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专题 23 完形填空之记叙文
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
命题解读
1. 题材相对稳定：文章的选材都是中学生熟悉的话题，能够传递正能量，弘扬社会主义核心价值观，读后
能给考生带来心灵的启迪。且文章大多原汁原味，语言地道，注重思想性和教育性，具有积极的教育意义，
体现出了课程标准中对培养学生的情感、态度和价值观的要求。
2. 文章短小精悍：完形填空的文章长度一般为250词左右，结构完整，脉络清晰，难度适中，全文设置20个
空格，要求考生根据文章的整体内容，从层次结构和上下文的逻辑关系方面选择符合文章情节的选项， 很少
涉及纯语法知识试题。
3. 稳定中有变化：近几年高考完形填空在选项的设置上，打破了传统的四个选项类别一致的命题规律。全国
卷对完形填空的考查，近几年来一直以记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，以说明文和议论文为辅。从选材到试题的设
置都呈现出＂稳中有变＂的特点。
考点特征
1.题材以记叙文为主, 记叙文有时会夹叙夹议，偶尔考说明文或议论文；
2.首句不设空，上下文语境理解第一位，词汇运用和语法知识第二位；
3.考点涉及句内层次、句间层次和语篇层次，以句内和句间层次为主，侧重考察上下文理解和词语的辨析。
4.以实词为主，其中名词、动词是考察重点，其次是形容词和副词。
解题步骤1. 读透首句，掌握主旨
重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物
的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句
首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。
2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心
速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、
地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。
3. 身临其境，故事重构
采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，
推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符
合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。
4. 关注末段，注意感想
最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动
词或名词等。
5. 浏览全文，复查核定
根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是：
（1）语意是否前后一致；
（2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整；
（3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构；
（4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。
（5）小心常用词汇熟词生义
答题技巧答题技巧 一 运用逻辑关系解题
每篇文章都有其发展脉络，完形填空的文章也不例外，其各段、各句间都有逻辑上的必然联系，通过把
握文章的逻辑关系，不仅可以准确掌握段与段、句子与句子间的关系，正确解答逻辑衔接类题目，而且可以迅
速确定文章的中心和基本结构，从而准确理解上下文语义，提高整体答题速度和质量。
具体来说，完形填空中涉及的逻辑关系主要有以下几种：
转折关系：but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless,anyway等
因果关系：so, therefore, thus, because, for, since, as等
让步关系：though, although, while, as, despite, in spite of等顺序关系：before, after, first, second, in addition, then, next, finally等
条件关系：if, unless, once, provided that等
解释关系：that is to say, in other words等
并列关系：and, while等
真题典例 1
放下
1. (2022年全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___1___ was nearly enough to keep my
loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___2___. When I first dated Steve, I __3 learned___ he
had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora.
1. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
2. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
【答案】1. C 2. A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership
会员；C. companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。根据“keep my loneliness at bay”可知，此处是指它们的陪伴。
故选C。
【详解】转折关系 由空格前可知开始约会，但根据根据后文“three dogs were perhaps too many”(三条狗可能太
多了)可知，此处是指“我”一开始有所顾忌和保留。与开始约会形成一种转折关系。故选A。
2. (2022年全国甲卷)
...... I began to fall for him.
We ____11_____ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an
operation on her ___12 leg____. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly
11. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended
【答案】 A
【详解】让步关系 根据“though neither of us brought up the future”可知，此处是指“我”们继续约会。故选
A。
3. (2020全国Ⅲ卷)
As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection,
customers can also drive you mad… I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them tokeep ___47___.
A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
解析：转折关系。由空前的“how upset the shop staff”和表转折的连词but可知，此处应指作者知道店员
们遇到这种情况会有多沮丧, 但是作者努力说服店员们保持“微笑(smiling)”。
4. (2017全国Ⅱ卷)
In 1973, I was teaching elementary school. Each day, 27 kids entered “The Thinking Laboratory”.
That was the name students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too ___43___.
A. small B. dark C. strange D. dull
【答案】D
【详解】因果关系 学生认为“Room 104”教室太dull (无聊，没有乐趣)，所以把教室的名字叫做“思想实
验室”。前后为因果关系，故选D项。
5. (2017全国Ⅲ卷)
…and received thousands of e-mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the right
passports. “More ___51___, there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in writing their name to
Elizabeth Gallagher,” Axani said…
A. interesting B. annoying C. satisfying D. convincing
【答案】A
【详解】递进关系。空格后的内容提到, 很多加拿大人为了拿到机票, 竟然想把名字改为 Elizabeth
Gallagher，Axani觉得这更“有意思(interesting)”。与上文的内容构成递进关系。故选A项。
6. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷)
And, even if I weren't ____43___ enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing
enough to me.
A. excited B. worried C. moved D. tired
【答案】A
【详解】让步关系。根据was appealing可知，即便“我”对免费学分没那么“兴奋 (excited)”，但关于指
导老师的消息也足够吸引“我”。 前后为让步关系，故选A项。worried担心的，焦虑的；moved感动的；
tired疲惫的，累的。
答题技巧 二 运用上下文解题
真题典例
放下1. (2022年浙江卷6月)
Small children are easy to throw up in the air and catch-and they ____16____ it. “Again, Daddy, again!” Jacky
shouts as I throw him skywards and catch him on the way back down again.
16．A．deserve B．miss C．love D．know
【答案】C
【解析】根据下文“Again, Daddy, again!”可知，孩子很喜欢被抛到空中并被抓住。故选C项。
2. (2020全国Ⅱ卷)
Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32…“That's the garden in our
picture,” Nicolo's son told his father. They eventually learned that the painting they 56 was called “The Girl with
Two Chairs.”
56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
【答案】A
【解析】 由上文的“Nicolo finally won the paintings for ＄32”可知，这幅画是尼科洛竞拍获得的，故此处指他
们“拥有(owned)”的这幅画。故选A项。
3.(2020全国Ⅰ卷)
Windows and doors have 53 metaphorical (比喻) meanings. I'm telling them they can't open what they
absolutely know is a door. What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity (机会)
of some sort…
A.traditional B. important C. double D. original
【答案】B
【解析】 由下文的“like an opportunity (机会) of some sort” 可知, 此处表示门和窗都有重要的比喻意义,
即指生活中的机遇。故选B项。
答题技巧 三 运用主旨句解题
真题典例
放下
My previous home had a stand of woods behind it and many animals in the backyard.
That first year, I 11 feeding peanuts to the blue jays, then the squirrels. The squirrels had no 12 coming
up right to me for them . As the months went by , the rabbits saw that I was no 13 and didn't escape.【解析】根据首句，确定出本文讲述的主题：“我”以前家的后面有一片树林，在后院有很多动物；国绕这一
主题展开故事。
11.A.avoided B. started C. canceled D. suggested
【解析】第一年，“我”开始给冠蓝码喂花生吃，然后又喂松鼠。start doing sth.“开始做某事”
12.A.business B. fun C. problem D. privilege
【解析】松鼠毫无困难（problem),直接上来享用花生。
13.A.help B. cheat C. threat D. exception
【解析】几个月过去了，兔子见“我”没有威胁，不逃走了。threat"威胁”，符合语境。
【答案】11.B 12.C 13.C
答题技巧 四 运用生活常识解题
有些题可以根据自己的生活常识和习惯去思考的，即时对上下文意不是很明白，也会较容易地选出正确答案。
After ______ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-
mile journey back.
A. growing B.putting C. planting D. laying
【答案】C
【解析】根据生活常识，极地地区冰雪覆盖，须费很大的劲将旗子插进地里，plant在此意为“安插，插牢”。
故选C。
答题技巧 五 运用文化背景知识解题
完形填空题涉及各类各科知识，从文化、科学常识到历史、地理知识，从风土民情到民族习惯等，无所不包。
做题时应根据已有的文化背景知识，巧妙加以运用，特别要注意中西方文化间的差异。
真题典例
放下
1. (2020 全国Ⅰ卷) I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. I have a
very strong fear that the lie we're telling is doing ___52____ damage to our children.
A. physical B. biological C. spiritual D. behavioral
【答案】A
【解析】结合常识可知，父母撒谎会给孩子带来 “精神上的(spiritual)”伤害。physical 意为“身体的”;
biological意为“生物的”; behavioral意为“行为的”。
2. (2019 全国Ⅰ卷) The crowds might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers (冰川)
are disappearing, changing the __43____ of Kilimanjaro.
A. position B. age C. face D. name【答案】C
【解析】由前文的“The glaciers (冰川) are disappearing”可知，冰川正在消失；结合常识可知，冰川是乞力
马扎罗山地貌之一，所以冰山融化会改变乞力马扎罗山的地貌(face)，故选C项。
答题技巧 六 运用固定搭配或习惯用法解题
Dario’s mother smiled at Mrs. Gilbert. “I think maybe we _______ you an apology，” she said.
A. give B. send C．offer D．owe
【答案】D
【解析】本题属于句内层次题，可以利用固定结构解题。owe sb. an apology为固定搭配，意为“应向某人
道歉”。
答题技巧 七 运用排除法解题
在有些情况下,如果不能很有把握地直接地得出某一道题的答案,可以把排除法与词汇、语法分析、上下文语
境、固定搭配等方面结合起来运用，缩小选择的范围,提高正确率。
典例剖析
放下
1. The woman looked carefully at me________ through her glasses, and then questioned me in a low voice.
A. as usual B. fora while C.in a minute D once again
【答案】B
【解析】此题的解题关键是carefully，既然是认真地，就不会“in a minute”立刻，马上;既然互不相识，就不
会是“as usual”像往常一样;前面没有说已打量过一次，故排除“once again”，所以应该选B项。
2. He put the books into the return box. And after a brief_ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to
meet Eric.
A. rest B. break C.walk D.stop
【答案】D
【解析】将各项带入原文可知，在厕所里人们不可能休息，排除A、B两项；更不可能在厕所里散步，又排除
掉C项，故选D项，stop在此是名词，表“停留”之意。
真题练一练1. 1.(2022年全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___1___ was nearly enough to keep my
loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___2___. When I first dated Steve, I ___3___ he had a
dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___4___ that he was an animal lover, I ___5___ that three dogs were
perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___6___, the cat.
The next week we ___7___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___8___, Steve got
down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so ___9___? He poured water from a bottle into his
hand and offered it to my dogs. ______10______, I began to fall for him.
We ______11______ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an
operation on her ______12______. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly ______13______
climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve ______14______ his house. All worked ______15______.
The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ______16______ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team
______17______ for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my ______18______, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did
not kneel (跪) down, nor did I ______19______ him to. That’s only for giving ______20______ to the dogs that
brought us together.
1. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
2. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice
3. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned
4. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
5. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
6. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
7. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed
8. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination
9. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real
10. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment
11. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended
12. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg
13. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly
14. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched15. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free
16. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered
17. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling
18. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage
19. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid
20. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C
16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多，作者多
年和两只爱犬生活在一起，去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会，但有所保留，因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自
己的爱犬喝，作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生爱意，在之后的接触中，史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬，一年后史蒂
夫向作者求婚。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C.
companionship陪伴；D. leadership领导。根据“keep my loneliness at bay”可知，此处是指它们的陪伴。故选
C。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年，我开始约会，但有所保留。A. reservations保留；B. expectations期望；C.
confidence信心；D. prejudice偏见。根据后文“three dogs were perhaps too many”(三条狗可能太多了)可知，此
处是指“我”一开始有所顾忌和保留。故选A。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时，我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的
猫。A. feared恐惧；B. doubted怀疑；C. hoped希望；D. learned了解到。根据“he had a dog, Molly, and a cat,
Flora”可知，此处是指了解到这一情况。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会
攻击猫Flora。A. unsatisfied不满意的；B. amused愉快的；C. terrified害怕的；D. thrilled非常开心的。根据前
文“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.”(多年来，我喜欢和我的狗——蒂莉和吉斯
——一起生活。)可知，“我”很高兴他是一个动物爱好者。故选D。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。A. predicted预测；B. worried担心；C. regretted后悔；D. insisted坚持。根据“three dogs were
perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack”可知，此处是指“我”很担心。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻
击猫Flora。A. Flora弗洛拉；B. Chance查恩斯；C. Molly莫莉；D. Tilly蒂莉。根据前文“he had a dog, Molly,
and a cat, Flora”可知，此处是指担心“我”的狗攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二周，我们一起遛狗。A. tied系；B. walked牵着（动物）走；C. bathed沐浴；
D. fed喂养。根据后文“When we paused”可知，此处是指一起遛狗。故选B。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们停下来休息时，史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸；B. balance平衡；C.
attention注意力；D. imagination想象。根据“Steve got down on one knee”可知，此处是指停下来休息。 故选
A。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也喜欢他，但这么快？A. calm冷静的；B. sure确定的；C. soon很快的；D
real真正的。根据前文“Was he proposing (求婚)?”(他是在求婚吗？)可知，此处是指约会的第二周就求婚太快
了。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：就在那一刻，我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句；B. In that case那样的话；
C. By all means务必；D. In that moment那一刻。根据前文“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and
offered it to my dogs.”(他从瓶子里把水倒在手里，递给我的狗。)可知，此处是指就在那一刻“我”开始爱上他。
故选D。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们继续约会，虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续；B. decided决定；C.
intended打算；D. pretended假装。根据“though neither of us brought up the future”可知，此处是指“我”们继
续约会。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：11月下旬，Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛；B. tail尾巴；C. ear耳朵；D. leg
腿。根据后文“climbing the stairs could reopen the wound”(爬楼梯会让伤口重新裂开)可知，此处是指Tilly的腿
做了一次手术。故选D。
【13题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一天带狗出去四次，我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。A. secretly秘
密地；B. constantly不断地；C. eventually最终；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据前文“I took the dogs out four
times a day”(我每天带狗出去四次)可知，此处是指不断地爬楼梯。故选B。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后史蒂夫建议去他家。A. left离开；B. sold卖；C. suggested建议，推荐；D.
searched搜寻。根据后文“We made good housemates.”(我们成了很好的室友。)可知，此处是指史蒂夫建议去他
家。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都很好。A. late晚的；B. hard困难的；C. fine好的；D. free自由的。根据后
文“We made good housemates.”(我们成了很好的室友。)可知，此处是指一切都很好。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个
照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空；B. respected尊重；C. occupied占据；D. discovered发现。根据后文
“We made good housemates.”(我们成了很好的室友。)可知，此处是指狗狗们会尊重猫咪的空间。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这三条狗组成了一个团队，在训练下，尊重Flora的空间；史蒂夫和我组成了一个
照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看；B. caring照顾；C. waiting等待；D. calling打电话。根据前文“Tilly had an
operation”可知，此处是指史蒂夫和“我”一起照顾Tilly。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一年后，令我非常高兴的是，这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A.
delight高兴；B. credit信用；C. interest兴趣；D. disadvantage缺点。根据“this man produced a little box with a
ring and proposed to me”可知，此处是指“我”很高兴。故选A。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他没有跪下，我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求；B. trust信任；C. need需要；D. aid
帮助。根据nor和“He did not kneel (跪) down”可知，此处是指“我”也不需要他跪下。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具；B. awards奖励；C. food食
物；D. water水。根据“brought us together”和前文“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to
my dogs.”可知，此处是指给爱犬喝水的举动。故选D。
2. (2022年1月浙江卷)When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having problems with her ___21___ ,
notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply ___22___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless
and insecure because the quality of my ___23___ was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___24___ problems and discovered that they were largely
suffering in ___25___. " Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___26___ she said. " But more and
more are suffering and lives are being ___27___.
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___28___ at Tel Aviv University in Israel.
The research team ___29___ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done_____30_____ work on eye care using
stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising _____31_____ for the project with a friend, Toronto
businessman Meyer Zeifman. _____32_____ she has raised $ 110, 000 with another $40, 000 _____33_____ .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to _____34_____ that there are solutions（解决办法）said Ms.
Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after _____35_____ . "I say there is no old
_____36_____ , there's only neglect （忽视）. Don't stand _____37_____ , do something about it. "
Ms. Burdeyney _____38_____ that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring
_____39_____ into people eyes and this is just the _____40_____. There is still a long way to go"
21. A. throat B. skin C. lungs D. eyes
22. A. getting over B. going through C. holding on D. passing down
23. A. story B. treatment C. life D. relationship
24. A. similar B. various C. personal D. special
25. A. turn B. peace C. vain D. silence
26. A. unbearable B. abnormal C. insignificant D. disturbing
27. A. compromised B. forgotten C. substituted D. separated
28. A. course B. program C. paper D. conference
29. A. informed B. doubted C. included D. dismissed
30. A. part-time B. controversial C. voluntary D. ground-breaking
31. A. money B. standards C. awareness D. questions
32. A. As ever B. So far C. In return D. Once again
33. A. wasted B. donated C. expected D. earned
34. A. imagine B. confirm C. remember D. understand
35. A. retirement B. childbirth C. graduation D. marriage36. A. time B. rule C. age D. tale
37. A. straight B. still C. firm D. alone
38. A. commented B. learned C. reminded D. added
39. A. light B. joy C. color D. beauty
40. A. future B. beginning C. truth D. meaning
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D
35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. A 40. B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个遭受眼睛问题之苦的Burdeyney女士积极为研究项目提供帮助以寻求解
决方法的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始有眼睛问题，明显的干涩和不适。A. throat喉咙；B. skin皮肤；C. lungs肺；
D. eyes眼睛。根据第八空前面的句子“Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research”（最终
Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划）可知，她有眼睛问题，故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我只是在经历一段糟糕的体验。A. get over克服；B. go through经历；C. hold
on坚持；D. pass down传递下去。根据语境可知，她遭受眼睛问题，这是一段糟糕的经历，故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到如此无助和不安，因为我的生活质量受到了影响。A. story故事；B.
treatment治疗，对待；C. life生命，生活；D. relationship关系。主人公遭受眼部之苦，生活质量自然会被影响，
故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默地
受苦。A. similar相似的；B. various多种多样的；C. personal私人的；D. special特别的。跟与自己有相同问题
的人交谈并发现问题，符合语境逻辑，故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney女士同跟她有相似问题的朋友交谈并发现他们中的大多数都在默默
地受苦。A. in turn轮流；B. in peace和平地；C. in vain徒劳地；D. in silence默默地。根据后句“Nobody
chooses to talk about it”（没有人想谈论它）可知，他们很多人保持了沉默，故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说没有人选择谈论它因为这看起来没有意义。A. unbearable无法忍受的；B.
abnormal不正常的；C. insignificant无意义的；D. disturbing扰人的。他们闭口不提的原因很可能是因为无意义，其他三个选项不符合一般逻辑，故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是越来越多的人在受苦，生命陷入危险。A. compromise使陷入危险、妥协；B.
forget遗忘；C. substitute替代、代替；D. separate分隔。越来越多的人在遭受眼睛问题带来的痛苦，这属于健
康问题，威胁生命，故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终Burdeyney女士了解了一项眼睛研究计划，这是在以色列特拉维夫大学的一个
项目。A. course课程；B. program项目；C. paper纸、论文；D. conference会议。一项研究通常也被称为一个
项目，故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护理
问题做了开创性的工作。A. inform通知；B. doubt怀疑；C. include包括；D. dismiss解散。根据语境可知，这
位专家在这个团队中，故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个研究团队包括了一位加拿大博士Allan Slomovic，其已经用干细胞就眼睛护
理问题做了开创性的工作。A. part-time兼职的；B. controversial有争议的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. ground-
breaking开创性的。根据后句“Seeing a ray od hope”（看到了一丝希望）可知，他是带来希望的人，是最先做
的，他的工作具有开创性，故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到了一丝希望，Burdeyney女士开始和朋友多伦多商人Meryer一起为这个项目筹
集资金。A. money钱；B. standards标准；C. awareness意识；D. questions问题。根据后文他们筹集了111000
美金可知此处指“筹集资金”，故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. as ever依旧、
和往常一样；B. so far目前；C. in return作为回报；D. once again再一次。根据本句的现在完成时态，应选择
so far，他们已经筹集了111000美金，故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：截至目前，他们已经筹集了111000美金，有望再增加4000美金。A. waste浪费；
B. donate捐赠；C. expect期待、预期；D. earn赢得。根据语境目前已经筹集了一笔钱，预期未来还有部分金
额，故选C项。
【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney说，“我正在努力让越来越多的人明白有解决办法”。A. imagine想象；
B. confirm确认；C. remember记得；D. understand理解。结合前文很多人默默地受苦是因为看不到希望，所以
要让他们理解办法是有的，故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位受过专业培训的护士在退休之后仍然作为私人培训师在工作。A. retirement退
休；B. childbirth出生；C. graduation毕业；D. marriage婚姻。根据still work可知，她本可以不工作了可知，
她已经退休了，故选A项。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为没有老的年纪，只有忽视。A. time时间；B. rule规则；C. age年龄；D. tale
传说。本文主要谈论的是上了年龄的人的眼睛问题，故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要呆着保持不动，做点什么事情。A. straight直的；B. still静止的；C. firm坚
定的；D. alone单独。此处的stand意为“处于某种状态”后跟形容词作表语，呼吁人们采取行动，不要什么
都不做，故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burdeyney补充说她希望为这个项目做得更多。A. comment评论；B. learn学习；C.
remind提醒；D. add补充说。前句为她说的话，后面又继续说，即为补充说，故选D项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. light光明；B. joy乐趣；C.
color颜色；D. beauty美。根据常识，眼睛是人们识别光的器官，此处一语双关，只看到的光，也指希望，故
选A项。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是想给人们的眼睛带来光明，这只是一个开始。A. future未来；B. beginning
开始；C. truth事实；D. meaning意义。根据后句“There is still a long way to go”（根据后句话有很长的路要
走。）可知，只是开始，故选B项。
3.(2021年6月浙江卷)
My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her ___1___ and visit the
doctor, providing ___2___ and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to ___3___
some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was ___4___ about three
dollars. The only ___5___ to pay for the groceries was to take off the ___6___ she could do without: a bottle ofrubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was able to ___7___ the new total to the
amount of cash she had with her.
At this store, people ___8___ and then go off to the side to ___9___ their own groceries. My mother was
putting her groceries into shopping bags when a ____ 1 0____ came up to her and said, “Here are the things that you
____ 1 1____ .” handing her the rubbing alcohol and the ____ 1 2____ . My mother, who is never speechless, was
speechless. She ____ 1 3____ for the woman’s name and address so that she could ____ 1 4____ her. The woman told
her it was her ____ 1 5____ .
My mother was so ____ 1 6____ by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier (收银
员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand ____ 1 7____ the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough
____ 1 8____ for all of their groceries.
So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of ____ 1 9____ that not only helped my mother out, but
____ 2 0____ too.
1. A. exercise B. housework C. cooking D. shopping
2. A. reward B. medicine C. company D. shelter
3. A. return B. collet C. order D. buy
4. A. short B. cautious C. wrong D. concerned
5. A. aim B. way C. advice D. reason
6. A. weight B. things C. mask D. glasses
7. A. raise B. add C. bring D. switch
8. A. show up B. call in C. check out D. sit down
9. A. store B. select C. deliver D. bag
10. A. stranger B. cashier C. friend D. doctor
11. A. looked for B. talked about C. threw away D. put back
12. A. receipt B. soap C. cash D. bottle
13. A. asked B. waited C. cared D. searched
14. A. repay B. trust C. recognize D. help
15. A. luck B. chance C. gift D. turn
16. A. surprised B. amused C. touched D. convinced
17. A. in case B. even if C. as though D. so that
18. A. energy B. money C. space D. time
19. A. faith B. courage C. kindness D. honor20. A. made her day B. changed her mind C. caught her eye D. met her demand
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. B
13. A 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A
【导语】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了作者年迈的母亲在超市购物时，得到陌生人帮助的故事。
【1题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除非我必须出城，否则每周我会带母亲去购物，看医生，提供陪伴和交通工具。A.
exercise锻炼；B. housework家务活；C. cooking烹饪；D. shopping购物。根据上文中的“My mother is 92”和下
一句中的“go to a nearby store”可知，作者母亲年纪大，每周作者带着母亲去“购物”。故选D。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除非我必须出城，否则每周我会带母亲去购物，看医生，提供陪伴和交通工具。A.
reward报酬，酬谢；B. medicine药；C. company陪伴；D. shelter遮蔽，庇护。根据前文“My mother is 92.
Unless I have to be out of town, each weekI take my mother to do her shopping and visit the doctor”可知，作者“陪
同”上了年纪的母亲去购物，看医生。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，在这一周里，母亲喜欢去附近的一个商店买她需要的一些小东西。A. return
返回；B. collect收集；C. order订购；D. buy买。根据上文的“she likes to go to a nearby store”和下文中的
“small things she needs”可知，作者母亲去一家附近的商店去“买”她所需要的一些小东西。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：上周她走进商店，当她去付款的时候，她缺了大约3美元。A. short缺少的；B.
cautious谨慎的；C. wrong错误的；D. concerned关心的。根据下文中的“The only 5 to pay for the groceries
was to take off the 6 she could do without…”可知，作者的母亲想要支付这些东西的唯一方式就是把可以不买的
医用酒精和肥皂放下。由此推知，作者的母亲带的现金不够。故选A。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”就是把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。A. aim目标；
B. way方法，方式；C. advice建议；D. reason原因。结合上题解析可知，作者的母亲带的现金不够，所以把可
以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下是她能够支付这些东西的唯一“方式”。故选B。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：支付这些东西的唯一“方式”就是把可以不买的医用酒精和肥皂放下。A. weight
重量；B. things东西；C. mask口罩；D. glasses眼镜。根据下文中的“a bottle of rubbing alcohol and a bar of
soap”可知，医用酒精和肥皂是作者母亲暂时可以不买的“东西”。故选B。
【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过拿掉这些东西，她最终能够使现在的商品总值达到了她所带的现金金额范围。
A. raise提高；B. add添加；C. bring使……处于某种状况，使……到某地；D. switch转变。根据上文可知，母
亲拿掉了一些东西才能够使得现在的商品总值达到了她所带的现金金额。bring sth. to sth.表示“使……处于某
种状况”，符合语境。该处指“使商品总值达到母亲所带金额范围之内”。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装到袋子里。A. show
up出现，露面；B. call in叫……来，拜访；C. check out结账离开；D. sit down坐下。根据空后的“then go off
to the side”可知，在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去。故选C。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这家商店里，人们先结账，然后到一边去把他们买的东西装到袋子里。A. store
贮藏；B. select挑选；C. deliver递送；D. bag把……装进袋子。根据下一句中的“putting her groceries into
shopping bags”可知，在这间店里，人们结完账之后，然后走到一边，将所购之物装进购物袋。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人走过来，说“这是你
放回去的东西”，并递给她医用酒精和肥皂。A. stranger陌生人；B. cashier收银员；C. friend朋友；D. doctor
医生。根据下文中的“She _13__ for the woman’s name and address”可知，这个女人对作者的母亲而言是个陌生
人，所以作者母亲要她的姓名和地址。故选A。
【11题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人走过来，说“这是你
放回去的东西”，并递给她医用酒精和肥皂。A. look for寻找；B. talk about谈论；C. throw away扔掉；D. put
back放回。根据上一段的“…take off the _6__ she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a
bar of soap. By taking off these…”可知，由于缺大约3美元，作者母亲将医用酒精和肥皂拿出来，放回到货架上。
故选D。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲正在把买的东西放进袋子里，这时候突然一个陌生人走过来，说“这是你
放回去的东西”，并递给她医用酒精和肥皂。A. receipt收据；B. soap肥皂；C. cash现金；D. bottle瓶子。根
据上文中的“…take off the _6__ she could do without：a bottle of rubbing alcohol (医用酒精) and a bar of soap.
By taking off these…”可知，作者母亲放回去的有医用酒精和一块肥皂。现在陌生人帮作者母亲又把这些东西
买了下来。故选B。
【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址以便她可以报答她。A. asked询问；B. waited等待；C.
cared在乎；D. searched搜索。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲想要对方的姓名和住
址以便报答对方的帮助。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她要这个女人的姓名和地址以便她可以报答她。A. repay报答；B. trust信任；C.
recognize认出；D. help帮助。根据上文可知，陌生女人帮助了作者母亲，所以作者母亲询问对方的姓名和住
址，这样就可以报答对方了。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个女人告诉她这是她的礼物。A. luck运气；B. chance机会；C. gift礼物；D. turn
（依次轮到的）机会。根据下一句中的“She was so _16__ by her gesture that …”可知，这个女人的行为感动了
作者母亲，可得出这个女人并没有告诉作者母亲她的姓名地址，并不期望作者母亲的报答。所以这是她给母亲
的“礼物”。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的母亲如此感动以至于她决定回到那家商店给收银员5美元的钞票，以防同样
的事情（即：没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西）发生在其他人身上。A. surprised惊讶的；B. amused被逗乐的；
C. touched受到触动的，感动的；D. convinced相信的。陌生女人的无私帮助感动了母亲。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：她决定回到商店，给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防同样的事情（即：没有足够的
钱支付所购买的东西）发生在其他人身上。A. in case以防，万一；B. even if即使；C. as though好像；D. so
that以便，结果……。如果其他人遇到没有足够的钱支付所购买的东西时，母亲的五美元钞票可以提供一些帮
助。所以母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，就是以防同样情况的发生。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她决定回到商店，给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防同样的事情（即：没有足够的
钱支付所购买的东西）发生在其他人身上。A. energy能量，精力；B. money钱；C. space地方，空间；D. time
时间。根据上文中的“a five-dollar bill”可知，作者母亲给收银员一张5美元的钞票，以防有人没有足够的
“钱”来支付他们所购买的东西。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不管你是谁，都要谢谢你善意的行为，这种行为不仅帮助了我的母亲，而且使她很
开心。A. faith信任，信念；B. courage勇气；C. kindness善良；D. honor荣誉。陌生女人帮助母亲，这是一种
“善意的”行为。故选C。
【20题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：不管你是谁，都要谢谢你善意的行为，这种行为不仅帮助了我的母亲，而且使她很
开心。A. make one’s day使某人开心；B. change one’s mind改变主意；C. catch one’s eye吸引某人的注意力；D.
meet one’s demand满足某人的要求。得到帮助，作者母亲心情愉悦，十分开心。故选A。
4.（2021年6月全国甲卷）
It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont
Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was ___ 2 1___ at the hotel on business and planning to ___ 2 2___ some friends in the area. They had
asked him to ___ 2 3___ some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he ___ 2 4___ a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he
was ___ 2 5___ that it would be too warm, he ___ 2 6___ it out on the table near an open window. He thought his
pepperoni was ___ 2 7___ and well chilled (冷却) and he ___ 2 8___ .
That’s when things went ____ 2 9____ “I remember walking down the long ______ 3 0______ and opening the
door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of _____ 3 1______ to the 4-star
hotel. “The seagulls immediately went ______ 3 2______ . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to
______ 3 3______ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were
falling down, It was a real ______ 3 4______ .”
Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).
“I have ______ 3 5______ and I admit responsibility of my ______ 3 6______ ,” he said in the letter. “I come to
you, ______ 3 7______ , to apologize for the-damage I had ______ 3 8______ caused and to ask you to
______ 3 9______ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
His letter ______ 4 0______ . Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back, the
Fairmont said.
21. A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing
22. A. visit B. help C. follow D. make
23. A. sell B. have C. bring D. taste
24. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost
25. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried
26. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid
27. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready
28. A. left B. nodded C. waited D. regretted
29. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind
30. A. beach B. driveway C. hall D. table31. A. application B. apology C. request D. invitation
32. A. hungry B. dead C. missing D. wild
33. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in
34. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge
35. A. recovered B. retired C. escaped D. matured
36. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions
37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground
38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly
39. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew
40. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B
32. D 33. B 34. A 35. D 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时，给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥在逃
跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单，
Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信，请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决
定。最终，他的信起作用了。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. studying
研究；B. staying停留；C. looking看；D. packing收拾（行李）。根据空后“at the hotel on business and planning
to some friends in the area.”及生活常识可知，Burchill出差住在酒店，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友，自然
是在酒店收拾行李。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Burchill出差，当时正在酒店收拾行李，准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. visit拜访；
B. help帮助；C. follow跟随；D. make制作。根据下文“They had asked him to some pepperoni (辣香肠)
from back east. So he a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，朋友让他带一些东西，由此推知Burchill准备去拜
访当地的一些朋友。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。A. sell卖；B. have有；C. bring带来；
D. taste品尝。根据下文“So he a suitcase full of pepperoni.”可知，Burchill的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大
利香肠过来。故选C。
【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。A. filled装满；B. locked锁上；C. abandoned
抛弃；D. lost丢失。根据空后“a suitcase full of pepperoni”和后文“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all
trying to at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. surprised感到
惊讶的；B. pleased高兴的；C. excited兴奋的；D. worried担心的。根据后文“he it out on the table near
an open window.”可知，他担心意大利香肠会太热，所以把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为担心会太热，他把它放在桌子上，靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. dug挖；B. cleared
清除；C. cut切下；D. laid放。根据空后“it out on the table near an open window”可知，他把它放在桌子上。故
选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. delicious美味的；B.
safe安全的；C. soft柔软的；D. ready准备好。根据后文“and well chilled (冷却) and he ______ .”可知，Burchill
离开了，由此推知，他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的，冷却得很好，就走了。A. left离开；B. nodded
点头；C. waited等待；D. regretted后悔。根据前文“Burchill was ______ at the hotel on business and planning to
______ some friends in the area.”以及空前“He thought his pepperoni was ______ and well chilled (冷却)”可知，
Burchill要去看朋友，所以离开了。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：就是在那时出了问题。A. far远的；B. funny有趣的；C. wrong失常的；D. blind
盲目的。根据后文“The seagulls immediately went . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to
at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a
real .”可知，就是在那时出了问题。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，
打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. beach海滩；B. driveway私人车道；C. hall大厅；D. table桌子。根据空
前“I remember walking down the long”以及空后“and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of
seagulls”可知，Burchill走过长长的大厅。故选C。
【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说：“我记得我走过长长的大厅，
打开房门，发现满满一群海鸥。”A. application申请；B. apology道歉；C. request要求；D. invitation邀请。根
据后文““I have and I admit responsibility of my ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, , to
apologize for the-damage I had caused and to ask you to my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，Burchill给
酒店写了一封道歉信。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海鸥立刻变得疯狂起来。A. hungry饥饿的；B. dead死亡的；C. missing失踪的；
D. wild疯狂的。根据后文“They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to at the same time, and
pepperoni — everywhere.”可知，海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了，变得疯狂起来。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们冲到窗口，30或40只鸟都想同时出去，到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒
来；B. get out出去；C. take off起飞；D. break in闯入。根据前文“They rushed to the window”及生活常识可知，
鸟看到人类很害怕，想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：窗帘在落下，灯也在落下，真是一团糟。A. mess混乱；B. puzzle不解之谜；C.
fight打架；D. challenge挑战。根据前文“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，现
场一片混乱。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我很理智，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. recovered恢复；B.
retired退休；C. escaped逃跑；D. matured变理智。根据后文“and I admit responsibility of my ,”可知，
Burchill已经认识到了自己的错误，所以认为自己很理智。故选D。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我很理智，我承认对自己的行为负责，”他在信中说。A. suffering苦难；B.
plans计划；C. madness疯狂；D. actions行为。根据后文“I come to you, , to apologize for the-damage I
had caused and to ask you to my lifetime ban from the hotel.”可知，Burchill承认对自己的行为负责。故
选D。
【37题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止
入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pocket手放在口袋里；B. nose in the air目中无人；C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地；D.
feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据后文“to apologize for the-damage I had caused and to ask you to mylifetime ban from the hotel.”及生活常识可知，向别人道歉，应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C。
【38题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止
入住酒店的决定。A. indirectly间接；B. deliberately故意地；C. cautiously谨慎地；D. secretly秘密地。根据前
文“The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down”可知，作者携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥，海鸥
在逃跑的过程中，造成了一些东西的损坏，Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我来找你，恭恭敬敬地，为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止
入住酒店的决定。A. replace取代；B. remember记得；C. reconsider重新考虑；D. renew更新。根据空后“my
lifetime ban from the hotel.”和后文“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the
Fairmont said.”可知，Burchill请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的信起作用了。A. arrived到达；B. worked起作用；C. ended结束；D.
disappeared消失。根据后文“Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the
Fairmont said.”可知，他的信起作用了。故选B。
5.(2021年3天津)
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got ____ 4 1____ when
he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his ____ 4 2____ took a turn. After
letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy ____ 4 3____ .
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was ____ 4 4____ his stolen bike. But when he went bike
shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking: What if the ____ 4 5____ of bikes was Covid-19 related,
and what if the person who'd taken his bike really needed ____ 4 6____ to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt ____ 4 7____ a plan and posted it on the community website. He ____ 4 8____
to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. He also asked for unwanted bikes, which he would repair-again
____ 4 9____ . And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn't have the ____ 5 0____ to
buy one.
The day the post went live, Pruitt received thirty ____ 5 1____ bicycles. Then came more than 500 ____ 5 2____
for detailed information. By the end of 2020, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 for donation or to be ____ 5 3____ to
their owners.
Pruitt tries to give his donations to families that are ____ 5 4____ struggling. ____ 5 5____ simply satisfying a
material need, he has provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.In addition to ____ 5 6____ skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-worth, and promote feelings of
community. ____ 5 7____ , the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
"It's a really great ____ 5 8____ for kids,“ said a neighbor in an interview with the local newspaper. "Pruitt is
certainly providing a ____ 5 9____ , but it's not just the bikes. It's the relationships in the community. It's the
____ 6 0____ that he can make on people."
41. A. amazed B. mad C. curious D. frightened
42. A. emotions B. career C. opinions D. route
43. A. ever B. together C. instead D. yet
44. A. ride B. lock C. repair D. replace
45. A. lack B. variety C. increase D. quality
46. A. instruction B. qualification C. transportation D. permission
47. A. came up with B. stuck to C. gave up D. broke away from
48. A. remembered B. refused C. hesitated D. offered
49. A. by accident B. in advance C. for free D. on credit
50. A. profit B. budget C. courage D. excuse
51. A. shared B. used C. expensive D. modern
52. A. enquiries B. advertisements C. notices D. announcements
53. A. exported B. sold C. lent D. returned
54. A. hardly B. slightly C. truly D. instantly
55. A. Without B. Beyond C. Upon D. Among
56. A. practical B. commercial C. mathematical D. social
57. A. Otherwise B. However C. Somehow D. Meanwhile
58. A. promise B. celebration C. comfort D. experience
59. A. competition B. service C. ceremony D. suggestion
60. A. compromise B. impression C. impact D. progress
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. B
52. A 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. A 57. D 58. D 59. B 60. C
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Robbie Pruitt在自己的自行车被偷后，想出了给人免费修车的计划。他
把这一计划发布到了网上，主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再
免费修理一次。然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。他还教授邻居的孩子们免费修车，
得到了邻居的赞赏。
【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Robbie Pruitt承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。A. amazed惊讶
的；B. mad生气的；C. curious好奇的；D. frightened害怕的。根据后文“letting go of his anger”可知发现车被
偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但很快，他的情绪发生了变化。A. emotions情绪；B. career事业；C. opinions观点；
D. route路线。结合后文“After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知
Robbie Pruitt从生气沮丧变成了同情，情绪发生了变化。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在放下愤怒和沮丧之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。A. ever曾经；B. together一
起；C. instead相反；D. yet然而。结合上文“he found himself on a road to sympathy”可知，发现自己的车被偷，
Robbie Pruitt放下愤怒和沮丧，反而走上了同情他人的道路。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对于热衷于骑自行车的Pruitt来说，第一件要做的事就是取代他被偷的自行车。A.
ride骑车；B. lock锁上；C. repair修理；D. replace取代。根据后文“his stolen bike. But when he went bike
shopping”可知车被偷，Pruitt要买车来取代被偷的自行车。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与
Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. lack缺乏；B. variety多样；C. increase增
加；D. quality质量。根据上文“he found few available”可知商店里也缺少自行车。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当他去买自行车时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与
Covid-19有关，如果骑他自行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？A. instruction指令；B. qualification资格；C.
transportation运输工具；D. permission允许。根据前后文“needed … to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自
行车的人是因为确实需要交通工具去上班。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：带着这个想法，Pruitt想出了一个计划，并把它发布在了社区网站上。A. came up
with提出；B. stuck to坚持；C. gave up放弃；D. broke away from突然逃跑。根据后文“a plan and posted it on
the community website”指想出了一个计划，come up with符合语境。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他主动提出为有需要的人免费修理自行车。A. remembered记得；B. refused拒绝；
C. hesitated犹豫；D. offered提议。结合后文“to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it”指Pruitt提议为他人免费修车，offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：他还想要一些没人要的自行车，他愿意再免费修理一次。A. by accident偶然；B. in
advance提前；C. for free免费；D. on credit赊账。呼应上文“fix bikes free of charge”他的修车都是免费的。故
选C。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他会把它们捐给那些真正需要它们但没有预算买的人。A. profit利润；B.
budget预算；C. courage勇气；D. excuse借口。根据前后文“folks who could truly use them but didn't have the…
to buy one”可知，Pruitt捐车的对象是那些需要车但是预算不够，买不起的人，but表示转折，说明预算紧张。
故选B。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一帖子发布当天，Pruitt收到了30辆二手自行车。A. shared共享的；B. used二
手的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. modern现代的。根据上文“He also asked for unwanted bikes”可知，Pruitt也回
收不想要的二手车，所以在帖子发布当天收到了30辆二手自行车。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后就来了500多个询问详细信息的询问。A. enquiries询问；B. advertisements广
告；C. notices通知；D. announcements公告。根据后文“for detailed information”可知有询问详细信息的询问。
故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2020年底，Pruitt已经修复了140多件自行车，这些自行车要么捐赠，要么返还
原主。A. exported出口；B. sold出售；C. lent借给；D. returned返回，返还。结合后文“to their owners”指修好
的车返还给主人，return符合语境。故选D。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt试图把他的捐赠捐给那些真正生活困难挣扎的家庭。A. hardly几乎不；B.
slightly轻微地；C. truly真实地；D. instantly立即。此处呼应上文“folks who could truly use them”指Pruitt的捐
赠都是给那些真正生活有困难的家庭的。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了满足物质需求，他为邻居的孩子们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会。A.
Without没有；B. Beyond除……之外；超过；C. Upon在……上；D. Among在……中间。结合后文“he has
provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes”可知，不仅满足了物质上的
需求，还提供了学习如何修理自行车的机会。故选B。【56题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了实用技能，Pruitt的课程还教授团队合作，鼓励自我价值，促进社区感觉。
A. practical实际的；B. commercial商业的；C. mathematical数学的；D. social社会的。根据上文“he has
provided an opportunity for kids in his neighborhood to learn how to fix their own bikes.”可知，Pruitt为邻居的孩子
们提供了一个学习如何修理自行车的机会，即教授他们实用技能。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。A. Otherwise否则；B. However然而；C.
Somehow不知怎么；D. Meanwhile同时。根据前后文语境，可知孩子们通过参加Pruitt的课程，学到了实用技
能，同时还有了一种成就感，Meanwhile符合语境。故选D。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位邻居在接受当地报纸采访时说：“对孩子们来说，这真是一次很棒的经
历。”A. promise承诺；B. celebration庆祝；C. comfort安慰；D. experience经历。根据语境，参与Pruitt的课
程对孩子们来说，是一次经历。故选D。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Pruitt当然会提供服务，但不仅仅是自行车。A. competition比赛；B. service服务；
C. ceremony典礼；D. suggestion建议。结合上文可知，Pruitt为人们免费修车，还为社区的孩子教授如何修车，
所以他提供的是服务。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：而是他能对人们产生的影响。A. compromise妥协；B. impression印象；C. impact
影响；D. progress进步。根据后文“he can make on people”可知为短语make impact on“对……产生影响”。故
选C。
6.（2020年全国卷II）
It was just after sunrise on a June morning. “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be ___1__ to the public because of
Italy’s privacy laws, ___2___ working the whole night at a factory in Turin. As he often did, he stopped by the “after
work auction(拍卖)” ___3___ by the Italian police where things ___4___ on the trains were sold to the highest
bidder. There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look ___5___above his dining
room table. Nicolo and another bidder ___6___ until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he ___7___ the paintings with him. He hung them above the same
table he had ___8___ from Turin. His son, age 15, who had ___9___ an art appreciation class, thought that there was
something ____10____ about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair. It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or sohe thought, but when he ____11____ it, he only found “Bonnard,” a French ____12____ he had never heard of. He
bought a book and was ____13____ to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same
____14____ as his father’s painting.
“That’s the garden in our picture,”Nicolo’s son told his father. They ____15____ learned that the painting they
____16____was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They ____17____ the other painting and learned that it was
____18____ Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” The ____19____ called the Italian
Culture Ministry; the official confirmed that the paintings were ____20____ and worth as much as $50 million.
1. A. attached B. allocated C. exposed D. submitted
2. A. finished B. delayed C. considered D. tried
3. A. attended B. reserved C. cancelled D. run
4. A. shown B. found C. kept D. hidden
5. A. nice B. familiar C. useful D. real
6. A. battled B. debated C. discussed D. bargain
7. A. held B. left C. registered D. brought
8. A. chosen B. received C. ordered D. moved
9. A. missed B. failed C. taken D. led
10. A. concrete B. unusual C. unappealing D. natual
11. A. appreciated B. touched C. researched D. witnessed
12. A. painter B. designer C. author D. actor
13. A. expected B. surprised C. anxious D. ready
14. A. room B. kitchen C. hall D. garden
15. A. apparently B. confidently C. eventually D. temporarily
16. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole
17. A. collected B. cleaned C. framed D. studied
18. A. suitably B. actually C. rightly D. specifically
19. A. girl B. artist C. family D. police
20. A. copies B. originals C. models D. presents
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C
16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。后来他的学
艺术欣赏的儿子经过研究发现这两副画可能来自著名画家，他们打电话给意大利文化部，那儿的官员证实这两幅画都是画家的真迹，价值至少5000万美元。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因意大利的隐私法不
能暴露给公众。A. attached附加，附属；B. allocated分配；C. exposed暴露；D. submitted上交。根据下文的
“because of Italy's privacy”可知，此处用be exposed to“暴露”符合语境，故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo完成了一整夜在Turin一家工厂的工作，他的真实名字因为意大利的隐私法
不能暴露给警方。A. finished完成；B. delayed推迟；C. considered考虑；D. tried尝试。根据上文的“It was
just after sunrise on a June morning”可推测Nicolo刚在工厂里上完了夜班，即完成了一整夜的工作，故选A项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警方进行的，将
在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. attended参加；B. reserved保护；C. cancelled取消；D. run进
行。结合常识可知，拍卖会上需要有警察来维持秩序，进行拍卖，故选D项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：像往常一样，他顺便去了“下班后拍卖”，这个拍卖会是由意大利警察管理的，将
在火车上发现的东西卖给出价最高的竞标人。A. shown展示；B. found发现；C. kept保存；D. hidden隐藏。根
据句意可知，此处是指拍卖的东西都是从一列火车上发现的，故选B项。
【5题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里，很多其它东西中，Nicolo看到了两幅画，他觉得它们看起来挂在自己的
餐桌上方会很漂亮。A. nice漂亮的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. useful有用的； D. real真的。根据下文的“Nicolo
and another bidder 46 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$”可推测Nicolo认为这两幅画挂在自己的餐桌前
会很漂亮，所以才会出高价买，故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nicolo和另外一个竞标人竞争，直到Nicolo最终以32美元的价格赢得了这两幅画。
A. battled竞争；B. debated辩论；C. discussed讨论；D. bargained讨价还价。根据上文的“were sold to the
highest bidder”可知，此处指竞标人一起竞争，故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Nicolo退休去Sicily居住时，他带上了这两幅画。A. held拿着；B. left离开，留
下；C. registered注册；D. brought带来。根据下文的“he hung them above the same table”可知，Nicolo搬家时
带上了这两幅画，故选D项。
【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把它们挂在同一张桌子的上面，这张桌子是他从Turin搬来的。A. chosen选择；
B. received收到；C. ordered命令；D. moved搬。根据上文的“the same table”可知，Nicolo搬家时也把桌子搬
来了，故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上
的画是不寻常的。A. missed错过；B. failed失败；C. taken拿；D. led导致。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语
take classes“上课”，故选C项。
【10题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析，句意：句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那副有一个年轻女孩坐在花
园椅子上的画是不寻常的。A. concrete具体的；B. unusual不寻常的；C. unappealing不吸引人的；D. natural自
然的。根据下文的“it was signed “Bonnato” or he thought”可知，儿子认为这幅画可能是一个著名画家的画，故
觉得它有些不同寻常，故选B项。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了
“Bonnard”，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. appreciated欣赏；B. touched触摸；C. researched研究；D.
witnessed目睹。根据下文的“he only found “Bonnard'””可推测，儿子仔细研究了画，故选C项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：画上署名Bonnato或者他认为是这样，但当他仔细研究它时，他只发现了
Bonnard，一个他从未听说过的法国画家。A. painter画家；B. designer设计师；C. author作家；D. actor演员。
根据下文的“a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard”可知，此处指Bonnard是一位法国画家，故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在
和父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. expected意料的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. anxious焦虑的；D.
ready准备好的。根据下文的“sitting on the same chair in the same 14 as his father’s painting”可知，他发现书里
面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，画中艺术家Pierre Bonnard在花园里坐在椅子上，画中的花园和椅子和父
亲的画里的一样，所以他感到很吃惊，故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他买了一本书，非常吃惊的发现里面有一幅艺术家Pierre Bonnard的画，他坐在和
父亲画里面一样的花园里，一样的椅子上。A. room房间；B. kitchen餐厅； C. hall 大厅；D. garden花园。根
据上文的“with a young girl sitting on a garden chair”可知，此处指花园，garden是原词复现，故选D项。
【15题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. apparently明显地；
B. confidently自信地；C. eventually最后；D. temporarily暂时地。根据上文的“he bought a book and was 53 to
find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same as his father's painting”可知，此处是指
经过一系列的对比和研究，他们终于从一本书上得知了其中一副画的名字，故选C项。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们最终知道他们拥有的这幅画叫做“有两把椅子的女孩”。A. owned拥有；B.
borrowed借；C. sold卖；D. stole偷。根据上文的“Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$”可知，这幅画的所有
权是Nicolo的，即他们拥有它，故选A项。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a
Table with a Small Dog》。A. collected收集；B. cleaned打扫；C. framed制定；D. studied研究。根据上文的
“but when he it”可知，此处用“研究”符合语境，research和study是同义词复现，故选D项。
【18题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们研究了另一幅画，发现它事实上是Paul Gauguin的《Still Life of Fruit on a
Table with a Small Dog》。A. suitably适合地；B. actually事实上；C. rightly正确地；D. specifically具体地。根
据句意可知，此处是指他们研究了另外一副画，事实证明也是一副著名画家的画，故选B项。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。
A. girl女孩；B. artist艺术家；C. family家庭；D. police警察。根据上下文可知，此处是指Nicolo一家为了鉴
别画的真伪给意大利文化部打电话，故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这家人给意大利文化部打电话，官员肯定这些画是原版，价值高达5000万美元。
A. copies复制品；B. originals原版；C. models 模型；D. presents礼物。根据下文的“as much as $50 million”可
推测，这两幅画都是画家的原版，故选B项。
