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专题验收评价
专题 14 完形填空夹叙夹议文和说明文特点分析+高分策略
内容概览
A·常考题不丢分
【命题点01 命题点01 完形填空夹叙夹议文】
【命题点02 完形填空议论文和说明文】
【微专题 动词词义和动词短语辨析易错点】
B·拓展培优拿高分
C·挑战真题争满分
【命题点 01 完形填空夹叙夹议文】
（2023上·天津·高三天津市咸水沽第一中学校考期末）For years, Arthur ran a car dealership (汽车经销
店) in a small town in Australia. Everybody in the town knew and 1 Arthur. He was upright, as they said,
2 and thoughtful. He liked strolling along the streets of the town with his children. The 3 who met
him by the roadside would never return empty-handed. They later even began to feel embarrassed to 4
his handouts because they just received too many 5 from him. Under the influence of such a perfect boss,
his employees 6 harmoniously. But there was one 7 — a mechanic, who broke rules every
now and then and never 8 it. Arthur’s older son asked why his father kept the man. The answer the son
got was, “Ah, he probably didn’t 9 to do that.” Arthur thought the mechanic must have been through
something painful, which led to his 10 behavior. Arthur intended to help, but the mechanic seemed
to be 11 to reveal his heart.Something unexpected happened next. Arthur’s wife got a serious disease, which left her unable to function
12 . To well care for his wife at home, Arthur 13 his dealership. The employees all found
14 in other places, except the mechanic. 15 , Arthur kept paying him a salary until he got a
job. But it didn’t 16 the mechanic enough; he never visited the couple once. That was OK with
Arthur. He fairly had 17 on everybody around him 18 they didn’t show any
gratitude.
We often reserve compassion for those who we believe 19 it. But real compassion is that we
offer it without judgment, even to those around us who may not yet have the capacity to 20 the
favor.
1．A．suspected B．assisted C．pleased D．respected
2．A．generous B．strict C．competitive D．confident
3．A．traders B．beggars C．neighbors D．tourists
4．A．abandon B．donate C．accept D．question
5．A．challenges B．treasures C．setbacks D．favors
6．A．got on B．fell behind C．stood out D．showed off
7．A．pioneer B．reminder C．exception D．alternative
8．A．replaced B．balanced C．evaluated D．corrected
9．A．afford B．mean C．pretend D．volunteer
10．A．unusual B．informal C．amusing D．typical
11．A．disappointed B．proud C．unwilling D．unable
12．A．rapidly B．independently C．gracefully D．leisurely
13．A．left aside B．partnered with C．attended to D．shut down
14．A．employment B．evidence C．lessons D．privileges
15．A．Helplessly B．Flexibly C．Incredibly D．Obviously
16．A．attract B．soften C．convince D．protect
17．A．comments B．judgments C．reliance D．mercy
18．A．as though B．now that C．even if D．in case
19．A．repeat B．deserve C．forgive D．regret
20．A．return B．refuse C．prove D．spread
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．A11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了汽车经销店主亚瑟不图回报地善待自己的机械师的故事。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：镇上的每个人都认识并尊敬亚瑟。A. suspected怀疑；B. assisted帮助；C.
pleased取悦；D. respected尊重。根据下文“He was upright, as they said, 2 and thoughtful.”可知，
镇上的每个人都尊敬亚瑟。故选D。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正如他们所说，他正直、慷慨、体贴。A. generous慷慨的；B. strict严格
的；C. competitive竞争的；D. confident自信的。根据下文“The 3 who met him by the roadside
would never return empty-handed.”可知，他很慷慨。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在路边遇到他的乞丐再也不会两手空空地回来了。A. traders商人；B.
beggars乞讨者；C. neighbors邻居；D. tourists游客。根据句中“by the roadside would never return empty-
handed”可知，在路边遇到他的是乞丐。故选B。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，他们甚至开始不好意思接受他的施舍，因为他们从他那里得到了太
多的帮助。A. abandon舍弃；B. donate捐赠；C. accept接受；D. question质疑。根据下文“because they just
received too many 5 from him”可知，他们不好意思接受他的施舍。故选C。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. challenges挑战；B. treasures宝藏；C. setbacks挫折；D. favors恩
惠。根据上文“would never return empty-handed”可知，他们接受的是他的施舍。故选D。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这样一位完美的老板的影响下，他的员工和谐相处。A. got on相处；B.
fell behind落后；C. stood out脱颖而出；D. showed off炫耀。根据上文“Under the influence of such a perfect
boss”及空后“harmoniously”可知，此处指他的员工和谐相处。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有一个例外，那就是一个机械师，他时不时地违反规则，但从来没有改
正过。A. pioneer先驱；B. reminder提醒；C. exception例外；D. alternative选择。根据But和下文“broke
rules every now and then and never 8 it”可知，这个机械师是个例外。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. replaced替代；B. balanced平衡；C. evaluated评估；D. corrected
改正。根据上文“broke rules every now and then”以及“never”可知，此处指这位机械师时不时地违反规则，
但从来没有改正过。故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：儿子得到的回答是，“啊，他可能不是故意这么做的。”A. afford负担得起；
B. mean打算；C. pretend假装；D. volunteer志愿。根据下文“Arthur thought the mechanic must have been
through something painful, which led to his 1 0 behavior.”可知，亚瑟认为机械师不是故意这么做的。
故选B。10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亚瑟认为机械师一定经历了一些痛苦的事情，这导致了他不同寻常的行
为。A. unusual不寻常的；B. informal不正式的；C. amusing好笑的；D. typical典型的。根据上文“who
broke rules every now and then and never 8 it”可知，机械师的行为不同寻常。故选A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亚瑟本想帮忙，但机械师似乎不愿意透露他的心声。A. disappointed失
望的；B. proud自豪的；C. unwilling不愿意的；D. unable不能的。根据句中“Arthur intended to help,”以及
表示转折意义的连词but可知，机械师似乎不愿意透露他的心声。故选C。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：亚瑟的妻子得了一种严重的疾病，导致她无法自理。A. rapidly迅速地；B.
independently独立地；C. gracefully优雅地；D. leisurely悠闲地。根据下文“To well care for his wife at
home, Arthur 1 3 his dealership.”可知，亚瑟的妻子得了一种严重的疾病，导致她无法自理。故选
B。
13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了在家照顾好妻子，亚瑟关闭了他的经销店。A. left aside放在一边；B.
partnered with与某人合作；C. attended to照顾；D. shut down关闭。根据下文“The employees all found
14 in other places”可知，为了在家照顾好妻子，亚瑟关闭了他的经销店。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了机修工外，所有员工都在其他地方找到了工作。A. employment就业；
B. evidence证据；C. lessons课；D. privileges特权。根据下文“Arthur kept paying him a salary until he got a
job”可知，所有员工都在其他地方找到了工作。故选A。
15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人难以置信的是，亚瑟一直给他发工资，直到他找到工作。A.
Helplessly无助地；B. Flexibly灵活地；C. Incredibly难以置信地；D. Obviously显然地。根据下文“Arthur
kept paying him a salary until he got a job”可知，亚瑟一直给他发工资，直到他找到工作，这是令人难以置信
的。故选C。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这并没有足够软化机械师；他从未拜访过这对夫妇。A. attract吸引；B.
soften使态度缓和；使变和蔼；C. convince使相信；D. protect保护。根据下文“he never visited the couple
once”可知，亚瑟的所作所为并没有让机械师变和蔼。故选B。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对周围的每一个人都相当仁慈，即使他们没有表现出任何感激之情。A.
comments评论；B. judgments评价；C. reliance依靠；D. mercy仁慈。根据上文亚瑟对待乞丐和机械师态度
可知，他对周围的每一个人都相当仁慈。故选D。
18．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. as though好像；B. now that既然；C. even if尽管；D. in case以
防。根据下文“But real compassion is that we offer it without judgment, even to those around us who may not
yet have the capacity to 2 0 the favor.”以及句意可知，此处应用让步状语从句的引导词。故选C。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们经常对那些我们认为值得同情的人保留同情。A. repeat重复；B.deserve值得；C. forgive原谅；D. regret后悔。根据下文“But real compassion is that we offer it without
judgment(但真正的同情是，我们在没有判断的情况下提供同情)”可知，我们经常对那些我们认为值得同情
的人保留同情。故选B。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但真正的同情是，我们在没有判断的情况下提供同情，即使是对我们周围
那些可能还没有能力回报的人。A. return回报；B. refuse拒绝；C. prove证明；D. spread传播。根据上文
“But it didn’t 16 the mechanic enough; he never visited the couple once. That was OK with Arthur.”可知，从
亚瑟帮助他人，并不图回报。故选A。
【命题点 02 完形填空议论文和说明文】
1.（2022上·河南漯河·高三校考期末）Which ones are quick language learners, adults or young children? It
is not hard to answer, because there is new evidence showing kids really can learn things much 61 than
adults.
A study published in Current Biology 62 that children and adults have different concentrations (含
量) of a key brain messenger called GABA．This 63 makes newly-learned materials steadier. It also
produces a calming effect and is thought to largely 64 nerve cell hyperactivity associated with 65
, stress, and fear.
The team used neuro-imaging 66 to examine visual perceptive learning in elementary pupils and
adults. 67 were shown multiple different images and were later asked questions about them following the
test. The visual learning 68 an increase of GABA in children’s visual cortex (大脑皮层), the area of the
brain that 69 visual information. GABA levels didn’t change at all when adults 70 the same
visual tests. Children participants kept GABA 71 for hours after training ended, while the
concentrations of GABA remained 72 in the adults studied.
“In continuous behavioral experiments, we found that children 73 steadied new learning much
more rapidly than adults, which 74 the common belief that children are 75 to adults in
their learning abilities,” study co-author Sebastian M. Frank said. “Our results proves GABA as a 76
player in making learning efficient in children.”
These results, the authors argue, should 77 teachers and parents to keep giving children
opportunities to learn anything from riding a bike to playing an instrument throughout their 78 .
In future studies, the team plans to 79 the differences in maturation rates between brain regions
and functions and GABA responses in other 80 of learning, such as reading and writing.61．A．deeper B．slower C．faster D．longer
62．A．infers B．finds C．dedicates D．responds
63．A．messenger B．brain C．study D．team
64．A．strengthen B．guarantee C．enrich D．control
65．A．happiness B．relaxation C．anxiety D．comfort
66．A．arms B．abilities C．techniques D．furniture
67．A．Adults B．Subjects C．Researchers D．Pupils
68．A．set up B．set aside C．set down D．set off
69．A．processes B．provides C．shrinks D．interrupts
70．A．arranged B．took C．suffered D．digested
71．A．floating B．booming C．collapsing D．sleeping
72．A．consistent B．reliable C．ambiguous D．arbitrary
73．A．partly B．doubtfully C．indeed D．vaguely
74．A．proves B．predicts C．opposes D．ignores
75．A．similar B．equal C．familiar D．superior
76．A．key B．ridiculous C．poisonous D．random
77．A．force B．encourage C．reserve D．allow
78．A．revolution B．teens C．childhood D．voyage
79．A．inquire B．comprehend C．immerse D．explore
80．A．characters B．descriptions C．certificates D．types
【答案】61．C 62．B 63．A 64．D 65．C 66．C 67．B 68．D 69．A
70．B 71．B 72．A 73．C 74．A 75．D 76．A 77．B 78．C 79．D
80．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了持续的行为实验表明儿童确实比成人学东西快得多，他们在学习
能力上更优越，而大脑中一种名为GABA的关键信使在提高儿童学习效率方面发挥了关键作用。
61．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个问题不难回答，因为有新的证据表明，儿童确实比成人学东西快得多。
A. deeper更深地；B. slower更缓慢地；C. faster更快地；D. longer更长久地。根据下文“we found that
children ____13____ steadied new learning much more rapidly than adults”可知，此处表示儿童比成人学东西快
得多，faster和下文的more rapidly呼应。故选C。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：发表在《当代生物学》期刊上的一项研究发现，儿童和成人大脑中一种名
为GABA的关键信使的浓度不同。A. infers推断；B. finds发现；C. dedicates致力于；D. responds回应。根据下一段对研究过程和结果的描述可知，空后内容为该研究团队的研究发现。故选B。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种信使使新学到的素材更加稳定。A. messenger信使；B. brain大脑；C.
study研究；D. team团队。根据上文“a key brain messenger called GABA”可知，此处指代上文提到的
GABA，即大脑信使。故选A。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还能产生镇静作用，被认为能在很大程度上控制与焦虑、压力和恐惧相
关的神经细胞过度活跃。A. strengthen加强；B. guarantee保证；C. enrich丰富；D. control控制。根据上文
“It also produces a calming effect”可知，GABA可以产生镇静作用，由此可知，它可以控制相关的神经细
胞过度活跃。故选D。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它还能产生镇静作用，被认为能在很大程度上控制与焦虑、压力和恐惧相
关的神经细胞过度活跃。A. happiness幸福；B. relaxation放松；C. anxiety焦虑；D. comfort舒适。根据下
文“stress, and fear”可推知，此处和压力和恐惧等负面情绪相关，anxiety“焦虑”符合语境。故选C。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究小组使用神经成像技术检查小学生和成人的视觉感知学习能力。A.
arms武器；B. abilities能力；C. techniques技术；D. furniture家具。根据上文“neuro-imaging”可推知，此
处指研究小组使用神经成像技术。故选C。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究人员向受试者展示了多幅不同的图像，并在测试结束后向他们提问有
关这些图像的问题。A. Adults成年人；B. Subjects受试者；C. Researchers研究人员；D. Pupils学生。根据
上文“elementary pupils and adults”可知，此处指参与该研究的小学生和成人，即受试者。故选B。
68．考查动词短语辨析。句意：视觉学习引发了儿童视觉皮层（大脑中处理视觉信息的区域）中GABA的
增加。A. set up建立；B. set aside留出；C. set down放下；D. set off引起。根据下文“an increase of GABA
in children’s visual cortex”可推知，视觉学习应该是引发了儿童视觉皮层中GABA的增加。故选D。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：视觉学习引发了儿童视觉皮层（大脑中处理视觉信息的区域）中GABA的
增加。A. processes处理；B. provides提供；C. shrinks收缩；D. interrupts打断。根据上文“the area of the
brain”和下文“visual information”可推知，大脑中的这一区域负责处理视觉信息。故选A。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成人参加同样的视觉测试时，GABA水平完全没有变化。A. arranged安
排；B. took参加；C. suffered遭受；D. digested消化。根据上文“____7____ were shown multiple different
images and were later asked questions about them following the test.”可推知，此处指成人参加同样的视觉测试。
故选B。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在训练结束后的数小时内，儿童参与者的GABA水平持续增长，而成人参
与者的GABA水平则保持不变。A. floating漂浮；B. booming激增；C. collapsing崩溃；D. sleeping睡眠。
根据下文“while the concentrations of GABA remained ____12____ in the adults studied”可知，此处儿童和成人的GABA水平形成对比，成人的应该是没有变化，而儿童的在持续增长。故选B。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在训练结束后的数小时内，儿童参与者的GABA水平持续增长，而成人
参与者的GABA水平则保持不变。A. consistent持续不变的；B. reliable可靠的；C. ambiguous模棱两可的；
D. arbitrary武断的。根据上文“GABA levels didn’t change at all when adults ____10____ the same visual
tests.”和“remained”可推知，此处指成人参与者的GABA水平则保持不变，consistent与上文的didn’t
change at all呼应。故选A。
73．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在持续的行为实验中，我们发现儿童确实比成人更快地稳定住新学习，这
证明了儿童在学习能力上优于成人的普遍看法。A. partly部分地；B. doubtfully怀疑地；C. indeed确实；D.
vaguely模糊地。根据上文“because there is new evidence showing kids really can learn things much ____1____
than adults”可知，新证据表明儿童学习的速度快于成人，此处是表示强调，应用indeed与上文的really呼
应。故选C。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在持续的行为实验中，我们发现儿童确实比成人更快地稳定住新学习，这
证明了儿童在学习能力上优于成人的普遍看法。A. proves证明；B. predicts预测；C. opposes反对；D.
ignores忽视。根据上文“In continuous behavioral experiments, we found that children ____13____ steadied new
learning much more rapidly than adults”和常识可推知，持续的行为实验发现儿童学习新事物的速度快于成人，
这可以证明通常认为的儿童学习能力更强的看法。故选A。
75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在持续的行为实验中，我们发现儿童确实比成人更快地稳定住新学习，
这证明了儿童在学习能力上优于成人的普遍看法。A. similar相似的；B. equal相等的；C. familiar熟悉的；
D. superior优越的。根据上文“the common belief”和常识可推知，普遍的看法是儿童的学习能力上优于成
人。故选D。
76．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果证明，GABA在提高儿童学习效率方面发挥了关键作用。
A. key关键的；B. ridiculous荒谬的；C. poisonous有毒的；D. random随机的。根据上文“children and
adults have different concentrations (含量) of a key brain messenger called GABA”可知，在该研究中儿童与成
人学习速度的不同主要由GABA的含量来反映，由此推知，此处指GABA发挥了关键作用。故选A。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作者认为，这些结果应该鼓励教师和家长在整个童年时期不断给孩子提供
学习从骑自行车到演奏乐器等任何东西的机会。A. force强迫；B. encourage鼓励；C. reserve保留；D.
allow允许。根据上文研究证实儿童的学习效率更高，以及下文“teachers and parents to keep giving children
opportunities to learn anything”可推知，研究结果可以鼓励教师和家长为儿童提供学习机会。故选B。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作者认为，这些结果应该鼓励教师和家长在整个童年时期不断给孩子提供
学习从骑自行车到演奏乐器等任何东西的机会。A. revolution革命；B. teens青少年；C. childhood童年；D.voyage航行。根据上文研究证实儿童的学习效率更高可推知，研究的作者会建议在童年时期让孩子尽可能
地多学。故选C。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在未来的研究中，该团队计划探索大脑区域和功能之间成熟率的差异，以
及其他如阅读和写作等类型学习中GABA反应的差异。A. inquire询问；B. comprehend理解；C. immerse
沉浸；D. explore探索。根据上文该研究团队进行的是实证研究，以及下文“the differences in maturation
rates between brain regions and functions and GABA responses”可推知，此处指他们计划进一步探索这些内容。
故选D。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在未来的研究中，该团队计划探索大脑区域和功能之间成熟率的差异，以
及其他如阅读和写作等类型学习中GABA反应的差异。A. characters人物；B. descriptions描述；C.
certificates证书；D. types类型。根据下文“such as reading and writing”可知，这是不同类型的学习。故选
D。
2.（2023上·河南郑州·高三郑州外国语学校校考期末）Space exploration has always been the province of
51 : The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力) struggles to follow. A Voyage to
the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was
dead and buried for a good three centuries 52 the first manned rockets started to fly.
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade’s end,
those words, too, had a 53 quality. They resonated (共鸣) with optimism and 54 in much
the same way as the most famous 55 speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later.
By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and 56 American society. 57
, in many ways the two dreams ended up 58 each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is
intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is
figuratively and literally otherworldly in its 59 .
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand 60 to the Apollo missions.
The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no 61 . The
continuous argument is that 62 are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the
current concerns about the federal deficit (赤字), reaching toward the stars seems an unnecessary luxury— 63
saving one-thousandth of a single year’s budget would solve our problems.
But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most value
for the money spent. They will serve as modern Magellans, 64 out the solar system for whatever
explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-upassault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within 65
of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could 66 .
The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us — not just because of the way they expand human knowledge,
or because of the 67 they produce, but because the two types of dreams support each other. Both Martin
Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can 68 what were once considered
great limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will
overcome these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the 69 . The more evidence we collect
that our species is 70 greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.
51．A．dreamers B．explorers C．astronomers D．novelists
52．A．after B．before C．until D．while
53．A．realistic B．practical C．attractive D．dreamlike
54．A．reflection B．ambition C．ignorance D．recognition
55．A．inspiring B．public C．dream D．free
56．A．attacked B．industrialized C．transformed D．accessed
57．A．Therefore B．Instead C．Additionally D．However
58．A．in conflict withB．in line with C．in common with D．in pace with
59．A．aims B．damage C．power D．terms
60．A．followup B．breakthrough C．backup D．takeover
61．A．ancestor B．successor C．forefather D．advocate
62．A．situations B．securities C．funds D．schedules
63．A．just like B．so that C．as if D．on condition that
64．A．making B．figuring C．sweeping D．mapping
65．A．reach B．range C．control D．knowledge
66．A．drop behind B．go mainstream C．come to power D．dig out
67．A．productions B．chips C．technologies D．substitutes
68．A．go beyond B．go through C．go after D．go over
69．A．approval B．gratitude C．credit D．commitment
70．A．preferable to B．capable of C．proud of D．convinced of
【答案】51．A 52．B 53．D 54．B 55．A 56．C 57．D 58．A 59．A
60．A 61．B 62．C 63．C 64．D 65．A 66．B 67．C 68．A 69．C70．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直都是梦想家的领域，它激发了人类的想象力和创造力，
而人类的聪明才智也紧追不舍，最终将人类送上了太空。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领域：人类的想象力在人类的创造力难以企及的
地方迅速翱翔。A. dreamers梦想家；B. explorers探险家；C. astronomers天文学家；D. novelists小说家。根
据下文“The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity (创造力)struggles to follow.(人类的想象
力在人类的创造力难以企及的地方迅速翱翔。)”可知，太空探索一直是“梦想家”的领域，呼应下文“the
space dreamers”。故选A项。
52．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在第一批载人火箭开始飞行之前，西拉诺已经死了，并被埋葬了整整三个
世纪。A. after在……之后；B. before在……之前；C. until直到；D. while当……的时候。根据上文
“Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries(西拉诺已经死了，并被埋葬了整整三个世纪)”可知，
此处用before表示在第一批载人火箭开始飞行“之前”西拉诺已经死了。故选B项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1961年，当肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人类送上月球时，这些话
也有一种梦幻的感觉。A. realistic务实的；B. practical实用的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. dreamlike梦一
般的。根据上文“In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the
decade’s end(1961年，肯尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人类送上月球)”可知，这些话应该是“梦幻般
的”。故选D项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的乐观和雄心与两年后马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King Jr.)最著名的鼓
舞人心的演讲在很大程度上是一样的。A. reflection反射；B. ambition雄心；C. ignorance无知；D.
recognition认可。根据上文的“optimism”可知，此处用ambition与上文呼应，表示“雄心”（1961年，肯
尼迪总统宣布美国将在十年内将人类送上月球）符合语境。故选B项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. public公共的；C. dream理想的；D.
free自由的。根据下文的“delivered by Martin Luther King Jr.(马丁·路德·金发表的)”可知，此处用inspiring
表示“鼓舞人心的”演讲。故选A项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到90年代末，这两种愿景都取得了具体成果，改变了美国社会。A.
attacked袭击；B. industrialized使工业化；C. transformed改变、转化；D. accessed进入。根据下文“The
fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic (讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact.(争取种族
和经济平等的斗争是非常务实且有直接的影响。)”可知，此处是指“改变了”美国社会。故选C项。
57．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在许多方面，这两个梦想最终相互冲突。A. Therefore因此；B.
Instead代替；C. Additionally另外；D. However然而。分析上下文语境可知，上下文是转折关系，所以用However表示“然而”符合语境。故选D项。
58．考查介词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. in conflict with和……冲突；B. in line with符合；C. in common
with与……一样；D. in pace with随着。根据下文“The urge to explore space is just the opposite(探索太空的
欲望恰恰相反)”可知，此处指这两个梦想最终发生了冲突。故选A项。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的目的在形象上和字面上都是超凡脱俗的。A. aims目的；B. damage损
坏；C. power权力；D. terms术语。根据上文“The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic
(讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact.(争取种族和经济平等的斗争是非常务实且有直接的影响。)”可知，
此处指探索太空的目的。故选A项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：阿波罗计划之后，没有大规模的后续行动。A. followup追踪、后续行动；
B. breakthrough突破；C. backup后备；D. takeover接管。根据上文“When the dust settled, the space
dreamers lost out.(尘埃落定后，太空梦想家们迷失了方向)”可知，此处指没有了后续行动，所以用followup
表示“追踪、后续行动”符合语境。故选A项。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在技术上受到影响的航天飞机计划刚刚结束，没有后续计划。A. ancestor
祖先；B. successor后续事物、继承者；C. forefather前辈；D. advocate拥护者。根据第10题的分析，阿波
罗计划以后没有大规模的后续行动，所以此处用successor表示“后续事物、后续计划”符合语境。故选B
项。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：持续的争论是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。A. situations情况；
B. securities担保；C. funds基金；D. schedules时间表。根据下文“Amid the current concerns about the
federal deficit(在当前对联邦赤字的担忧中)”可知，此处是指资金紧张。故选C项。
63．考查连词词义辨析。句意：在当前对联邦赤字的担忧中，仰望星空似乎是一种不必要的奢侈——好像
节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。A. just like就像；B. so that以便；C. as if 好像；D. on
condition that条件是。根据上文“reaching toward the stars seems an unnecessary luxury(仰望星空似乎是一种
不必要的奢侈)”可知，此处用as if表示“好像”与上文呼应。故选C项。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们将作为现代麦哲伦人，为任何探险家绘制太阳系地图，无论是人类还
是机器。A. making制作；B. figuring计算；C. sweeping打扫；D. mapping绘地图。根据下文“the solar
system”可知，此处指“绘制”太阳系地图。故选D项。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在未来几年内，富裕的平民百姓也可以进行私人太空飞行。A. reach影响
范围；B. range范围；C. control控制；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“On the flip side, companies like Virgin
Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public.(另一方面，像维
珍银河这样的公司正在策划一场自下而上的攻击，让太空梦想成为公众的现实。)”可知，此处指私人太空飞行可能成为富裕的平民百姓也能接触的事情，所以用within reach表示“在够到的范围内、接触到”符合
语境。故选A项。
66．考查动词短语辨析。句意：再过一二十年，它就会成为主流。A. drop behind落伍；B. go mainstream
成为主流；C. come to power执政；D. dig out掘出。结合第15题的分析再根据上文“Another decade or
two”可知，此出处用短语go mainstream表示未来私人太空飞行会“成为主流”符合语境。故选B项。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益——不仅仅是因为他们扩展人类知识的
方式，或者因为他们生产的技术，而是因为这两种类型的梦想是相互支持的。A. productions生产；B. chips
炸薯条；C. technologies技术；D. substitutes替代物。根据空格后的“they produce”可知，此处指太空梦想
家们生产的副产品“技术”。故选C项。
68．考查动词短语辨析。句意：马丁·路德·金(Martin Luther King)和约翰·肯尼迪(John Kennedy)都认为，人
类可以超越曾经被认为的巨大的局限。A. go beyond超出；B. go through通过；C. go after追求；D. go over
复习。根据下文“what were once considered great limitations(曾经被认为的巨大的局限性)”和“Tomorrow we
will overcome these as well(明天，我们也将克服这些困难)”可知，此处用短语go beyond指“超越”局限性，
符合语境。故选A项。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：明天，我们也将克服这些困难，梦想家们理应得到赞扬。A. approval同意；
B. gratitude感激；C. credit信誉、赞扬；D. commitment承诺。分析句意再根据上文的“The space dreamers
end up benefiting all of us(太空梦想家最终使我们所有人受益)”和“deserve”可知，此处用credit表示理应得
到“赞扬”符合语境。故选C项。
70．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们收集的证据越多，表明人类有能力变得伟大，我们就越能真正实现
它。A. preferable to更可取的；B. capable of有……能力的；C. proud of为……自豪；D. convinced of使确信。
根据下文“the more we will actually achieve it(我们就越能真正实现它)”可知，我们的物种有能力做到伟大，
所以用capable of表示“有……能力的”符合语境。故选B项。
【微专题 名 词词义和动词短语辨析易错点】
（2023上·辽宁葫芦岛·高三统考期末）Years ago, a neighbour kid kicked a football and broke a small 36
of our house. We were a family living on a small 37 at the time, so I boarded it up, thinking I’d get to it
someday.
Over the years, I’d sometimes ask some advice from window companies. The plan was to upgrade to energy-
efficient windows for the whole house, an 38 process—$ 15, 000. It was simply out of 39 and I
turned it down again.40 , the thought of that window ate at me for years. Every time I went down there, it kept 41
me. I knew I needed to deal with it, but I had built up the 42 so much in my mind that I put it off again and
again.
Then my wife had a job 43 , and we needed to move. A 44 buyer couldn’t get a loan on the
house if there was a 45 window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing. It had already been for at
least 5 years.
I used some rust (锈) remover, sprayed all around the rusted frame, and gave it a 46 pull. To my
47 , it easily moved. I pulled the window out and took it downtown. It was a 12 fix.
I could have fixed the problem for 12 the 48 day when it happened. But I let it worry me for years.
49 , this isn’t just about my window. Many of us tend to live with broken windows of one type or another for
years. We suffer more in 50 than in reality. Step forward, and you’ll find a solution.
36．A．roof B．window C．door D．curtain
37．A．salary B．fame C．passion D．chance
38．A．accessible B．official C．expensive D．energetic
39．A．order B．balance C．breath D．reach
40．A．Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Instead
41．A．replying B．troubling C．driving D．reporting
42．A．difficulty B．confidence C．joy D．harm
43．A．change B．interest C．habit D．journey
44．A．polite B．weak C．strange D．potential
45．A．defeated B．fitted C．broken D．cured
46．A．lazy B．strong C．familiar D．strange
47．A．disappointmentB．embarrassment C．astonishment D．encouragement
48．A．same B．different C．early D．new
49．A．Frequently B．Actually C．Consequently D．Unexpectedly
50．A．experiment B．discussion C．reaction D．imagination
【答案】36．B 37．A 38．C 39．D 40．C 41．B 42．A 43．A 44．D
45．C 46．B 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己修复被打破窗户的经历告诉我们，想象带来苦难远远
大于现实中真正的痛苦。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几年前，邻居家的一个小孩踢足球，打破了我们家的一扇窗户。A. roof屋顶；B. window窗户；C. door门；D. curtain窗帘。根据句中“a neighbour kid kicked a football and broke...”
和下文“Over the years, I’d sometimes ask some advice from window companies. The plan was to upgrade to
energy-efficient windows for the whole house”可推知，足球打破的“窗户”。故选B项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我们一家人的收入很低，所以我把它钉了起来，想着总有一天我能修
复它。A. salary工资；B. fame名誉；C. passion激情；D. chance机会。根据下文中的“so I boarded it up,
thinking I’d get to it someday.”可知，作者用板子将窗户封起来，以后再修理，说明作者家境不好，由此推
断，作者家靠微薄的“工资”度日。故选A项。
38．考查形容词义辨析。句意：他们的计划是将整个房子的窗户升级为节能窗户，这是一个昂贵的程序，
要花费1.5万美元。A. accessible可得到的；B. official官方的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. energetic精力旺盛
的。根据上文中的“The plan was to upgrade to energy-efficient windows…”以及下文中的“$ 15, 000”可知，
此处指的是一次“昂贵的”程序。故选C项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这实在是遥不可及，所以又拒绝了。A. order命令；B. balance平衡；C.
breath呼吸；D. reach可到达的距离，能及的范围。根据上文中的“We were a family living on a small
___2___ at the time”可知，作者家境一般，所以15, 000美元对他家来说是“遥不可及的”，out of reach意
为“遥不可及”符合语境。故选D项。
40．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，多年来一想到那扇窗户，我一直耿耿于怀。A. Therefore因此；B.
Besides此外；C. However然而；D. Instead反而。根据上文中的“It was simply out of ___4___ and I turned it
down again.”以及下文中的“the thought of that window ate at me for years.”可知，上下文之间为转折关系。
故选C项。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我去那里，它都一直困扰着我。A. replying依赖；B. troubling困扰；
C. driving驱使；D. reporting报道。根据下文中的“But I let it worry me for years.”可知，此处指的是“困
扰”作者好多年。故选B项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要处理它，但我已经在脑海中积累了太多的困难，所以我一次
又一次地推迟它。A. difficulty困难；B. confidence信心；C. joy快乐；D. harm伤害。根据下文中的“We
suffer more in ___15___ than in reality.”可知，作者不断拒绝修理窗户，是因为在大脑中构想了太多的“困
难”。故选A项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来我妻子换了工作，我们需要搬家。A. change改变；B. interest兴趣；
C. habit习惯；D. journey旅行。根据下文中的“and we needed to move.”可知，作者要搬家是因为他妻子换
了工作。故选A项。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果房子的窗户被打破了，潜在的买家就无法获得贷款。A. polite礼貌的；B. weak虚弱的；C. strange奇怪的，陌生的；D. potential潜在的。根据下文中的“couldn’t get a loan on
the house”可知，该买家需要贷款买房，还没有买，所以是“潜在的”买家。故选D项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个潜在的买家说他没法为一个有坏窗户的房屋申请贷款。A. defeated打
败；B. fitted安装；C. broken打破；D. cured治愈。根据上文中的“Years ago, a neighbour kid kicked a
football and broke a small ___1___ of our house.”可知，小孩子踢球把作者加的窗户打破，作者由于各种原因
未修复，所以此处是“打破”的窗户。故选C项。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我用了一些除锈剂，喷在生锈的框架周围，并使劲一拉。A. lazy懒惰的；
B. strong强壮的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文中的“To my ___12___, it easily moved.”
可知，作者以为很难拆掉，所以“用力”去拉。故选B项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我感到惊讶的是，窗户的框架很轻松地被扯掉了。A. disappointment失
望；B. embarrassment尴尬；C. astonishment惊讶；D. encouragement鼓励。根据上文中的“I used some rust
(锈) remover, sprayed all around the rusted frame, and gave it a ___11___ pull.”以及下文中的“it easily moved.”
可知，此处表示作者感到很惊讶，原以为很难拆掉的窗户竟然很容易拆掉。故选C项。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我本可以在事情发生的当天用12美元解决这个问题。A. same同样的；
B. different不同的；C. early早的；D. new新的。根据空前的“I could have fixed the problem for 12…”可知，
此处表示的作者的一种假设，本可以就在事情发生的当天花费12美元修好的窗户，却迟迟未修复，表示
“当天”也就是事情发生的同一天。故选A项。
49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，这不仅仅是窗户的问题。A. Frequently频繁的；B. Actually实际
上；C. Consequently因此；D. Unexpectedly出乎意料地。根据下文中的“Many of us tend to live with broken
windows of one type or another for years.”可知，作者在陈述一个事实，“实际上”，这根本不是一个窗户的
问题。故选B项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与其说是现实让我们受难，不如说是想象让我们遭罪。A. experiment实验；
B. discussion讨论；C. reaction反应；D. imagination想象。根据上文中的“I knew I needed to deal with it, but
I had built up the ___7___ so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.”可知，作者在大脑中不断构想着
各种修复窗户的困难，导致作者被此事一致困扰着，在根据下文“I could have fixed the problem for 12 the
___13___ day when it happened.”可知，实际上，本可以在事情发生当天花费12美元就能解决问题，由此可
推断，很多时候，人们总是把困难想的太多，所以想象带来苦难远远大于现实中真正的痛苦。故选D项。（2023下·河南开封·高三河南省杞县高中校联考期末）Driving herein the mountains can be a challenge in
the summertime. The holes and stones in the road make it a 81 ride. The low hanging trees, full of green
leaves, 82 your view. And you always have to be on the lookout for dogs, cats and deer 83 the
road.
I saw an incredibly 84 sight here just the other day. As I was 85 along, I saw a baby deer
lying dead along the side of the road. Its white spots were still on it. It was so heart-breaking to see it like that and I
86 in ease more deer were coming down the mountains to drink from the 87 that ran alongside the
highway. When I 88 another curve(拐弯处), felt a(n) 89 inside my heart and a voice inside my
mind, saying “Slow down, more!”
I 90 my speed again.
Suddenly two adult deer leaped across the road. I 91 on the brakes until I came to a complete 92
, and just as I stopped, two baby deer appeared from the woods after their parents, 93 them pass and felt
94 that I hadn’t hit those baby deer. Then I 95 and thanked myself for having listened to that 96
in my heart and mind.
So many times I have 97 a whispered urging in my heart to says something 98 or to help
someone in need.
May you always listen to the 99 in your heart. They will turn you into a better 100 .They
will always lead you Home!
81．A．rough B．long C．steady D．straight
82．A．widen B．improve C．limit D．injure
83．A．breaking B．crossing C．blocking D．destroying
84．A．interesting B．annoying C．funny D．sad
85．A．driving B．running C．slipping D．walking
86．A．cried out B．ran away C．slowed down D．looked backward
87．A．cup B．river C．car D．tree
88．A．desired B．missed C．ignored D．rounded
89．A．urge B．pain C．hope D．sign
90．A．checked B．saw C．reduced D．forgot
91．A．rested B．relied C．fell D．stepped
92．A．success B．stop C．challenge D．repair93．A．watched B．made C．heard D．pulled
94．A．worried B．scared C．relieved D．amused
95．A．lied B．froze C．hiked D．smiled
96．A．lecture B．message C．noise D．news
97．A．felt B．changed C．kept D．hidden
98．A．special B．different C．kind D．important
99．A．struggles B．arguments C．stories D．whispers
100．A．guide B．person C．driver D．parent
【答案】81．A 82．C 83．B 84．D 85．A 86．C 87．B 88．D 89．A
90．C 91．D 92．B 93．A 94．C 95．D 96．B 97．A 98．C 99．D
100．B
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章介绍了在山区开车的困难和需要注意的事项，如道路上的障碍、
低悬的树枝以及路上的动物，并分享了作者通过听从内心感觉避免撞到小鹿的经历，呼吁人们要注意身边
的环境并听从内心的声音和感觉。
81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：路上的坑洞和石头使这条路很难走。A. rough崎岖不平的；B. long长的；
C. steady稳定的；D. straight笔直的。根据前文“The holes and stones in the road”可知，路上的坑洞和石头
使这条路很难走。故选A。
82．考查动词词义辨析。句意：低垂的树，满是绿叶，限制了你的视野。A. widen变宽；B. improve改善；
C. limit限制；D. injure伤害。根据“The low hanging trees, full of green leaves”可知，低垂的树，满是绿叶
挡住了你的视野。故选C。
83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你必须时刻注意过马路的狗、猫和鹿。A. breaking打破；B. crossing穿过；
C. blocking阻塞；D. destroying摧毁。根据后文的“the road”可知，当过马路的时候时刻注意马路上的狗、
猫和鹿。故选B。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就在前几天，我在这里看到了令人难以置信的悲伤景象。A. interesting
有趣的；B. annoying烦人的；C. funny有趣的；D. sad悲伤的。根据后文的“As I was ____5____ along, I
saw a baby deer lying dead along the side of the road.”可知，作者开车的时候看到了一头死掉的小鹿，这是作
者看到的悲伤的景象。故选D。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我开车时，我看到路边躺着一只死鹿宝宝。A. driving驾驶；B. running
跑步；C. slipping滑倒；D. walking步行。根据后文“When I ____8____ another curve(拐弯处),”可知，作者在开车的过程中开到了一头死去的小鹿。故选A。
86．考查动词短语辨析。句意：看到这样的情景真让人心碎，我放慢了速度，越来越多的鹿从山上下来，
从高速公路旁的河里喝水。A. cried out喊叫；B. ran away逃走；C. slowed down减速；D. looked backward
回头看。根据“more deer were coming down the mount ins to drink”可知，越来越多的鹿从山上下来河水，
作者开车经过的时候应该是放慢速度。故选C。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. cup杯子；B. river河流；C. car汽车；D. tree树。根据“coming
down the mountains to drink”可知，鹿群从山上下来在高速公路旁的河里喝水。故选B。
88．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我又拐过一个弯时，我的心里有一种冲动，脑子里有一个声音在说：
“再慢一点!”A. desired渴望；B. missed错过；C. ignored忽视；D. rounded绕过。根据“another curve”可知，
当作者拐过一个弯的时候。故选D。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. urge冲动；B. pain疼痛；C. hope希望；D. sign标志。根据
“inside my heart”可知，作者内心有一种冲动，要在慢一些。故选A。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我又降低了速度。A. checked核查；B. saw看到；C. reduced减少；D.
forgot忘记。根据前文“Slow down, more!”可知，作者降低了速度。故选C。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我踩着刹车，直到车子完全停了下来，就在我停下来的时候，两只小鹿跟
着它们的父母从树林里走了出来，看着它们经过，我松了一口气，因为我没有撞到那些小鹿。A. rested休
息；B. relied依靠；C. fell跌倒；D. stepped踩着。根据“the brakes”可知，作者踩住了刹车，直到车子停下
来。故选D。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. success成功；B. stop停止；C. challenge挑战；D. repair修理。根
据“I ____11____ on the brakes”以及后文“I stopped”可知，作者踩着刹车，直到作者停下来。故选B。
93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. watched看；B. made制造；C. heard听到；D. pulled拉。根据“I
stopped,”可知，作者停下来，看着两头鹿走过。故选A。
94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. worried担心；B. scared恐惧；C. relieved放松；D. amused觉
得好笑。根据“that I hadn’t hit those baby deer.”可知，作者松了一口气，因为没有撞到鹿。故选C。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我笑了，感谢自己在心里和头脑里听到了这个信息。A. lied撒谎；B.
froze冻结；C. hiked徒步旅行；D. smiled微笑。根据前文“that I hadn’t hit those baby deer.”可知，作者没有
撞到鹿，而感到开心，故微笑了起来。故选D。
96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我笑了，感谢自己在心里和头脑里听到了这个信息。A. lecture讲座；
B. message消息；C. noise噪音；D. news新闻。根据前文““Slow down, more!””可知，作者内心向自己传
达的信息是“慢下来，要更慢一些”，作者感谢自己头脑中听到了这个信息，没有撞倒鹿。故选B。97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很多次，我感到内心有个声音在催促我说些善意的话，或者帮助那些需要
帮助的人。A. felt感受到；B. changed改变；C. kept保持；D. hidden隐藏。根据后文“a whispered urging in
my heart”可知，作者总是能够感受到内心有个声音在催促自己要善良。故选A。
98．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. special特别的；B. different不同的；C. kind善良的；D.
important重要的。根据“to help someone in need.”可知，作者感到内心有个声音在催促自己说些善意的话，
或者帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选C。
99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：愿你永远能听到内心的低语。A. struggles挣扎；B. arguments争吵；C.
stories故事；D. whispers低语。根据前文“So many times I have ____17____ a whispered urging”可知，作者
希望你也能够听到内心的低语声。故选D。
100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们会把你变成一个更好的人，它们会永远带你回家！A. guide导游；B.
person人；C. driver司机；D. parent父母。根据后文“They will always lead you Home!”可知，此处指出作
者希望读者能够听到自己内心的善意的低语，因为它们能让自己变成一个更善良的人，去帮助他人，这内
心的低语会带你回家。故选B。
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ___16___ it.
“Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again. He
throws his arms and legs out ___17___ he were flying, his eyes wide with ___18___. His trust in me is ___19___
which is quite a nice feeling, but at the same time gives me a huge sense of ___20___ .
I hope Jacky will always trust me fully, but I know that, as he gets ___21___ , it will need more effort and
sound judgment____22____ . Trust is such an important part of a ___23___ relationship that it’s something that
can’t ___24___ to lose. Every time I ___25___ Jacky to something new, he’ll do it only because he trusts me and
feels ___26___ in the knowledge that he won’t get hurt .___27___ , teaching Jacky to swim means he has to
___28___ that, when he’s swimming in the big pool, I’ll come to his rescue if his doggy paddle lets him down.
___29___ in the workplace, trust is important for strong ___30___ . It is something that every manager
should work hard to ___31___ among their team. If people don’t trust you, they’re unlikely to ___32___ your
directions and willingly become a loyal (忠诚) team member. A ___33___ of trust can make people work against
you rather than for you. At the very least, it means that people are not going to be ___34___ you their best. Good___35___, like good parenting, is a long-term commitment.
16. A. deserve B. miss C. love D. know
17. A. as if B. in case C. even though D. so that
18. A. fear B. excitement C. doubt D. astonishment
19. A. reasonable B. limited C. absolute D. important
20. A. relief B. satisfaction C. achievement D. responsibility
21. A. older B. busier C. quieter D. healthier
22. A. on my behalf B. on my part C. in my honor D. in my name
23. A. long-distance B. high-risk C. parent-child D. teacher-student
24. A. afford B. choose C. wait D. expect
25. A. attach B. compare C. adjust D. introduce
26. A. safe B. happy C. proud D. grateful
27. A. Above all B. In addition C. At first D. For example
28. A. admit B. believe C. suggest D. imagine
29. A. However B. Therefore C. Similarly D. Fortunately
30. A. affection B. determination C. friendship D. leadership
31. A. assess B. organize C. develop D. understand
32. A. repeat B. follow C. change D. forget
33. A. gesture B. measure C. bond D. lack
34. A. telling B. giving C. selling D. sending
35. A. management B. personality C. communication D. education
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。短文论述了信任的重要性。
16.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住——而且他们喜欢这样做。A.
deserve值得；B. miss错过；C. love爱；D. know知道。根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢
被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
17.A【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。
A. as if 好像；B. in case以防；C. even though即使；D. so that以便。根据“he were flying”可知，本句为虚
拟语气，好像在飞。故选A项。
18.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他伸出胳膊和腿，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。A.
fear害怕；B. excitement兴奋；C. doubt怀疑；D. astonishment惊讶。根据上文“He throws his arms and legs
out 2 he were flying,”可知，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。故选B项。19.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了
我巨大的责任感。A. reasonable合理的；B. limited有限的；C. absolute完全的，绝对的；D. important重要
的。根据上文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子要求一次次被仍向空中，由此可知，他对父亲是完全信任
的。故选C项。
20.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对我的信任是绝对的，这是一种很好的感觉，但同时也给了我
巨大的责任感。A. relief宽慰；B. satisfaction满意；C. achievement成就；D. responsibility责任。结合语境，
此处指孩子对父亲的信任也成为了父亲的责任，即他有让孩子信任自己的责任。故选D项。
21.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这需
要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. older年龄较大的；B. busier较为忙的；C. quieter较安静的；D.
healthier较健康的。根据下文“it will need more effort and sound judgment ____7____”可知，随着他长大，
这需要作者付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。故选A项。
22.B【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我希望杰基能永远完全信任我，但我知道，随着他长大，这
需要我付出更多努力和做出正确的判断。A. on my behalf代表我；B. on my part就我来说；C. in my honor
以我的名誉；D. in my name以我的名义。本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以需要“我”付出更多努
力和做出正确的判断。故选B项。
23.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东
西。A. long-distance长途的；B. high-risk高风险的；C. parent-child父母子女的；D. teacher-student师生的。
本段在探讨作者与儿子之间的关系，所以是一中亲子关系。故选C项。
24.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：信任是亲子关系中非常重要的一部分，它是一种不能失去的东西。
A. afford支付得起；B. choose选择；C. wait等待；D. expect期望。根据上文“Trust is such an important part
of a ____8____ relationship”可知，它是一种不能失去的东西。afford to do sth“能够做某事”。故选A项。
25.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，觉
得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。 A. attach贴上；B. compare对比；C. adjust调整； D. introduce介绍。
根据下文“to something new”可知，作者介绍给儿子新的东西。故选D项。
26.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每次我给杰克介绍新东西，他都会去做，只是因为他相信我，
觉得安全，因为他知道自己不会受伤。A. safe安全的；B. happy快乐的；C. proud自豪的； D. grateful感
激的。根据上文“he trusts me”可知，只是因为他相信作者，觉得安全。故选A项。
27.D【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，
如果他溺水，我能去救他。A. Above all首先重要的是；B. In addition除此之外；C. At first首先；D. For
example例如。根据下文“teaching Jacky to swim means he has to ____13____ ”可知，作者在举例子。故选D项。
28.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如
果他溺水，我能去救他。A. admit承认；B. believe相信；C. suggest建议；D. imagine想象。根据上文
“because he trusts me”可知，教杰克游泳意味着他必须相信当他在大泳池里游泳时，如果他溺水，作者能
去救他。这是父子信任的一个很好的例子。故选B项。
29.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Similarly相似地；D. Fortunately幸运地。作者从父子之间的信任转移
到职场，所以同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选C项。
30.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同样，在工作场所，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。A.
affection感情；B. determination决定；C. friendship友谊；D. leadership领导力。根据下文“It is something
that every manager”可知，信任对于强大的领导力也很重要。故选D项。
31.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是每个管理者都应该努力在团队中培养的品质。A. assess评估；
B. organize组织；C. develop发展，培养；D. understand理解。根据常识可知，信任需要培养。故选C项。
32.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示，并不愿意成
为忠诚的团队成员。A. repeat重复；B. follow跟随；C. change改变； D. forget忘记。根据上文“If people
don’t trust you”可知，人们不信任你，他们就不太可能听从你的指示。故选B项。
33.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：缺乏信任会让人们与你作对，而不是帮助你。A. gesture姿势；B.
measure测量；C. bond纽带；D. lack缺少。根据下文“make people work against you rather than for you”可知，
缺乏信任会让人们与你作对。故选D项。
34.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：至少，这意味着人们不会给你最好的回应。A. telling告诉；B.
giving给；C. selling卖；D. sending发送。其他人不信任你，所以不会给你最好的回应。故选B项。
35.A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的管理，就像好的育儿一样，是一种长期的承诺。A.
management管理；B. personality个性；C. communication交流；D. education教育。根据上文“in the
workplace”以及“manager”客户，作者在说管理。故选A项。
【2021年浙江卷1月】 Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 16 on the Internet and
discovered Volunteer USA．Three months later I 17 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 18
at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of 19 ,
my worries had gone. Everyone was so 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 22 . We had to 23 everything weneeded and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a 24 way but in 35℃ heat and with a
heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 25 a stairway out of rock. This 26 climbing up and down the side of a mountain
inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never 27 .
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The 28 of knowing that my 29 will be on
that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 30 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in
my tent. The temperature was close to 31 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 32
part of my tent.
33 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 34 . I think I
am much 35 for having taken part in the project.
16．A．calculate B．negotiate C．advertise D．research
17．A．imagined B．introduced C．enjoyed D．found
18．A．annoyed B．surprised C．scared D．excited
19．A．arriving B．sleeping C．thinking D．walking
20．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
21．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
22．A．tour B．project C．campaign D．course
23．A．drop B．make C．carry D．buy
24．A．nice B．safe C．long D．quick
25．A．build B．test C．clean D．guard
26．A．helped B．ended C．allowed D．meant
27．A．hunted B．trained C．seen D．fed
28．A．satisfaction B．ambition C．expectation D．intention
29．A．work B．memory C．record D．story
30．A．left B．caught C．attacked D．separated
31．A．boiling B．average C．normal D．freezing
32．A．tidy B．dry C．new D．soft
33．A．By the way B．Regardless of that C．Needless to say D．In either case
34．A．survived B．resisted C．escaped D．recovered
35．A．smarter B．stronger C．happier D．busier【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者
的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这
个经历让自己变得更坚强。
16．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate计算；B.
negotiate协商；C. advertise登广告；D. research研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer
work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D项。
17．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined
想象；B. introduced介绍；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. found发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可
知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D项。
18．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed烦恼
的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我
一开始很担忧。故选C项。
19．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving到达；B. sleeping
睡觉；C. thinking思考；D. walking行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故
选A项。
20．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.
confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”
可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B项。
21．D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.
funny搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”
得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D项。
22．B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。A. tour游览；B. project
项目；C. campaign活动；D. course课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说当
志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B项。
23．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下；
B. make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品
走。故选C项。
24．C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是
着了火。A. nice好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知，作
者他们走的路程不远。故选C项。25．A考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build建造；B. test测试；C. clean清
洁；D. guard保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一
个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。
26．D考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped帮助；B.
ended结束；C. allowed允许；D. meant意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可
以爬上爬下。故选D项。
27．C考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted捕猎；B.
trained训练；C. seen看到；D. fed喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者
以前没有见过。故选C项。
28．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨
大的。A. satisfaction满意；B. ambition雄心；C. expectation期待；D. intention意图。根据上文的“a
beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A项。
29．A考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨
大的。A. work工作，作品；B. memory回忆；C. record记录；D. story故事。根据上文的“My job was
to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A项。
30．B考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left离开；B. caught捉住；C.
attacked袭击；D. separated分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，
作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B项。
31．D考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. normal正
常的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D项。
32．B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy干净的；B. dry
干的；C. new新的；D. soft软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里进了
水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B项。
33．C考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way顺便问一下；B. Regardless of
that尽管这样；C. Needless to say 不用说；D. In either case在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台
阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C项。
34．A考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived生
存；B. resisted反抗；C. escaped逃离，抓牢；D. recovered恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to
face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A项。
35．B考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter更聪明的；B.stronger更强壮的；C. happier更快乐的；D. busier更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face
in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B项。
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】 Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our
sliding glass door is just a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go
outside 43 . It will drive us crazy. The kids apparently know the 44 . But our insisting it’s 45
a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about
windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51
that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53
metaphorical(比喻) meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later
in 54 they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity(机会) of some sort, and 55 opening
the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, ＂What if it isn’t a door?＂ That is, ＂
What if it isn’t a 57 opportunity?＂
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59
repeatedly having to say, ＂No. We can’t go outside now.＂ Then when they come to other doors in life, be they
real or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through.
41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case
42. A. admit B. believe C. mean D. realize
43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually
44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth
45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly
46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting
47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out
48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact
49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers
50. A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences
51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt
52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
53. A. traditional B. important C. double D. original
54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D.
instead of
56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of
57. A. real B. typical C. similar D. limited
58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret
59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept
60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D
51. B 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D 56. B 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. C
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一
种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各
种“进退两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。
41. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：原因是明显的。A. relief安慰； B. target目标；C. reason原因；D. case情
况。根据下文If we 42 it is a door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。
所以这里意思是“原因是明显的”。故选C。
42. A考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. admit 承认；B.
believe相信；C. mean意味着；D. realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，
那必然是作者承认了它是一扇门。故选A。
43. B考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。A. gradually逐步地；
B. constantly不断地；C temporarily临时地；D casually随便地。根据下文I should just_59 repeatedly having
to say, "No. We can't go outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。故选B。
44. D考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。A. result结果；B. danger危险；C. method方
法；D. truth真相。下文But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open
the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的 I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真
相的。故选D。
45. A考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇
门的尝试。A. merely只不过；B. slightly轻微地；C. hardly几乎不；D. partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所
以轻描淡写地说，它不过是一扇窗户而已。故选A。
46. D考查动名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门
的尝试。A. reviewing 回顾；B. approving 赞成；C. receiving 收到；D. attempting 尝试。根据 millions ofrequests to open the door可知孩子们是想尝试打开门。故选D。
47. C考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于
窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. win out最后获得成功；B. give up放弃；C. wake up开始了解真相；D. stand
out站出来。根据and discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48.可知有一天，孩子
们会开始了解真相。故选C。
48. B考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于
窗户的一切，是一个谎言。A. dream梦想；B. lie谎言；C. fantasy幻想；D. fact事实。根据I hate lying to
the kids.以及结合前文作者把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。故
选B。
49. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. parents父母；B.
twins双胞胎；C. colleagues同事；D. teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道
父母是否应该说出真相。故选A。
50. D考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。A. restrictions限制；B.
explanations解释；C. differences差异；D. consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside_43.可知一旦我
说出真相，孩子们就总想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。故选D。
51. B考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤
害。A. demand要求；B. fear害怕；C. desire欲望；D. doubt怀疑。根据that the lie we're telling is doing 52
damage to our children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。故选B。
52. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的
伤害。A. physical身体的；B biological生物的；C. spiritual心灵的；D. behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的
撒谎行为会让孩子们面对机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。故选C。
53. B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。A. traditional传统的； B. important重要
的；C. double双重的；D. original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就
像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。
由此可知，窗户和门的比喻意义是非常重要的。故选B。
54. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们
不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. life生活；B.
time时间；C. reply回答；D. history历史。根据Then when
they come to other doors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。故选A。
55. D考查短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。 A. by comparison with
与……相比；B. in addition to除……之外；C. regardless of不管；D. instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今
后，孩子们面对生活中的“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。故选D。
56. B考查动词短语辨析。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们
不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。A. get hold of抓住；
B. stare at凝视；C. knock on敲击（门、窗）；D. make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，
而是在考虑很多问题。由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。故选B。
57. A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？A. real真的；B.
typical典型的；C. similar相似的；D. limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。
故选A。
58. C考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。A safety rule安全守则；
B. comfort zone舒适带; C. bottom line底线；D. top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我
的底线。故选C。
59. D考查动词词义辨析。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”A. delay推迟；
B. regret后悔；C. enjoy享受；D. accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们
现在不能去外面。”这是一个现实，我只能接受。故选D。
60. C考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他“门”时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹
豫的打开它们，然后走过去。A. hurry匆忙；B. decide决定；C. hesitate犹豫；D. intend打算。根据and
walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。故选C。
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom
you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been
stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had
been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t
have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep
47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 49 absolutely
everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 51
for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat
52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t takeit 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her
child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’t be
able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying
43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear
44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume
45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural
47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely
54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade
55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel
56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually
57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well
58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame
60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾
客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是
把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事
情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers店主；
B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员； D. receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my
customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying说；B. pretending假装；C.guessing猜测；D. replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选
A。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在
他们的车里。A. agree同意；B. promise承诺；C. imagine想象；D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信
誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。
44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在
他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. decide决定；C. discover发现；D. assume假设。结合后文it had been in
their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。
A. foods食物；B. catalogues目录；C. belongings所有物；D. goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指
的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。
A. particular特别的；B. different不同的；C. matching相配的；D. natural自然的。结合上文the only style
you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存
货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting打架；B.
smiling微笑；C. waiting等待；D. changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，
面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，
B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。
48. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷
慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. careless粗心的；D. difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这
位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。故选D。
49. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成
了“常客”。A. curious about好奇；B. displeased with对……不满意；C. patient with对……有耐心；D.
uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。
50. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然
成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。结合
上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。
51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued争论；C.
prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。
52. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难
以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on
duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫
分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。
53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在
难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的；B. such这样的；C. other其他的；D. lonely寂寞的。结
合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把
气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson课
程，教训；B. trick诡计；C. skill技能；D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了宝
贵的一课。故选A。
55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work工作；
B. shop购物；C. meet会面；D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。故选A。
56. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：别太在意。A. kindly亲切地；B. secretly秘密地；C. personally亲自地；D.
casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太
在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。故选C。
57. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地；B. away离开；C. up向上；D. well
好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情
况。故选D。
58. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见；B. in the
way妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene幕后；D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这
些顾客，要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。
59. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，
毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调；B. expect期待；C. handle处理；D. blame责备。结合本段内容主要是
在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。
60. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，
毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins毁灭；B. makes制作；C. starts开始；D. saves拯救。结合上文the whole thing
develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的
一天。故选A。
