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第 16 讲 完形填空记叙文（20 空）（讲）
【考纲考情】
记叙文是高考完形填空中出现频率最高的一类文体。该体裁以记人、叙事为主；多以人物思想和行为
为中心；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为
主，其他时态为辅；在词性上仍会以实词为主，其中动词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，并且完形填
空题注重对文章语境的理解；适当会有间接引语。选材上会源于真实生活，平淡叙述中流露人间真情，体
现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养。难易上，句内层次题（答案由设空所在句子决定，多凭语
感可知答案）和句组层次题（答案由设空临近句子决定，需前后寻找信息或暗示）较容易且所占比重较大，
语篇层次题（答案由整篇文章的内涵决定，需统揽全局）考查较少但难度较大。
【考点梳理】
针对高考叙述性的完形填空题，解答技巧如下：
1．抓住文章中心。
中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。抓住中心有助于明确做题
方向，提高针对性。
2．明确叙述角度。
通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，
从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙
事、状物。在做题时可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择
等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
3．理清写作顺序。
根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展
的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
4．明确写作要素。
包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。弄清了这些
要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。
5．洞悉写作目的。
就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的，而最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。因
此，只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西，才能洞悉作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。
解答完形填空题需具备“题文齐读”的技能，也即是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。这项
技能要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。在平时的训练中要多尝试应用
才能默化成规，内化于心。通常，在具体的解题中，需掌握以下解题方法：
1．利用语义复现解题
语义复现不仅是同一个词，同义词、反义词、近义词都可能成为这类题目的解题关键点，但是这些词可能隐藏得比较深。上下文之间可能互相暗示答案，但有时上下文相隔较远，因此要注意寻找。
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)It was signed (签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought, but when he 51.researched it, he only
found “Bonnard，” a French 52.painter he had never heard of. He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a
picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54.garden as his father's painting.
... They 57 the other painting and learned that it was ...
A．collected B．cleaned
C．framed D．studied
【答案】D
【解析】collect “收集”；clean “打扫”；frame “制定”；study “研究”。根据上文的“but when he
51 it”可知，此处用“研究”符合语境，research和study是同义词复现。
故选：D。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)But that 45.changed when a system of hightech 46 was introduced to reflect sunlight
from neighboring peaks (山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents (居民) of Rjukan 47.received their
very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48.use. The
mirrors are controlled by a computer that 49.directs them to turn along with the sun ...
A．computers B．telescopes
C．mirrors D．cameras
【答案】C
【解析】根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled ...”可知，此处应填mirrors(镜子)。
故选：C。
2．利用习惯搭配或固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配或固定结构，此类试题相对容易，平时注意积累总结是关键。
(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)His son, age 15, who had 49 an art appreciation class, thought that there was something
50.unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.
A．missed B．failed
C．taken D．led
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他15岁的儿子在上一门艺术欣赏课，他认为那幅有一个年轻女孩坐在花园椅子上的画
是不寻常的。固定短语take classes “上课”。
故选：C。
3．利用逻辑关系解题
此种方法是通过分析设空前后文的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查
连词和起连词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，利用逻辑关
系去解答都是一种重要的方法。
(2021·天津高考 3月)In addition to 31.practical skills, Pruitt's lessons teach teamwork, encourage self－
worth, and promote feelings of community. 32 ， the kids have gained a sense of accomplishment.
A．Otherwise B．HoweverC．Somehow D．Meanwhile
【答案】D
【解析】句意：同时，孩子们也有了一种成就感。otherwise “否则”；however “然而”；somehow “不
知怎么”；meanwhile “同时”。根据前后文逻辑关系可知，孩子们通过参加Pruitt(普鲁伊特)的课程，学到
实用技能，与获得成就感是同步的，meanwhile符合题意。
故选：D。
【题型剖析】
A
（2022·全国·高考真题）You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___1___ was nearly enough to keep
my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___2___. When I first dated Steve, I ___3___ he
had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___4___ that he was an animal lover, I ___5___ that three dogs
were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___6___, the cat.
The next week we ___7___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___8___,
Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so ___9___? He poured water from a
bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. ______10______, I began to fall for him.
We ______11______ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly
had an operation on her ______12______. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly
______13______ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve ______14______ his house. All
worked ______15______. The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ______16______ Flora’s space;
Steve and I formed a good team ______17______ for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my ______18______, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did
not kneel (跪) down, nor did I ______19______ him to. That’s only for giving ______20______ to the dogs that
brought us together.
1．A．ownership B．membership C．companionship D．leadership
2．A．reservations B．expectations C．confidence D．prejudice
3．A．feared B．doubted C．hoped D．learned
4．A．unsatisfied B．amused C．terrified D．thrilled
5．A．predicted B．worried C．regretted D．insisted
6．A．Flora B．Chance C．Molly D．Tilly
7．A．tied B．walked C．bathed D．fed
8．A．breath B．balance C．attention D．imagination9．A．calm B．sure C．soon D．real
10．A．By the way B．In that case C．By all means D．In that moment
11．A．continued B．decided C．intended D．pretended
12．A．eye B．tail C．ear D．leg
13．A．secretly B．constantly C．eventually D．unwillingly
14．A．left B．sold C．suggested D．searched
15．A．late B．hard C．fine D．free
16．A．emptied B．respected C．occupied D．discovered
17．A．looking B．caring C．waiting D．calling
18．A．delight B．credit C．interest D．disadvantage
19．A．beg B．trust C．need D．aid
20．A．toys B．awards C．food D．water
B
（2022·浙江·高考真题）When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy four last year, she started having
problems with her ___21___ , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply ___22___ a terrible experience, " Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so
helpless and insecure because the quality of my ___23___ was affected. "
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had ___24___ problems and discovered that they were largely
suffering in ___25___. " Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so ___26___ she said. " But more and
more are suffering and lives are being ___27___.
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research, ___28___ at Tel Aviv University in
Israel. The research team ___29___ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done_____30_____ work on eye
care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising _____31_____ for the project with a
friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. _____32_____ she has raised $ 110, 000 with another $40, 000
_____33_____ .
"I'm trying to get more and more people to _____34_____ that there are solutions（解决办法）said Ms.
Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after _____35_____ . "I say there is no old
_____36_____ , there's only neglect （忽视）. Don't stand _____37_____ , do something about it. "
Ms. Burdeyney _____38_____ that she is hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring
_____39_____ into people eyes and this is just the _____40_____. There is still a long way to go"
21．A．throat B．skin C．lungs D．eyes22．A．getting over B．going through C．holding on D．passing down
23．A．story B．treatment C．life D．relationship
24．A．similar B．various C．personal D．special
25．A．turn B．peace C．vain D．silence
26．A．unbearable B．abnormal C．insignificant D．disturbing
27．A．compromised B．forgotten C．substituted D．separated
28．A．course B．program C．paper D．conference
29．A．informed B．doubted C．included D．dismissed
30．A．part-time B．controversial C．voluntary D．ground-breaking
31．A．money B．standards C．awareness D．questions
32．A．As ever B．So far C．In return D．Once again
33．A．wasted B．donated C．expected D．earned
34．A．imagine B．confirm C．remember D．understand
35．A．retirement B．childbirth C．graduation D．marriage
36．A．time B．rule C．age D．tale
37．A．straight B．still C．firm D．alone
38．A．commented B．learned C．reminded D．added
39．A．light B．joy C．color D．beauty
40．A．future B．beginning C．truth D．meaning
