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专题 19 阅读专项---主旨大意题
（解析版）
三年真题多维细目表主旨大意类题目近三年高考的设问方式如下：
年份 试卷 篇 体裁 主题 考点
目 主题语境 语境内容 细节 推理 主旨 词义
理解 判断 大意 猜测
题 题 题 题
A 应用文 人与社会 英国剧院 21 22
B 说明文 人与自然 生物与人的智力对比 23 24 26 34 27 31
全国
C 记叙文 人与自我 难忘的南极之旅 25 29 35 32 28
甲卷
夹叙夹 30 33
D 人与社会 不同的人文化冲突的见解
议
A 应用文 人与社会 画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士展览 21 22
B 书评 人与社会 Dorothy Wickenden的书籍 23 24
25 27
全国 “空中之眼”的技术应用于无 26 28
C 说明文 人与自然 30 35 31 29
乙卷 人机 32 33
征收的糖税来解决青少年儿童 34
D 说明文 人与自我
健康问题
A 应用文 人与社会 文学概论课程评分办法
日常生活中的食物浪费现象以
2022
及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席
B 说明文 人与社会
执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而 22 25 21 23
新I 采取的努力 26 27 24 28
34 30
卷 旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的 32 33 29 31
C 说明文 人与社会
健康状况的项目 35
因为饮食的改变导致了现在从
D 说明文 人与社会 世界上一半的语言中发现了新
的语音
A 应用文 人与社会 儿童博物馆团体游
21 22 26 28
B 记叙文 人与社会 新型阅读体验
新II 23 25 32 33
使用Textalyzer（短信监控 31 24 30
卷 C 说明文 人与社会 27 29 34 35
器）的技术来监控司机在开车
D 说明文 人与社会 锻炼对于心脏的好处
A 应用文 人与社会 摄影领域赛事 23 24
21 22
B 说明文 人与自然 人与动物 27 30
全国 25 26
C 记叙文 人与社会 家庭生活 31 32 35 29
甲卷 28 34
2021 33
D 议论文 人与社会 生存与环境
全国 A 说明文 人与社会 体育建筑 21 22 26 27
24 31 25
乙卷 B 说明文 人与社会 科学与技术 23 33 28 29
30 32C 说明文 人与自然 环境保护
D 说明文 人与自我 乐于、善于学习
A 应用文 人与社会 罗马的四个旅馆 21 22
B 记叙文 人与社会 介绍钢琴翻页的职业 23 24 25 30
新I
C 说明文 人与社会 湿地破坏，保护环境 26 27 33 34 32 35 29
卷
D 议论文 人与自我 人们对情商概念的误解 28 32
A 应用文 人与社会 今年夏天约克郡的四个活动 21 22
B 记叙文 人与自然 作者保护两个老虎幼崽 23 24
新II C 记叙文 人与社会 英国女教师获得奖金后帮助艺 27 28
26 29 31 25
卷 术家进入学校 30 32
D 说明文 人与社会 澳大利亚教授开发机器人来检 33 34
测牧牛的情况 35
A 应用文 人与社会 乘坐火车信息 24 25
全国 B 说明文 人与自我 认识自我 21 22 27 28
32 35 26
I卷 C 说明文 人与自然 体育健康 23 33 29 30
D 记叙文 人与自我 人与植物 31 34
A 说明文 人与社会 旅游交通 21 22
全国 B 说明文 人与社会 完善自我 23 24 28 31 27
2020 30 33
II卷 C 说明文 人与自然 人与动物 25 26 32 35
D 说明文 人与自我 终身学习 29 34
A 说明文 人与社会 地理概况
全国 21 22 27 28
25 31
B 说明文 人与社会 人与动物
III 23 24 29 30 26
35
卷 33 34 32
C 说明文 人与自然 家庭生活
D 说明文 人与自我 生存与环境
主旨大意类题目近三年高考的设问方式如下：
序号 来源 题干
1 2022甲卷 27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
2 2022甲卷 31. What is the text mainly about?
3 2022甲卷 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
4 2022乙卷 11 Which is the most suitable title for the text?
5 2022新I卷 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
6 2022新II卷 11. What is a suitable title for the text?
7 2021甲卷 35. What is the best title for the text?8 2021乙卷 24. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
9 2021乙卷 31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
10 2021新I卷 32. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
11 2021新I卷 35.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
12 2021新II卷 11.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
13 2020全国I卷 32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
14 2020全国I卷 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
15 2020全国II卷 27. What is the text mainly about?
16 2020全国II卷 35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
17 2020全国III卷 25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
18 2020全国III卷 31. What is the text mainly about?
19 2020全国III卷 35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
高考主旨大意题的考查方式
主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想。主旨大意题是阅读四大题型中难度最大的一类，主要考
题目特点 察考生能否分辨主题和细节，是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等方法进
行高度概括和总结。
题型 主旨大意题 选择标题题
概括性：抽象、准确、简短
正确选项通常具有全面性和概括性，通常不
选项特点 针对性：避免以偏概全
含有细节信息和表达绝对意义的词。
醒目性：新颖奇特，激发读者的阅读兴趣
1. 借助段落主题句归纳，主题句常见位置：
段首/段尾 1. 根据文章中心句，提炼主题词充当标题
2. 借助文章主题段归纳：常见位置：首 2. 将文章的写作对象和其主要特点、意义或影响整
解题方法 段/末段 合充当文章的标题
3. 借助主题词或关键词归纳：抓住文中出现 3. 当文章的写作对象的特点较多时，常用写作对象
频率较高的主题词或关键词，然后对其进行 的名称作为文章的标题
概括，确定文章主旨
经典真题呈现
（2022·全国甲卷·阅读B）
Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition
abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while
kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box
had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the
correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before
they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to beturned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s
cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was
used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an
allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues
(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
1．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A．By following instructions. B．By using a tool.
C．By turning the box around. D．By removing the lid.
2．Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A．Using a key to unlock a door. B．Telling parrots from other birds.
C．Putting a ball into a round hole. D．Grouping toys of different shapes.
3．What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A．How far they are able to see. B．How they track moving objects.
C．Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D．Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
4．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B．Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C．Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D．Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
【答案】
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use
while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使
用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the correct “keys” would let
out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，
在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age
(在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可
能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
3．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the
cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的
是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have
been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的
小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项
“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
（2022·全国甲卷·阅读D）
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then,
one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a
culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning
shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways
— he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to
pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare.
Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much
of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can’t seem to make up
our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving
(解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful
young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people
forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and
the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.
It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Sydney’s striking architecture. B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney’s development. D．Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
6．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?A．He goes to work by boat. B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well. D．He is attached to the old ferries.
7．What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A．It is losing its traditions. B．It should speed up its progress.
C．It should expand its population. D．It is becoming more international.
8．Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A．A city can be young and old at the same time.
B．A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C．Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D．Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
【答案】
5．C 6．D 7．A 8．A
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city
discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it
is the harbor that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilot Sydney ferryboats for a living.
(30岁出头的Andrew Reynolds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss these old
boats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot.
(双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynolds喜欢老式渡船。故选D
项。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in
the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley
Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮
的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I
considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. (另一方面，同时既年轻又古老也有它的魅
力。当我遇到一位深思熟虑的年轻商人Anthony时，我考虑到了这一点)”以及最后一段“He is right (他说得没错)”
可推知，作者赞同Anthony的观点，认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。
（2022·全国I卷·阅读D）
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of somesouthern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study
shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”,
were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the
University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to
produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite
structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.
Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after
the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are
still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved
around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of
human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of
things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
9．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution. C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
10．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
11．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
12．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A．It is key to effective communication. B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system. D．It drives the evolution of human beings.【答案】
9．D 10．C 11．A 12．C
【解析】
本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds
called labiodentals, such as “f” and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team
of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.（30
多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。
现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知Damian
Blasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were
aligned，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our
jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙
是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结
构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in
the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last
few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.（对语言数据
库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用
显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结
果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since
the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex
interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.（研
究小组成员Steven Moran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是
生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C
项。
（2021·全国甲卷·阅读D）
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go
beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative
than the rest of us? And who are they?In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a
surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.
When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were
unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around
age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any
great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of
genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and
class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence,
creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
13．What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A．They're unfair. B．They're conservative.
C．They're objective. D．They're strict.
14．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
15．Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A．Improved global communication.
B．Less discrimination against women.
C．Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D．Changes in people's social positions.
16．What is the best title for the text?
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck
【答案】
13．A 14．D 15．A 16．B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for
admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different
color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入
天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认
并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或
者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to
avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事
的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的
影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see
flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可
知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
16．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段
的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses,
who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够
改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。
由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
（2021·全国乙卷·阅读C）
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every
year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.
He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic
products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen
mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first
appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of plastic
pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their
small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that
someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’sworth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected
more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped（倾倒） from a truck
all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
17．What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A．Beautifying the city he lives in. B．Introducing eco-friendly products.
C．Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D．Reducing garbage on the beach.
18．Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A．To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B．To explain why they are useful.
C．To voice his views on modern art.
D．To find a substitute for them.
19．What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A．Calming. B．Disturbing.
C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案】
17．C 18．A 19．B 20．D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这
个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Truckload of Plastic”说明了每60秒，
就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Von Wong通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong
wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their
relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明·冯·王
（Benjamin Von Wong）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次
性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此
可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。故选C项。18．推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest
source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with
and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely
came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to
disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为
大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能
来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无
法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic:
Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong
and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d
been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：
每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，
然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到
塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观
众对塑料垃圾进入海洋造成污染这件事感到不安。故选B项。
20．标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin
Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-
examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本
杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们
与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段“In a piece form 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific
statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von
Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied
together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯·王(Von
Wong)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯·
王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知
艺术家本杰明·冯·王(Benjamin Von Wong)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料
的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主
旨，适合作为标题。故选D项。
（2021·全国I卷·阅读C）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with anastonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it
took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions
of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of
acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm
action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act,
all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first
Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time
was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the
stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase
wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be
protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to
purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the
most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
21．What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A．Loss of wetlands. B．Popularity of water sports.
C．Pollution of rivers. D．Arrival of other wild animals.
22．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
23．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A．The stamp price has gone down. B．The migratory birds have flown away.
C．The hunters have stopped hunting. D．The government has collected money.
24．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】
21．A 22．C 23．D 24．A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的急需大量的水禽
栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大地减少
了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
22．词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美
的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一
句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故
画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more
than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过500万公顷的
水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
24．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有
购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可知，本文
讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
（2021·全国II卷·阅读C）
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring
inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变
革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming
local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen
those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light
up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with
children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as
unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an
add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain
of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of
freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
25．What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?A．Make a movie. B．Build new schools.
C．Run a project. D．Help local musicians.
26．What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A．It is particularly difficult. B．It increases artists' income.
C．It opens children's mind. D．It deserves greater attention.
27．What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A．Moral principles. B．Interpersonal skills.
C．Creative abilities. D．Positive worldviews.
28．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Bring Artists to Schools B．When Historians Meet Artists
C．Arts Education in Britain D．The World's Best Arts Teacher
【答案】
25．C 26．D 27．C 28．A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用这笔奖金
发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to
bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a project to promote the
teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课
堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，
Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第五段Craig-Martin 说的话“Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into
direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a
mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.（Andria的把各个领域的艺术学家请到学校教学这个聪明的项目很受
学生欢迎，在学校忽视艺术教育的时期。把艺术看出不必要是错误的。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学校的
艺术教学不应该被忽视，而应该被重视。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends
on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应
该强调创造力。故选C。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to
bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the
teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，文
章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺术教学。故选A。
（2020·全国I卷·阅读D）
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found
positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city
experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were
decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual
composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants that have
sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in
groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,
＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s
team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount
needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees
into self-powered street lamps.
In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off
treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂switch＂where the
glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from
the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost
during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
29．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．A new study of different plants.
B．A big fall in crime rates.
C．Employees from various workplaces.
D．Benefits from green plants.
30．What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A．To detect plants’ lack of water
B．To change compositions of plants
C．To make the life of plants longer.
D．To test chemicals in plants.31．What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A．They will speed up energy production.
B．They may transmit electricity to the home.
C．They might help reduce energy consumption.
D．They could take the place of power plants.
32．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Can we grow more glowing plants?
B．How do we live with glowing plants?
C．Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D．How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
【答案】
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。
文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节
约能源的作用。
29．主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example ,discovered that greener areas of
the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were
decorated with houseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。
在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨
是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're short
of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水
的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上
印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.可知发光的
植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选
C。
32．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accounts for about 7%of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since
lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote
highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save
energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对
人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这
种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植
物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。
（2020·全国II卷·阅读B）
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children
with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found
children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a
significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of
parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found
children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of
age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to
rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study
played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both
boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles
than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of
girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
33．In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A．Building confidence. B．Developing spatial skills.
C．Learning self-control. D．Gaining high-tech knowledge.
34．What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A．Parents’ age. B．Children’s imagination.
C．Parents’ education. D．Child-parent relationship.
35．How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?
A．They play with puzzles more often.
B．They tend to talk less during the game.
C．They prefer to use more spatial language.D．They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
36．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method. B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist D．A teaching program.
【答案】
33．B 34．C 35．D 36．B
【解析】
本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better spatial
skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技
能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling for
difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在父母的收入、教育和
父母谈话次数方面控制差异性之后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试验时考虑了
父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故选C项。
35．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可知男孩比女
孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(他们有可
能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
36．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以是关于
科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
（2020·全国III卷·阅读B）
When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered
on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist,
dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: “Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending
tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics
to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit
organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000
productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and
“Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States,
which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
37．Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A．To see famous film stars.
B．To oppose wearing fur coats.
C．To raise money for animal protection.
D．To express thanks to some filmmakers.
38．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The cost of making “Apes.”
B．The creation of digitalized apes.
C．The publicity about “Apes.”
D．The performance of real apes.
39．What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Listing completely.
B．Directing professionally.
C．Promoting successfully.
D．Watching carefully.
40．What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A．They may be badly treated.
B．They should take further training.
C．They could be traded illegally
D．They would lose popularity.
【答案】
37．D 38．B 39．D 40．A
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电
影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影
的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body monkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising
the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块
牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感
谢。故选D项。
38．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to createdigitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later
processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术
创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由
此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。故选B项。
39．词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in
filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待遇）以及下文Already, a number of films,
including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the
creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起
了动物保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营
利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切关注”。故选D项。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has
activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the
films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.”（在某些
情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以
外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活
动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故
选A项。
（2020·全国III卷·阅读C）
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live
together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the ground
floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol - one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine,
but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with
Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I
would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for
some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from
325,000 in 2001to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more
adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their
parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about
1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India,
particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.
41．Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A．Nick. B．Rita. C．Kathryn D．The daughters.
42．What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in -law?
A．Positive. B．Carefree. C．Tolerant. D．Unwilling.
43．What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
A．Family traditions. B．Financial reports. C．Published statistics. D．Public opinions.
44．What is the text mainly about?
A．Lifestyles in different countries. B．Conflicts between generations.
C．A housing problem in Britain. D．A rising trend of living in the UK.
【答案】
41．B 42．A 43．C 44．D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越
来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
41．
细节理解题。根据第三段“ but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground
floor.”可知，但Rita在一楼有自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。由此可知，Rita 在布里斯托尔的维多利亚式住宅中
使用一楼。故选B项。
42．
推理判断题。根据第五段“And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I
recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“从我的角度来看，一切都很顺利。我推荐它吗?是的，
我想我会推荐在一起居住的。”由此判断出，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。故选A项。
43．
细节理解题。根据第六段“ Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together
had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.”官方报告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年的32.5万户增加到
2013年的41.9万户。根据第七段“It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.”可知，据
说，25-34岁的年轻人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年这一比例为16%。据估计，英国多代同堂的家庭总数
约为180万。由此可知，作者关于多世同堂家庭的论述基于发布的统计数据。故选C项。
44．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of
isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面临
着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上升趋势。故选D项。
（2020·全国III卷·阅读D）
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper
into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in
Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have
gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to
food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these
people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally
lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger
to the land,” said Redney C．Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers,
spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local
islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau.
She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for
them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there
were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
45．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A．Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B．New knowledge of human evolution.
C．Recent findings of human origin. D．Significance of food selection.
46．Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A．In valleys. B．Near rivers. C．On the beach. D．Off the coast.
47．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A．They could walk on stilts all day. B．They had a superb way of fishing.
C．They could stay long underwater. D．They lived on both land and water.48．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B．Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C．Basic Methods of Genetic Research D．The World’s Best Divers
【答案】
45．B 46．D 47．C 48．A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。
Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
45．推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years
ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand
years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人
类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人
类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these people are known, number in hundreds of thousands in Indonesia,
Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts
in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近
他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the coast.(沿海)符合以上说法，
故选D项。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.
(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下
待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。
48．主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of
researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇
文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的
进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled
for a Life at Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。
