly
46.A.reviewing B.approving C.receiving D.attempting
47.A.winout B.giveup C.wakeup D.standout
48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact
49.A.parents B.twins C.colleagues D.teachers
50.A.restrictions B.explanations C.differences D.consequences
51.A.demand B.fear C.desire D.doubt
52.A.physical B.biological C.spiritual D.behavioral
53.A.traditional B.important C.double D.original
54.A.life B.time C.reply D.history
55.A.bycomparisonwith B.inadditionto C.regardlessof D.insteadof
56.A.getholdof B.stareat C.knockon D.makeuseof
57.A.real B.typical C.similar D.limited
58.A.safetyrule B.comfortzone C.bottomline D.topsecret59.A.delay B.regret C.enjoy D.accept
60.A.hurry B.decide C.hesitate D.intend
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门,引申出生活中的“门”,从而探讨了一种
教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相,这样,孩子们才可以在生活的道路上,不再被各种
“进退两难”所困扰,从而抓住机遇,勇往直前。
【41 题详解】C考查名词词义辨析。句意:原因是明显的。A. relief安慰; B. target目标;C. reason
原因;D. case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说
成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。
【42 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们承认它是一扇门,他们就会不断地想出去。A.
admit 承认;B. believe相信;C. mean意味着;D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们
就会经常想出去,那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。
【43 题详解】B考查副词词义辨析。句意:如果我们承认它是一扇门,他们就会不断地想出去。A.
gradually逐步地;B. constantly不断地;C temporarily临时地;D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59
repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出,孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。
【44 题详解】D考查名词词义辨析。句意:孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果;B. danger危
险;C. method方法;D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of
requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试,和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知
孩子们是知道真相的。故选D。
【45 题详解】A考查副词词义辨析。句意:但是,我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户,阻止了他们无
数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. merely只不过;B. slightly轻微地;C. hardly几乎不;D. partly部分地。我
在搪塞孩子们,所以轻描淡写地说,它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。
【46 题详解】D考查动名词词义辨析。句意:但是,我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户,阻止了他们无数
次要求打开这扇门的尝试。A. reviewing回顾;B. approving赞成;C. receiving收到;D. attempting尝试。
根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。
【47 题详解】C考查动词短语辨析。句意:有一天,他们会开始了解真相,并且发现,一直以来,
他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功;B. give up放弃;C. wake up开始
了解真相;D. stand out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a
48.可知有一天,孩子们会开始了解真相。故选C。
【48 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:有一天,他们会开始了解真相,并且发现,一直以来,
他们所知道的关于窗户的一切,是一个谎言。A. dream梦想;B. lie谎言;C. fantasy幻想;D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户,可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一
切,是一个谎言。故选B。
【49 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:我想知道父母是否应该说出真相,无论结果如何。A.
parents父母;B. twins双胞胎;C. colleagues同事;D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children,可知这里意
思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。
【50 题详解】D考查名词词义辨析。句意:我想知道父母是否应该说出真相,无论结果如何。A.
restrictions限制;B. explanations解释;C. differences差异;D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go
outside_43.可知一旦我说出真相,孩子们就总想着打开门出去,这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。
【51 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:我有一种强烈的害怕,害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子
们造成心灵上的伤害。A. demand要求;B. fear害怕;C. desire欲望;D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're
telling is doing 52 damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事
情。故选B。
【52 题详解】C考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我有一种强烈的害怕,害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩
子们造成心灵上的伤害。A. physical身体的;B biological生物的;C. spiritual心灵的;D. behavioral行为
的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时,犹豫不前。由此可知,这是对孩子们心灵上造成了
伤害。故选C。
【53 题详解】B考查形容词词义辨析。句意:窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的;
B. important重要的;C. double双重的;D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,
将会怎么样,就像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,
将会怎么样”。由此可知,窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。
【54 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就
像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。
A. life生活;B. time时间;C. reply回答;D. history历史。根据Then when they come to other doors in life可
知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。
【55 题详解】D考查短语辨析。句意:假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就像某
种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。 A.
by comparison with与……相比;B. in addition to除……之外;C. regardless of不管;D. instead of而不是。
对孩子们撒谎,今后,孩子们面对生活中的“门”时,会观望,而不是打开“门”。故选D。
【56 题详解】B考查动词短语辨析。句意:假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门,将会怎么样,就
像某种机会,他们不是打开门,抓住机会,而是凝视着它,想知道“假如它不是一扇门,将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住;B. stare at凝视;C. knock on敲击(门、窗);D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会,
不是马上抓住它,而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知,孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。
【57 题详解】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意:也就是说,假如它不是一个真的机会,将会怎么样?
A. real真的;B. typical典型的;C. similar相似的;D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会,犹豫不前,是在质
疑机会的真实性。故选A。
【58 题详解】C考查名词短语词义辨析。句意:但是,底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety
rule安全守则;B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线;D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my
kids.可知这是我的底线。故选C。
【59 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:我应该只是接受重复的说:“不,我们现在不能去外
面。”A. delay推迟;B. regret后悔;C. enjoy享受;D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时,我也不得不
重复的说:“不,我们现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实,我只能接受。故选D。
【60 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后,当他们遇到生活中的其他“门”时,或真实或比
喻,他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们,然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙;B. decide决定;C. hesitate犹豫;D. intend
打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时,孩子们将不再犹豫,大踏步向前走。故选C。
9.【2020全国卷II】
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be 41 to the public
because of Italy’s privacy laws, 42 working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he
stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44 on the trains
were sold to the highest bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would
look 45 above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the
paintings for $32.
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he 47 the paintings with him. He hung them above the
same table he had 48 from Turin. His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought
that there was something 50 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名)
“Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51 it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French 52 he had
never heard of. He bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the
same chair in the same 54 as his father’s painting.“That’s the garden in our picture,”Nicolo’s son told his father. They 55 learned that the painting they
56 was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They 57 the other painting and learned that it was 58
Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The 59 called the Italian Culture
Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were 60 and worth as much as $50 million.
41.A.attached B.allocated C.exposed D.submitted
42.A.finished B.delayed C.considered D.tried
43.A.attended B.reserved C.cancelled D.run
44.A.shown B.found C.kept D.hidden
45.A.nice B.familiar C.useful D.real
46.A.battled B.debated C.discussed D.bargain
47.A.held B.left C.registered D.brought
48.A.chosen B.received C.ordered D.moved
49.A.missed B.failed C.taken D.led
50.A.concrete B.unusual C.unappealing D.natual
51.A.appreciated B.touched C.researched D.witnessed
52.A.painter B.designer C.author D.actor
53.A.expected B.surprised C.anxious D.ready
54.A.room B.kitchen C.hall D.garden
55.A.apparently B.confidently C.eventually D.temporarily
56.A.owned B.borrowed C.sold D.stole
57.A.collected B.cleaned C.framed D.studied
58.A.suitably B.actually C.rightly D.specifically
59.A.girl B.artist C.family D.police
60.A.copies B.originals C.models D.presents
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅
画。后来他学艺术欣赏的儿子经过研究发现这两副画可能来自著名画家,他们打电话给意大利文化部,那
儿的官员证实这两幅画都是画家的真迹,价值至少5000万美元。
【41 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作,他的真
实名字因意大利的隐私法不能暴露给公众。A. attached参加;B. allocated分配;C. exposed暴露;D.
submitted上交。根据下文的because of Italy's privacy可知此处用be exposed to“暴露”符合语境,故选C
项。【42 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作,他的真
实名字因为意大利的隐私法不能暴露给警方。A. finished完成;B. delayed推迟;C. considered考虑;D.
tried尝试。根据上文的It was just after sunrise on a June morning可推测Nicolo刚在工厂里上完了夜班,即
完成了一整夜的工作,故选A项。
【43 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:像往常一样,他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”,这个拍卖会
是由意大利警方进行的,在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. attended参加;B. reserved保
护;C. cancelled取消;D. run进行。结合常识可知,拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序,进行拍卖,故选D
项。
【44 题详解】B考查动词词义辨析。句意:像往常一样,他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”,这个拍卖会
是由意大利警察管理的,在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. shown展示;B. found发现;C.
kept保存;D. hidden隐藏。根据句意可知,此处是指拍卖的东西都是从一列火车上发现的,故选B项。
【45 题详解】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在那里,很多其它东西中,Nicolo看到了两幅画,他
觉得它们看起来挂在自己的餐桌上方会很漂亮。A. nice漂亮的;B. familiar熟悉的;C. useful有用的; D.
real真的。根据下文的Nicolo and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可推测
Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前会很漂亮,所以才会出高价买,故选A项。
【46 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞争,直到Nicolo最终以32
美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。A. battled竞争;B. debated辩论;C. discussed 讨论;D. bargained讨价还
价。根据上文的were sold to the highest bidder可知此处用“竞争”符合语境,故选A项。
【47 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时,他带上了这两幅画。A.
held拿着;B. left离开,留下;C. registered注册;D. brought带来。根据下文的he hung them above the
same table可知,Nicolo搬家时带上了这两幅画,故选D项。
【48 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:他把它们挂在同一张桌子的上面,这张桌子是他从
Turin搬来的。A. chosen选择;B. received收到;C. ordered 命令;D. moved搬。根据上文的the same table
可知,Nicolo搬家时也把桌子搬来了,故选D项。
【49 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课,他认为那幅有一个
年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过;B. failed失败;C. taken拿;D. led导致。根据
句意可知,此处考查固定短语take classes“上课”,故选C项。
【50 题详解】B考查形容词词义辨析,句意:句意:他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课,他认为那
副有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. concrete具体的;B. unusual不寻常的;C.unappealing不吸引人的;D. natural自然的。根据下文的it was signed ''Bonnato'' or he thought可知,儿子认
为这幅画可能是一个著名画家的画,故觉得它有些不同寻常,故选B项。
【51 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样,但当他仔细研究
它时,他只发现了“Bonnard”,一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. appreciated欣赏;B. touched触摸;C.
researched研究;D. witnessed目睹。根据下文的he only found ''Bonnard''可推测儿子仔细研究了画,故选C
项。
【52 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样,但当他仔细研究
它时,他只发现了Bonnard,一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. painter画家;B. designer设计师;C. author
作家;D. actor演员。根据下文的a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard可知,此处用画家符合语境,故选A
项。
【53 题详解】B考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他买了一本书,非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家
Pierre Bonnard的画,他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里,一样的椅子上。A. expected意料的;B. surprised
惊讶的;C. anxious焦虑的;D. ready准备好的。根据下文的sitting on the same chair in the same 54 as his
father's painting可知此处用“吃惊的”符合语境,故选B项。
【54 题详解】D考查名词词义辨析。句意:他买了一本书,非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家
Pierre Bonnard的画,他坐在和父亲画里面一样的花园里,一样的椅子上。A. room房间;B. kitchen餐厅;
C. hall 大厅;D. garden花园。根据上文的with a young girl sitting on a garden chair可知此处用“花园”符
合语境,garden是原词复现,故选D项。
【55 题详解】C考查副词词义辨析。句意:他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女
孩”。A. apparently明显地;B. confidently自信地;C. eventually 最后;D. temporary暂时的。根据上文的
he bought a book and was 53 to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same as
his father's painting可知,此处是指经过一系列的对比和研究,他们终于从一本书上得知了其中一副画的名
字,故选C项。
【56 题详解】A
考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. owned
拥有;B. borrowed借;C. sold卖;D. stole偷。根据上文的Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$可知,这
幅画的所有权是Nicolo的,即他们拥有它,故选A项。
【57 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们研究了另一幅画,发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的
《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. collected收集;B. cleaned打扫;C. framed制定;D.studied研究。根据上文的but when he 51 it可知此处用“研究”符合语境,research和study是同义词
复现,故选D项。
【58 题详解】B考查副词词义辨析。句意:他们研究了另一幅画,发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的
《Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog》。A. suitably适合地;B. actually事实上;C. rightly正确
地;D. specifically具体地。根据句意可知,此处是指他们研究了另外一副画,事实证明也是一副著名画家
的画,故选B项。
【59 题详解】C考查名词词义辨析。句意:这家人给意大利文化部打电话,官员肯定这些画是原
版,价值高达5000万美元。A. girl女孩;B. artist艺术家;C. family家庭;D. police警察。根据上下文可
知,此处是指Nicolo一家为了鉴别画的真伪给意大利文化部打电话,故选C项。
【60 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:这家人给意大利文化部打电话,官员肯定这些画是原
版,价值高达5000万美元。A. copies复制品;B. originals原版;C. models 模型;D. presents礼物。根据
下文的as much as $50 million可推测,这两幅画都是画家的原版,故选B项。
10.【2020·全国卷III】
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41
can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that
they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time.
They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour.
I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely
everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51
for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat
52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take
it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her
child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be
able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
41.A.shopkeepers B.customers C.salespersons D.receptionists42.A.saying B.pretending C.guessing D.replying
43.A.agree B.promise C.imagine D.swear
44.A.forget B.decide C.discover D.assume
45.A.foods B.catalogues C.belongings D.goods
46.A.particular B.different C.matching D.natural
47.A.fighting B.smiling C.waiting D.changing
48.A.generous B.polite C.careless D.difficult
49.A.curious about B.displeased with C.patient with D.uncertain about
50.A.relaxed B.delighted C.surprised D.embarrassed
51.A.searched B.argued C.prayed D.apologized
52.A.by chance B.by herself C.on purpose D.on duty
53.A.rude B.such C.other D.lonely
54.A.lesson B.trick C.skill D.trade
55.A.work B.shop C.meet D.quarrel
56.A.kindly B.secretly C.personally D.casually
57.A.ready B.away C.up D.well
58.A.out of sight B.in the way C.behind the scene D.above the law
59.A.stress B.expect C.handle D.blame
60.A.ruins B.makes C.starts D.saves
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人,遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客,而有一个难
缠的顾客,一开始对每件事都不满意,结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者,是因为自己和丈夫分居
了,于是把气撒到其他人身上,这让作者学到了宝贵的一课,那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾,
不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时,结果只会毁了每个人的一天。
【41 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样,顾客也会让你抓狂。
A. shopkeepers店主;B. customers顾客;C. salespersons售货员; D. receptionist接待员。根据上文I care
deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人,因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
【42 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们会冲进来,说手提包被偷了。A. saying说;B.
pretending假装;C. guessing猜测;D. replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说
的内容应用say。故选A。
【43 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了,搞得一团糟,
然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. agree同意;B. promise承诺;C. imagine想象;D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里,信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。
【44 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了,搞得一团糟,
然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. forget忘记;B. decide决定;C. discover发现;D. assume假设。结合后
文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室,结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的
车里。故选C。
【45 题详解】D考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们会试用商店里一半的商品,只想要一种你没有那种
特别颜色的存货。A. foods食物;B. catalogues目录;C. belongings所有物;D. goods商品。结合后文in the
shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
【46 题详解】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们会试用商店里一半的商品,只想要一种你没有那
种特别颜色的存货。A. particular特别的;B. different不同的;C. matching相配的;D. natural自然的。结合
上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品,结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色
(particular)没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。
【47 题详解】B考查动词词义辨析。句意:我知道店员会有多沮丧,但我努力说服他们保持微笑。
A. fighting打架;B. smiling微笑;C. waiting等待;D. changing改变。结合上文可知,一些顾客有一些很无
厘头的要求和行为,面对这种情况,虽然店员会很沮丧,“但是”一词边是转折,与“沮丧”一词情感色
彩相反,结合选项,B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。
【48 题详解】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的
顾客。A. generous慷慨的;B. polite礼貌的;C. careless粗心的;D. difficult难缠的,困难的。结合后文
nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满,很难缠。故选D。
【49 题详解】B考查动词短语辨析。句意:她对每件事都很不满意,没有什么是对的,令我相当惊
讶的是,她居然成了“常客”。A. curious about好奇;B. displeased with对……不满意;C. patient with
对……有耐心;D. uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满
意。故选B。
【50 题详解】C考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她对每件事都很不满意,没有什么是对的,令我相当
惊讶的是,她居然成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的;B. delighted高兴的;C. surprised惊讶的;D.
embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意,但是居然成了“常客”,这让作者感到
很惊讶才对。故选C。
【51 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:不久,她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索;
B. argued争论;C. prayed祈祷;D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠,对一切都不满,结果后来成了常
客,她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。【52 题详解】B考查介词短语辨析。句意:她一周前和丈夫分居了,现在一个人住在一套公寓里,
因为她觉得实在难以应付,就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然;B. by herself她独自地;C. on purpose
故意地;D. on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知
女顾客和丈夫分居了,因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。
【53 题详解】C考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她一周前和丈夫分居了,现在一个人住在一套公寓
里,因为她觉得实在难以应付,就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的;B. such这样的;C. other其他的;
D. lonely寂寞的。结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知她难以应付这
样压力,于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。
【54 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:这给我上了宝贵的一课,我把它传授给了在市场上工作
的人。A. lesson课程,教训;B. trick诡计;C. skill技能;D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟,可知这件
事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。故选A。
【55 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:这给我上了宝贵的一课,我把它传授给了在市场上工作
的人。A. work工作;B. shop购物;C. meet会面;D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场
上工作的人。故选A。
【56 题详解】C考查副词词义辨析。句意:别太在意。A. kindly亲切地;B. secretly秘密地;C.
personally亲自地;D. casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你,要淡化这种情绪可知此处
作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意,把这些放在心上”。故选C。
【57 题详解】D考查副词词义辨析。句意:也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地;B. away离开;
C. up向上;D. well好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不
好的事情发生的情况。故选D。
【58 题详解】B考查介词短语辨析。句意:一定要淡化它,不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight
看不见;B. in the way妨碍,挡道;C. behind the scene幕后;D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者
提到不要太在意这些顾客,要淡化这种不好的情绪,不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。
【59 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果你这样做了,你将无法处理它,整个事情发展成一
个不愉快的场面,毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调;B. expect期待;C. handle处理;D. blame责备。结
合本段内容主要是在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。
【60 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果你这样做了,你将无法处理它,整个事情发展成一
个不愉快的场面,毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins毁灭;B. makes制作;C. starts开始;D. saves拯救。结合上
文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面,那么最终只
会毁了每一个人的一天。故选A。11.【2020·江苏卷】
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡
上将该项涂黑。
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success 36 fundamentally on our
view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives.
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no 38
of knowing that his life was to change 39 . The class experiment that day was to 40 how heating a
container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. 41 , the container the teacher gave Wilson
to heat 42 held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson heated it, the container
43 , leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents 44 to find a way to deal with
the catastrophe that had 45 their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned
braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well
as a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker.
Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from 48 for lack of proper treatment. For
him, it was one thing to 49 his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue
50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see
because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52 .
Wilson received several international 53 for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found a
54 . He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what happens.
36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects
37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps
38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure
39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely
40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare
41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus
42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily
43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed
44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to
46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic
47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent
48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness
49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept
50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before
51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations
52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential
53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses
54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision
55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外,威尔逊失明了。但是,他并没有抱怨命运的
不公,而是努力地学习,接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力,获得了很多国际大奖。他
的例子告诉我们:成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。
【36. A考查动词词义辨析。句意:成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。
A. depends依靠;B. holds握,持有;C. keeps保持;D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知,仅仅擅长
某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend
on:取决于。故选A。
【37. C考查名词词义辨析。句意:成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。
A. dilemmas进退两难的处境;B. accidents意外事故;C. events事,事件;D. steps脚步,步骤。结合文章
最后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what
happens”可知,我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应what happens(发生的事)。故选
C。
【38. A考查名词词义辨析。句意:1931年的一个雨天,当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室
时,他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法,方式;B. hope希望;C. plan计划;D. measure措
施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。
【39. D考查副词词义辨析。句意:1931年的一个雨天,当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室
时,他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地;B. gradually逐渐地;C. gracefully优雅
地;D. completely完全地。结合下文可知,一场意外导致他失明,这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。【40. B考查动词词义辨析。句意:那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒
泡到表面。A. direct指导,引导;B. show展示;C. advocate提倡,倡导;D. declare宣布。那天的课堂实验
的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。
【41. C考查副词词义辨析。句意:不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的
东西。A. Anyway无论如何,不管怎样;B. Moreover而且;C. Somehow不知怎么地;D. Thus因此。不知
怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。
【42. A考查副词词义辨析。句意:不知怎么的,老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的
东西。A. mistakenly错误地;B. casually随意地;C. amazingly令人惊奇地;D. clumsily笨拙地。老师
“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水,结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。
【43. B考查动词词义辨析。句意:当威尔逊把它加热时,容器爆炸了,导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted
爆发,喷出;B. exploded爆炸;C. emptied腾空,掏空;D. exposed揭露,使暴露。因为容器内装的不是
水,而是更容易挥发的物质,所以,当威尔逊把它加热时,容器“爆炸”了,导致Wilson失明。故选B。
【44. B考查动词词义辨析。句意:两个月后,当威尔逊出院回家时,他的父母试图找到一种方法来
应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得,应得,应受;B. attempted视图,尝试;C. cared关心,
在乎; D. agreed同意。孩子失明了,身为父母,他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生
活中的灾难。故选B。
【45. D考查动词短语辨析。句意:两个月后,当威尔逊出院回家时,他的父母试图找到一种方法来
应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to提交,服从……;B. catered for迎合;C. impressed on
给……留下印象;D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。
【46. D考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的;
B. extraordinary不同寻常的;C. impressive给人深刻印象的;D. catastrophic灾难性的,毁灭性的。根据上
文his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常
识,失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but转折可知,威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难
性的”。故选D。
【47. A考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在那里,他不仅是一名出色的学生,而且成为了一名出色的演
说家。A. accomplished才华高的,有成就的;B. crucial至关重要的,关键性的;C. specific特定的,具体
的;D. innocent无辜的,天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文,并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教
育。结合该句中的not only…but also…可以推知,他不仅是个好学生,而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选
项中只有A选项表达此意。故选A。【48. C考查名词词义辨析。句意:后来,他在非洲工作,那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失
明。A. deafness聋,听力不佳;B. depression沮丧;C. blindness瞎;D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文
中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the
52 ”可知,很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知,在非洲,有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失
明”。故选C。
【49. D考查动词词义辨析。句意:对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此容
易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定;B. abandon抛弃;C. control控
制;D. accept接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned
braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as
a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知,威尔逊失明之后,他没有抱怨命运的不公,反而努
力进取,由此推知,他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。
【50. B考查连接词词义辨析。句意:对他来说,接受自己失明的命运是一回事,而在事情可以如此
容易地解决的情况下,让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到;B. when在……情况下,当……
时候;C. unless如果不;D. before在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下,让他们继续失明下
去完全是另一回事。when表示“在……情况下”。故选B。
【51. C考查名词词义辨析。句意:因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况,在非洲和亚洲,数千万
人都可以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对;B. adjustments调整,调节;C. commitment奉献,投入;D.
limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知,威尔逊行动起来,努力地去预防那些可以
预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”,很多人恢复了视力。该空和53空后的great contributions呼应。故选C。
【52. A考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况,在非洲和亚洲,数千
万人都能够恢复视力了。A. preventable可预防的,可阻止的;B. potential潜在的,有潜力的;C.
spreadable(黄油等)容易被涂开的;D. influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知,威尔逊努力地去预
防“可以预防的”情况。故选A。
【53. C考查名词词义辨析。句意:威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖学
金;B. rewards奖励,回报;C. awards奖,奖品;D. bonuses红利,津贴。因为他的巨大贡献,威尔逊获得
了几个国际“大奖”。故选C。
【54. D考查名词词义辨析。句意:他失明了,但找到了视野。A. fortune运气,财富;B. recipe食
谱,秘诀;C. dream梦,梦想;D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知,虽然威尔逊失明了,但是他却通过努
力,帮助了很多人,为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知,他虽然看不见,但是他的“眼界”开阔,做到了
很多人都做不到的事情。故选D。【55. B考查动词词义辨析。句意:他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活,而是
我们如何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分,辨别;B. determines决定;C. claims宣称;D. limits限
制。结合第一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”
可知,成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即:并不是发生的事情“决定”我
们的生活,而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。
12.【2020·天津卷】
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,
并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant 16 -
-loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be 17 in a
clever way. The 18 ? Chat benches.
Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her 19 . The lady
would get a call from a stranger every morning who 20 made her believe that he was her friend, and then
she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was 21 when she said that she didn’t actually 22 being cheated.
“Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.
This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely 23 people in his community, who
are easy targets of cheating. So he 24 to do something about it. He 25 the police department to allow
him to 26 a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of
the benches that 27 :”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found people sitting
there and engaging in active and 28 conversations.
The idea is catching on 29 There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat
benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n) 30 outcome from
getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully 31 -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help 32 the
invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
This effort is not just a(n) 33 at being community minded- -it’s also a 34 measure. It prevents
people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.
The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that 35 those of all ages to interact and get to know each
other in the future.16.A.choice B.discovery C.visit D.promise
17.A.experienced B.suffered C.prevented D.felt
18.A.solution B.puzzle C.excuse D.intention
19.A.pleasure B.prize C.credit D.money
20.A.eventually B.frequently C.previously D.occasionally
21.A.ashamed B.shocked C.excited D.amused
22.A.mind B.forgive C.risk D.enjoy
23.A.active B.lonely C.cautious D.stubborn
24.A.learned B.refused C.pretended D.decided
25.A.forced B.ordered C.convinced D.taught
26.A.put away B.make out C.tear apart D.set up
27.A.read B.claimed C.meant D.implied
28.A.formal B.joyful C.awkward D.crazy
29.A.randomly B.slowly C.quickly D.purposefully
30.A.positive B.disappointing C.correct D.embarrassing
31.A.realized B.examined C.discussed D.formed
32.A.break down B.put up C.keep off D.take out
33.A.glance B.attempt C.knock D.attack
34.A.heart-breaking B.risk-taking C.face-saving D.crime-cutting
35.A.forbids B.appoints C.encourages D.troubles
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他最
近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法
加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”,帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅”是一个
很棒的新项目,它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。
【16 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题,
它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择;B. discovery发现;C. visit
参观;D. promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even
crimes说孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这
是一项重大的发现。故选B。
【17 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题,
它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历;B. suffered遭受;C.prevented阻止;D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题,有阻止的方法。故选C。
【18 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案?长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案;B. puzzle
谜;C. excuse借口;D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什么”。
故选A。
【19 题详解】D考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法
的。A. pleasure快乐;B. prize奖品;C. credit信用; D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about
£31,000可知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D。
20 题详解】A考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话,他最终让她
相信他是她的朋友,然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A. eventually 最后;B. frequently频繁地;C.
previously先前;D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑,由此可知,他
最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A。
【21 题详解】B考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时,琼斯很震
惊。A. ashamed羞愧的;B. shocked震惊的;C. excited兴奋的;D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑,一个
人被骗了很多钱,她一定会很生气。然而,这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。
【22 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时,琼斯很震惊。
A. mind介意;B. forgive原谅;C. risk冒险;D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise, 1would
never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A。
【23 题详解】B考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论,在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的
人,他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的;B. lonely孤独的;C. cautious小心的; D. stubborn顽
固的。上文老妇人说:“否则,我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”,结合下文,琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他
的社区中,有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。
【24 题详解】D考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习;B. refused拒绝;
C. pretended假装;D. decided决定。下文He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat
benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动,由此可知,琼斯决定做点什么。故选D。
【25 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊
天长椅”。A. forced强迫;B. ordered命令;C. convinced说服;D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里
设立了几个“聊天长椅”,由此可知,他是说服了警察局。故选C。
【26 题详解】D考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个
“聊天长椅”。A. put away放好;B. make out辨认出;C. tear apart把……弄乱;D. set up设立。根据acouple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选
D。
【27 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后,他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子,上面写着:
“聊天愉快。” A. read写着;B. claimed宣称;C. meant意味;D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT.
“可知这是牌子上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read,故选A。
【28 题详解】B考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后,他发现人们坐在那里,进行着积
极愉快的交谈。A. formal正式的;B. joyful愉快的; C. awkward尴尬的;D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的
想法已经完全实现了,结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”,可知人们坐在
那里,进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。
【29 题详解】C考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地;B.
slowly缓慢地;C. quickly很快地;D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches
throughout England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。
【30 题详解】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A.
positive积极的;B. disappointing令人失望的;C. correct正确的;D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones'
idea has been fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from
saying hello.可知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了,”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。
因此,推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A。
【31 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现;B.
examined检查;C. discussed讨论;D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形
的社会障碍。由此可知,琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。
【32 题详解】A考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障
碍。A. break down打破; B. put up提供;C. keep off不接近;D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从
参与中获得了积极的结果。由此可知,“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选
A。
【33 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措
施。A. glance一瞥; B. attempt尝试;C. knock敲打;D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且
有趣的尝试。故选B。
【34 题详解】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的
措施。A. heart-breaking令人心碎的;B. risk-taking冒险的;C face-saving顾全面子的;D. crime-cutting减
少犯罪的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历,可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故
选D。
【35 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目,鼓励所有年龄段的人在
未来相互交流和了解。A. forbids禁止;B. appoints任命;C. encourages鼓励;D. troubles麻烦。根据The
Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果,可知“聊天长椅”,鼓励所有年
龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。
13.【2020年浙江卷】
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡
上将该项涂黑。
I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits
beside me in the passenger scat.
One morning I 36 a lost lamb when I was in the top field,near where a motorway cuts through my
land. The lamb had become separated from its 37 , so I jumped out of the tractor to 38 it while
Don stayed in his scat.
Lamb and mother 39 , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This
was so 40 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. 41 Don had somehow made the
42 move.
My heart froze in my chest as I 43 the tractor heading towards the 44 .I ran desperately but
failed to 45 . It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The 46 thing I saw was Don’s
face, looking calmly back at me.
Heart in mouth, I 47 the fence and looked over. The tractor was 48 against the crash barrier in
the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 49 road with fast-flowing traffic. I
couldn’t see Don, but as I 50 the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently 51 , and dashed
back to me.
The police 52 and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my 53 it turned
out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been 54 .Don was given a special 55 that
night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.
36.A.dropped B.spotted C.carried D.returned
37.A.kids B.friends C.owner D.mother38.A.ask about B.play with C.tend to D.run into
39.A.freed B.switched C.reunited D.examined
40.A.unexpected B.dangerous C.embarrassing D.difficult
41.A.Fortunately B.Generally C.Immediately D.Obviously
42.A.lamb B.vehicle C.seat D.fence
43.A.saw B.stopped C.remembered D.drove
44.A.crowd B.motorway C.field D.hill
45.A.take off B.catch up C.hold back D.get out
46.A.real B.best C.basic D.last
47.A.fixed B.noticed C.reached D.closed
48.A.resting B.running C.parking D.turning
49.A.sleep B.long C.rough D.busy
50.A.abandoned B.approached C.recognized D.repaired
51.A.unclean B.uncertain C.unhurt D.unhappy
52.A.arrived B.replied C.survived D.waited
53.A.ability B.dream C.luck D.idea
54.A.common B.confusing C.desirable D.awful
55.A.meal B.test C.job D.lesson
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者开车带着它的狗去田地,路上发现了一只和它妈妈走
散的小羊。作者下车去照看小羊,把自己的狗留在了车上。后来,作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈,谁知竟发现
自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶,害怕造成严重的后果。幸运的是,最后没有人
受伤。这真是一个奇迹!
【36 题详解】B考查动词词义辨析。句意:一天早上,我在山顶的田野里发现了一只迷路的小羊,
那里有一条高速公路穿过我的田地。A. dropped下降;B. spotted发现;C. carried搬; D. returned返回。下
文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以我是无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。故选B。
【37 题详解】D考查名词词义辨析。句意:小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它,
而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. kids小孩;B. friends朋友;C. owner主人;D. mother妈妈。根据下文Lamb
and mother,可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。故选D。
【38 题详解】C考查动词短语辨析。句意:小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它,
而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. ask about询问;B. play with同……一起玩;C. tend to照看;D. run into撞
上。上文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C。【39 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:小羊和它的妈妈重聚了,我转过身去看拖拉机,却看见
它突然离开了我。A. freed使自由;B. switched转变;C. reunited重聚;D. examined检查。下文说我转过身
去看拖拉机,因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了,所以我才有心思去看我的拖拉机。故选C。
【40 题详解】A考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这太出乎意料了,因为我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹。
A. unexpected出乎意料的;B. dangerous危险的;C. embarrassing使人尴尬的;D. difficult困难的。上文说
我看见拖拉机突然离开了我,下文说我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹,所以这是让人出乎意料的事情。故选
A。
【41 题详解】D考查副词词义辨析。句意:显然,Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. Fortunately
幸运地;B. Generally通常;C. Immediately立即;D. Obviously显然。根据while Don stayed in his seat可知
我跳下车,照顾小羊的时候,Don还坐在它的座位上。那么,很显然,是Don以某种方式使车子动了起
来。故选D。
【42 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:显然,Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊;
B. vehicle车辆;C. seat座位;D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly
away from me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机,却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故
选B。
【43 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时,我的心都僵在胸
口。A. saw看到;B. stopped停止;C. remembered记得;D. drove驾驶。下文说,我拼命地追,所以我是
看到了拖拉机朝高速公路开去。故选A。
【44 题详解】B考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时,我的心都僵在胸
口。A. crowd人群;B. motorway高速公路;C. field旷野;D. hill小山。根据near where a motorway cuts
through my land.和having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the…road with fast-flowing traffic.可知拖拉机是朝
高速公路开去。故选B。
【45 题详解】B考查动词短语辨析。句意:我拼命地跑,但没能追上。A. take off起飞; B. catch
up追上;C. hold back阻止;D. get out出去。根据I ran desperately以及下文It crashed through a wooden
fence and disappeared.可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选B。
【46 题详解】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我最后看到的是Don的脸,它平静地看着我。A. real
真实的;B. best最好的; C. basic基本的;D. last最后的。Don平静地看着我,这是我最后看到的事
情。故选D。
【47 题详解】C考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的心都提到嗓子眼了,我抵达栅栏,仔细检查。A.
fixed固定;B. noticed注意; C. reached抵达;D. closed关。根据and looked over可知我是抵达了栅栏。故选C。
【48 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上,奇迹般地穿
过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. resting 倚靠;B. running跑; C. parking停车;D. turning转动。根据the
crash barrier in the central reservation可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。故选A。
【49 题详解】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意:拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上,奇迹般地
穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的;B. long长的;C. rough粗糙的;D. busy繁忙的。根据fast-
flowing traffic可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。故选D。
【50 题详解】B考查动词词义辨析。句意:我看不见Don,但当我接近拖拉机时,它跳上了马路,
显然没有受伤,冲回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃; B. approached接近;C. recognized意识到;D. repaired
修理。下文说我的狗冲回我身边,所以我必定是接近了拖拉机。故选B。
【51 题详解】C考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我看不见Don,但当我接近拖拉机时,它跳上了马
路,显然没有受伤,冲回我身边。A. unclean不洁的;B. uncertain不确定的;C. unhurt没有受伤的;D.
unhappy不快乐的。根据下文no one got badly hurt可知我的狗没有受伤。故选C。
【52 题详解】A考查动词词义辨析。句意:警察来了,高速公路的运行又恢复了正常。A. arrived到
达;B. replied回答;C. survived幸存;D. waited等待。下文说高速公路的运行又恢复了正常,可知是警察
到达,处理了情况。故选A。
【53 题详解】C考查名词词义辨析。句意:我不能完全相信我的运气,结果没有人受重伤,但后果
可能是可怕的。A. ability能力;B. dream梦想; C. luck运气;D. idea想法。我的狗驾驶着拖拉机上了
车水马龙的高速路,结果却没有人受伤,所以我不相信我有这么好的运气。故选C。
【54 题详解】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我不能完全相信我的运气,结果没有人受重伤,但后
果可能是可怕的。A. common普通的;B. confusing混乱的;C. desirable令人向往的;D. awful可怕的。根
据上文作者的极度担忧My heart froze in my chest和Heart in mouth以及生活常识,动物开车上了高速路,
结果可能是非常可怕的。故选D。
【55 题详解】A考查名词词义辨析。句意:Don那天晚上被给予了一顿特别的晚餐——我不想让它
认为我生它的气。A. meal一餐;B. test测验;C. job工作; D. lesson教训。根据下文I didn't want him
thinking I was angry with him.可知我不想让它认为我生它的气,所以我给它提供了一顿特别的晚餐。故选
A。
三、模拟演练1. 【2022·河南·二模】
A woman professor was giving a lesson to her students on stress management. As she ____121____ a glass
of water, everyone in the class ____122____ they would be asked the “half-empty or half-full” question.
____123____, that was not the case. With a smile on her face, she asked the students, “How much do you think this
glass of water weighs?”
Answers called out ____124____ from eight to twenty ounces(盎司).
She quieted the students down and then responded, “The absolute weight doesn’t ____125____. But it counts
how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my
____126____. If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb. In each case, the ____127____ of the glass of water
doesn’t change, but the ____128____ I hold it, the heavier it becomes. Why?”
Lost in ____129____, all the students kept silent and listened to the professor carefully. “Our stresses and
______130______ in life are like that glass of water. If we ______131______ our burdens all the time, sooner or
later, we will feel exhausted, even unable to ______132______.”
______133______ you have to do is put all your burdens down, as ______134______ in the evening as
possible. Don’t carry them through the evening into the night; by doing this, we can get ______135______ next
morning and are ______136______ to move forward.
More often than not, life gets terrible when we ______137______ too much. And the moment you
______138______ your burdens, you’ll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed.
So rather than being upset and feeling ______139______ for yourself, start doing something about it. After all,
life is too short to ______140______ yourself to anything that is not making you happy.
121.A.raised B.indicated C.pulled D.stressed
122.A.wondered B.agreed C.expected D.argued
123.A.Meanwhile B.However C.Anyhow D.Therefore
124.A.read B.ranged C.replied D.seized
125.A.fade B.exist C.increase D.matter
126.A.stomach B.toe C.fingernail D.arm
127.A.shape B.weight C.position D.size
128.A.longer B.deeper C.fewer D.further
129.A.thought B.fantasies C.dreams D.discussion
130.A.doubts B.joys C.surprises D.worries131.A.cover B.hide C.carry D.show
132.A.pick up B.carry on C.work out D.take in
133.A.Anything B.Nothing C.All D.Something
134.A.early B.eagerly C.quickly D.naturally
135.A.depressed B.entertained C.refreshed D.amazed
136.A.able B.anxious C.passive D.thankful
137.A.rest B.fear C.get D.think
138.A.put up with B.catch up with C.look down on D.let go of
139.A.greedy B.confused C.sorry D.happy
140.A.treat B.abandon C.drive D.help
【答案】
121.A 126.D 131.C 136.A
122.C 127.B 132.B 137.D
123.B 128.A 133.C 138.D
124.B 129.A 134.A 139.C
125.D 130.D 135.C 140.B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过女教授让学生观察一杯水的重量的事例告诉读者:我们只
有卸下压力和负担,才能活得更轻松。
【121 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当她举起一杯水时,班上的每个人都认为他们会被问到
“半空还是半满”的问题。A. raised筹集,举起;B. indicated表明;C. pulled拉;D. stressed强调。根据下
文“But it counts how long you hold it.”可知,老师举起一杯水。故选A。
【122 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. wondered想知道;B. agreed同意;C. expected期
待,预期;D. argued争论。根据“they would be asked the “half-empty or half-full” question”可知,学生们预
期老师会问的问题。故选C。
【123 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:然而,事实并非如此。A. Meanwhile与此同时;B.
However然而;C. Anyhow无论如何,不管怎样;D. Therefore因此。根据“that was not the case.”可知,上
下文是转折关系。故选B。
【124 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:答案从8盎司到20盎司不等。A. read阅读;B. ranged
(在一定范围内)变化,变动;C. replied回复;D. seized抓住。根据“from eight to twenty ounces”可知,喊出的答案在8盎司到20盎司之间变动。range from…to…为固定短语,意为“从……到……的范围”。
故选B。
【125 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:她让学生们安静下来,然后回答说:“绝对重量不重
要。”A. fade逐渐消失;B. exist存在;C. increase增长;D. matter重要。根据“But it counts how long you
hold it.”可知,空处和“counts”对应。故选D。
【126 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:如果我拿着它一个小时,我的手臂就会疼。A. stomach
胃;B. toe脚趾;C. fingernail指甲;D. arm手臂。根据“If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb.”可知,
此处是信息词arm的词汇复现。故选D。
【127 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:在每种情况下,一杯水的重量都不会改变,但我拿它越
久,它就变得越重。A. shape形状;B. weight重量;C. position位置;D. size尺寸。根据“the glass of water
doesn’t change”可知,水的重量没有改变。故选B。
【128 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. longer更长的;B. deeper更深的;C. fewer更少
的;D. further更进一步的。根据“If I hold it for an hour, I will have an ache in my 6 . If I hold it for a
day, my arm will feel numb.”可知,举起杯子的时间越长,它就变得越重。故选A。
【129 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的学生都陷入沉思,保持沉默,仔细地听教授讲
课。
A. thought想法;B. fantasies幻想,想象;C. dreams梦想;D. discussion讨论。根据上文“In each
case, the 7 of the glass of water doesn’t change, but the 8 I hold it, the heavier it becomes.
Why?””可知,老师提出疑问,学生陷入沉思。lost in thought为固定短语,意为“陷入沉思”。故选A。
【130 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们生活中的压力和担忧就像那杯水。A. doubts怀疑;
B. joys快乐;C. surprises惊喜;D. worries担心。空处和“stresses”并列,表示“担心”。故选D。
【131 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我们一直背负着负担,迟早会感到筋疲力尽,甚至
无法继续下去。A. cover覆盖;B. hide隐藏;C. carry携带;D. show展示。根据“burdens all the time”可
知,如果一致背负着负担,迟早会筋疲力尽。故选C。
【132 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. pick up捡起,开车接送;B. carry on继续;C.
work out计算出,锻炼;D. take in吸收,理解。根据“sooner or later, we will feel exhausted”和“even”可
知,此处表示甚至生活都无法继续。故选B。
【133 题详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意:你所要做的就是把你所有的负担都放下,越早越好。A.
Anything任何事情;B. Nothing没有什么;C. All一切;D. Something一些事情。根据“put all your burdens
down”可知,你所要做的就是把你所有的负担都放下。故选C。【134 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. early早地;B. eagerly渴望地;C. quickly迅速
地;D. naturally自然地。根据“Don’t carry them through the evening into the night”可知,要尽早放下负担。
故选A。
【135 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:不要把它们从晚上带到夜里;这样做,我们第二天早
上就能精神焕发,继续前进。A. depressed沮丧的;B. entertained娱乐的;C. refreshed神清气爽的;D.
amazed惊讶的。根据“Don’t carry them through the evening into the night”可知,这样做以后第二天会神清气
爽。故选C。
【136 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. able能够的;B. anxious焦虑的;C. passive消
极的;D. thankful感激的。根据“move forward”可知,尽早放下负担才能继续前进。故选A。
【137 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我们想得太多时,生活往往变得糟糕。A. rest休息;B.
fear害怕;C. get得到;D. think认为。根据下文“And the moment you 1 8 your burdens, you’ll find
yourself feeling so much more relaxed.”可知,想得太多,不能放下负担生活往往变得糟糕。故选D。
【138 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:当你卸下负担的那一刻,你会发现自己感到轻松多了。
A. put up with忍受;B. catch up with追上,赶上;C. look down on轻视,看不起;D. let go of释放。根据
“you’ll find yourself feeling so much more relaxed.”可知,放下负担,就会变得轻松。故选D。
【139 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所以,与其为自己感到难过和抱歉,不如开始做点什
么。
A. greedy贪婪的;B. confused困惑的;C. sorry抱歉的;D. happy高兴的。feel sorry for为固定短语,
表示“为……难过,遗憾”。故选C。
【140 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:毕竟,生命太短,不要把自己沉溺在那些不让自己快乐
的事情上。A. treat对待,治疗;B. abandon废弃;C. drive驾驶;D. help帮助。Abandon oneself to为固定
短语,意为“沉溺于”。根据“anything that is not making you happy.”可知,不要让自己沉溺于不开心的事
情。故选B。
2. 【湖南省岳阳一中2021-2022学年高三测试】
Sitting in my school cafeteria, I looked around, slowly taking in everything. Student after student passed my
21 carrying that day’s lunch, but if you looked deeper, there was more to 22 . There was more than just
the uniform they were wearing, or the way they had styled their hair. There was a lot more hidden under the 23
.Catching the eye of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table, I waved 24 . She smiled weakly and
then continued to pick at the spaghetti in front of her. If I hadn’t 25 recently that her mother was dying of
leukemia, I would have never 26 anything was wrong and I may not have been as 27 and
sympathetic, either. It suddenly 28 me that we judge others too quickly without knowing the whole story.
I have an incurable lung disease. No one at our school knows—I don’t show any noticeable 29
except for a few coughs. I go about my day like any other kid, 30 with the realization that I have a 31
and terrifying future.
Before that day when I decided to 32 the world with a new perspective, I 33 myself almost
every day. I thought only about myself and my heavy 34 . But I’ve now realized no one is 35 —we
just need to accept the way we are.
21.A.order B.room C.table D.cafeteria
22.A.imagine B.compare C.observe D.exchange
23.A.uniform B.rules C.circumstances D.surface
24.A.politely B.wildly C.coldly D.impatiently
25.A.found B.noticed C.heard D.decided
26.A.Remembered B.suspected C.predicted D.regretted
27.A.willing B.outstanding C.understanding D.demanding
28.A.escaped B.satisfied C.hit D.attracted
29.A.diseases B.symptoms C.complaints D.weaknesses
30.A.but B.and C.or D.so
31.A.bright B.real C.serious D.dark
32.A.tolerate B.create C.change D.view
33.A.forgave B.pitied C.challenged D.encouraged
34.A.debt B.reward C.burden D.schedule
35.A.Changeable B.perfect C.unique D.different
【答案】
21.C 25.C 29.B 33.B
22.C 26.B 30.A 34.C
23.D 27.C 31.D 35.B
24.A 28.C 32.D【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者对生活的观察和进行的反思,启迪读者要正确看待生
活中的不幸。
【21 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:一个接一个的学生走过我的桌子,端着那天的午餐,但如
果你深入观察,就会发现还有更多的东西要观察。A. order订购;B. room房间;C. table桌子,餐桌;D.
cafeteria自助餐厅。根据上文“Sitting in my school cafeteria,”可知,作者坐在自助餐厅了吃午餐,所以此处
指学生们路过作者所坐的餐桌旁。故选C项。
【22 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:一个接一个的学生走过我的桌子,端着那天的午餐,但如
果你深入观察,就会发现还有更多的东西要观察。A. imagine想象;B. compare比较;C. observe观察;D.
exchange交换。根据上文“but if you looked deeper,”可知,此处表示作者认为有更多的有待观察的东西。故
选C项。
【23 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:表面之下隐藏着更多的东西。A. uniform校服;B. rules规
则;C. circumstances情况;D. surface表面。根据上文“but if you looked deeper,”以及常识可知,学生的制
服和发型都是表面的东西,深入观察可以发现表面之下隐藏着更多的东西。故选D项。
【24 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我被邻桌一个同年级女生的目光所吸引,我礼貌地挥了挥
手。A. politely礼貌地;B. wildly疯狂地;C. coldly冷冷地;D. impatiently不耐烦地。根据上文“Catching
the eye of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table”可知,作者礼貌地给女孩打招呼。故选A项。
【25 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我最近没有听说她的母亲死于白血病,我永远不会怀
疑出了什么问题,我可能也不会这么理解和同情她。A. found发现;B. noticed注意到;C. heard听说;D.
decided决定。根据常识可知,此处指作者听说了这个女孩家里的不幸。故选C项。
【26 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:如果我最近没有听说她的母亲死于白血病,我永远不会怀
疑出了什么问题,我可能也不会这么理解和同情她。A. remembered记住;B. suspected怀疑;C. predicted
预测;D. regretted后悔。根据“. If I hadn’t recently that her mother was dying of leukemia”可知,此处指如
果不听说女孩的故事,就不会怀疑有什么问题。故选B项。
【27 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如果我最近没有听说她的母亲死于白血病,我永远不会
怀疑出了什么问题,我可能也不会这么理解和同情她。A. willing愿意的;B. outstanding突出的;C.
understanding理解;D. demanding要求高的。根据前文句意以及后文“and sympathetic”可知,此处指作者
对对方表示理解和同情。故选C项。
【28 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我突然意识到,我们在不了解整个故事的情况下,太快地
去判断别人。A. escaped逃脱;B. satisfied使满意;C. hit使突然想起;D. attracted吸引。It hit(s) sb
that…“使某人突然想起……”是固定句型,符合句意,说明作者突然明白了这个道理。故选C项。【29 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:学校里没人知道——除了几声咳嗽,我没有表现出任何明
显的症状。A. diseases疾病;B. symptoms症状;C. complaints抱怨;D. weaknesses弱点。根据语境及后文
中的“except for a few coughs”可知,此处指一些不为人注意的症状。故选B项。
【30 题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:我像其他孩子一样过着一天的生活,但我意识到我有一个
黑暗而可怕的未来。A. but但是;B. and并且;C. or或者,否则;D. so因此。根据语境可知,前文“I go
about my day like any other kid”和后文“with the realization that I have a ____11____ and terrifying future”是
转折关系。故选A项。
【31 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我像其他孩子一样过着一天的生活,但我意识到我有一
个黑暗而可怕的未来。A. bright明亮的;B. real真实的;C. serious严重的;D. dark黑暗的。根据前文“I
have an incurable lung disease.”和后文“terrifying”可知,作者意识到自己未来并不光明(是黑暗的)。故选
D项。
【32 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在我决定用新的视角看待世界之前,我几乎每天都在自
怜。A. tolerate容忍;B. create创造;C. change改变;D. view仔细查看,把……视为。根据前文中的“I
looked around”以及“but if you looked deeper”和后文“with a new perspective”可知,作者自那天之后,以一
种新的视角看待世界。故选D项。
【33 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在我决定用新的视角看世界之前,我几乎每天都在自怜。
A. forgave原谅;B. pitied怜悯,可怜;C. challenged挑战;D. encouraged鼓励。根据前文“I have an
incurable lung disease.”和后文“I thought only about myself”可知,作者只考虑自己,因自己的不可治愈的疾
病而自怜。故选B项。
【34 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我只想着我自己和我沉重的负担。A. debt债务;B. reward
奖励;C. burden负担;D. schedule时间表。根据前文“I have an incurable lung disease.”以及前句中“I pitied
myself almost every day.”可知,在作者决定用新视角看世界之前,作者几乎每天都可怜自己,应该是把身
患疾病看作沉重的负担。故选C项。
【35 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但我现在意识到没有人是完美的,我们只需要接受我们
本来的样子。A. changeable多变的;B. perfect完美的;C. unique独特的;D. different不同的。根据前文“I
have an incurable lung disease.”以及后文“we just need to accept the way we are”可知,此处指每个人都不是
完美的。故选B项。
3. 【2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测】I take cold showers. Several years back, the water heater in my house broke, and for weeks, bathing in
freezing water was my ____76____. Although it took some getting used to, I discovered that there was something
____77____ and energizing. Moreover, the cold shower has changed the way I ____78____ life.
The worst part about showering in cold water is the moment right before ____79____ a into the water. As
soon as you hop in, though, your body quickly ____80____ to the temperature, and it’s not so bad the rest of the
way. For me, stepping into the cold water means ____81____; it’s getting over the hesitation that comes from
knowing I’m about to do something ____82____.
One of my first “cold shower'” moments came one day in my high school, when I ____83____ an internship
after a career day presentation. One of the speakers was a manager at a large Silicon Valley venture capital firm.
The more she talked about her job, the more I became ____84____. Since I had an interest in economics as well as
technology, working at a venture capital firm seemed like the ____85____ place for me. So, I decided that I was
going to ask the speaker if her company hired interns.
As I approached her, however, I was a bit upset. After all, why would a successful business woman offer a job to an
____86____ high schooler? Still, gathering up my ____87____, I walked up to her, and introduced myself. We
ended up having a wonderful conversation, and even better, she ____88____ to interview me for an internship.
That summer, I ended up having the ____89____ to work for her firm. My “cold shower” experiences these years
have ____90____ me that good things happen to those who are willing to step out of the comfort zone and
challenge themselves for more possibilities.
76.A.desire B.reality C.loss D.target
77.A.demanding B.amusing C.refreshing D.discouraging
78.A.approach B.start C.ruin D.praise
79.A.wandering B.falling C.jumping D.sitting
80.A.adjusts B.contributes C.sticks D.objects
81.A.appreciation B.creation C.inspiration D.determination
82.A.shameful B.fortunate C.delightful D.uncomfortable
83.A.argued about B.turned down C.asked for D.joined in
84.A.confused B.fascinated C.concerned D.annoyed
85.A.dangerous B.realistic C.hopeless D.perfect
86.A.independent B.inexperienced C.incomparable D.inconsiderate
87.A.courage B.uncertainty C.concern D.practice88.A.hesitated B.begged C.refused D.agreed
89.A.duty B.opportunity C.adventure D.failure
90.A.taught B.owed C.warned D.ordered
【答案】
76.B 80.A 84.B 88.D
77.C 81.D 85.D 89.B
78.A 82.D 86.B 90.A
79.C 83.C 87.A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过洗冷水澡以及申请实习工作的经历,告诉我们好事总是发
生在那些愿意走出舒适区,挑战自己以获得更多可能性的人身上。
【76 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:几年前,我家的热水器坏了,有几个星期,我只能在冰冷
的水里洗澡。A. desire欲望;B. reality现实;C. loss失去;D. target目标。根据上文“bathing in freezing
water was my”此处指在冰冷的水里洗澡是作者的现实,故选B。
【77 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:虽然这需要一段时间来适应,但我发现有一些东西让我
耳目一新,充满活力。A. demanding要求高的;B. amusing有趣的;C. refreshing令人耳目一新的;D.
discouraging令人沮丧的。根据后文“and energizing”可知洗冷水澡带给了作者一些好的体验,让作者耳目
一新,充满活力。故选C。
【78 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:此外,冷水澡已经改变了我对待生活的方式。A. approach
对待,靠近;B. start开始;C. ruin毁灭;D. praise赞美。根据上文“has changed the way I”指对待生活的方
式,应用approach。故选A。
【79 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:用冷水洗澡最糟糕的时候是在跳进水里之前。A.
wandering闲逛;B. falling落下;C. jumping跳跃;D. sitting坐下。结合后文“As soon as you hop in”提到了
跳入水中,可知本句是在说明入水之前,故选C。
【80 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:不过,只要你一跳进去,你的身体就会很快适应温度,剩
下的过程也没那么糟糕。A. adjusts调整,适应;B. contributes有助于;C. sticks卡住,粘贴;D. objects反
对。根据后文“to the temperature, and it’s not so bad the rest of the way”可知适应了温度后,就没那么糟了。
故选A。
【81 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:对我来说,踏入冷水意味着决心;它是克服当我知道我将
要做一些不舒服的事情时的犹豫。A. appreciation感激;B. creation创造;C. inspiration鼓舞;D.determination决心。根据后文“it's getting over the hesitation”可知进入冷水意味着决心,要克服犹豫。故选
D。
【82 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对我来说,踏入冷水意味着决心;它是克服当我知道我
将要做一些不舒服的事情时的犹豫。A. shameful丢脸的;B. fortunate幸运的;C. delightful令人高兴的;D.
uncomfortable不舒服的。根据上文“it's getting over the hesitation that comes from knowing I'm about to do
something”可知此处指克服做一些不舒服的事情时的犹豫,故选D。
【83 题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我第一次“洗冷水澡”是在高中的某一天,在一次职业介
绍会之后,我申请了一份实习工作。A. argued about争论;B. turned down拒绝;C. asked for要求,请求;
D. joined in加入。根据后文“an internship after a career day presentation”指申请实习工作,应用ask for。故
选C。
【84 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她越谈她的工作,我就越感兴趣。A. confused困惑的;
B. fascinated着迷的,感兴趣的;C. concerned关心的;D. annoyed生气的。根据后文“I had an interest in
economics”可知作者很感兴趣。故选B。
【85 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:由于我对经济和技术都感兴趣,在一家风险投资公司工
作似乎是我的完美选择。A. dangerous危险的;B. realistic实际的;C. hopeless绝望的;D. perfect完美的。
根据上文“Since I had an interest in economics as well as technology, working at a venture capital firm seemed
like the”可知,作者对经济和技术都感兴趣,所以在一家风险投资公司工作似乎是完美的选择。故选D。
【86 题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:毕竟,为什么一个成功的女商人会给一个没有经验的高
中生提供一份工作呢?A. independent独立的;B. inexperienced无经验的;C. incomparable无比的;D.
inconsiderate轻率的。根据后文“high schooler”可知作者只是个高中生,没有经验。故选B。
【87 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:但我还是鼓足勇气,走到她面前,向她作了自我介绍。A.
courage勇气;B. uncertainty犹豫;C. concern关心;D. practice实践。根据后文“I walked up to her, and
introduced myself.”可知作者鼓起勇气去自我介绍。故选A。
【88 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们聊得很愉快,更棒的是,她同意面试我实习。A.
hesitated犹豫;B. begged恳求;C. refused拒绝;D. agreed同意。根据后文“to work for her firm”可知对方
同意作者面试实习,故选D。
【89 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年夏天,我终于有机会为她的公司工作。A. duty义务;
B. opportunity机会;C. adventure冒险;D. failure失败。根据后文“to work for her firm”可知作者得到了去
她公司工作的机会。故选B。【90 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这些年来我的“冷水澡”经历教会我,好事总是发生在那
些愿意走出舒适区,挑战自己以获得更多可能性的人身上。A. taught教学;B. owed拥有;C. warned警
告;D. ordered命令。根据后文“good things happen to those who are willing to step out of the comfort zone and
challenge themselves for more possibilities”是作者从“冷水澡”经历中学到的道理。故选A。