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重难点 07 完形填空夹叙夹议
近三年高考完形填空对考生在语篇中准确理解和灵活运用词汇的能力的考查尤为突出，主要涉及名词、
(短语)动词、形容词和副词的词义理解、一词多义的积累、以及熟词生义的判断。
预计2024年高考完形填空对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主，且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中，考生
应注意夯实基础词汇知识，增加词汇储备量，尤其要注意课标词汇中的多义词、派生词等，同时提高语言
运用能力。
针对高考夹叙夹议性的完形填空题，备考策略如下：
1．分析结构，抓住作者观点。
在做题时要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看
文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。
2．重视首句，把握文章主题。
首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的，为全面理解文
章打开一扇“窗户”。
3．叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵。
夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论
部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心
理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
4．抓住转换，理清逻辑关系。
抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，
辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
典例分析
典例一
（2023·江苏·统考二模）It wasn’t easy to practice gratitude (感激) every day. After I 1 Cushing’s
disease and had an operation a few years ago, my 2 was that everything would be OK. However, I was
wrong. I had ongoing aches and pains, and 3 myself to a new life was difficult for me. I began to notice
that I’d become a 4 person.One day, I heard a discussion about gratitude by Dr Tony Evans. It 5 me and forced me to take a
long, hard, honest look at myself. I have a (n) 6 spouse (配偶) and parents. I’d heard the stories of other
people’s struggles with Cushing’s disease. Their spouses had left them and they didn’t have family to 7 . I
didn’t face any of these problems, yet I didn’t realize that.
I made a decision to start practicing gratitude daily. Once I decided that, my 8 improved, and I
began to approach situations 9 . Instead of viewing situations negatively, I started to see them as 10
.
This led me to practice the concept of sowing and reaping (收获), which I learned from my parents. They
didn’t just talk the talk, but rather they 11 this concept to us. 12 , it wasn’t until I had my
own experiences that I understood what it meant.
Let me explain. When I was 13 by my own pity, my harvest in life was ruined, because
everything I was 14 was negative. Since I started practicing gratitude, so many different doors of
opportunity have opened up for me.
My advice is starting practicing gratitude until it becomes a part of your daily 15 . Take note of
the difference it will make in your life.
1．A．caught B．treated C．studied D．spread
2．A．suggestion B．assumption C．description D．solution
3．A．referring B．abandoning C．releasing D．adjusting
4．A．reasonable B．considerate C．generous D．hateful
5．A．annoyed B．challenged C．fooled D．ignored
6．A．supportive B．creative C．sensitive D．active
7．A．turn up B．turn in C．turn to D．turn down
8．A．image B．taste C．mood D．character
9．A．obviously B．differently C．greedily D．frequently
10．A．opportunities B．responsibilities C．abilities D．difficulties
11．A．reported B．explained C．performed D．demonstrated
12．A．Instead B．Besides C．However D．Therefore
13．A．consumed B．surprised C．protected D．judged
14．A．raising B．sowing C．meeting D．learning
15．A．burden B．supply C．routine D．struggle
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D
12．C 13．A 14．B 15．C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者因为疾病变得充满憎恨。在一次听了关于感恩的讨论并审视
自己后，作者决定每一天都践行感恩，也明白了种下什么因就会有什么果。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年前，我感染了库欣病并做了手术后，我的假设是一切都会好起来的。A. caught抓住，患病；B. treated对待，治疗；C. studied学习，研究；D. spread传播，散布。根据下文“I
had ongoing aches and pains”可知，作者患上了库欣病。故选A。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. suggestion建议；B. assumption假设，猜测；C. description描述；D.
solution解决方法。根据下文“However, I was wrong”可知，“一切都会好起来”是作者假设的情况。故选
B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直有疼痛，让自己适应新生活对我来说很困难。A. referring涉及，查
阅；B. abandoning抛弃，遗弃；C. releasing释放；D. adjusting校对，调整，适应。根据“However, I was
wrong. I had ongoing aches and pains”可知，作者的库欣病并没有好，因此推知他需要适应新的生活。故选
D。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始注意到我已经变成了一个充满憎恨的人。A. reasonable合理的；B.
considerate体贴的，周到的；C. generous大方的，慷慨的；D. hateful可恶的，充满憎恨的人。结合作者患
病的事情和“and 3 myself to a new life was difficult for me.”和生活常识可知，作者因为这些事情
性情大变，内心充满憎恨。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它挑战了我，迫使我长时间、认真、诚实地审视自己。A. annoyed使……生
气；B. challenged挑战；C. fooled愚弄；D. ignored忽略，忽视。根据“forced me to take a long, hard, honest
look at myself.”推知，作者听到的关于感恩的讨论给了他挑战，迫使他审视自己。故选B。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一个支持我的配偶和父母A. supportive支持的；B. creative有创造力
的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. active积极的。根据下文“Their spouses had left them and they didn’t have family
to 7 . I didn’t face any of these problems, yet I didn’t realize that.”推知，不像其他患者那样被配偶抛
弃，作者有一个支持自己的配偶。故选A。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们的配偶已经离开了他们，他们没有家人可以求助。A. turn up调高，出
现；B. turn in上交；C. turn to转向，求助于；D. turn down调低，拒绝。呼应上文“Their spouses had left
them”可知，那些患者也没有家人可以求助。故选C。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦我决定了这一点，我的情绪就好转了，我应对各种情况（的态度）也
不一样了。A. image形象；B. taste味道；C. mood情绪；D. character角色，汉字，性格。根据上文“I
began to notice that I’d become a 4 person.”以及“I made a decision to start practicing gratitude daily. ”
推知，决定带着感恩的心态活着时，作者的情绪好了很多。故选C。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. obviously明显地，显然；B. differently不同地；C. greedily贪婪地；
D. frequently频繁地。根据下文“Instead of viewing situations negatively, I started to see them as 1 0 .”
推知，作者应对各种情况也和之前不一样了。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不再消极地看待各种情况，而是开始把它们视为机遇。A. opportunities
机会，机遇；B. responsibilities责任；C. abilities能力；D. difficulties困难。根据“Instead of viewing
situations negatively”可知，作者把自己遇到的情况看作机遇，而不再是麻烦和问题。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们不只是说说而已，而是向我们展示了这个概念。A. reported报道；B.
explained解释；C. performed表演，表现；D. demonstrated证明，展示。根据“They didn’t just talk the talk”
可知，父母不仅只是说说“播种和收获”这个概念，并用行动向作者展示了。故选D。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到我有了自己的经历，我才明白这是什么意思。A. Instead相反；B. Besides此外；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。上文“父母对概念的展示”和此处“作者通过亲身
经历才明白这个概念”之间为转折关系。故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我被自己的怜悯所吞噬时，我的人生收获就毁了，因为我所播种的一切
都是消极的。 A. consumed消费，消耗；B. surprised使……吃惊；C. protected保护；D. judged判断。根据
“my harvest in life was ruined”可知，此处指作者顾影自怜时，即他被怜悯吞噬时。故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. raising提高，喂养，种植；B. sowing播种；C. meeting遇见；D.
learning学习，了解。根据上文“the concept of sowing and reaping”和本句harvest可知，此处是指“收获”
被毁是因为种下的一切都是消极的。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的建议是开始实践感恩，直到它成为你日常生活的一部分。A. burden负
担，重担；B. supply供给；C. routine日常；D. struggle挣扎。根据上文“I made a decision to start practicing
gratitude daily.”可知，此处作者建议人们练习感恩，直到它成为日常生活的一部分。故选C。
典例二
（2023·江苏镇江·江苏省镇江第一中学统考二模）I remember the first time I saw a skateboarder roll past
me when I was 14 in the early 90s. The skater moved in such a 16 and cool way. He 17 through the
crowds in the same way that water finds its natural 18 . I can still 19 with complete clarity the sound
of the trail of the skateboard snapping against the road as the skateboarder jumped up with the board into the air. It
was the 20 thing I’d ever seen. Why walk to school when you could skate? After serious saving and a 21
for early birthday funds, I 22 myself in the skate shop and got my first skateboard!
What I didn’t know then was that this first 23 was the beginning of a voyage that would never 24
. Information and experiences were exchanged and 25 with friends. And only through dedication and
perseverance did my ability and confidence 26 .
And as my skateboarding years rolled by, my friends and I 27 further into the unknown architectural
skate spots around the globe. 28 with fellow skateboarders get past borders because the sport brings with
it a bond of sincerity. You know 29 good times await. You’re a global conqueror aboard four wheels and
seven layers of Canadian plywood.
I’m now 36, and, as I continue to age, my adventures as a skateboarder will 30 . Skateboarding is an
extension of play and fun. I shall never get tired of it.
16．A．smooth B．sensitive C．safe D．strange
17．A．inched B．weaved C．fled D．pulled
18．A．color B．route C．procedure D．origin
19．A．enjoy B．analyze C．recall D．celebrate
20．A．cleverest B．healthiest C．strongest D．coolest
21．A．love B．goal C．request D．concern
22．A．dressed B．calmed C．expressed D．found
23．A．competition B．attempt C．plan D．order
24．A．end B．pass C．work D．fail
25．A．negotiated B．declared C．shared D．valued26．A．focus B．change C．start D．grow
27．A．journeyed B．divided C．fell D．broke
28．A．Trades B．Relations C．Arguments D．Problems
29．A．endless B．worthless C．aimless D．restless
30．A．fade away B．come back C．go on D．run out
【答案】
16．A 17．B 18．B 19．C 20．D 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．C
26．D 27．A 28．B 29．A 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文章。文章介绍了作者自己的玩滑板的经历，在此过程中自己不断地成长，
表达了作者对滑板运动的喜爱之情。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：滑板运动员的动作是如此的平稳和酷炫。A. smooth顺利的；B. sensitive
敏感的；C. safe安全的；D. strange奇怪的。根据后文“cool way”可知，滑冰运动员的动作是如此的平稳和
酷炫。故选A。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在人群中穿行，就像水找到它的自然路径一样。A. inched缓慢移动；B.
weaved编织，迂回行进；C. fled逃跑；D. pulled拉。根据后文“the crowds”可知，他在人群中穿行。故选
B。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. color颜色；B. route路线；C. procedure程序；D. origin起源。根
据前文“water finds”可知，该滑板运动员在人群中穿行就像水找到它的自然路径一样。故选B。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仍然清晰地记得滑板者带着滑板腾空而起时，滑板撞击路面的声音。A.
enjoy享受；B. analyze分析；C. recall回想起；D. celebrate庆祝。根据前文“I remember the first time I saw
a skateboarder roll past me when I was 14”可知，作者仍然清晰地记得滑板者带着滑板腾空而起时，滑板撞击
路面的声音。故选C。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我见过最酷的东西。A. cleverest最聪明的；B. healthiest最健康的；
C. strongest最强壮的；D. coolest最酷的，最凉爽的。根据前文“The skater moved in such a ___1___ and
cool way.”可知，该滑板运动员是我见到最酷的人。故选D。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过认真的储蓄和提前申请生日资金，我发现自己在滑板店买了第一块滑
板！A. love爱；B. goal目标；C. request要求；D. concern关心。根据前文的“saving”可知，作者认真的存
钱和提前跟父母申请生日资金，买了第一块滑板。故选C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. dressed穿；B. calmed冷静；C. expressed表达；D. found发现。
根据后文“in the skate shop and got my first skateboard”可知，作者发现自己在滑板店买了第一块滑板。故选
D。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我不知道的是，这第一次尝试是一次永远不会结束的航行的开始。A.
competition比赛；B. attempt尝试；C. plan计划；D. order顺序，命令。根空前的“first”可知，作者买完滑
板之后，第一次进行尝试。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. end结束；B. pass通过；C. work工作；D. fail失败。根据后文
“And as my skateboarding years rolled by, my friends and I ___12___ further into the unknown architecturalskate spots around the globe.”可知，作者第一次尝试滑板之后，作者开启了自己的人生中滑板岁月之旅，由
此表明作者的滑板之旅没有结束。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与朋友们交换和分享信息和经验。A. negotiated协商；B. declared宣布；C.
shared分享；D. valued珍惜，珍视。根据前文“Information and experiences were exchanged”可知，作者与
朋友们交换和分享信息和经验。。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：只有通过奉献和坚持，我的能力和信心才得以增长。A. focus集中；B.
change改变；C. start开始；D. grow成长。根据前文“only through dedication and perseverance”可知, 只有
通过奉献和坚持，作者的能力和信心才得以增长。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我的滑板岁月的流逝，我和我的朋友们进一步深入到世界各地不为人
知的建筑滑板点。A. journeyed 旅行，行进；B. divided 分开；C. fell 掉落；D. broke 打破。根据后文
“further into the unknown architectural skate spots around the globe.”可知，随着作者滑板岁月的流逝，作者
和朋友们进一步深入到世界各地不为人知的建筑滑板点。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其他滑板爱好者的关系超越了国界，因为这项运动带来了一种真诚的纽
带。A. Trades贸易；B. Relations关系；C. Arguments争论；D. Problems问题。根据后文“because the sport
brings with it a bond of sincerity.”可知，因为这项运动带来了一种真诚的纽带，作者与其他的滑板爱好者的
关系超越了国界。故选B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你知道无尽的美好时光在等待着你。A. endless无止境的；B. worthless
无价值的；C. aimless漫无目的的；D. restless坐立不安的。根据后文“good times”可知，此处表示无尽的
美好时光。故选A。
30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我现在36岁了，随着年龄的增长，我的滑板冒险还会继续。A. fade away
逐渐消失；B. come back回来；C. go on继续；D. run out用光。根据后文“I shall never get tired of it.”可知，
随着年龄的增长，作者的滑板冒险还会继续。。故选C。
（建议用时：15分钟/篇）
1.（2023·江苏镇江·统考模拟预测）Recently an old friend reached out to me to ask about the success I’ve
had in my life and how I achieved it. He has similar goals as me: get in shape, get into 1 more seriously,
and be fluent in Japanese.
2 I haven’t entirely achieved my long term goals yet in any of these 3 categories, he’s seen that I’ve
made some 3 on my journey to achieving these goals and wanted my 4 .
We had a nice hour and a half 5 on the phone about this and it seemed that he was pretty 6
in the end. A week went by and he told me that he signed up for a personal fitness trainer, is studying music theory,
and 7 me video clips (片段) of him studying Japanese. He’s posting 8 on social media about all
of the progress he’s making. He’s doing great!
I’ll have to let him know that progress isn’t linear (直线的) and that he’ll eventually hit some bumps (凸块) in
the 9 , but I will help him out when that bump 10 .I’m grateful for him giving me the 11 to give him advice, and I’m glad to see that he’s investing
the time and money to 12 his life. He even posted about how thrilled he is with all the recent 13
in his life.
Even if you’re still not where you want to be, there are a lot of people out there who want what you have and
who are impressed with how far you’ve come. It’s good to 14 how far you’ve come, be proud of
yourself, and recognize how much you can help others 15 the same.
1．A．trouble B．labor C．music D．science
2．A．Though B．If C．Since D．Unless
3．A．sense B．money C．prediction D．progress
4．A．policy B．advice C．warning D．congratulation
5．A．negotiation B．debate C．chat D．argument
6．A．annoyed B．offended C．shocked D．motivated
7．A．left B．owed C．fetched D．sent
8．A．permanently B．temporarily C．regularly D．suddenly
9．A．road B．game C．mirror D．campaign
10．A．flies B．comes C．ends D．stops
11．A．opportunity B．right C．freedom D．ability
12．A．share B．improve C．affect D．protect
13．A．risks B．purposes C．examples D．changes
14．A．describe B．suggest C．realize D．decide
15．A．record B．achieve C．explain D．announce
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．A
12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过和朋友分享自己的成功经验表达了帮助别人进步所产生的快乐。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和我有相似的目标：保持身材，更认真地接触音乐，流利地说日语。A.
trouble麻烦；B. labor劳动；C. music音乐；D. science科学。根据后文“studying music theory”可知，他们
都想接触音乐。故选C项。
2．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然我还没有完全实现这三个方面的长期目标，但他看到我在实现这些目
标的过程中取得了一些进步，并想要我的建议。A. Though虽然；B. If如果；C. Since自从；D. Unless除非。
后文“he’s seen that I’ve made some 3 on my journey to achieving these goals and wanted my 4
.”和“I haven’t entirely achieved my long term goals yet in any of these 3 categories,”之间是转折关系。故选A
项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我还没有完全实现这三个方面的长期目标，但他看到我在实现这些目
标的过程中取得了一些进步，并想要我的建议。A. sense 感觉；B. money 钱；C. prediction 预测；D.
progress进步。根据语境和后文“to achieving these goals”可知，虽然作者没有完全达到目标，但取得了进步。故选D项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我还没有完全实现这三个方面的长期目标，但他看到我在实现这些目
标的过程中取得了一些进步，并想要我的建议。A. policy政策；B. advice 建议；C. warning警告；D.
congratulation祝贺。根据前文“he’s seen that I’ve made some 3 on my journey to achieving these
goals ”可知，他想要作者的建议。故选B项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在电话里聊了一个半小时，最后他似乎很有积极。A. negotiation谈判；
B. debate辩论；C. chat聊天；D. argument争论。根据前文“ he’s seen that I’ve made some 3 on
my journey to achieving these goals and wanted my 4 .”和“on the phone”可知，我们电话聊天。故选
C项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们在电话里聊了一个半小时，最后他似乎很有积极性。A. annoyed恼怒
的；B. offended冒犯的；C. shocked震惊的；D. motivated积极的。根据后文“A week went by and he told
me that he signed up for a personal fitness trainer, is studying music theory”可知，朋友很有积极性。故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个星期过去了，他告诉我他请了一个私人健身教练，正在学习音乐理论，
还给我发了他学习日语的视频片段。A. left离开；B. owed拥有；C. fetched取；D. sent寄，发。根据语境
和后文“me video clips (片段) of him studying Japanese”可知，他给作者发了视频。故选D项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他定期在社交媒体上发布他取得的所有进展。A. permanently永久地；B.
temporarily暂时地；C. regularly规律地；D. suddenly突然地。根据语境和后文“on social media about all of
the progress he’s making”并结合选项可知，他定期在网上发布取得的进展。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须让他知道进步不是直线的，前进的道路上他最终会遇到一些困难，
但当困难来临时我会帮助他。A. road道路；B. game游戏；C. mirror镜子；D. campaign运动。根据前文
“he’ll eventually hit some bumps (凸块)”可知，前进的道路是曲折的。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我必须让他知道进步不是直线的，前进的道路上他最终会遇到一些困难，
但当困难来临时我会帮助他。A. flies飞；B. comes来；C. ends结束；D. stops停止。根据前文“I will help
him out”可知，当困难来临时，我会帮助他。故选B项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很感激他给我机会给他建议，我很高兴看到他投入时间和金钱来改善他
的生活。A. opportunity机会；B. right权利；C. freedom自由；D. ability能力。根据前文“I’m grateful for
him giving me”和后文“to give him advice”可知，他给了作者给他建议的机会。故选A项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很感激他给我机会给他建议，我很高兴看到他投入时间和金钱来改善他
的生活。A. share分享；B. improve提高；C. affect影响；D. protect保护。根据前文“he’s investing the time
and money”和后文“his life”可知，他将改善生活。故选B项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他甚至在帖子中表示，他对最近生活中的变化感到非常兴奋。A. risks风险；
B. purposes目的；C. examples例子；D. changes变化。根据前文“how thrilled he is”可知，他最近生活发生
好的变化。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道你已经走了多远，为自己感到骄傲，并意识到你可以帮助别人取得同
样的成就，这是件好事。A. describe描写；B. suggest建议；C. realize意识到；D. decide决定。根据后文
“be proud of yourself”可知，认识到到自己的进步而感到自豪。故选C项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道你已经走了多远，为自己感到骄傲，并意识到你可以帮助别人取得同样的成就，这是件好事。A. record记录；B. achieve实现，达到；C. explain解释；D. announce宣布。基于
前文分析可知，作者帮助朋友取得了进步，所以说，你可以帮助别人实现同样的成就。故选B项。
2.（2023·江苏·统考一模）My nine-year-old daughter, Vivien, is a little princess. Under 16
circumstances, she can’t even pour herself a glass of milk. So when I came home 17 with fever, my first
thought was, “How would Vivien react?”
At 3:30 P.M.,I 18 myself out of bed and drove to pick her up. On the way home, I said, “Sweetheart,
Mommy’s really sick. Can you fix your own meal tonight?” “That’s okay, ”she replied 19 .
When we arrived home, I 20 back to bed. Every now and then, I would wake froma feverish sleep
to find a little angel 21 over me with some goodwill offering. A cool washcloth to wipe my hot brow. A
bell to ring if I 22 anything. A picture she had drawn to 23 me up.
Throughout the evening, Vivien issued periodic reports on her progress with the evening 24 . “I just
made myself a salad.” Or, “I’m running my bath now.” I smiled to myself under the 25 .
Then at bedtime, Vivien 26 a little book she made, entitled “I LOVE YOUMOMMY.”The first
page 27 ,“Thank you for all you did for me MOMMY.”
I felt a wave of gratitude for the 28 that had given my little princess the opportunity to 29
-and me the opportunity to 30 -what an angel she truly was.
16．A．extreme B．special C．certain D．normal
17．A．complaining B．trembling C．wondering D．crying
18．A．urged B．advised C．dragged D．threw
19．A．happily B．hurriedly C．confidently D．guiltily
20．A．dashed B．fell C．marched D．rolled
21．A．bending B．coming C．going D．taking
22．A．said B．forgot C．dreamed D．wanted
23．A．cover B．cheer C．call D．wake
24．A．program B．news C．weather D．routine
25．A．blankets B．stairs C．roof D．sofa
26．A．published B．wrote C．showed D．bought
27．A．read B．wrote C．covered D．printed
28．A．accident B．night C．report D．illness
29．A．demonstrate B．perform C．practice D．function
30．A．relax B．escape C．appreciate D．imagine
【答案】
16．D 17．B 18．C 19．C 20．B 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．D 25．A
26．C 27．A 28．D 29．A 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文字主要讲述了一次生病的经历，让我看到了我九岁女儿维维安的表现，
她无微不至的照顾，让我真正感受到了她是一个天使宝宝，改变了我对她的认识。16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在正常情况下，她甚至不能给自己倒一杯牛奶。A. extreme极度的；B.
special特别的；C. certain确定的；D. normal正常的。根据上文“ a little princess”和下文“she can’t even
pour herself a glass of milk.”可知，我的女儿平时像公主一样，所以正常（normal）情况下，她甚至不会自
己倒杯牛奶。故选D项。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以当我发烧颤抖地回到家时，我的第一个想法是：“维维安会有什么反
应？” A. complaining抱怨；B. trembling颤抖；C. wondering想知道；D. crying哭喊。根据空后“with
fever”可知，我发烧到浑身颤抖（trembling）。故选B项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午3点半，我从床上爬起来，开车去接她。A. urged敦促，催促；B.
advised建议；C. dragged拖，拽，费劲地移动，硬撑着前行；D. threw扔。根据空后“myself out of bed and
drove to pick her up”可知，我发烧很严重，还要去接女儿，所以这里是指从床上挣扎着起身（dragged）。
故选C项。
19．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“没关系，”她自信地回答。A. happily快乐地；B. hurriedly匆忙地，仓
促地；C. confidently 自信地；D. guiltily 愧疚地。根据空前“That’s okay”可知，女儿非常自信地
（confidently）回答。故选C项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们到家时，我倒在床上。 A. dashed急冲；B. fell倒；C. marched齐步
走，行军；D. rolled翻滚，滚动。根据下文“I would wake froma feverish sleep”可知，我一回家，就倒在
（fell）床上，睡了起来。故选B项。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不时地，我从发烧的睡梦中醒来，发现一个小天使俯身向我献上善意的礼
物。A. bending弯腰；B. coming来；C. going去；D. taking拿走。根据下文“A cool washcloth to wipe my
hot brow. ”可知，女儿用一块凉爽的毛巾为我擦拭炎热的额头，所以这里是指她弯下（bending）身子。故
选A项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我想要什么，就按铃。A. said说；B. forgot忘记；C. dreamed梦想；
D. wanted想要。根据空前“A bell to ring”可知，此处是指，我有什么想要（wanted）的，就可以按铃叫她
过来。故选D项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她为了让我高兴而画的一幅画。A. cover覆盖；B. cheer鼓舞；C. call呼叫；
D. wake唤醒。根据上文“A picture she had drawn”可知，女儿画画是为了鼓励我，让我高兴，此处cheer up
为动词短语搭配，表示“使高兴，使兴奋”，符合语境。故选B项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个晚上，维维安定期报告她晚上的日常活动的进展。A. program项目；
B. news新闻；C. weather天气；D. routine日常活动。根据下文“ “I just made myself a salad.” Or, “I’m
running my bath now.” ”可知，维维安在跟妈妈时刻报告她的日常活动（routine）。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在毯子下面暗自发笑。A. blankets毯子；B. stairs楼梯；C. roof屋顶；D.
sofa沙发。根据上文“When we arrived home, I 5 back to bed.”可知，由于发烧，我在床上睡觉，
所以此处指的是我躲在毯子（blankets）底下暗自发笑，符合逻辑。故选A项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在睡觉的时候，维维安展示了一本她做的小书，书名是《我爱你，妈
妈》。A. published出版；B. wrote写；C. showed展示；D. bought买。根据空后“a little book she made”可
知，维维安向我展示（showed）着一本她做的小书。故选C项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一页写着：“妈妈，谢谢你为我所做的一切。” A. read写着；B. wrote写；C. covered覆盖；D. printed印刷。根据下文“Thank you for all you did for me MOMMY.”可知，这是书
上写的内容，所以空处是指第一页上边写着（read）。故选A项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我心中涌起了一股感激之情，因为疾病给了我的小公主展示的机会，也给
了我欣赏的机会，她是一个真正的天使。A. accident意外；B. night夜晚；C. report报道；D. illness疾病。
根据上文“I felt a wave of gratitude for”下文“that had given my little princess the opportunity”可知，我感激的
是这次生病（illness）给我机会看到我女儿不一样的表现。故选D项。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心中涌起了一股感激之情，因为疾病给了我的小公主展示的机会，也给
了我欣赏的机会，她是一个真正的天使。A. demonstrate 展示；B. perform 表演；C. practice 练习；D.
function发挥功能。根据上文“that had given my little princess the opportunity to”结合前文可知，我生病期间，
女儿对我贴心照顾，所以这里是指，我生病给了女儿展示（demonstrate）自己的机会。故选A项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心中涌起了一股感激之情，因为疾病给了我的小公主展示的机会，也给
了我欣赏的机会，她是一个真正的天使。A. relax放松；B. escape逃跑；C. appreciate欣赏；D. imagine想
象。根据下文“what an angel she truly was.”可知，此处指的是，这次疾病同时也给了我欣赏（appreciate）
女儿的机会，认识到了她是一位真正的天使。故选C项。
3.（2023·浙江金华·校联考一模）When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed a financial exam,
her heart sank. She’d 31 the same test weeks earlier.
“Envy was eating me up,” recalls George. But anyway she 32 her friend. “And I told her I failed and
admitted I was 33 ,” she says. George knew that being 34 would ease her envy, but she was
surprised that it also enabled her to 35 her friend’s happiness and experience her own in turn.
Finding 36 in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, the great joy
we feel when someone else succeeds, 37 it doesn’t directly involve us. Freudenfreude is like a kind of
social 38 , says Catherine Chambliss, a professor of psychology. It makes relationships “closer and more
enjoyable.”
Too often, we think our friends 39 us most during their hard times: a job 40 , getting divorced.
In fact, how friends 41 our joy is even more important for us than how they respond to our 42 . Too
often, we think of joy passively. We see it as something that come to us, instead of something we can 43 .
While it can be difficult in practice, freudenfreude can lift us up and 44 our day. So celebrating our friends’
45 is a win-win to us all.
31．A．taken B．passed C．failed D．prepared
32．A．congratulated B．forgave C．blamed D．ignored
33．A．badly-behaved B．over-burdened C．short-sighted D．green-eyed
34．A．tough B．honest C．tolerant D．optimistic
35．A．imagine B．understand C．share D．increase
36．A．hope B．passion C．confidence D．pleasure
37．A．even if B．as if C．now that D．so that
38．A．platform B．glue C．booster D．routine
39．A．support B．annoy C．upset D．need40．A．loss B．change C．interview D．application
41．A．look forward to B．contribute to C．get used to D．react to
42．A．envy B．complaints C．suffering D．mistakes
43．A．predict B．produce C．choose D．measure
44．A．fill B．start C．brighten D．balance
45．A．survival B．success C．recovery D．generosity
【答案】
31．C 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．C 36．D 37．A 38．B 39．D 40．A
41．D 42．C 43．B 44．C 45．B
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述 Eugenie George在面对朋友通过财政咨询测试，从最初的情绪
消沉到随后坦诚地告知朋友自己对她的羡慕以及朋友对自己的激励，这种态度的转变让她不仅体验到朋友
的快乐，也找寻到属于自己的幸福。最终提出结论：从另一个人的好运中寻找快乐会使你们的关系更加亲
密和愉快。分享别人的快乐也可以培养韧性，提高生活满意度，帮助人们在冲突中合作。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几周前，她没能通过同样的测试。A. taken拿；B. passed通过；C. failed失
败；D. prepared准备。根据后文“And I told her I failed”可知，她失败了。故选C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但不管怎样，她还是祝贺了她的朋友。A. congratulated祝贺；B. forgave原
谅；C. blamed指责；D. ignored忽视。根据前文“When Eugenie George first heard that her friend passed a
financial exam”可知，她的朋友通过考试，应是祝贺她的朋友。故选A项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉她我失败了，并承认我嫉妒了。A. badly-behaved表现差的；B.
over-burdened负担过重；C. short-sighted目光短浅的；D. green-eyed嫉妒的。根据前文“Envy was eating
me up”可知作者是嫉妒的。故选D项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：乔治知道，诚实会减轻她的嫉妒，但令她惊讶的是，这也使她能够分享
朋友的快乐，并反过来体验自己的快乐。A. tough 艰难的；B. honest 诚实的；C. tolerant 宽容的；D.
optimistic乐观的。根据前文“And I told her I failed and admitted I was 3 ”可知，作者承认她
嫉妒了，所以是诚实的。故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：乔治知道，诚实会减轻她的嫉妒，但令她惊讶的是，这也使她能够分享朋
友的快乐，并反过来体验自己的快乐。A. imagine想象；B. understand懂；C. share分享；D. increase增加。
根据后文“Finding 6 in another person’s good fortune”可知，在从别人的好运中找到快乐，也
就是分享他人的快乐。故选C项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从别人的好运中找到快乐就是社会科学家所说的Freudenfreude，当别人成
功时，我们会感到极大的快乐，即使这与我们没有直接关系。A. hope希望；B. passion激情；C. confidence
信心；D. pleasure快乐。根据前文“it also enabled her to 5 her friend’s happiness”可知，分享
她朋友的快乐，所以是找到快乐。故选D项。
37．考查连词词义辨析。句意：从别人的好运中找到快乐就是社会科学家所说的Freudenfreude，当别人成
功时，我们会感到极大的快乐，即使这与我们没有直接关系。A. even if即使；B. as if好像…一样；C. now
that由于；D. so that以便。根据后文“it doesn’t directly involve us.”结合选项，应是“即使这与我们没有直接关系”之意符合语境。故选A项。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学教授凯瑟琳·查布利斯(Catherine Chambliss)说，Freudenfreude就像一
种社会粘合剂。A. platform平台；B. glue粘合剂；C. booster拥护者；D. routine常规。根据后文“It makes
relationships “closer and more enjoyable.””可知，Freudenfreude让人际关系“更亲密、更愉快”，所以是粘
合剂。故选B项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多时候，我们认为朋友在困难时期最需要我们：失业、离婚。A. support
支持；B. annoy使生气；C. upset使烦恼；D. need需要。根据后文“during their hard times”可知，朋友在困
难时期应该是需要我们符合实际。故选D项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多时候，我们认为朋友在困难时期最需要我们：失业、离婚。A. loss丢
失；B. change改变；C. interview面试；D. application申请。根据前文“during their hard times”可知，在困
难时期的事，应是丢失工作。故选A项。
41．考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实上，对我们来说，朋友对我们快乐的反应比他们对我们痛苦的反应更
重要。A. look forward to期待；B. contribute to有助于；C. get used to习惯；D. react to对…有反应。根据后
文“how they respond to our 12 .”可知，空处和后文作比较，应是同一动作作比价，所以应是
对快乐的反应。故选D项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，对我们来说，朋友对我们快乐的反应比他们对我们痛苦的反应更
重要。A. envy 嫉妒；B. complaints 投诉；C. suffering 痛苦；D. mistakes 错误。根据前文“In fact, how
friends 11 our joy”可知，空处应是和joy相对应，作比较，结合选项，应是“suffering痛
苦”符合语境。故选C项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们把它看作是我们与生俱来的东西，而不是我们能够创造出来的东西。
A. predict预测；B. produce制造；C. choose选择；D. measure测量。根据前文“Too often, we think of joy
passively. We see it as something that come to us, instead of”可知空处表转折，与“与生俱来的东西”相对的
是“创造出来的东西”。故选B项。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然在实践中可能很困难，但 Freudenfreude可以让我们振作起来，照亮我
们的一天。A. fill填满；B. start开始；C. brighten照亮；D. balance平衡。根据前文“freudenfreude can lift
us up and”可知，空处和lift us up并列，结合选项，应是“照亮我们的一天”符合语境。故选C项。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以庆祝朋友的成功对我们来说是双赢的。A. survival生存；B. success成
功；C. recovery恢复；D. generosity慷慨。根据前文“So celebrating our friends’”结合选项和前文内容可知，
应是“庆祝朋友的成功”符合语境。故选B项。
4.（2023·浙江杭州·校联考模拟预测）I lost my sight when I was four. I can hardly 46 the
brightness of sunshine.
It 47 to me that I might not have loved life so if I hadn’t been blind. I don’t mean I would prefer to go
without eyes. I 48 mean the loss of them made me more appreciate what I had.
Life asks a continuous series of 49 to reality. The hardest lesson was to 50 myself. When I
say belief in myself, I am not only talking about the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar
staircase alone. But I mean something 51 than that: an assurance that I am, 52 imperfections, a
real and positive person. It took me years to discover and 53 this assurance.Once a man gave me a baseball. I thought he was kidding me. I was 54 and refused.
“Take it with you,” he 55 me, “and roll it around.”
The words 56 in my head. By rolling the ball, I could listen where it went. This inspired me to
achieve a goal I had thought 57 : playing baseball.
All my life, I have set different goals and tried to reach them. I had to learn my 58 . It was no good
trying for something wildly out of reach, because that only invited the bitterness of 59 . I would fail
sometimes but on the average I made 60
46．A．describe B．remember C．assess D．bear
47．A．mattered B．happened C．occurred D．brought
48．A．barely B．specially C．simply D．extremely
49．A．adjustments B．commitments C．appointments D．assignments
50．A．apply to B．rely on C．believe in D．disapprove of
51．A．faster B．bigger C．easier D．better
52．A．in spite of B．in addition to C．out of D．for the sake of
53．A．change B．strengthen C．create D．decrease
54．A．thrilled B．shocked C．amused D．hurt
55．A．persuaded B．urged C．questioned D．begged
56．A．stuck B．passed C．followed D．buried
57．A．useless B．fantastic C．discouraging D．impossible
58．A．faults B．scores C．advantages D．limitations
59．A．failure B．burden C．ignorance D．trouble
60．A．profit B．fame C．progress D．success
【答案】
46．B 47．C 48．C 49．A 50．C 51．B 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．B
56．A 57．D 58．D 59．A 60．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者讲述了他在失明之后如何重新找到自信，不断取得进步的。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我几乎不记得阳光的灿烂。A. describe描述；B. remember记得；C. assess
评估；D. bear忍受。根据第一句“I lost my sight when I was four.”可知，作者四岁就失明了，所以，他肯定
不记得阳光的灿烂。故选B项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我突然想到，如果我不是瞎子，我可能不会如此热爱生活。A. mattered重
要；B. happened发生；C. occurred突然出现；D. brought带来。根据句意可知，此处是考查固定句型：It
occurs to somebody that（某人突然想到……）。故选C项。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我只是说失去他们让我更加珍惜我所拥有的。A. barely 几乎不；B.
specially专门地；C. simply只，仅仅；D. extremely极度。根据上一句“I don’t mean I would prefer to go
without eyes.”可知，这里作者只是说失去他们让作者更加珍惜他所拥有的。故选C项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活要求人不断地自我调整以适应现实。A. adjustments 适应；B.commitments承诺；C. appointments任命；D. assignments任务。根据空格后的reality可知，此处说的是适
应现实。故选A项。
50．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最难的一课就是相信自己。A. apply to适用于；B. rely on依靠；C. believe
in相信；D. disapprove of不赞成。根据下文的“When I say belief in myself…”可知，此处说的是相信自己。
故选C项。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我指的是更重要的事：是坚信自己虽然有缺陷，却是一个真正的有进取
心的人。A. faster快的；B. bigger重大的；C. easier容易的；D. better好的。根据上一句“When I say belief
in myself, I am not only talking about the kind of self-confidence that helps me down an unfamiliar staircase
alone.”和空格后的内容可知，作者认为坚信自己虽然有缺陷，却是一个真正的有进取心的人比独自走下陌
生的楼梯的那种自信更重要。故选B项。
52．考查介词短语辨析。句意：我指的是更重要的事：是坚信自己虽然有缺陷，却是一个真正的有进取心
的人。A. in spite of尽管；B. in addition to除了；C. out of从……中出来；D. for the sake of为了。空格后的
“imperfection”和“a real and positive person”是让步转折关系。故选A项。
53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了很长时间才树立并不断加强这一信念。A. change 变更；B.
strengthen加强；C. create创建；D. decrease减少。根据句意和空格前的“discover”可知，作者找到这种信
念后，肯定是再加强这种信念。故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很伤心，拒绝了。A. thrilled使激动；B. shocked使震惊；C. amused逗乐；
D. hurt伤害。根据上一句“I thought he was kidding me.”可知，作者一定感觉受到伤害。故选D项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你拿去，”他竭力劝我，“在地上滚。”A. persuaded说服；B. urged力
劝；C. questioned怀疑；D. begged乞求。根据上文的“refused”和空格前后的内容可知，在作者拒绝后，那
个人还是竭力劝作者。故选B项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的话在我脑子里生了根。A. stuck卡住；B. passed通过；C. followed跟
随；D. buried埋葬。根据下一句“By rolling the ball, I could listen where it went.”可知，作者按照那个人的要
求去做了，所以作者记住了那个人给他说的话，“stick in one’s mind”意义为“铭记在心”。故选A项。
57．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这激发了我去实现一个我曾经认为不可能实现的目标：打棒球。A.
useless无用的；B. fantastic极好的；C. discouraging令人气馁的；D. impossible不可能的。根据上文的内容
可知，作者四岁就失明了，所以他原以为他不可能打棒球。故选D项。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我必须认识到自己的局限性。A. faults故障；B. scores分数；C. advantages
优势；D. limitations局限性。根据作者失明的事实和下文的“It was no good trying for something wildly out
of reach…”可知，作者认为必须认识到自己的局限性。故选D项。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：试图做一些遥不可及的事情是没有用的，因为那只会招致失败的痛苦。A.
failure 失败；B. burden 负担；C. ignorance 无知；D. trouble 麻烦。根据上文的“…trying for something
wildly out of reach”可知，作者认为做一些遥不可及的事情只会招致失败的痛苦。故选A项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有时也失败过，但一般来说总有进步。A. profit利润；B. fame名声；C.
progress进步；D. success成功。根据句意和句中的“made”可知，作者总是取得进步（make progress）。故
选C项。
5.（2023·福建泉州·统考三模）When I was a graduate student, I felt too busy to exercise. I promised myselfI’d do it once I 61 school. I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor. 62 . I believed in
my willpower.
When I started my first job at Williams College, I 63 did exercise regularly. It turned out that I was
in a(n) 64 that offered excellent support for what I 65 to do.
Research shows that our 66 are influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or
difficult. Even the smallest difference can have an outsized 67 . In one study, researchers 68
items from the front to the back of a salad bar-a change of just 10 inches-and the 69 inconvenience made
people eat less of these items.
My plan to exercise benefited from Williamstown’s long winter. People figured the best way through it was to
get 70 happily and enjoy it. I kept meeting people who were 71 joggers. When I started,
they were quick to offer social 72 . With so many runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小径),
including those 73 for beginners.
Do 74 your environment to make challenging tasks easier. If you want to socialize, befriend
outgoing persons. Or 75 your cell phone when you need to concentrate on study. The right
surroundings are more powerful than willpower alone.
61．A．attended B．finished C．started D．quitted
62．A．However B．Therefore C．Instead D．Meanwhile
63．A．unwillingly B．virtually C．actually D．barely
64．A．occupation B．situation C．position D．environment
65．A．hoped B．insisted C．hesitated D．managed
66．A．experiences B．choices C．insights D．emotions
67．A．advantage B．reward C．effect D．risk
68．A．examined B．connected C．counted D．moved
69．A．obvious B．major C．unique D．slight
70．A．aboard B．outdoors C．home D．inside
71．A．enthusiastic B．sensitive C．independent D．ambitious
72．A．resources B．activities C．support D．service
73．A．instructive B．strange C．tough D．appropriate
74．A．change B．protect C．ignore D．accept
75．A．answer B．silence C．keep D．ring
【答案】
61．B 62．A 63．C 64．D 65．A 66．B 67．C 68．D 69．D 70．B
71．A 72．C 73．D 74．A 75．B
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者结合自己锻炼的经历告诉我们环境会让我们的选择变得容易或困
难。61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我向自己保证，一毕业就这么做。A. attended参加；B. finished完成；C.
started开始；D. quitted放弃。根据上文“When I was a graduate student, I felt too busy to exercise.”推知，作
者向自己承诺，一毕业有了时间就参加锻炼。故选B。
62．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我相信自己的毅力。A. However 然而；B. Therefore 因此；C.
Instead相反；D. Meanwhile同时。上文“I knew I would be busy as an assistant professor.”和本句为转折关系。
故选A。
63．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我在威廉姆斯学院开始我的第一份工作时，事实上我定期锻炼。A.
unwillingly 不情愿地；B. virtually 虚拟地；C. actually 事实上；D. barely 几乎不，仅仅。根据上文“I
promised myself I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”推知，作者从事第一份工时开始定期锻炼，用“事实上”
符合语境。故选C。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，我所处的环境为我所希望做的事情提供了极好的支持。A.
occupation占据，工作；B. situation状况；C. position位置，职位；D. environment环境。根据下文“are
influenced by whether our environment makes something easy or difficult.”和“Do ____14____ your environment
to make challenging tasks easier.”可知，所处的环境会给我们带来一定的影响。故选D。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. hoped希望；B. insisted坚持；C. hesitated迟疑；D. managed设法，
管理。根据上文“I promised myself I’d do it once I ____1____ school.”可知，此处是指希望做的事情。故选
A。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，我们的选择受到环境使事情变得容易还是困难的影响。A.
experiences经历；B. choices选择；C. insights洞察力；D. emotions感情，情绪。结合上文提到作者上学时
很少锻炼，从事第一份工作后经常锻炼可知，作者认为人们的选择受到环境的影响。故选B。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使是最小的差异也会产生巨大的影响。A. advantage优势；B. reward回
报；C. effect影响，效果；D. risk风险。根据“the smallest difference”和下文稍微移动沙拉柜台上食物的研
究可知，此处是指小的差异有时甚至会产生巨大的影响。故选C。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一项研究中，研究人员将沙拉柜台上的食物从前面移到后面——仅仅改
变了10英寸——这一点小小的不便让人们少吃了这些食物。A. examined检查；B. connected联系；C.
counted数，重要；D. moved搬动，搬家，移动。根据“from the front to the back of a salad bar”可知，研究
人员移动了沙拉柜台上的食物。故选D。
69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. obvious明显的；B. major主要的；C. unique独特的；D. slight稍
微的，细微的。根据“a change of just 10 inches”可知，食物只移动了一点，因此只造成了稍微的不便。故
选D。
70．考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们认为度过这个季节的最好办法就是开心地到户外去享受它。A. aboard
在船/飞机/车/火车上；B. outdoors在户外；C. home在家；D. inside在里面。根据下文“With so many
runners in town, it was easy to find trails (小径)”可知，人们认为度过冬天的最好办法就是去户外。故选B。
71．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不断地遇到热情的慢跑者。A. enthusiastic热情的；B. sensitive敏感的；
C. independent独立的；D. ambitious有抱负的。根据下文“they were quick to offer social ____12____.”推知，
作者遇到的慢跑者都是热情的。故选A。
72．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始（慢跑）时，他们很快就提供了社会支持。 A. resources资源；B. activities 活动；C. support 支持；D. service 服务。根据上文“My plan to exercise benefited from
Williamstown’s long winter.”推知，慢跑者给作者提供了社会支持。故选C。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城里有这么多跑步者，很容易找到路线，包括那些对初跑者来说很适合
的路线。A. instructive有启发性的；B. strange奇怪的，陌生的；C. tough艰难的，棘手的；D. appropriate
适当的。根据“it was easy to find trails”推知，有很多路线，因此也包括适合初跑者的路线。故选D。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：改变你的环境，让挑战性的任务变得更容易。A. change改变；B. protect保
护；C. ignore 忽略；D. accept 接受。根据下文“The right surroundings are more powerful than willpower
alone.”并结合作者的经历推知，改变环境会让具有挑战性的工作变得容易。故选A。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者当你需要集中精力学习时，把手机调成静音。A. answer回答；B.
silence使……安静，压制；C. keep保持；D. ring响。根据“when you need to concentrate on study”可知，需
要专注学习时，就把手机调成静音。故选B。
6.（2023·山东济宁·济宁一中统考三模）I recently attended a wedding in Canada, in the countryside. When
the Taxi driver sent us back at midnight, I was 76 worried all the way home about tipping him since I was
not rich. I 77 nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a $100 note, which I was keeping for
a(n) 78 , nothing else but two chocolates from the wedding. I couldn’t not tip him, so I was 79
between a rock and a hard place. I handed in the note at last, controlling the urge to ask for 80 .
Tipping has long been a source of 81 interactions throughout the world. Tipping customs 82
wildly from country to country, which generates no small amount of 83 . Norwegians, who come from a
culture where wages are high and tips are low, could 84 people in Las Vegas with their tiny offerings.
85 , high-tipping Americans might anger people in Tokyo because good service in Japan is a 86 of
honour.
Such an embarrassed mess often occurs because there’s no 87 logic to any of this. None! Similarly, a
2016 study from Cornell University, 88 , that people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery
person than a supermarket store worker. Why is that?And nobody can work out the reasons for this 89 .
Perhaps, tipping one and not the other only 90 in terms of what has become customary.
76．A．helplessly B．curiously C．secretly D．strangely
77．A．selected B．fished C．weighed D．calculated
78．A．emergency B．tip C．award D．deal
79．A．buried B．lost C．stuck D．locked
80．A．gratitude B．permission C．help D．change
81．A．common B．awkward C．necessary D．active
82．A．vary B．spread C．grow D．work
83．A．panic B．harm C．bond D．confusion
84．A．amuse B．astonish C．annoy D．satisfy
85．A．Therefore B．Likewise C．Otherwise D．Furthermore
86．A．matter B．choice C．way D．trick
87．A．official B．convenient C．practical D．consistent88．A．found B．ensured C．confirmed D．witnessed
89．A．assumption B．concept C．difference D．accident
90．A．pays off B．takes place C．takes effect D．makes sense
【答案】
76．C 77．B 78．A 79．C 80．D 81．B 82．A 83．D 84．C 85．B
86．A 87．D 88．A 89．C 90．D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以自己在法国坐车给司机小费的事为例子，引出了文章主题：不同国
家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。
76．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当出租车司机半夜把我们送回来的时候，我一路上都在暗自担心给他小费
的事，因为我并不富有。A. helplessly无助地；B. curiously好奇地；C. secretly暗自地；D. strangely奇怪地。
由上文“When the Taxi driver sent us back at midnight,”和下文“worried all the way home about tipping him
since I was not rich”可知，作者并不富有，所以在回来的路上，一直暗自担心给司机小费的事。故选C。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我紧张地在钱包里摸找，意识到我只有一张100美元的钞票，这100美元
是我为了应付紧急情况而准备的，除了两块婚礼上的巧克力，包里什么都没有。A. selected挑选；B. fished
摸找；C. weighed称重；D. calculated计算。由下文“nervously in my purse and realized that all I had was a
$100 note,”可知，作者在钱包里摸，要找钱。故选B。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我紧张地在钱包里摸找，意识到我只有一张100美元的钞票，这100美元
是我为了应付紧急情况而准备的，除了两块婚礼上的巧克力，包里什么都没有。A. emergency紧急情况；
B. tip建议；C. award奖品；D. deal交易。由上文“realized that all I had was a $100 note,which I was keeping
for a(n)”可知，作者钱包里只有100美元，这是为了应付紧急情况而准备的。故选A。
79．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不能不给他小费，所以我陷入了进退两难的境地。A. buried埋葬的；
B. lost丢失的；C. stuck陷入困境的；D. locked锁上的。由上文“I couldn’t not tip him”可知，作者钱包里只
有100美元，这是为紧急情况而准备的，不能给司机作为小费，所以作者陷入进退两难的境地，be stuck
between a rock and a hard place意为“陷入进退两难的境地”。故选C。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后我递给了他这张钞票，控制住了要求他找钱的冲动。A. gratitude感谢；
B. permission允许；C. help帮助；D. change找回的钱。由上文“I handed in the note at last, controlling the
urge to ask for”和上文提到的作者只有100美元的一张钞票，以及作者并不富有可知，作者本打算要司机找
钱，所以此处指作者控制住了要求找钱的冲动。故选D。
81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，小费一直是世界各地尴尬互动的一个来源。A. common共同
的；B. awkward 尴尬的；C. necessary 有必要的；D. active 积极的。由下文“Such an embarrassed mess
often”可知，不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱，所以说小费一直是世界各地尴尬互动的
一个来源。故选B。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。A. vary变化；B.
spread传播；C. grow长大；D. work工作。由下文“wildly from country to country”可知，不同国家的小费
习俗差异很大，vary from...to...固定搭配，意为“从……到……不同”。故选A。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。A. panic惊慌；B.harm损害；C. bond联系；D. confusion混乱。由下文“Such an embarrassed mess”可知，此处指不同国家的
小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱。故选D。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：挪威人来自一个工资高、小费低的文化，他们提供的微不足道的服务可能
会惹恼拉斯维加斯的人们。A. amuse使娱乐；B. astonish使惊讶；C. annoy使恼怒；D. satisfy使满意。由
上文“Norwegians, who come from a culture where wages are high and tips are low”和下文“people in Las Vegas
with their tiny offerings.”可知，挪威人来自一个工资高、小费低的文化，所以他们提供的微不足道的服务可
能会惹恼拉斯维加斯的人们。故选C。
85．考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，给高额小费的美国人可能会激怒东京人，因为在日本，良好的服务
是一个荣誉问题。A. Therefore因此；B. Likewise同样地；C. Otherwise否则；D. Furthermore此外。上文
“Norwegians, who come from a culture where wages are high and tips are low, could___9___people in Las Vegas
with their tiny offerings.”和下文“high-tipping Americans might anger people in Tokyo because good service in
Japan is a____11__of honour.”都在举例子说明不同国家的小费习俗差异很大，造成了不小的混乱，所以此处
表示“同样地”。故选B。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，给高额小费的美国人可能会激怒东京人，因为在日本，良好的服务
是一个荣誉问题。A. matter问题；B. choice选择；C. way方法；D. trick诡计。由上文“good service in
Japan is a”和下文“of honour”可知，在日本，良好的服务是一个荣誉问题，a matter of固定搭配，意为
“……的问题”。故选A。
87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种尴尬的混乱经常发生，因为没有一致的逻辑。A. official官方的；B.
convenient 方便的；C. practical 实用的；D. consistent 一致的。由上文“Such an embarrassed mess often
occurs”可知，这种尴尬的混乱经常发生，因为没有统一一致的逻辑。故选D。
88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同样，2016年一项来自康奈尔大学的研究发现，人们给超市送货员小费的
可能性是超市店员的两倍。A. found发现；B. ensured确保；C. confirmed确认；D. witnessed见证。由下文
“that people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery person than a supermarket store worker.”可知，人们
给超市送货员小费的可能性是超市店员的两倍，这是研究发现的。故选A。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人能够找出造成这种差异的原因。A. assumption假设；B. concept概
念；C. difference差异；D. accident事故。由上文“that people are twice as likely to tip a supermarket delivery
person than a supermarket store worker.”可知，研究发现，人们给超市送货员小费的可能性是超市店员的两
倍，这说明给超市员和送货员的小费很不同，即差异很大。故选C。
90．考查动词短语辨析。句意：也许，给一个人小费而不是另一个人只有在已经成为习惯的情况下才讲得
通。A. pays off得以回报；B. takes place发生；C. takes effect生效；D. makes sense讲得通。由上文“And
nobody can work out the reasons for this__14___”，“Perhaps, tipping one and not the other only”和下文“in
terms of what has become customary.”可知，人们给超市送货员小费的可能性是超市店员的两倍，为什么会
有那么大的差异，无人知道，或许一个讲得通的解释是：这已经成为了习惯。故选D。
7.（2023·山东聊城·统考一模）If you need courage when facing a challenge, learn from Jessica Cox. Born
in February 1983 in Sierra Vista, Arizona, Jessica Cox 91 her parents. Why? She had no arms. As Cox
grew up, her mother 92 that her daughter had the 93 to live a normal life by doing things
differently.94 independent at a young age, Cox learned to tie her shoes, get dressed and take a 95 .She
also got prosthetic(假体的)arms then and used them for 11 years，all the time 96 why. Getting called
names like “Robot Girl” made her 97 and quiet. But at age 14,everything changed.
Cox remembers boarding the bus on the first day of 8th grade with a 98 by Eleanor Roosevelt running
through her mind. “No one can make you feel inferior(卑微的) without your 99 .”She decided to embrace
her 100 and removed her prosthetic arms for good. Cox says that it is not until we are 101 to
ourselves that we are able to overcome our challenges. That year, she also 102 her black belt from the
International Taekwondo Federation!
After college, Cox was 103 by Arizona Daily Star, which kick-started her career. She has spoken
to audiences in over 26 countries since then. Cox often 104 people through humor.
Cox conquered her greatest fear-flying-and in 2011 became the world’s first armless pilot. She uses her feet to
fly the plane! 105 learn from Jessica Cox - challenges are opportunities.
91．A．annoyed B．shocked C．discouraged D．touched
92．A．concluded B．advocated C．claimed D．decided
93．A．right B．challenge C．choice D．fear
94．A．Merely B．Patiently C．Fiercely D．Hardly
95．A．bath B．break C．course D．trip
96．A．wondering B．telling C．expecting D．digesting
97．A．decent B．considerate C．shy D．sensible
98．A．saying B．note C．warning D．quote
99．A．recognition B．pride C．comment D．permission
100．A．philosophy B．difference C．strength D．reputation
101．A．grateful B．true C．unique D．close
102．A．removed B．attempted C．acquired D．purchased
103．A．informed B．called C．improved D．reported
104．A．relates to B．reflects on C．corresponds with D．holds back
105．A．Or B．Otherwise C．So D．And
【答案】
91．B 92．D 93．A 94．C 95．A 96．A 97．C 98．D 99．D 100．B
101．B 102．C 103．D 104．A 105．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍的是出生残疾的考克斯(Cox)克服困难，勇敢面对挑战的事迹，
并呼吁人们向她学习。
91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1983年2月，杰西卡·考克斯出生在亚利桑那州的塞拉维斯塔，她的父
母震惊了。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. shocked震惊的；C. discouraged泄气的；D. touched感动的。根据下文中
的“Why? She had no arms.”可知，她没有胳膊，所以使她父母“震惊”。故选B项。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着考克斯的成长，她的母亲认为她的女儿有权利过正常人的生活，只要做些与众不同的事情。A. concluded推断；B. advocated提倡；C. claimed声称；D. decided决定，确定。根
据下文中的“Cox learned to tie her shoes, get dressed and take a ____5____.”可知，她母亲“确定”她能过上
正常人的生活。故选D项。
93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着考克斯的成长，她的母亲认为她的女儿有权利过正常人的生活，只要
做些与众不同的事情。A. right权利；B. challenge挑战；C. choice选择；D. fear害怕。根据下文中的“to
live a normal life by doing things differently.”可知，过正常的生活是人们的权利。故选A项。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考克斯很小的时候就非常独立，她学会了系鞋带、穿衣服和洗澡。A.
Merely仅仅，只不过；B. Patiently耐心地；C. Fiercely猛烈地，非常；D. Hardly几乎不。根据下文中的
“at a young age, Cox learned to tie her shoes, get dressed and take a ____5___.”可知，考克斯很小就会自己系
鞋带等，说明她“非常”独立。故选C项。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考克斯很小的时候就非常独立，她学会了系鞋带、穿衣服和洗澡。A. bath
洗浴；B. break间歇；C. course课程，过程；D. trip旅行。根据上文中的“Cox learned to tie her shoes, get
dressed and”可知，此处与系鞋带，穿衣服等日常生活并列，所以此处指“洗澡”。故选A项。
96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还做了假肢，并使用了 11年，一直在想为什么。A. wondering想知道；
B. telling告诉；C. expecting期望；D. digesting消化。根据下文中的“why”可知，此处为“想知道”。故
选A项。
97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：被称为“机器人女孩”让她变得害羞和安静。A. decent 体面的；B.
considerate体贴的；C. shy害羞的；D. sensible理智的。根据上文中的“Getting called names like “Robot
Girl” ”可知，被人起外号会让人“害羞”。故选C项。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考克斯记得八年级的第一天登上公共汽车时，埃莉诺·罗斯福的一句话在她
脑海中回荡。A. saying谚语；B. note便签；C. warning警告；D. quote引语。根据下文中的““No one can
make you feel inferior(卑微的) without your____9____.””可知，此处指的是“引语”。故选D项。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“没有你的允许，任何人都不能让你感到自卑。”A. recognition识别；B.
pride自豪；C. comment评论；D. permission允许。根据上文中的“No one can make you feel inferior(卑微
的)”以及语境可知，此处表示“未经你的许可”，没人能让你感到自卑。故选D项。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她决定接受自己的不同，永远摘掉了义肢。A. philosophy 哲学；B.
difference区别；C. strength优点，力量；D. reputation声誉。根据上文中的“She had no arms.”可知，此处
指的是拥抱她的“不同”。故选B项。
101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考克斯说，只有我们对自己诚实，我们才能克服挑战。A. grateful感激的；
B. true忠实的，真实的；C. unique独特的；D. close关闭的。根据下文中的“we are able to overcome our
challenges.”可知，只有“忠于”自己，才能战胜挑战。故选B项。
102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，她还获得国际跆拳道联合会的黑带!A. removed 清除；B.
attempted尝试；C. acquired获得；D. purchased购买。结合语境可知，此处讲述的是她克服挑战所取得的
成绩，所以此空指的是她“获得”了黑带。故选C项。
103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大学毕业后，考克斯被《亚利桑那每日星报》报道，从此开启了她的职
业生涯。A. informed告知；B. called称呼；C. improved改善；D. reported报道。根据下文中的“Arizona
Daily Star”为一媒体可知，此处指的是她的事迹被该媒体“报道”。故选D项。104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考克斯经常通过幽默与人交流。A. relates to有关；B. reflects on反思；C.
corresponds with符合；D. holds back抑制，阻止。根据上文中的“She has spoken to audiences in over 26
countries since then.”可知，她在26个以上的国家演讲，所以此处指的是她用幽默的方式与人“关联”起来
即与人交流。故选A项。
105．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以向杰西卡·考克斯学习吧——挑战就是机遇。A. Or 或者；B.
Otherwise否则；C. So所以；D. And和。根据下文中的“challenges are opportunities.”以及全文对考克斯事
迹的介绍可知，此处呼吁大家向她学习，所以此处与上文为因果关系。故选C项。
8.（2023·湖北·校联考模拟预测）Each new generation learns from its elders. I’ll never forget one moment
in my childhood.
When I was eight years old, I 106 a diamond pin (胸针) from a girl in my dance class. My father,
spotting the shiny one he had not 107 , found me out. He sat me down on the floor of our study and
108 why what I had done was wrong. He worried that if I became a thief, I would come to a bad end. How
stealing cut the delicate bonds of 109 that connected me with those around me. More than three decades
on, the lesson has 110 : I don’t feel tempted (诱惑) to cut in line or steal hotel towels. 111
leaving a store wearing the tagged sunglasses I’d tried on gave me the 112 for months.
Though my childhood memories are 113 , such moments stand out, when my parents passed on
values they hoped I’d 114 . They supplied a standard of 115 : to take someone else’s
perspective, to 116 my momentary greed for the greater good. Such important 117 are the
raw material each generation uses to form the next. Yet the range of factors shaping each generation is much
118 than it once was. Elder generations still 119 younger ones in deep ways, and that moulding
(塑造) begins, within the 120 , as it always has.
106．A．received B．borrowed C．stole D．bought
107．A．paid for B．dealt with C．gave out D．heard of
108．A．warned B．replied C．complained D．explained
109．A．strength B．trust C．friendship D．love
110．A．stuck B．begun C．disappeared D．forgotten
111．A．Unnaturally B．Quietly C．Unintentionally D．Secretly
112．A．delight B．disappointment C．satisfaction D．panic
113．A．long B．important C．foggy D．clear
114．A．present B．accept C．discover D．avoid
115．A．assessment B．care C．measurement D．virtue
116．A．control B．increase C．remember D．meet
117．A．plans B．moments C．traditions D．beliefs
118．A．smaller B．fuller C．shorter D．broader
119．A．influence B．help C．support D．select
120．A．environment B．society C．family D．school【答案】
106．C 107．A 108．D 109．B 110．A 111．C 112．D 113．C 114．B
115．D 116．A 117．B 118．D 119．A 120．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者小时候偷胸针被父亲教育的故事，引出更深刻的话题：
家庭的影响深远，每一代人都会从上一代中学到很多。
106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我八岁的时候，从舞蹈课上的一个女孩那里偷了一个钻石胸针。A.
received收到；B. borrowed借用；C. stole偷窃；D. bought购买。根据下文“He worried that if I became a
thief, I would come to a bad end. How stealing cut the delicate bonds of 4 that connected me with those
around me.”可知，我偷了一个胸针。故选C。
107．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我父亲发现了那张他没有付钱的闪闪发光的胸针，就把我发现了。A.
paid for付款；B. dealt with处理；C. gave out发出；D. heard of听说。根据下文“He worried that if I became
a thief, I would come to a bad end. How stealing cut the delicate bonds of 4 that connected me with
those around me.”可知，这个胸针是我偷的，父亲并没有为它付钱。故选A。
108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他让我坐在书房的地板上，向我解释为什么我做错了。A. warned警告；
B. replied回答；C. complained投诉；D. explained解释。根据上文“why what I had done was wrong”可知，
父亲在向我解释。故选D。
109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：偷窃如何切断了我和周围人之间脆弱的信任纽带。A. strength力量；B.
trust信任；C. friendship友谊；D. love爱。根据上文“He worried that if I became a thief, I would come to a
bad end.”及常识可知，偷窃会让人失去他人的信任。故选B。
110．考查动词词义辨析。句意：30多年过去了，这个教训依然铭记在心：我不会有插队或偷酒店毛巾的
冲动。A. stuck铭记在心；B. begun开始；C. disappeared消失；D. forgotten遗忘。根据上文“Each new
generation learns from its elders. I’ll never forget one moment in my childhood.”可知，此处指这个教训依然铭
记在心。故选A。
111．考查副词词义辨析。句意：无意中带着我试过的带标签的太阳镜离开了一家商店，这让我恐慌了好
几个月。A. Unnaturally不自然地；B. Quietly安静地；C. Unintentionally无意中；D. Secretly秘密地。根据
上文“More than three decades on, the lesson has 5 : I don’t feel tempted (诱惑) to cut in line or steal
hotel towels.”可知，30多年过去了，这个教训依然铭记在心，所以带着我试过的带标签的太阳镜离开了一
家商店是无意之举。故选C。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无意中带着我试过的带标签的太阳镜离开了一家商店，这让我恐慌了好
几个月。A. delight喜悦；B. disappointment失望；C. satisfaction满意；D. panic恐慌。根据上文“More than
three decades on, the lesson has 5 : I don’t feel tempted (诱惑) to cut in line or steal hotel towels.”可知，
30多年过去了，这个教训依然铭记在心，所以无意中带着我试过的带标签的太阳镜离开了一家商店，这会
让我恐慌了好几个月。故选D。
113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的童年记忆模糊，但这样的时刻很显眼，我的父母把他们希望
我接受的价值观传递给了我。A. long长的；B. important重要的；C. foggy模糊的；D. clear清楚的。根据
上文“Though”及下文“such moments stand out”可知，前后形成让步关系，此处指虽然我的童年记忆模糊，
但这样的时刻很显眼。故选C。114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我的童年记忆模糊，但这样的时刻很显眼，我的父母把他们希望我
接受的价值观传递给了我。A. present出席；B. accept接受；C. discover发现；D. avoid避免。根据上文
“Though my childhood memories are 8 , such moments stand out”可知，我的父母把他们希望我接受
的价值观传递给了我。故选B。
115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们提供了美德的标准：站在别人的角度看问题，为了更大的利益控制
自己一时的贪婪。A. assessment评估；B. care护理；C. measurement测量；D. virtue美德。根据下文“to
take someone else’s perspective, to 11 my momentary greed for the greater good.”可知，此处指美德的
标准。故选D。
116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们提供了美德的标准:站在别人的角度看问题，为了更大的利益控制自
己一时的贪婪。A. control 控制；B. increase 增加；C. remember 记住；D. meet 会面。根据下文“my
momentary greed for the greater good”可知，此处指为了更大的利益控制自己一时的贪婪。故选A。
117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些重要的时刻是每一代人用来形成下一代的原材料。A. plans计划；B.
moments时刻；C. traditions传统；D. beliefs信念。根据上文“I’ll never forget one moment in my childhood.”
及“Though my childhood memories are 8 , such moments stand out”可知，此处指这些重要的时刻。
故选B。
118．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，影响每一代人的因素范围比以前广泛得多。A. smaller较小的；
B. fuller更丰满的；C. shorter更短的；D. broader更广泛的。根据上文“Yet the range of factors”可知，此处
指影响每一代人的因素范围比以前广泛得多。故选D。
119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：老一辈人仍然以深刻的方式影响着年轻一代，而且这种影响开始于家庭
内部，一如既往。A. influence 影响；B. help 帮助；C. support 支持；D. select 选择。根据上文“Such
important 1 2 are the raw material each generation uses to form the next. Yet the range of factors shaping
each generation is much 13 than it once was.”可知，老一辈人仍然以深刻的方式影响着年轻一代。
故选A。
120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：老一辈人仍然以深刻的方式影响着年轻一代，而且这种影响开始于家庭
内部，一如既往。A. environment 环境；B. society 社会；C. family 家庭；D. school 学校。根据上文
“Though my childhood memories are 8 , such moments stand out, when my parents passed on values
they hoped I’d 9 .”可知，这种影响开始于家庭内部。故选C。
9.（2023·湖南长沙·长郡中学校考模拟预测）When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn
to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 121 . But as most students progressed, I
seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students. I was filled with fear.
I knew I would 122 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another
123 . “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so ashamed and my world came 124
down in an instant.
From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 125 . With the day of the new
performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 126 , I asked for sick leave. It was
so relieving and such a(n) easy way out.
The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started127 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked Mum. She 128 and I realized I wanted
to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 129 out
of. I made a resolution not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 130
could be achieved.
The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 131
why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t shout at me
and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 132 I could play well.
My problem was solved and my fear was 133 a lot that year.
Looking back, I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 134 everything in a person’s life.
Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 135 inside. After facing
up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable.
121．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly
122．A．mess up B．move on C．set out D．take off
123．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor
124．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending
125．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter
126．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy
127．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating
128．A．had a point B．made a change C．reached a level D．took a break
129．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb
130．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution
131．A．figure out B．give away C．think over D．make up
132．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise
133．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced
134．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue
135．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped
【答案】
121．D 122．A 123．C 124．A 125．B 126．B 127．C 128．A 129．D
130．D 131．A 132．D 133．C 134．A 135．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过克服了演奏单簧管的恐惧领悟到了恐惧会消耗人的生活，逃避
它，只会创造一个无法爬出来的洞，面对它，人生会变得更加轻松和愉快。
121．考查副词短语辨析。句意：年初过得很顺利。A. badly糟糕地；B. endlessly无止境地；C. randomly
随机地；D. smoothly顺利地。根据下句“But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind.(但随着大多
数学生的进步，我似乎落后了)”可知，But前后表示转折，But后说慢慢地自己落后了，所以这里应是说这
一年刚开始的时候很顺利。故选D。
122．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A. mess up搞砸，弄糟；B. move on继续前进；C. setout出发；D. take off起飞。根据前句“I was filled with fear.(我充满了恐惧。)”可知，作者内心恐惧，感觉
自己会演奏不好，把事情搞砸。故选A。
123．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A. impression
印象；B. essay文章；C. story故事，描述；D. factor。but前后表示转折，前面“my rhythms(节奏) were
good”讲作者的节奏好，所以这里是说自己的音调不好。another story意为“另一回事，不同情况(通常指不
好的一面)”。故选C。
124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到非常羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. crashing崩溃，坍塌；B.
moving移动；C. selling出售；D. bending弯曲。根据句中的“I felt so ashamed”可知，受到老师的指责后，
作者很羞愧，世界崩溃了。故选A。
125．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且我越来越糟。A. stricter更严厉的；
B. worse更糟的；C. happier更开心的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据句中的“hated playing the clarinet”可知，
因为讨厌弹簧管，作者的表现变得越来越糟糕。故选B。
126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一阵恐慌中，我请了病假。A. joy高兴；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt怀疑；
D. sympathy同情。根据下文中的“my fears”可知，这里是fear的同义词复现，表示作者很恐慌。故选B。
127．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的眼泪开始流下来。A. drying（使）变干；B. disappearing消失；C.
flowing流；D. separating（使）分开。根据下文中的“why are you crying”可知，作者哭了。故选C。
128．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她说得有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，而且因为我没有面对自己的
恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. had a point 说得有道理；B. made a change 做出改变；C.
reached a level达到一个水平；D. took a break休息。根据空后的“and I realized...”可知，妈妈的话让作者意
识到了自己的问题，所以妈妈的话很有道理。故选A。
129．考查动词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. send发送；B. bring带来；C. pick捡起；D. climb爬。根据前
面的“a black hole”可知，这个黑洞难以爬出来。故选D。
130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心不逃避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧也要勇敢面对，这
样才能找到解决方案。A. balance平衡；B. degree程度；C. position位置；D. solution结局方案。根据下文
中的“My problem was solved”可知，作者要找到解决方案解决自己的问题。故选D。
131．考查动词短语辨析。句意：第二天，我见了我的乐队老师，告诉她我遇到了一个问题，不知道为什
么这样。A. figure out弄清楚；B. give away泄露；C. think over仔细考虑；D. make up编造，化妆。根据空
后的“why”可知，作者不知道为什么会出现这个问题。故选A。
132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，我能演奏得很好。A. anger气愤；B. sorrow悲伤；C.
disappointment失望；D. surprise惊讶。根据空后的“I could play well”可知，换了新的簧片之后，作者惊讶
地发现自己能演奏好了。故选D。
133．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我的问题得到了解决，我的恐惧也消除了很多。A. felt感觉；B.
shown显示；C. removed消除；D. voiced表达。根据下文中的“I overcame my fear”可知，作者那年的恐惧
消除了许多。故选C。
134．考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会吞噬一个人生活中的一切。A. consume消耗，毁灭；B. examine检
查；C. reflect反映；D. rescue拯救。根据下句“Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes
a person stay 15 inside.(躲避这些恐惧只会产生一个洞，让人被困在里面。)”可知，逃避会让人一直困在恐惧当中，这会消耗人生活当中的一切。故选A。
135．考查形容词短语辨析。句意参考上题。A. unknown未知的；B. unpunished未受惩罚的；C. interested
感兴趣的；D. trapped受困的。这里与上文中的“created a black hole that would be difficult to 9 out
of”相照应，说明这个洞会让人一直困在里面，难以爬出来。故选D。
10.（2023·广东·校联考三模）The world is full of opportunities. Ignoring them or seizing one depends on
one’s attitude. Mike seized the chance and did what he wanted to do.
Mike used to be a janitor (看门人) at an elementary school. He collected and cleared away the 136
for the school too. This school has a 137 place in Mike’s heart. He went to this school as a young boy
and was a teacher there for 19 years. However, before his career in teaching, he 138 in the same school
as a janitor. He has always been good at 139 with students.
Seeing this, the teachers 140 him to pursue a teaching career. After years of hard work and fierce
141 , Mike finished his degree in 2003 and 142 a teaching job at the elementary school. Since then,
he has become a constant 143 in the school.
Mike found teaching a very rewarding job. For him, it was important that the students grow up not just
remembering the 144 but also how a teacher made them feel. Mike was excited to teach the children at
the school and was 145 to teach the fifth grade. He was shocked when the directors offered him the
146 of principal a week before the school year started.
“I am 147 grateful. I don’t do anything special. I just 148 and try my best,” said
Mike. He was also very excited to take on the challenges of being the new 149 of the school, assume
new responsibilities and help 150 the school.
136．A．bag B．mouse C．refuse D．beggar
137．A．special B．formal C．mobile D．confusing
138．A．lived B．worked C．studied D．arrived
139．A．quarrelling B．debating C．fighting D．communicating
140．A．commanded B．encouraged C．constructed D．allowed
141．A．determinationB．appreciation C．suffering D．impression
142．A．rejected B．obtained C．offered D．reformed
143．A．candidate B．reporter C．figure D．cyclist
144．A．sufferings B．classmates C．pleasures D．lessons
145．A．prepared B．guided C．pressed D．depressed
146．A．role B．desire C．concern D．behavior
147．A．despairingly B．truly C．nearly D．exactly
148．A．let in B．get out C．set aside D．show up
149．A．operator B．visitor C．leader D．performer
150．A．rebuild B．search C．attain D．improve
【答案】136．C 137．A 138．B 139．D 140．B 141．A 142．B 143．C 144．D
145．A 146．A 147．B 148．D 149．C 150．D
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了迈克抓住机会，做了他想做的事。这表明这个世界充满了机
遇，忽视它们或抓住它们取决于一个人的态度。
136．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也为学校收集并清理了垃圾。A. bag包；B. mouse老鼠；C. refuse垃圾；
D. beggar 乞讨者。根据上文“Mike used to be a janitor (看门人) at an elementary school. He collected and
cleared away”可知，迈克作为学校的看门人，能收集并清理的应该是学校的垃圾。故选C。
137．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这所学校在迈克心中有着特殊的地位。A. special特殊的；B. formal正
式的；C. mobile无线的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据下文“He went to this school as a young boy and was
a teacher there for 19 years.”可知，这所学校对迈克来说是很特殊的存在。故选A。
138．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他从事教学工作之前，他曾在同一所学校担任看门人。A. lived
居住；B. worked工作；C. studied研究；D. arrived到达。根据下文“in the same school as a janitor”可知，这
里是指迈克从事教学工作之前的工作。故选B。
139．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一向善于与学生交流。A. quarrelling 争吵；B. debating 争论；C.
fighting打架；D. communicating交流。根据下文“Seeing this, the teachers 5 him to pursue a
teaching career. ”可知，这里指迈克善于与学生交流。故选D。
140．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这一点，老师们鼓励他从事教学事业。A. commanded要求；B.
encouraged鼓励；C. constructed建设；D. allowed允许。根据下文“him to pursue a teaching career”可知，这
是其他老师们鼓励迈克去做的事情。故选B。
141．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力和坚定的决心，迈克于2003年完成了学位，并在这所小
学找到了一份教学工作。A. determination决心；B. appreciation感激；C. suffering遭受痛苦；D. impression
印象。根据下文“Mike finished his degree in 2003”可知，迈克完成了学位，所以他应该是需要付出很多的
努力和决心。故选A。
142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. rejected拒绝；B. obtained获得；C. offered提供；D.
reformed改革。根据上文“Mike finished his degree in 2003”可知，迈克完成了学位，所以他会获得学校的
工作。故选B。
143．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他就成了学校里一个固定的人物。A. candidate候选人；B.
reporter记者；C. figure人物；D. cyclist骑自行车的人。根据上文“Mike finished his degree in 2003 and
7 a teaching job at the elementary school.”可知，迈克完成了学位并获得了在学校教学的工作，所以他应
该是学校的固定人物了。故选C。
144．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，重要的是，学生们在成长过程中不仅要记住课程，还要记住
老师给他们的感受。A. sufferings遭受痛苦；B. classmates同班同学；C. pleasures快乐；D. lessons课程。
根据上文“the students grow up not just remembering the”可知，学生上学要记住的最根本的是课程。故选
D。
145．考查动词词义辨析。句意：迈克很兴奋能在学校教孩子们，并准备教五年级的学生。A. prepared准
备；B. guided引导；C. pressed压；D. depressed使沮丧。根据下文“to teach the fifth grade.”可知，这是迈
克接下来准备要做的事情。故选A。146．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学年开始前一周，当董事们邀请他担任校长时，他感到震惊。A. role
角色；B. desire渴望；C. concern关心；D. behavior行为。根据下文“of principal”可知，这里指校长这个角
色。故选A。
147．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我真的很感激。我没有做任何特别的事情。我只是出现并尽我最大的
努力，”迈克说。A. despairingly 绝望地；B. truly真地；C. nearly几乎；D. exactly准确地。根据下文
“grateful”可知，这里是强调真的很感激。故选B。
148．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. let in允许进入；B. get out出去；C. set aside放一边；
D. show up出现。根据下文“and try my best,”可知，这里指迈克认为他只是出现在学校并且尽力做了他应
该做的事情。故选D。
149．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他也很兴奋能够接受成为学校新领导的挑战，承担新的责任，帮助改善
学校。A. operator操作者；B. visitor记者；C. leader领导者；D. performer表演者。根据上文“when the
directors offered him the 1 1 of principal”可知，这里指他做学校校长这个领导者职务。故选C。
150．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第 14题详解。A. rebuild重建；B. search研究；C. attain获得；D.
improve改善。根据上文“assume new responsibilities and help”可知，迈克作为新校长，他要承担新的责任，
并且帮助改善学校状况。故选D。
