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专题 02 完形填空之夹叙夹议文
目录
01 模拟基础练
完形填空之夹叙夹议文（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（完形填空创新题）
03 真题实战练
完形填空之夹叙夹议文（最新模拟）
1.（2025·黑龙江省龙东十校高三联考）
体裁：夹叙夹议 词数：252 话题：不要让思维中的障碍阻止自己去尝试 难度：★★★☆☆
One day a professor did an experiment. He first put a 1 shark into a large tank. Then he put 4
small fish as 2 into the container. Naturally, the shark quickly ate the fish.
Next, the professor inserted a sheet of strong but 3 glass into the tank, which divided the container
into two parts. None could know the 4 of the glass without being told. Then he put the shark in one side
and another 4 small fish in the other. Again, the shark began to 5 . This time it heavily ran into the glass.
6 , the shark kept repeating its attack. Meanwhile, the fish in the opposite side quickly 7 when
finding the shark rushing to them. But after several failures from the shark, they realized the 8 shark did
no harm at all. Eventually, they felt 9 and swan around safely, and certainly, the shark 10
the attack at last.
This professor repeated the experiment several times later. Each time, the shark became less 11
and made fewer attempts to attack. Finally, the shark got fed up and completely gave up. Then the professor
12 the glass, but the shark paid no attention to the fish at all. It seemed to believe there was indeed somethingthat could 13 the fish.
Most people will 14 after several failures. But please consider each failure as an opportunity to
learn. Don’t let the 15 in your mind keep you from trying. Nothing is impossible if you are
determined.
1．A．clever B．mild C．wild D．hungry
2．A．models B．pets C．equipment D．food
3．A．smooth B．complex C．clear D．expensive
4．A．nature B．existence C．color D．structure
5．A．attack B．drink C．eat D．shoot
6．A．Therefore B．However C．Instead D．Otherwise
7．A．screamed B．ran C．escaped D．jumped
8．A．nervous B．negative C．terrible D．gentle
9．A．disappointed B．amused C．annoyed D．relaxed
10．A．stopped B．planned C．examined D．designed
11．A．puzzled B．frightened C．aggressive D．abnormal
12．A．removed B．released C．repaired D．reduced
13．A．catch B．protect C．feed D．raise
14．A．look up B．stand up C．give up D．cheer up
15．A．hope B．illness C．memory D．barrier
【答案】
1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．C
12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D
【解析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，文章通过鲨鱼实验来告诉人们，不应该让思维中的障碍阻止自己去尝试，
只要有决心，没有什么是不可能的。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他首先把一条饥饿的鲨鱼放进一个大水箱里。A. clever聪明的；B. mild
温和的；C. wild野生的；D. hungry饥饿的。根据下文“Naturally, the shark quickly ate the fish.”可知，教授
将饥饿的鲨鱼放进鱼缸，鲨鱼把小鱼吃了。故选D项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他把4条小鱼作为食物放进容器里。A. models模型；B. pets宠物；C.
equipment设备；D. food食物。根据“Then he put 4 small fish”可知，小鱼应作为鲨鱼的食物。故选D项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接下来，教授将一块坚固而透明的玻璃插入容器中，这将容器分成两部
分。A. smooth光滑的；B. complex复杂的；C. clear清楚的，透明的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据下文“This time it heavily ran into the glass.”可知，鲨鱼撞上了玻璃，看不见障碍物，所以它是透明清楚的。故
选C项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有人能不被告知就知道玻璃的存在。A. nature自然；B. existence存在；C.
color颜色；D. structure结构。根据“None could know”及“without being told”可知，在安装了透明玻璃后，
如果不告知，谁都不会知道玻璃的存在。故选B项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：鲨鱼再次开始攻击。A. attack攻击；B. drink喝；C. eat吃；D. shoot射击。
根据前一句“Then he put the shark in one side and another 4 small fish in the other.”可知，鲨鱼和小鱼同时被
放进去，鲨鱼看见了，就会攻击，想要吃小鱼。故选A项。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，鲨鱼不断地攻击。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Instead相
反；D. Otherwise否则。根据“the shark kept repeating its attack.”可知，鲨鱼虽然撞上了玻璃，但是还是不
停尝试，前后为转折关系。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，对面的鱼在发现鲨鱼向它们冲来时迅速逃走了。A. screamed尖
叫；B. ran跑；C. escaped逃走；D. jumped跳。根据“when finding the shark rushing to them”可知，看到鲨
鱼来了，小鱼迅速逃走。故选C项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在几次失败后，它们意识到这条可怕的鲨鱼根本没有造成任何伤害。
A. nervous紧张的；B. negative负面的；C. terrible可怕的；D. gentle温柔的。根据“shark did no harm at
all.”可知，对于小鱼来说，鲨鱼是可怕的，会将它们吃掉。故选C项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，它们感到放松了，安全地在周围游来游去，当然，鲨鱼终于停止
了攻击。A. disappointed失望的；B. amused被逗乐的；C. annoyed烦恼的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文
“But after several failures from the shark”及“shark did no harm at all.”可知，在意识到鲨鱼不会对它们造成
威胁时，小鱼放松了警惕。故选D项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. stopped停止；B. planned计划；C. examined检查；D. designed设计。
根据上文“But after several failures from the shark”可知，鲨鱼失败了几次，最终停止了攻击。故选A项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每一次，鲨鱼都变得不那么有攻击性，尝试攻击的次数也减少了。A.
puzzled困惑的；B. frightened害怕的；C. aggressive有攻击性的；D. abnormal不正常的。根据“made fewer
attempts to attack”可知，再接下来的几次实验中，鲨鱼变得不那么有攻击性了。故选C项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后教授把玻璃移走了，但是鲨鱼根本没有注意到鱼。A. removed移开，
去除；B. released释放；C. repaired修理；D. reduced减少。根据“but the shark paid no attention to the fish at
all.”可知，but表示转折，因此，教授在鲨鱼放弃攻击后拿掉了玻璃。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它似乎相信确实有某种东西可以保护鱼。A. catch抓；B. protect保护；C.feed喂食；D. raise举起，抬起。根据上文“Finally, the shark got fed up and completely gave up.”及“It
seemed to believe there was indeed something”可知，It指代鲨鱼，由于前面的数次失败，鲨鱼放弃攻击，认
为有东西在保护小鱼。故选B项。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数人在失败几次后就会放弃。A. look up查阅；B. stand up站起来；C.
give up放弃；D. cheer up使高兴，使兴奋。根据“after several failures”可知，许多人就像鲨鱼一样，几次
失败后就会放弃。故选C项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要让你心中的障碍阻止你去尝试。A. hope希望；B. illness疾病；C.
memory记忆；D. barrier障碍。根据“in your mind”及“keep you from trying”可知，教授通过实验，想要告
诉人们，玻璃就是思维中的障碍，它阻止了鲨鱼去攻击猎物，也会阻止人们去尝试。故选D项。
2.（2025·山西新力惠中等10所名校高三月考）
体裁：夹叙夹议 词数：246 话题：专注于做事的幸福感 难度：★★★☆☆
At the age of 12, I withdrew into my bedroom with my guitar. I had neither musical talent many — 1
music lessons had proved that — nor musical training. My fingers ached as I tried to press down on the strings
without making them buzz(发出嗡嗡声). 2 , I worked my way through 2-, 3- and even 5-chord(和弦)
songs and discovered the 3 thrills of these musical notes. No one 4 me to do this. I did this
myself and of my own free will for a week, and the sense of happiness — true happiness 5 in absorption
in something — has 6 me. Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model and
7 for almost every meaningful thing I have done since. It makes me understand the 8 between
achievement and accomplishment.
The world favors achievement while ignoring accomplishment. Achievement is the completion of the task
imposed (强加) from the outside ,the 9 being a path to the next task. Accomplishment is the end point of
an activity we have chosen, whose reward is the sudden 10 of fulfilment, the sense of 11
that rises uniquely from absorption in a thing outside ourselves.
The seeking of accomplishment always 12 people. I learned so long ago in that 13
week that simply lifting one finger from the guitar’s C chord, you should get the most tender 14 . I
didn’t know then it was a major 7th chord, a favorite of some masters’. I just 15 accomplishment.
That’s real human “achievement”.257
1．A．failed B．tailored C．expected D．added
2．A．Besides B．Instead C．Therefore D．However
3．A．fruitless B．matchless C．meaningless D．senseless4．A．wished B．allowed C．required D．invited
5．A．rooted B．masked C．set D．stuck
6．A．arranged for B．passed by C．departed from D．stayed with
7．A．exchange B．campaign C．foundation D．permission
8．A．relationship B．difference C．balance D．similarity
9．A．origin B．process C．decision D．reward
10．A．lack B．need C．rush D．dream
11．A．happiness B．direction C．humor D．identity
12．A．concerns B．amazes C．frightens D．discourages
13．A．adventurous B．blank C．memorable D．peaceful
14．A．impression B．conclusion C．scene D．harmony
15．A．pursued B．accepted C．interpreted D．analyzed
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者通过坚持练习一周吉他，获得了植根于专注于某件
事的真正幸福感，这种幸福感伴随着作者并成为他此后所做的几乎每件有意义的事情的典范和基础。
1．A 句意：我既没有音乐天赋——许多失败的音乐课都证明了这一点——也没有音乐训练。A. failed失败
的；B. tailored剪裁的；C. expected期望的；D. added增加的。根据前文“I had neither musical talent”以及
后文“nor musical training”可知，作者既没有音乐天赋，也没有音乐训练，由此推知，作者在音乐课上也
有很多次失败。故选A。
2．D句意：然而，我通过2和弦、3和弦甚至5和弦的歌曲，发现了这些音符无与伦比的刺激。A. Besides
此外；B. Instead相反；C. Therefore因此；D. However然而。根据前文“My fingers ached as I tried to press
down on the strings without making them buzz(发出嗡嗡声).”和后文“I worked my way through 2-, 3- and even
5-chord(和弦) songs and discovered the________ thrills of these musical notes.”是转折关系可知，空处应用表示
转折关系的副词连接。故选D。
3．B句意：然而，我通过2和弦、3和弦甚至5和弦的歌曲，发现了这些音符无与伦比的刺激。A. fruitless
徒劳的；B. matchless无与伦比的；C. meaningless无意义的；D. senseless无意识的。根据后文“I did this
myself and of my own free will for a week, and the sense of happiness — true happiness”可知，作者练习了一个
星期，有幸福感，由此推知，作者发现了这些音符无与伦比的刺激。故选B。
4．C句意：没有人要求我这样做。A. wished希望；B. allowed允许；C. required要求；D. invited邀请。根
据后文“I did this myself and of my own free will for a week”可知，作者自愿这样做了一周，由此推知，没有
人要求作者这样做。故选C。5．A句意：我自己并出于自愿这样做了一个星期，幸福感——植根于专注于某件事的真正幸福感——一直
伴随着我。A. rooted扎根于；B. masked掩饰；C. set设置；D. stuck卡住。根据后文“in absorption in
something”可知，此处是指植根于专注于某件事情的幸福感。be rooted in…译为“根植于……”。故选A。
6．D句意：我自己并出于自愿这样做了一个星期，幸福感——植根于专注于某件事的真正幸福感——一直
伴随着我。A. arranged for安排；B. passed by路过；C. departed from离开；D. stayed with和……一起。根
据后文“Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model and ________ for almost every
meaningful thing I have done since.”可知，五十年后，那一周的自我指导练习对作者产生积极影响，由此推
知，植根于专注于某件事的真正幸福感一直伴随着作者。故选D。
7．C句意：五十年后，那一周的自我指导练习成了我此后做的几乎每一件有意义的事情的典范和基础。A.
exchange交换；B. campaign活动；C. foundation基础；D. permission同意，允许。根据前文“that week’s
self-directed practice became a model and”以及后文“for almost every meaningful thing I have done since”可知，
那一周的自我指导练习成了作者此后做的几乎每一件有意义的事情的典范和基础。故选C。
8．B句意：它让我明白了成就和成就感之间的区别。A. relationship关系；B. difference不同；C. balance平
衡；D. similarity相似。根据后文“Achievement is the completion of the task imposed (强加) from the outside
the ________ being a path to the next task. Accomplishment is the end point of an activity we have chosen”可知，
成就是完成外部强加的任务，而成就感是我们选择的一项活动的终点，由此推知，作者明白了成就和成就
感之间的区别。故选B。
9．D句意：成就是完成任务后从外界强加的奖励，是通往下一个任务的途径。A. origin起源；B. process
过程；C. decision决定；D. reward回报，奖励。根据前文“Achievement is the completion of the task imposed
(强加) from”可知，成就是完成任务后从外界强加的奖励，是通往下一个任务的途径。故选D。
10．C句意：成就感是我们选择的一项活动的终点，其回报是突然的满足感的迸发，是一种独特的幸福感，
这种幸福感来自于专注于我们自身之外的事物。A. lack缺乏；B. need需要；C. rush情绪迸发；D. dream梦
想。根据前文“Accomplishment is the end point of an activity we have chosen, whose reward is the sudden”以及
后文“of fulfilment”可知，成就感是我们选择的一项活动的终点，其回报是突然的满足感的迸发。故选C。
11．A句意：成就感是我们选择的一项活动的终点，其回报是突然的满足感，是一种独特的幸福感，这种
幸福感来自于专注于我们自身之外的事物。A. happiness幸福；B. direction方向；C. humor幽默；D.
identity身份。根据前文“fulfilment”可知，成就感的回报是一种独特的幸福感。故选A。
12．B句意：对成就感的追求总是让人惊讶。A. concerns使担心；B. amazes使惊讶；C. frightens使害怕；
D. discourages使气馁。根据前文“The world favors achievement while ignoring accomplishment.”以及“The
seeking of accomplishment always”可知，这个世界偏爱成就，而忽视成就感，由此推知，对成就感的追求总是让人感到惊讶。故选B。
13．C句意：很久以前，在那个难忘的一周里，我学到了，只要从吉他的C和弦上抬起一根手指，你就应
该得到最温柔的和声。A. adventurous冒险的；B. blank空白的；C. memorable难忘的；D. peaceful和平的。
根据前文“Fifty years later, that week’s self-directed practice became a model and ________ for almost every
meaningful thing I have done since.”可知，五十年前练习吉他的那一周是难忘的。故选C。
14．D句意：很久以前，在那个难忘的一周里，我学到了，只要从吉他的C和弦上抬起一根手指，你就应
该得到最温柔的和声。A. impression印象；B. conclusion结论；C. scene场景；D. harmony和谐，和声。根
据常识和前文“simply lifting one finger from the guitar’s C chord”可知，只要从吉他的C和弦上抬起一根手
指，你就应该得到最温柔的和声。故选D。
15．A句意：我只是追求成就感。A. pursued追求；B. accepted接受；C. interpreted解释；D. analyzed分析。
根据前文“The world favors achievement while ignoring accomplishment.”及后文“That’s real human
“achievement”.”可知，这个世界偏爱成就，而忽视成就感，由此推知，作者只是追求成就感。故选A。
3.（2025·江西省九校联考高三期中）
体裁：夹叙夹议 词数：240 话题：提出问题的能力更重要 难度：★★★☆☆
I was asked to give a speech at a conference on education. I 1 to sit next to Clay Parker, the CEO
of a technology company.
For the last few years, I’d been reading about the rapidly changing world of 2 and was
increasingly concerned that students are not 3 for today’s workplace. Buried in book knowledge,
university students talk like a book and always pass exams with flying colors. 4 , when facing HR staff
instead of their teachers, what they have learned seems 5 . So I asked Parker what 6 he most
wanted in a potential new employee. I expected a list of 7 skills — especially since Parker is an engineer
himself — but I was quite 8 .
“First, I look for someone who asks good 9 ,” Parker responded. “Our business is changing, and so
are the skills of our engineers, we can teach them the technical stuff. But for 10 willing to solve problems
or to learn new things, they have to know what questions to ask. And we can’t teach them how to ask good
questions — how to 11 . The ability to ask the right questions 12 good thinking ability, the
most important quality.”
Indeed, the ability to ask good questions has been a repeated 13 in today’s workplace. It 14
that asking good questions goes hand in hand with the problems solving ability in the 15 of most
employers.1．A．refused B．happened C．remembered D．expected
2．A．work B．business C．technology D．science
3．A．eager B．prepared C．admitted D．satisfied
4．A．Furthermore B．Meanwhile C．However D．Therefore
5．A．meaningful B．reasonable C．regular D．useless
6．A．qualities B．characters C．knowledge D．aspects
7．A．communication B．reading C．writing D．technique
8．A．correct B．embarrassed C．competitive D．mistaken
9．A．suggestions B．questions C．remarks D．impressions
10．A．employees B．consultants C．managers D．students
11．A．fight B．forgive C．think D．innovate
12．A．affects B．reminds C．reflects D．witnesses
13．A．theme B．drawback C．advantage D．entertainment
14．A．works out B．figures out C．takes out D．turns out
15．A．workplace B．minds C．imagination D．prospects
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C
12．C 13．A 14．D 15．B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了在职场中最重要的能力是具有提出问题的能力，这反映了
其良好的思考能力。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我碰巧坐在Clay Parker旁边，他是一家科技公司的首席执行官。A. refused
拒绝；B. happened碰巧；C. remembered记得；D. expected预料。根据前文“I was asked to give a speech at
a conference on education.”可知，作者是被邀请在一个关于教育的会议上演讲，事先应不知道自己旁边是谁，
所以应是碰巧坐在Clay Parker旁边。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，我一直在阅读有关快速变化的工作世界的文章，并越来
越担心学生们没有为今天的职场做好准备。A. work工作；B. business商业；C. technology技术；D. science
科学。根据后文“students are not for today’s workplace”可知，作者担心学生们没有为今天的职
场做好准备，所以是阅读有关快速变化的工作世界的文章。故选A项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，我一直在阅读有关快速变化的工作世界的文章，并越
来越担心学生们没有为今天的职场做好准备。A. eager渴望的；B. prepared准备好的；C. admitted被承认了
的；D. satisfied满意的。根据前文“Buried in book knowledge, university students talk like a book and alwayspass exams with flying colors. , when facing HR staff instead of their teachers, what they have
learned seems .”可知，作者为担心学生在面对HR的提问时，书上学到的东西似乎毫无用处，
所以作者担心学生们没有为今天的职场做好准备。故选B项。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当面对人力资源人员而不是他们的老师时，他们学到的东西似乎毫
无用处。A. Furthermore此外；B. Meanwhile同时；C. However然而；D. Therefore因此。根据前后文句意
可知，此处为转折关系，应用转折副词however连接。故选C项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当面对人力资源人员而不是他们的老师时，他们学到的东西似乎
毫无用处。A. meaningful有意义的；B. reasonable合理的；C. regular规律的；D. useless无用的。根据前文
“students are not for today’s workplace”可知，作者认为学生们没有为今天的职场做好准备，所以
作者觉得他们学到的东西似乎毫无用处。故选D项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是我问Parker，他最希望新员工具备哪些品质。A. qualities品质；B.
characters性格；C. knowledge知识；D. aspects方面。根据后文“The ability to ask the right questions
good thinking ability, the most important quality.”可知，Parker希望他的员工会问好问题，这是最重要的品质，
所以作者问的是他最希望新员工具备哪些品质。故选A项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我原以为会列出一系列的技术技能——尤其是因为Parker本身就是一名工
程师——但我错了。A. communication交流；B. reading阅读；C. writing写作；D. technique技术。根据后
文“especially since Parker is an engineer himself”可知，Parker是一名工程师，所以作者以为他会列出一系
列的技术技能。故选D项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我原以为会列出一系列的技术技能——尤其是因为Parker本身就是一名
工程师——但我是非常错误的。A. correct正确的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. competitive有竞争力的；D.
mistaken错误的。根据后文“First, I look for someone who asks good ”可知，Parker并没有要
求新员工有一系列的技术技能，所以作者想错了。故选D项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Parker回答说：“首先，我要找一个能提出好问题的人。”A. suggestions建
议；B. questions问题；C. remarks评论；D. impressions印象。根据后文“And we can’t teach them how to
ask good questions — how to .”可知，Parker想找能提出好问题的人。故选B项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但对于愿意解决问题或学习新事物的员工来说，他们必须知道该问什么问
题。A. employees员工；B. consultants顾问；C. managers经理；D. students学生。根据前文“So I asked
Parker what he most wanted in a potential new employee.”可知，作者问Parker新员工的问题，所
以应是愿意解决问题或学习新事物的员工。故选A项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不能教他们如何提出好的问题——如何思考。A. fight战斗；B. forgive原谅；C. think思考；D. innovate创新。根据后文“The ability to ask the right questions good
thinking ability, the most important quality.”可知，Parker认为新员工要会提出好的问题以及思考。故选C项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：提出正确问题的能力反映了良好的思考能力，这是最重要的素质。A.
affects影响；B. reminds提醒；C. reflects反映；D. witnesses见证。根据前文“The ability to ask the right
questions”可知，此处指提出正确问题的能力，反映了良好的思考能力。故选C项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：的确，在当今的职场中，提出好问题的能力一直是一个反复出现的主题。
A. theme主题；B. drawback缺点；C. advantage优点；D. entertainment娱乐。根据前文“Indeed, the ability
to ask good questions”以及后文“in today’s workplace”可知，应是“在当今的职场中，提出好问题的能力一
直是一个反复出现的主题”符合语境。故选A项。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：事实证明，在大多数雇主看来，提出好问题与解决问题的能力是密切相关
的。A. works out解决；B. figures out算出；C. takes out取出；D. turns out结果是。根据后文“asking good
questions goes hand in hand with the problems solving ability”可知，提出好问题与解决问题的能力是密切相关
的，结合实际，这个观点是已被事实证明的。故选D项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，在大多数雇主看来，提出好问题与解决问题的能力是密切相关
的。A. workplace工作场所；B. minds思想；C. imagination想象力；D. prospects前景。根据后文“of most
employers”结合选项可知，应是“在大多数雇主看来”之意，符合语境，所以此处是固定搭配：in the
minds of意为“在……的心中”。故选B项。
4.（2025·山东省百校大联考高三月考）
体裁：夹叙夹议 词数：252 话题：以尊重他人感受的方式调整需求 难度：★★★☆☆
As a graduate student in Chicago, Andria was given the much exhausting job of collecting survey data as
part of an academic research project. Each time she approached a passer-by, she thought she would be told how
annoyed they were. Yet the bad responses 1 came. Many more people were 2 to answer the
questionnaires than she had 3 .
Was it possible, she wondered, that most of us are wrong about whether people want to respond to our
requests? Over the following decade, she conducted multiple studies that 4 this was indeed the case:
under many circumstances, people are often more likely to 5 than we assume.
6 , it seemed that the results provided a refreshingly 7 view of human nature. “It is
8 to know that people are more likely to do things for you than expected.” However, with time going by and
more reflections on the results, Andria has come to 9 that her results reflect a broader tendency that we
usually 10 how much influence our words can have on others, whether we’re asking them to 11good or bad actions. People often agree to do what they are asked because they find it too 12 to say no,
even sometimes feeling uncomfortable with our 13 .
Knowing this can help us understand how our demands might 14 other people particularly in
the workplace, helping us adjust our needs accordingly in ways that respect people’s 15 and without
taking what they have done for us for granted.
1．A．frequently B．eventually C．rarely D．tentatively
2．A．reluctant B．ready C．accessible D．hesitant
3．A．recognized B．transferred C．committed D．anticipated
4．A．made for B．marked out C．made out D．made sure
5．A．ignore B．cooperate C．reject D．complain
6．A．On the surface B．On the whole C．On the contrary D．On the go
7．A．neutral B．critical C．negative D．optimistic
8．A．ridiculous B．awesome C．discouraging D．influential
9．A．deny B．doubt C．appreciate D．subscribe
10．A．undervalue B．overstate C．mislead D．correlate
11．A．imitate B．perceive C．measure D．perform
12．A．awkward B．deliberate C．tricky D．amused
13．A．recommendations B．requests C．quests D．
announcements
14．A．distinguish B．impress C．emerge D．impact
15．A．defense B．assumptions C．boundaries D．confusion
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．D
12．A 13．B 14．D 15．C
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文讲述了芝加哥一名研究生安德里亚在收集调查数据时意外发现，人
们往往比预期更愿意回应他人的请求。她通过多年研究证实，人们通常低估了自己言语对他人行为的影响
力，这反映了一种更广泛的倾向。了解这一点有助于我们理解自身需求如何影响他人，特别是在职场中，
从而让我们以尊重他人感受的方式调整需求。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，很少收到不好的回复。A. frequently经常地；B. eventually最终；C.
rarely很少地；D. tentatively暂定地，试探性地。根据前文的“Each time she approached a passer-by, she
thought she would be told how annoyed they were.”以及句首“Yet”可知上下文构成转折关系，每次安德里亚向路人提出请求时，都以为会被拒绝，但实际情况是“很少收到不好的回复”。故选C项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比她预想的，更多的人愿意回答问卷。A. reluctant不情愿的；B. ready乐
意的；C. accessible可进入的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据前文“Yet the bad responses ________ came.”以及
后文的“than she had ________ .”可知，此处指比她预想的更多的人愿意回答问卷。be ready to do sth.表示
“乐意做某事”。故选B项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. recognized认出；B. transferred转移；C. committed承诺；D.
anticipated预料。根据前文“Each time she approached a passer-by, she thought she would be told how annoyed
they were.”以及后文“that most of us are wrong about whether people want to respond to our requests”可知，安
德里亚对人们是否会回应她的请求的预期是错误的，所以此处指愿意回答问卷的人比她预想的多。故选D
项。
4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在接下来的十年里，她进行了多项研究，确保事实确实如此：在许多情况
下，人们往往比我们想象的更愿意合作。A. made for向……移动；B. marked out标出；C. made out理解，
辨认出；D. made sure确保，查明，核实，弄清（某事属实或已做）。根据后文的“this was indeed the
case”可知，安德里亚进行多项研究是为了弄清楚事实确实如此。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. ignore忽视；B. cooperate合作；C. reject拒绝；D. complain抱怨。
根据前文的“Many more people were ________ to answer the questionnaires than she had _______ .”可知，
比她预想的，更多的人愿意回答问卷，所以此处指人们往往比我们想象的更愿意合作。故选B项。
6．考查介词短语辨析。句意：表面上，结果似乎提供了一个令人耳目一新的人性乐观观点。A. On the
surface表面上；B. On the whole大体上，总体而言；C. On the contrary相反；D. On the go十分活跃，非常
忙碌。根据后文的“However, with time going by and more reflections on the results”可知，然而，随着时间的
推移和对结果的更多反思，作者发现事情并非“表面上”那样，所以此处指表面上，结果似乎提供了一个
令人耳目一新的人性乐观观点。故选A项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. neutral中立的；B. critical批评的；C. negative消极的；D.
optimistic乐观的。根据“It is ________ to know that people are more likely to do things for you than expected.”
可知，人们比预期的更愿意为你做事，这是一个令人乐观的发现，所以此处指结果似乎提供了一个令人耳
目一新的人性乐观观点。故选D项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“知道人们比预期的更愿意为你做事真是太棒了。”A. ridiculous荒谬的；
B. awesome令人敬畏的，很棒的；C. discouraging令人沮丧的；D. influential有影响力的。根据“people are
more likely to do things for you than expected”可知，人们比预期的更愿意为你做事，所以这是一件非常棒的
事情。故选B项。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着时间的推移和对结果的更多反思，Andria明白到她的结果反映
了一个更广泛的趋势，即我们通常低估了我们的言语能对他人产生多大的影响。A. deny否认；B. doubt怀
疑；C. appreciate理解，意识到，欣赏；D. subscribe订阅。根据前文“However, with time going by and more
reflections on the results”可知，此处指安德里亚对研究结果进行了更多的反思后意识到的事情。故选C项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. undervalue低估；B. overstate夸大；C. mislead误导；D. correlate
相互关联。根据后文“whether we’re asking them to ________ good or bad actions.”以及“ People often
agree to do what they are asked because they find it too ______ to say no, even sometimes feeling uncomfortable
with our ______.”可知，我们要求别人做好事或坏事，别人都会同意，所以通常低估了言语对他人的影响力。
故选A项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论我们是要求他们做好事还是坏事。A. imitate模仿；B. perceive注意到，
认为；C. measure测量；D. perform执行，做。根据后文的“good or bad actions”可知，这里指做好事或坏
事，perform actions意为“采取行动，执行操作”，符合语境。故选D项。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们经常同意做他们被要求做的事情，因为他们觉得拒绝太尴尬了，有
时甚至对我们的请求感到不舒服。A. awkward尴尬的；B. deliberate故意的；C. tricky狡猾的；D. amused
逗乐的，觉得好笑的。根据后文的“even sometimes feeling uncomfortable with our ________ .”可知，人们
会因为拒绝会感到尴尬或不舒服而同意做他们被要求做的事情。故选A项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. recommendations推荐；B. requests请求；C. quests探索，寻求；
D. announcements公告。根据上文的“whether we’re asking them to ________ good or bad actions.”以及句中
“People often agree to do what they are asked”可知，这里指对别人的请求感到不舒服。故选B项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：了解这一点可以帮助我们理解我们的需求如何影响他人，特别是在工作场
所，从而帮助我们以尊重他人界限的方式相应地调整我们的需求，并且不要把他们对我们所做的事情视为
理所当然。A. distinguish区分；B. impress使印象深刻；C. emerge浮现；D. impact影响。根据后文的
“helping us adjust our needs accordingly in ways that respect people’s ________ and without taking what they
have done for us for granted.”可知，了解这一点可以帮助以尊重他人界限的方式相应地调整我们的需求，即
了解这一点也可以帮助我们理解我们的需求是如何影响他人的。故选D项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. defense防御；B. assumptions假设；C. boundaries界限；D.
confusion困惑。根据上文的“helping us adjust our needs accordingly”以及下文“without taking what they
have done for us for granted”可知，了解这一点可以帮助我们相应地调整需求，从而尊重他人的界限，不要
把他们对我们所做的事情视为理所当然。故选C项。
5.（2025·江苏省苏州市高三九校联考教学质量调研）体裁：夹叙夹议 词数：256 话题：正视伤疤 难度：★★★☆☆
I was once troubled by scars. But now I find it funny when people are 1 of the scars they have
on their bodies. To me, scars shine a light on who a person 2 is.
I was born in the year 2000. Ten days after I was born, I had my first surgery, 3 my first of
many scars. I consider myself to be quite different because my 4 are rare and very few people have
the same scar as I do. It’s 5 , like me.
Then, after several more months of going in and out of the hospital I received my biggest and most 6
scar from a six-hour open-heart surgery. This one 7 all the way vertically (垂直地) down my chest.
8 , the heart is a symbol of love, so I see this scar as representative of my 9 to love and my
perseverance (毅力). Today, I am completely healthy. 10 I still go to the hospital for yearly check-
ups, my heart condition does not hinder (阻碍) my abilities in any way. If it weren’t for my 11 ,
nobody would know I am any different from the next person.
The thing is, I 12 my scars. I wear them as badges (徽章) of courage and survival. I often
13 why they would want to hide their best stories. I don’t know why they call their survival an 14
. If you have a scar, big or small, be 15 . It’s part of who you are.
1．A．confident B．conscious C．ashamed D．independent
2．A．constantly B．naturally C．suddenly D．truly
3．A．removing B．gaining C．analyzing D．tracing
4．A．inferences B．emotions C．conditions D．divisions
5．A．shallow B．unique C．protective D．fortunate
6．A．meaningful B．mysterious C．tolerable D．unknown
7．A．runs B．disappears C．leads D．moves
8．A．Frequently B．Eventually C．Typically D．Alternatively
9．A．ability B．dream C．application D．plan
10．A．When B．As C．Because D．Although
11．A．accidents B．wish C．scars D．ways
12．A．love B．forget C．avoid D．cure
13．A．repair B．wonder C．describe D．explain
14．A．advantage B．absence C．encounter D．imperfection
15．A．guilty B．aware C．envious D．proud
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C
12．A 13．B 14．D 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者自身经历，鼓励人们正视身体上的伤疤，将其视为勇气与
生存的徽章。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在我发现，当人们为他们身上的伤疤感到羞耻时，我觉得这很有趣。
A. confident自信的；B. conscious有意识的；C. ashamed羞耻的；D. independent独立的。根据后文“when
people are ______ of the scars they have on their bodies.”以及常识可知，人们通常会因为伤疤而感到羞耻，所
以此处指作者觉得人们为他们身上的伤疤感到羞耻很有趣。故选C项。
2． 考查副词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，伤疤揭示了一个人真正的自我。A. constantly不断地；B.
naturally自然地；C. suddenly突然地；D. truly真正地。根据后文“who a person ______ is”以及作者对待伤
疤的态度可知，伤疤揭示了人们真正的自我。故选D项。
3． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：十天后，我做了第一次手术，获得了我的第一道、也是许多伤疤中的一道。
A. removing去除；B. gaining获得；C. analyzing分析；D. tracing追踪。根据前文“I had my first surgery”可
知，作者做了第一次手术，所以获得了一道伤疤。故选B项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为自己很特别，因为我的身体状况很少见，很少有人和我一样有同样
的伤疤。A. inferences推论；B. emotions情绪；C. conditions状况；D. divisions分离。根据前文“I consider
myself to be quite different”以及后文“are rare and very few people have the same scar as I do”可知，作者认为
自己的身体状况很特别。故选C项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它很独特，就像我一样。A. shallow肤浅的；B. unique独特的；C.
protective保护的；D. fortunate幸运的。根据前文“I consider myself to be quite different”以及“my ______
are rare”可知，作者的身体状况很少见，很独特。故选B项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，在几个月里多次进出医院后，我从一次六个小时的开心脏手术中
得到了最大、最有意义的伤疤。A. meaningful有意义的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. tolerable可忍受的；D.
unknown未知的。根据后文“so I see this scar as representative of my ______ to love and my perseverance”可知，
作者认为伤疤代表了自己对爱的能力和毅力，所以伤疤是有意义的。故选A项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个伤疤一直垂直延伸到我的胸口。A. runs跑，延伸；B. disappears消失；
C. leads引导；D. moves移动。根据后文“all the way vertically down my chest”可知，伤疤是垂直延伸到胸
口的。故选A项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通常，心脏是爱的象征，所以我把这个伤疤看作是我对爱的能力和毅力的
象征。A. Frequently经常地；B. Eventually最终；C. Typically通常；D. Alternatively另外。根据后文“theheart is a symbol of love”可知，心脏是爱的象征，这是通常意义上的说法。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，心脏是爱的象征，所以我把这个伤疤看作是我对爱的能力和毅力的
象征。A. ability能力；B. dream梦想；C. application应用；D. plan计划。根据前文“the heart is a symbol of
love”以及后文“to love”可知，此处指对爱的能力。故选A项。
10．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管我仍然每年去医院体检，但我的心脏病并没有以任何方式阻碍我的能
力。A. When当……时；B. As随着；C. Because因为；D. Although尽管。根据后文“I still go to the hospital
for yearly check-ups, my heart condition does not hinder my abilities in any way”可知，前后部分为转折关系，
应用Although。故选D项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是因为我的伤疤，没有人会知道我和其他人有什么不同。A.
accidents事故；B. wish希望；C. scars伤疤；D. ways方法。根据前文多次提及的“scars”可知，此处指伤
疤。故选C项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：问题是，我爱我的伤疤。A. love爱；B. forget忘记；C. avoid避免；D. cure
治愈。根据后文“I wear them as badges of courage and survival”可知，作者将伤疤视为勇气与生存的徽章，
所以作者爱自己的伤疤。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我常常想知道，他们为什么要隐藏自己最好的故事。A. repair修理；B.
wonder想知道；C. describe描述；D. explain解释。根据后文“why they would want to hide their best stories”
可知，此处指作者想知道人们为什么要隐藏伤疤。故选B项。
14． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道为什么他们把自己的生存说成是不完美。A. advantage优势；B.
absence缺席；C. encounter遭遇；D. imperfection不完美。根据前文“I wear them as badges of courage and
survival”以及后文“If you have a scar, big or small, be ______. It’s part of who you are”可知，作者认为伤疤是
勇气与生存的徽章，是自身的一部分，而有的人却认为伤疤是不完美的，所以此处指人们把自己的生存说
成是不完美。故选D项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你身上有伤疤，无论大小，都要自豪。A. guilty内疚的；B. aware
意识到的；C. envious羡慕的；D. proud自豪的。根据前文“I wear them as badges of courage and survival”以
及“It’s part of who you are”可知，作者鼓励人们正视伤疤，它是勇气与生存的徽章，是自身的一部分，所
以要为此感到自豪。故选D项。
6.（2025·河北定州中学高三月考）
体裁：夹叙夹议 词数：225 话题：旅行的真正意义 难度：★★★☆☆
When I was in third grade, my family and I took on an unforgettable trip across the country. It turned out to
be more than just a/an 1 journey; it was a journey of discovery into our 2 . Every day, Dad 3us with his trusty road map. Mom, the heart of our family, shared folk tales and painted pictures about the
upcoming 4 . We went through diverse 5 from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West.
One day, while hiking through the Grand Canyon, I 6 a particularly rough path. Frightened, I 7
, not knowing how to proceed. That’s when my parents 8 .
As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming 9 and reminded me of the breathtaking
views that lay ahead. Then, I 10 the confidence as my feet 11 solid ground again. When I finally
overcame my fear, I felt we became 12 as a family.
From then on, every evening, we’d gather around a campfire for what we 13 called “Family
Reflection Time”. During these sessions, we’d share laughs, 14 , and insights from the day’s experiences.
The trip taught me that the true meaning of travel isn’t merely about reaching the destination but about the
personal growth that happens on the route, and the family bonds formed when facing 15 together.225
1．A．crowded B．physical C．creative D．necessary
2．A．relationships B．potentials C．dreams D．inspirations
3．A．guided B．encouraged C．comforted D．attracted
4．A．events B．stations C．locations D．shows
5．A．cultures B．landscapes C．groups D．countries
6．A．imagined B．constructed C．smoothed D．encountered
7．A．froze B．flew C．fell D．forgot
8．A．reached down B．stood aside C．stepped in D．turned back
9．A．words B．worries C．noises D．thoughts
10．A．lost B．maintained C．demonstrate D．restored
11．A．left B．broke C．found D．dug
12．A．nicer B．tougher C．braver D．closer
13．A．originally B．affectionately C．frequently D．simply
14．A．sympathy B．conflict C．tears D．profits
15．A．challenges B．defeats C．opposition D．uncertainty
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者一家进行了一场难忘的全国旅行，这场旅行让整个
家庭变得更亲密了，而且这场旅行也让作者懂得了旅行的真正意义。
1．B句意：事实证明，这不仅仅是一次现实的旅行；这是一次探索我们关系的旅行。A. crowded拥挤的；
B. physical现实的；C. creative创造（性）的；D. necessary必要的。根据句中的“it was a journey of
discovery into our ”可知，这次旅行还是一次探索发现更深层次东西之旅，由此可知，这不仅仅是一场现实的旅行。故选B。
2．A句意参考上题。A. relationships关系；B. potentials潜力；C. dreams梦想；D. inspirations灵感。根据
下文中的“the family bonds formed”可知，这场旅行让家庭关系更亲密了，所以这是一场探索家庭关系的旅
行。故选A。
3．A句意：每天，爸爸都用他可靠的路线图给我们引路。A. guided引导（某人至某地）；B. encouraged
鼓励；C. comforted安慰；D. attracted吸引。根据空后的“with his trusty road map”可知，爸爸用地图给大
家引路。故选A。
4．C句意：妈妈，我们家的核心，分享了关于即将到的地点的民间故事并画画。A. events事件；B.
stations火车站；C. locations地点；D. shows节目。根据空前的“the upcoming”和下文中的“We went
through diverse
from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West.”可知，这里是说他们即将到访的地点。故选
C。
5．B句意：我们经历了从茂密的森林到西部广阔的沙漠的各种景观。A. cultures文化；B. landscapes风景；
C. groups组；D. countries国家。根据空后的“from the thick forests to the vast deserts of the West”可知，这里
是说他们看到的各种各样的景观。故选B。
6．D句意：一天，在大峡谷徒步旅行时，我遇到了一条特别崎岖的小路。A. imagined想象；B. constructed
建造；C. smoothed使平滑；D. encountered遇到。根据下文中的“not knowing how to proceed”可知，作者
遇到了一条特别崎岖的小路。故选D。
7．A句意：我吓坏了，僵住了，不知道该怎么办。A. froze（因害怕等）不动；B. flew飞行；C. fell落下；
D. forgot忘记。根据句中的“Frightened”可知，作者吓得僵住了。故选A。
8．C句意：就在那时我父母介入了。A. reached down把……拿下来；B. stood aside站到一边；C. stepped
in介入；D. turned back使返回。根据下文中的“As Dad showed me footholds, Mom coached me with calming
and reminded me of the breathtaking views that lay ahead.”可知，父母过来帮助作者，所以是介入了
作者所处的困境。故选C。
9．A句意：当爸爸给我看立足点时，妈妈用平静的话语指导我，并提醒我前方的壮丽景色。A. words话语；
B. worries担心；C. noises噪音；D. thoughts想法。根据句中的“coached me”可知，妈妈用平静的话语指导
作者。故选A。
10．D句意：然后，当我的双脚再次站稳脚跟时，我恢复了信心。A. lost失去；B. maintained维持；C.
demonstrate证明；D. restored恢复。根据上文中的“Frightened, I , not knowing how to proceed.”和
下文中的“I finally overcame my fear”可知，作者一开始看到这条崎岖小路时吓呆住了，后来在父母的帮助下终于克服了自己的害怕，由此可知，作者重新恢复的信心。故选D
11．C句意参考上题。A. left离开；B. broke弄坏；C. found找到；D. dug挖。根据上文中的“Dad showed
me footholds”和空后的“solid ground again”可知，作者在父母的指导下找到了立足点，双脚找到了结实的
地面站稳了。故选C。
12．D句意：当我终于克服恐惧时，我觉得我们作为一家人变得更亲密了。A. nicer更好的；B. tougher更
艰苦的；C. braver更勇敢的；D. closer更亲近的。根据下文中的“the family bonds formed”和空后的“as a
family”可知，作者一家人变得更加亲密了。故选D
13．B句意：从那时起，每天晚上，我们都会聚集在篝火旁，进行我们亲切地称之为“家庭回忆时间”的
活动。A. originally原来，起初；B. affectionately亲切地；C. frequently频繁地；D. simply简单地，仅仅。
根据空后的“called ‘Family Reflection Time’”并结合语境可知，他们将每晚进行的这个活动称为“家庭回忆
时间”，由此可知，他们很喜欢这个活动，很亲切地给它取名字。故选B。
14．C句意：在这些活动中，我们会分享一天的经历带来的欢笑、泪水和见解。A. sympathy同情；B.
conflict冲突；C. tears泪水；D. profits利润。根据空前的“laughs”可知，这里指一天经历的欢乐和泪水。
故选C。
15．A句意：这次旅行教会了我，旅行的真正意义不仅仅是到达目的地，而是在旅途中发生的个人成长，
以及在共同面对挑战时形成的家庭纽带。A. challenges挑战；B. defeats失败；C. opposition反对；D.
uncertainty犹豫。根据空前的“facing”并结合上文作者面临崎岖小路时父母给予帮助可知，这里是说一家
人一起面对挑战。故选A。
Passage 1
1.（2025·河北省沧衡名校联盟高三期中）
体裁：夹叙夹议 词数：261 话题：设定小目标 难度：★★★☆☆
I used to be a firm resolution-maker and every January 1st, I would write out my resolutions for the
upcoming year. I always picked 1 goals: To lose 50 pounds, to run a marathon, to be the best parent ever
who never yelled at my children... However, I never 2 them. I’d always start out strong, but by February or
March, I’d be out of 3 and slide quietly back into my old 4 . Every winter, looking back at all of the
amazing things I didn’t do, I’d feel 5 .Two years ago, I was diagnosed with breast cancer. The 6 made me realize how fragile and precious
life is—and I decided not to waste a minute of it feeling bad. 7 , I had always felt like I was failing
somewhere, but now simply being 8 and with my family felt like a huge success. That was when I decided I
was 9 with New Year’s resolutions. I began to learn that January 1st is just a day, nothing special. I could
make the day I decided to be a better person a special day, 10 what the calendar says.
Looking back, my biggest 11 with New Year’s resolutions was wanting to “dream big”, not
trying to achieve them. Now I’m all about the little goals. Every time I 12 one of my mini goals off my
list, I feel 13 . Cancer gave me a sense of 14 and motivated me to find a better way to feel
successful. I haven’t 15 on becoming a better person.
1．A．real B．big C．specific D．immediate
2．A．ignored B．rejected C．provided D．accomplished
3．A．willpower B．curiosity C．reach D．operation
4．A．cultures B．positions C．routines D．flats
5．A．dizzy B．guilty C．fortunate D．awkward
6．A．recovery B．shortcoming C．growth D．illness
7．A．Previously B．Regretfully C．Eventually D．Accordingly
8．A．potential B．competent C．alive D．selfish
9．A．satisfied B．done C．concerned D．armed
10．A．other than B．as for C．instead of D．regardless of
11．A．problem B．exception C．error D．surprise
12．A．keep B．cut C．check D．blow
13．A．ridiculous B．content C．miserable D．ashamed
14．A．conscience B．fairness C．humor D．purpose
15．A．given up B．taken off C．hung about D．sped up
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A
【解析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲述了作者从小就是一个喜欢在每年的1月1日就写下新
年计划的人，但每次都没能完成自己的计划。在得了癌症之后，作者改变了心态，将大的目标设定为小目
标进行，从而找到了生活的意义。1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我总是选择大的目标：瘦50磅，跑马拉松，成为从不对孩子大吼的家长。
A. real真的；B. big大的；C. specific特定的；D. immediate立刻的。根据后文的“Looking back, my biggest
with New Year’s resolutions was wanting to “dream big””词义复现可知，我最大的问题就是将目标
设立得太大了，故此处指我总是选择大的目标，故选B。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，我从来都没完成它们。A. ignored忽视；B. rejected拒绝；C. provided
提供；D. accomplished完成。根据空前的转折“However”可知，此处与前文转折，我总是设立大的目标，
但是从来都没完成过，故选D。
3．考查名词。句意：我总是开始的时候很积极，但到二月或者三月的时候，我就失去了意志力，悄悄地
回到了原来的常规。A. willpower意志力；B. curiosity好奇心；C. reach影响范围；D. operation手术，操作。
根据前文“I’d always start out strong, but by February or March, I’d be out of”转折可知，我开始的时候很积极，
但到二月或者三月时，就失去了坚持下去的意志力，故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. cultures文化；B. positions位置；C. routines常规，惯例；D. flats
公寓。根据空前“I’d always start out strong, but by February or March, I’d be out of and slide quietly
back into my old”可知，我总是开始的时候很积极，但到二月或者三月的时候，我就失去了意志力，因此就
悄悄地回到了原来的常规生活，故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每年冬天，回顾所有我没完成大事，我都会感到愧疚。A. dizzy眩晕的；
B. guilty愧疚的；C. fortunate幸运的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据空前“looking back at all of the amazing
things I didn’t do”可知，回顾所有我没完成的大事，我都会因为没能完成自己新年定下的目标而感到愧疚，
故选B。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这场疾病让我意识到，生命是多么脆弱和珍贵——因此我决定不再因伤心
而浪费生活中的每一分钟。A. recovery恢复；B. shortcoming缺点；C. growth成长；D. illness疾病。根据
空前“Two years ago, I was diagnosed with breast cancer.”可知，两年前，我诊断除了乳腺癌，因此这场疾病
让我意识到生命的脆弱和珍贵，故选D。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：之前，我总是觉得我在某些方面很失败，但现在，仅仅是活着且和家人在
一起，对我来说，都是巨大的成功。A. Previously之前；B. Regretfully遗憾地；C. Eventually最终；D.
Accordingly相应地。根据后文的“but now simply being and with my family felt like a huge
success”转折可知，现在对我来说，活着就是成功，但在之前，我总是觉得自己在很多方面失败，故选A。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. potential有潜力的；B. competent有能力的；C. alive活着的；D.
selfish自私的。根据前文“The made me realize how fragile and precious life is”可知，这场疾病让
我意识到生命的脆弱，因此我现在认为活着就是成功，故选C。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，我决定不再制定新年计划了。A. satisfied满意的；B. done完成
的；C. concerned关心的；D. armed武装的。根据后文“I began to learn that January 1st is just a day, nothing
special.”可知，我认为没有必要在特殊的时间做特殊的事情，所以作者决定不再制定新年计划了，be done
with“结束”，故选B。
10．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我可以把我决定做一个更好的人的日子作为一个特殊的日子，不管日
历上写的是什么。A. other than除了；B. as for至于；C. instead of而不是；D. regardless of不管。根据前文
“I began to learn that January 1st is just a day, nothing special.”可知，我认为1月1日没有什么特别的，所以
我决定不管日历上写的是什么，我都把决定做一个更好的人的日子作为一个特殊的日子，故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回首过去，我在新年计划上最大的问题就是想要“梦想远大”，而不是努
力去实现它们。A. problem问题；B. exception例外；C. error错误；D. surprise惊喜。根据后文“not trying
to achieve them”可知，我在新年计划上最大的问题就是，不去努力实现它们，故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我从我的清单上划掉一个小目标时，我都会感到满足。A. keep保持；
B. cut切；C. check检查；D. blow吹。根据后文“one of my mini goals off my list”可知，我是从我的清单上
划掉完成了的小目标，check…off“划掉……”，故填C。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. ridiculous可笑的；B. content满足的；C. miserable悲惨的；D.
ashamed羞愧的。根据前文“Every time I one of my mini goals off my list”，我从清单上划掉一个
小目标时，就代表着完成了这个小目标，因此应该会感到满足，故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：癌症给了我一种目标感，激励我找到一种更好的方式去感受成功。A.
conscience良心；B. fairness公平；C. humor幽默；D. purpose目的。根据后文“and motivated me to find a
better way to feel successful.”可知，激励着我找到了一种更好的方式去感受成功，因此癌症给了我目标感，
故选D。
15．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我没有放弃成为一个更好的人。A. given up放弃；B. taken off起飞；
C. hung about闲荡；D. sped up加速。根据后文“on becoming a better person”可知，成为一个更好的人应该
是需要长期坚持的，故此处表示作者没有放弃成为一个更好的人，故选A。
2.（2025·山东省济南市市中区实验中学高三月考）
体裁：夹叙夹议 词数：245 话题：给予和接受 难度：★★★☆☆
I’ve heard that it’s better to give than to receive, while my experience tells me that receiving is highly 1
.
When I was nine, for some reason my mum moved us to the 2 of my grandparents, who
ministered to our needs with meals, love and 3 to and from various activities and lessons. However,determined to be 4 , I looked after everyone, even when I was in worse shape than the people I was
trying to 5 . Although someone would lend me a hand occasionally, I would turn down their 6
.
Once I went shopping with my son and he 7 a toy he wanted. At the checkout, I found I didn’t
have enough money on that day. With many necessities to purchase, I tried to 8 him to give up the toy.
Just then, a gentleman in line offered me a $5 note, which perfectly 9 the toy. Feeling ashamed, I insisted
that I wasn’t 10 at all. I was about to 11 him as usual when I realized that it was okay to
receive others’ kindness, 12 I could have done it myself. The moment I accepted his 13 ,
I saw a beautiful smile on his face...
In the following years, I have been able to 14 it forward whenever needed. In turn, I have
received blessings from others. Now I know that giving and receiving are two halves of a whole, each 15
without the other.
1．A．updated B．respected C．underestimated D．educated
2．A．shelter B．control C．defense. D．league
3．A．reaction B．transportation C．devotion D．contribution
4．A．independent B．free C．ambitious D．calm
5．A．grab B．impress C．tolerate D．attend
6．A．giveaway B．blueprint C．handout D．goodwill
7．A．encountered B．tested C．designed D．fixed
8．A．invite B．allow C．persuade D．encourage
9．A．survive B．covered. C．rescue D．produce
10．A．needy B．wealthy C．ordinary D．messy
11．A．accept B．observe C．motivate D．decline
12．A．as though B．if only C．even if D．now that
13．A．bill B．note C．toy D．gift
14．A．push B．put C．bring D．pay
15．A．precious B．reliable C．incomplete D．unwise
【答案】
1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．D 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．D
12．C 13．D 14．B 15．C【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要通过作者得到别人慷慨帮助的故事，阐述了给予和接受是事物的
两面，谁也不能单独存在。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我听说给予比接受更重要，而我的经验告诉我，接受被严重低估了。A.
updated更新；B. respected尊重；C. underestimated低估；D. educated教育。根据第三段作者的个人经验
“The moment I accepted his , I saw a beautiful smile on his face”可知，作者认为接受被严重低估了。
故选C项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我九岁的时候，出于某种原因，我妈妈把我们搬到了祖父母的住处，他
们照顾我们的需要，给我们提供食物、爱和接送我们参加各种活动和上课的交通。A. shelter住处；B.
control控制；C. defense防御；D. league联盟。根据后文“who ministered to our needs with meals, love and
to and from various activities and lessons”可知，作者搬到了祖父母的住处。故选A项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. reaction反应；B. transportation交通；C. devotion奉献；D.
contribution贡献。根据后文“to and from various activities and lessons”可知，祖父母负责作者参加各种活动
和上课的交通。故选B项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我决心要独立，我照顾每一个人，即使我的身体状况比我要照顾
的人还差。A. independent独立的；B. free自由的；C. ambitious雄心壮志的；D. calm冷静的。根据后文“I
looked after everyone”可知，作者决心要独立并照顾每一个人。故选A项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grab抓住；B. impress留下……印象；C. tolerate容忍；D. attend照
顾。根据前文“I looked after everyone, even when I was in worse shape than the people I was trying to”可知，
作者的身体状况比他要照顾的人还差。故选D项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然偶尔会有人向我伸出援助之手，但我会拒绝他们的好意。A. giveaway
赠品；B. blueprint蓝图；C. handout救济品；D. goodwill善意。根据前文“Although someone would lend me
a hand occasionally, I would turn down”可知，作者总是拒绝他人的好意。故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次我和儿子去购物，他把目光锁定在他想要的玩具上。A. encountered
遇到；B. tested测试；C. designed设计；D. fixed (目光)锁定在……。根据后文“a toy he wanted”可知，儿
子把目光锁定在想要的玩具上。故选D项。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于有许多必需品需要购买，我试图说服他放弃这个玩具。A. invite邀请；
B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. encourage鼓励。根据前文“I found I didn’t have enough money on that
day”可知，由于钱不够，作者试图说服儿子放弃这个玩具。故选C项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，排队的一位先生递给我一张5美元的钞票，正好足够支付这个玩
具。A. survive存活；B. covered足够支付；C. rescue拯救；D. produce生产。根据前文“a gentleman in lineoffered me a $5 note”可知，一位先生递给作者钞票，正好足够支付这个玩具。故选B项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到羞愧，坚持说我一点也不贫困。A. needy贫困的；B. wealthy富有
的；C. ordinary普通的；D. messy凌乱的。根据前文“Feeling ashamed, I insisted that I wasn’t”可知，作者坚
持说自己一点也不贫困，不想接受资助。故选A项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我正要像往常一样拒绝他，这时我意识到接受别人的好意帮助是可以的，
即使我自己可以做到。A. accept接受；B. observe观察；C. motivate激励；D. decline拒绝。根据前文
“Feeling ashamed, I insisted that I wasn’t at all. ”和后文“as usual”可知，作者正要像往常一样拒
绝他人的好意。故选D项。
12．考查连词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. as though好像；B. if only要是……就好了；C. even if即使，虽然；
D. now that既然。根据前文“when I realized that it was okay to receive others’ kindness”和后文“I could have
done it myself”可知，这时作者意识到接受别人的好意帮助是可以的，即使自己可以做到。故选C项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我接受他的礼物时，我看到他脸上露出了美丽的微笑……A. bill账单；
B. note笔记； C. toy玩具；D. gift礼物。根据前文“Just then, a gentleman in line offered me a $5 note,
which perfectly the toy.”可知，作者接受了他人的“礼物”。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，我一直能够在需要的时候提出帮助。A. push推；B.
put 放（put forward提出）；C. bring拿来；D. pay支付。根据前文“I was about to him as usual
when I realized that it was okay to receive others’ kindness, I could have done it myself. The moment I
accepted his , I saw a beautiful smile on his face...”可知，作者能够在需要帮助的时候提出。故选B
项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我知道给予和接受是一个整体的两个部分，缺一不可。A. precious
宝贵的；B. reliable可靠的；C. incomplete不完整的；D. unwise不明智的。根据前文“In the following
years, I have been able to it forward whenever needed. In turn, I have received blessings from others.
Now I know that giving and receiving are two halves of a whole”可知，给予和接受是一个整体的两个部分，缺
一不可。故选C项。
1.（2021浙江1月卷）
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to____16____on the Internet and discovered VolunteerUSA. Three months later I____17____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was____18____at the thought of
living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of____19____, my worries had
gone. Everyone was so____20____and like-minded that it was very____21____ to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day____22____. We had to____23____everything
we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a____24____way but in 35℃ heat and
with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to____25____a stairway out of rock. This____26____climbing up and down the side of a
mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never____27____.
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The____28____of knowing that my____29____will be
on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were____30____in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in
my tent. The temperature was close to____31____. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the
only____32____part of my tent.
____33____, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I____34____. I
think I am much____35____for having taken part in the project.
16. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
17. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found
18. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
19. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
20. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
21. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy
22. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
23. A.drop B. make C. carry D. buy
24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
25. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard
26. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
27. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed
28. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
29. A. work B. memory C. record D. story
30. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing32. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
33. A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either case
34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered
35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier
【答案】16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A
29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者
的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这
个经历让自己变得更坚强。
16.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate计算；B. negotiate
协商；C. advertise登广告；D. research研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可
知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D项。
17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined想
象；B. introduced介绍；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. found发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可
知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D项。
18.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed烦恼的；
B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我一开
始很担忧。故选C项。
19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving到达；B. sleeping睡
觉；C. thinking思考；D. walking行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选
A项。
20.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.
confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”
可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B项。
21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny
搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”得知大
家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D项。
22.考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头 8天的项目。A. tour游览；B. project项
目；C. campaign活动；D. course课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说当志
愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B项。23.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下；B.
make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。
故选C项。
24.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在 35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着
了火。A. nice好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知，作者
他们走的路程不远。故选C项。
25考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build建造；B. test测试；C. clean清洁；
D. guard保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶
梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。
26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped帮助；B. ended
结束；C. allowed允许；D. meant意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬
上爬下。故选D项。
27.考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted捕猎；B. trained
训练；C. seen看到；D. fed喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者以前没
有见过。故选C项。
28.考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大
的。A. satisfaction满意；B. ambition雄心；C. expectation期待；D. intention意图。根据上文的“a beautiful
stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A项。
29.考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大
的。A. work工作，作品；B. memory回忆；C. record记录；D. story故事。根据上文的“My job was to”“a
beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A项。
30.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left离开；B. caught捉住；C.
attacked袭击；D. separated分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，
作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B项。
31.考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. normal正常
的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D项。
32.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy干净的；B. dry干
的；C. new新的；D. soft软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里进了
水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B项。
33.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way顺便问一下；B. Regardless of that尽管这样；C. Needless to say 不用说；D. In either case在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶
和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C项。
34.考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived生存；
B. resisted反抗；C. escaped逃离，抓牢；D. recovered恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in
my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A项。
35.考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter更聪明的；B.
stronger更强壮的；C. happier更快乐的；D. busier更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face
in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B项。
2.（2020江苏卷）
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. Success ___36___ fundamentally on our
view of ourselves and of the ____37____ in our lives.
When twelve-year-old John Wilson walked into his chemistry class on a rainy day in 1931, he had no
___38___ of knowing that his life was to change ____39____. The class experiment that day was to ____40____
how heating a container of water would bring air bubbling (冒泡) to the surface. ____41____, the container the
teacher gave Wilson to heat ____42____ held something more volatile (易挥发的) than water. When Wilson
heated it, the container ___43___, leaving Wilson blinded in both eyes.
When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents ____44____ to find a way to deal
with the catastrophe that had ______45______ their lives. But Wilson did not regard the accident as
______46______. He learned braille (盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the
Blind. There, he not only did well as a student but also became a(n)______47______ public speaker.
Later, he worked in Africa, where many people suffered from ______48______ for lack of proper treatment.
For him, it was one thing to _____49_____ his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to
continue _____50_____ it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action. And tens of millions in Africa and
Asia can see because of the ______51______ Wilson made to preventing the ______52______.
Wilson received several international ______53______ for his great contributions. He lost his sight but found
a _____54_____. He proved that it’s not what happens to us that ______55______ our lives-it’s what we make of
what happens.
36. A. depends B. holds C. keeps D. reflects
37. A. dilemmas B. accidents C. events D. steps
38. A. way B. hope C. plan D. measure39. A. continually B. gradually C. gracefully D. completely
40. A. direct B. show C. advocate D. declare
41. A. Anyway B. Moreover C. Somehow D. Thus
42. A. mistakenly B. casually C. amazingly D. clumsily
43. A. erupted B. exploded C. emptied D. exposed
44. A. deserved B. attempted C. cared D. agreed
45. A. submitted to B. catered for C. impressed on D. happened to
46. A. fantastic B. extraordinary C. impressive D. catastrophic
47. A. accomplished B. crucial C. specific D. innocent
48. A. deafness B. depression C. blindness D. speechlessness
49. A. decide B. abandon C. control D. accept
50. A. until B. when C. unless D. before
51. A. opposition B. adjustments C. commitment D. limitations
52. A. preventable B. potential C. spreadable D. influential
53. A. scholarships B. rewards C. awards D. bonuses
54. A. fortune B. recipe C. dream D. vision
55. A. distinguishes B. determines C. claims D. limits
【答案】36. A 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. C
49. D 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。因为一次意外，威尔逊失明了。但是，他并没有抱怨命运的不公，
而是努力地学习，接受教育。他通过自己的努力帮助很多人恢复了视力，获得了很多国际大奖。他的例子
告诉我们：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。
【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。
A. depends依靠；B. holds握，持有；C. keeps保持；D. reflects反映。结合空后的介词on可知，仅仅擅长
某件事并有激情是不够的。成功从根本上“取决于”我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。depend
on：取决于。故选A。
【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中所发生事情的看法。
A. dilemmas进退两难的处境；B. accidents意外事故；C. events事，事件；D. steps脚步，步骤。结合文章
最后一句“He proved that it’s not what happens to us that 55 our lives-it’s what we make of what
happens”可知，我们对所发生的事情的看法决定了我们的生活。空处对应 what happens(发生的事)。故选
C。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室
时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. way方法，方式；B. hope希望；C. plan计划；D. measure措
施。John Wilson“无法”预知将会发生的事情。故选A。
【39题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：1931年的一个雨天，当12岁的约翰·威尔逊走进他的化学教室
时，他根本不知道自己的生活将彻底改变。A. continually不断地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. gracefully优雅
地；D. completely完全地。结合下文可知，一场意外导致他失明，这“完全”改变了他的生活。故选D。
【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天的课堂实验是为了展示加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒
泡到表面。A. direct指导，引导；B. show展示；C. advocate提倡，倡导；D. declare宣布。那天的课堂实验
的目的是“展示”加热一个盛水的容器会如何使空气冒泡到表面。故选B。
【41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的
东西。A. Anyway无论如何，不管怎样；B. Moreover而且；C. Somehow不知怎么地；D. Thus因此。不知
怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的东西。故选C。
【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，老师给威尔逊加热的容器误装了比水更容易挥发的
东西。A. mistakenly 错误地；B. casually 随意地；C. amazingly 令人惊奇地；D. clumsily 笨拙地。老师
“误”在容器里装了更容易挥发的东西而没有装水，结果导致了爆炸的发生。故选A。
【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当威尔逊把它加热时，容器爆炸了，导致威尔逊失明。A. erupted
爆发，喷出；B. exploded爆炸；C. emptied腾空，掏空；D. exposed揭露，使暴露。因为容器内装的不是
水，而是更容易挥发的物质，所以，当威尔逊把它加热时，容器“爆炸”了，导致Wilson失明。故选B。
【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来
应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. deserved值得，应得，应受；B. attempted试图，尝试；C. cared关心，
在乎； D. agreed同意。孩子失明了，身为父母，他们当然要“试图”找到一种方法来应对发生在他们生
活中的灾难。故选B。
【45题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：两个月后，当威尔逊出院回家时，他的父母试图找到一种方法来
应对发生在他们生活中的灾难。A. submitted to 提交，服从……；B. catered for 迎合；C. impressed on
给……留下印象；D. happened to发生。这场事故“发生”在了威尔逊一家人的生活中。故选D。
【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但威尔逊并不认为这次事故是灾难性的。A. fantastic极好的；
B. extraordinary不同寻常的；C. impressive给人深刻印象的；D. catastrophic灾难性的，毁灭性的。根据上
文his parents 44 to find a way to deal with the catastrophe that had 45 their lives.以及结合生活常
识，失明对于任何一个人来说都是一场灾难。根据but转折可知，威尔逊并没有将这场事故看作是“灾难
性的”。故选D。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他不仅是一名出色的学生，而且成为了一名出色的演
说家。A. accomplished才华高的，有成就的；B. crucial至关重要的，关键性的；C. specific特定的，具体
的；D. innocent无辜的，天真的。前一句提到威尔逊很快学会了盲文，并在伍斯特盲人学院继续接受教
育。结合该句中的not only…but also…可以推知，他不仅是个好学生，而且是个非常好的公共演说家。选
项中只有A选项表达此意。故选A。
【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他在非洲工作，那里的许多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而失
明。A. deafness聋，听力不佳；B. depression沮丧；C. blindness瞎；D. speechlessness哑口无言。结合后文
中的“And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the 51 Wilson made to preventing the 52
”可知，很多人因为威尔逊的努力而复明。由此推知，在非洲，有很多人因为缺乏适当的治疗而“失
明”。故选C。
【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此容
易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. decide决定；B. abandon抛弃；C. control控
制；D. accept 接受。根据上文中的“But Wilson did not regard the accident as 46 . He learned
braille(盲文)quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind. There, he not only did well as
a student but also became a(n) 47 public speaker”可知，威尔逊失明之后，他没有抱怨命运的不公，反而努
力进取，由此推知，他“接受”了自己失明的事实。故选D。
【50题详解】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，接受自己失明的命运是一回事，而在事情可以如此
容易地解决的情况下，让事情继续下去则完全是另一回事。A. until直到；B. when在……情况下，当……
时候；C. unless如果不；D. before在……之前。在很容易解决那么多人失明的情况下，让他们继续失明下
去完全是另一回事。when表示“在……情况下”。故选B。
【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千万
人都可以恢复视力了。A. opposition反对；B. adjustments调整，调节；C. commitment奉献，投入；D.
limitations限制。根据前文中的“This moved him to action”可知，威尔逊行动起来，努力地去预防那些可以
预防的情况。因为他的“奉献”，很多人恢复了视力。该空和53空后的great contributions呼应。故选C。
【52题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为威尔逊努力地去预防可预防的情况，在非洲和亚洲，数千
万人都能够恢复视力了。A. preventable 可预防的，可阻止的；B. potential 潜在的，有潜力的；C.
spreadable(黄油等)容易被涂开的；D. influential有影响力的。结合空前的prevent可知，威尔逊努力地去预
防“可以预防的”情况。故选A。
【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊因其巨大的贡献获得了几个国际奖项。A. scholarships奖
学金；B. rewards奖励，回报；C. awards奖，奖品；D. bonuses红利，津贴。因为他的巨大贡献，威尔逊获得了几个国际“大奖”。故选C。
【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他失明了，但找到了"眼力“”。A. fortune运气，财富；B.
recipe食谱，秘诀；C. dream梦，梦想；D. vision视野。根据前文叙述可知，虽然威尔逊失明了，但是他却
通过努力，帮助了很多人，为世界做出了巨大贡献。由此推知，他虽然看不见，但是他的“眼界”开阔，
做到了很多人都做不到的事情。故选D。
【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他证明了并不是发生在我们身上的事情决定了我们的生活，而是
我们如何看待发生的事情。A. distinguishes区分，辨别；B. determines决定；C. claims宣称；D. limits限
制。结合第一段中的“Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37 in our lives”
可知，成功从根本上取决于我们对自己和对生活中发生的事情的看法。即：并不是发生的事情“决定”我
们的生活，而是我们对发生的事情的看法“决定”了我们的生活。故选B。
3.（2020全国I卷）
Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just
a window. The 41 is obvious. If we 42 it is a door, they’ll want to go outside 43 . It will drive us crazy.
The kids apparently know the 44 .But our insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of
requests to open the door.
I hate lying to the kids. One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about
windows is a 48 . I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 . I have a very strong 51
that the lie we’re telling is doing 52 damage to our children. Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical（比
喻） meanings. I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door. What if later in 54 they
come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity of some sort, and 55 opening the door and taking the
opportunity, they just 56 it and wonder, “What if it isn’t a door?” That is, “What if it isn’t a 57
opportunity?”
Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear. But the 58 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids. I should just 59
repeatedly having to say, “No. We can’t go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life, be they real
or metaphorical, they won’t 60 to open them and walk through.
41. A. relief B. target C. reason D. case
42. A. admit B. believe C mean D. realize
43. A. gradually B. constantly C. temporarily D. casually
44. A. result B. danger C. method D. truth
45. A. merely B. slightly C. hardly D. partly46. A. reviewing B. approving C. receiving D. attempting
47. A. win out B. give up C. wake up D. stand out
48. A. dream B. lie C. fantasy D. fact
49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers
50. A. restrictions B. explanations C. differences D. consequences
51. A. demand B. fear C. desire D. doubt
52. A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
53. A traditional B. important C. double D. original
54. A. life B. time C. reply D. history
55. A. by comparison with B. in addition to C. regardless of D. instead of
56. A. get hold of B. stare at C. knock on D. make use of
57. A real B. typical C. similar D. limited
58. A. safety rule B. comfort zone C. bottom line D. top secret
59. A. delay B. regret C. enjoy D. accept
60. A. hurry B. decide C. hesitate D. intend
【答案】41-45 CABDA 46-50 DCBAD 51-55 BCBAD 56-60 BACDC
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者以现实中的门，引申出生活中的“门”，从而探讨了一种教育理
念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相，这样，孩子们才可以在生活的道路上，不再被各种“进退
两难”所困扰，从而抓住机遇，勇往直前。
41. C。句意：原因是明显的。relief安慰；target目标；reason原因；case情况。根据下文If we 42 it is a
door, they'll want to go outside_43.可知这里作者在解释把门说成窗户的原因。所以这里意思是“原因是明显
的”
43. A。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。admit 承认； believe相信；mean意味
着； realize意识到。下文they'll want to go outside_43.说他们就会经常想出去，那必然是作者承认了它是一
扇门。
43. B。句意：如果我们承认它是一扇门，他们就会不断地想出去。gradually逐步地； constantly不断地；
temporarily 临时地；casually 随便地。根据下文 I should just_59 repeatedly having to say, "No. We can't go
outside now. "可推测出，孩子们会不断地想出去。
44. D。句意：孩子们显然知道这个真相。result结果danger危险method方法truth真相。下文But our
insisting it’s 45 a window has kept them from 46 millions of requests to open the door.说阻止了他们无数次要求
打开这扇门的尝试，和下文的I hate lying to the kids.可知孩子们是知道真相的。45. A。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只不过是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。merely
只不过；slightly轻微地； hardly几乎不； partly部分地。我在搪塞孩子们，所以轻描淡写地说，它不过
是一扇窗户而已。
46. D。句意：但是，我们坚持说它只是一扇窗户，阻止了他们无数次要求打开这扇门的尝试。reviewing回
顾；approving赞成；receiving收到； attempting尝试。根据millions of requests to open the door可知孩子们
是想尝试打开门。
47. C。 句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是
一个谎言。win out 最后获得成功；give up 放弃；wake up 开始了解真相；stand out 站出来。根据 and
discover that everything they've always known about windows is a 48 .可知有一天，孩子们会开始了解真
相。
48. B。句意：有一天，他们会开始了解真相，并且发现，一直以来，他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一
个谎言。 dream梦想； lie谎言； fantasy幻想； fact事实。根据I hate lying to the kids.以及结合前文作者
把门说成窗户，可知这里意思是他们所知道的关于窗户的一切，是一个谎言。
49. A。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。parents父母twins双胞胎colleagues同事
teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。
50. D。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。 restrictions限制； explanations解释；
differences差异； consequences结果。根据they'll want to go outside 43.可知一旦我说出真相，孩子们就总
想着打开门出去，这是一种说出真相的“后果”。
51. B。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。 demand要
求； fear 害怕； desire 欲望； doubt 怀疑。根据 that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our
children.和Maybe it's an unreasonable fear.可知这是让我强烈害怕的事情。
52. C。句意：我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵上的伤害。 physical身体
的；B biological生物的； spiritual心灵的； behavioral行为的。下文说家长们的撒谎行为会让孩子们面对
机会时，犹豫不前。由此可知，这是对孩子们心灵上造成了伤害。
53. B。 句意：窗户和门有重要的比喻意义。traditional 传统的；important重要的； double双重的；
original原来的。下文说假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开
门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。由此可知，窗户和门的比喻
意义是非常重要的。
54. A。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住
机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。根据 Then when they come to otherdoors in life可知这里意思是在生活中遇到比喻的门。
55. D。句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓住
机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。by comparison with与…相比； in
addition to除…之外； regardless of不管； instead of而不是。对孩子们撒谎，今后，孩子们面对生活中的
“门”时，会观望，而不是打开“门”。
56. B。 句意：假如他们将来在生活中遇到比喻的门，将会怎么样，就像某种机会，他们不是打开门，抓
住机会，而是凝视着它，想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。get hold of抓住；stare at凝视；
knock on敲击（门、窗）； make use of利用。孩子们遇到机会，不是马上抓住它，而是在考虑很多问题。
由此可知，孩子们在凝视着“机会”。
57. A。句意：也就是说，假如它不是一个真的机会，将会怎么样？real真的；typical典型的；similar相似
的；limited有限的。孩子们面对机会，犹豫不前，是在质疑机会的真实性。
58. C。句意：但是，底线是我不应该对我的孩子们撒谎。safety rule安全守则； comfort zone舒适带;
bottom line底线；top secret绝密的。根据I shouldn't lie to my kids.可知这是我的底线。
59. D。句意：我应该只是接受重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。” delay推迟； regret后悔；enjoy
享受；accept接受。当我告知孩子们真相时，我也不得不重复的说：“不，我们现在不能去外面。”这是
一个现实，我只能接受。
60. C。句意：然后，当他们遇到生活中的其他门时，或真实或比喻，他们将毫不犹豫的打开它们，然后走
过去。hurry匆忙；decide决定；hesitate犹豫；intend打算。根据and walk through.可知当告知孩子们真相
时，孩子们将不再犹豫，大踏步向前走。
4.（2020天津卷）
Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant___16___-
-loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes, but it can be___17___in a
clever way. The___18___? Chat benches.
Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her___19___. The lady
would get a call from a stranger every morning who ___20___made her believe that he was her friend, and then
she lent him about “f 31,000 . Jones was___21___ when she said that she didn’t actually___22___ being cheated.
“Otherwise, 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.
This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely ___23___ people in his community, who
are easy targets of cheating. So he___24___ to do something about it. He_____25_____ the police department to
allow him to _____26_____ a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful signon each of the benches that_____27_____:”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up, he found
people sitting there and engaging in active and_____28_____ conversations.
The idea is catching on_____29_____There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat
benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n)_____30_____ outcome
from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully _____31_____-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches
help_____32_____ the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.
This effort is not just a(n) _____33_____ at being community minded- -it’s also a _____34_____ measure. It
prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.
The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that_____35_____ those of all ages to interact and get to know each
other in the future.
16. A. choice B. discovery C. visit D. promise
17. A. experienced B. suffered C. prevented D. felt
18. A. solution B. puzzle C. excuse D. intention
19. A. pleasure B. prize C. credit D. money
20. A. eventually B. frequently C. previously D. occasionally
21. A. ashamed B. shocked C. excited D. amused
22. A. mind B. forgive C. risk D. enjoy
23. A. active B. lonely C. cautious D. stubborn
24. A. learned B. refused C. pretended D. decided
25. A. forced B. ordered C. convinced D. taught
26. A. put away B. make out C. tear apart D. set up
27. A. read B. claimed C. meant D. implied
28. A. formal B. joyful C. awkward D. crazy
29. A. randomly B. slowly C. quickly D. purposefully
30. A. positive B. disappointing C. correct D. embarrassing
31. A. realized B. examined C. discussed D. formed
32. A. break down B. put up C. keep off D. take out
33. A. glance B. attempt C. knock D. attack
34. A. heart-breaking B. risk-taking C. face-saving D. crime-cutting
35. A. forbids B. appoints C. encourages D. troubles
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B29. C 30. A 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他
最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方
法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置”聊天长椅”，帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。”聊天长椅”
是一个很棒的新项目，它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。
【16题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致
抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择；B. discovery发现；C. visit参观；D.
promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes 说孤
独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这是一项重大
的发现。故选B。
【17题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题，它会导致
抑郁甚至犯罪，但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历；B. suffered遭受；C. prevented
阻止；D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题，有阻止的方法。故选C。
【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案？长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案；B. puzzle谜；C.
excuse借口；D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问”解决方案是什么”。故选
A。
【19题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A.
pleasure快乐；B. prize奖品；C. credit信用； D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about £31,000可
知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D。
【20题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话，他最终让她相信
他是她的朋友，然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A. eventually 最后；B. frequently频繁地；C. previously
先前；D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑，由此可知，他最终让她
相信他是她的朋友。故选A。
【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A.
ashamed羞愧的；B. shocked震惊的；C. excited兴奋的；D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑，一个人被骗
了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B。
【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时，琼斯很震惊。A. mind
介意；B. forgive原谅；C. risk冒险；D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise, 1would never
speak to another person for weeks on end,” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A。
【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论，在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人，他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的；B. lonely孤独的；C. cautious小心的； D. stubborn顽固的。上
文老妇人说:“否则，我几个星期都不会跟别人说话”，结合下文，琼斯创建了“聊天长椅”可知在他的社
区中，有太多极度孤独的人。故选B。
【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned 学习；B. refused 拒绝；C.
pretended假装；D. decided决定。下文He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches”
in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动，由此可知，琼斯决定做点什么。故选D。
【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个”聊天长
椅”。A. forced强迫；B. ordered命令；C. convinced说服；D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里设
立了几个“聊天长椅”，由此可知，他是说服了警察局。故选C。
【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个“聊天长
椅”。A. put away放好；B. make out辨认出；C. tear apart把……弄乱；D. set up设立。根据a couple of
“chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个“聊天长椅”。故选D。
【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后，他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子，上面写着:“聊天愉
快。” A. read写着；B. claimed宣称；C. meant意味；D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可知这
是牌子上写的内容。表示”牌子上写着……”应用动词read，故选A。
【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后，他发现人们坐在那里，进行着积极愉快
的交谈。A. formal正式的；B. joyful愉快的； C. awkward尴尬的；D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法已
经完全实现了，结合琼斯创建“聊天长椅”的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容“快乐聊天”，可知人们坐在那
里，进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B。
【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地；B. slowly缓慢
地；C. quickly 很快地；D. purposefully 有目的地。根据 There are now over 40 chat benches throughout
England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C。
【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极
的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. correct正确的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been
fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可
知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了，”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此，推断
出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A。
【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现；B. examined检查；
C. discussed讨论；D. formed形成。下文说”聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。
由此可知，琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A.
break down打破； B. put up提供；C. keep off不接近；D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与中
获得了积极的结果。由此可知，“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A。
【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A.
glance一瞥； B. attempt尝试；C. knock敲打；D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的“聊天长椅”是一个新颖且有趣
的尝试。故选B。
【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。
A. heart-breaking令人心碎的；B. risk-taking冒险的；C face-saving顾全面子的；D. crime-cutting减少犯罪
的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及那位被
骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历，可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试，也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D。
【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅”是一个很棒的新项目，鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相
互交流和了解。A. forbids禁止；B. appoints任命；C. encourages鼓励；D. troubles麻烦。根据The Chat
Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文“聊天长椅”所产生的积极效果，可知“聊天长椅”，鼓励所有年
龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C。
5.（2019全国I卷）
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41
with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing,
changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural
experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of
rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48
but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual
places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems(生
态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, 54 lands
of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 —low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered
with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 :
gravel (砾石), stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that
may soon disappear.Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of
peace? I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
【答案】
41．D 42．C 43．C 44．B 45．A 46．C 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．B
51．D 52．A 53．B 54．D 55．A 56．C 57．B 58．D 59．A 60．B
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山，他们带来了垃圾，破
坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失，改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑，想一探究竟。当
他来到这里，他发现当地环保措施很到位，同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马
扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。
41．考查动词辨析。A. keep保持；B. mix混合；C. connect联系；D. bring带来。句意：他们带来了很多
的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知，登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。42．考查名词辨析。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。句意：人群
可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40,000”可知，这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。
43．考查名词辨析。A. position位置；B. age年龄；C. face外貌，表面；D. name名字。句意：冰川正在
消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故
C选项切题。
44．考查形容词辨析。A. silent沉默的；B. skepetical怀疑的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。句
意：听到这些故事，我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。由下文可
知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。
45．考查动词辨析。A. discover发现；B. argue争论；C. decide决定；D. advocate提倡。句意：然而，我
很快发现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由
“much has changed”可知，作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。
46．考查名词辨析。A. equipment装备；B. grass草；C. camps营地；D. stone石头。句意：我很快发
现，自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来，情况发生了很大的变化。由下文
“at camps”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
47．考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的；B. quiet安静的；C. tall高的；D. clean干净的。句意：我发现
了一座干净的山，营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知，营地里
和路边都有厕所，所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。
48．考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. special特殊的；C. significant重大的；D. necessary必要的。句
意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知，很多
的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失，这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。
49．考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off 还清，报偿；B. spreading out伸展；C. blowing up爆炸；D.
fading away逐渐消退。句意：环境挑战是巨大的，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回
报。由“but”可知，前后表示转折关系，说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故
A选项切题。
50．考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere氛围；B. experience经历；C. experiment实验；D. sight视力。句意：
在我看来，来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。
51．考查动词辨析。A. studied学习；B. observed观察；C. explored探索；D. regarded认为。句意：山被
许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space”可知，山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as被视
为……。故D选项切题。
52．考查名词辨析。A. view景色；B. quality质量；C. reason原因；D. purpose目的。句意：在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统，所以景色也
是明显的不同。故A选项切题。
53．考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家；B. climbers登山者；C. locals当地人；D. officials官员。句意：
在乞力马扎罗，当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时，景色尤为明显。故 A选项切题。来到乞
力马扎罗都是为了登山，也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。
54．考查动词短语辨析。A. holding on to抓住；B. going back to回到（原来的话题）；C. living up to
达到，履行；D. giving way to向……让步。句意：热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，让位于大片
的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头，所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植
物。故D选项切题。
55．考查动词辨析。A. changes改变；B. clears放晴；C. improves提高；D. permits允许。句意：再往上
走，天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知，海拔变了，天气也是不同
的，是变化的。故A选项切题。
56．考查动词辨析。A. match匹配；B. imagine想象；C. count数；D. add增加。句意：我从站的地方数
出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知，作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。
57．考查名词辨析。A. village村庄；B. desert沙漠，荒地；C. road马路；D. lake湖。句意：海拔4000
米以上是高山荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。由“grave, stones and rocks”可知，海拔4000米以上是高山荒
漠。故B选项切题。
58．考查副词辨析。A. Obviously明显地；B. Easily容易地；C. Consequently结果；D. Finally最后地。
句意：海拔4000米以上是高地荒漠：砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地
区。故D选项切题。
59．考查形容词辨析。A. permanent永久的；B. little小的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. artificial人造的。句意：
很明显，你爬进了一个类似北极的地带，那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic-like
zone”可知，这是一个类似北极的地带，所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。
60．考查动词辨析。A. enjoy享受；B. deserve值得；C. save挽救；D. acquire获得。句意：乞力马扎罗
山是一座拥挤的山，挤满了成群的游客，破坏了宁静的气氛，它值得这样的名声吗？这里作者在质疑乞力
马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰，以此在对后面的回答做好铺
垫。故B选项切题。
