文档内容
专题 16 完形填空之句间+语篇层次题 3 大技巧解密
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点一 完形填空
【高考解密】
命题点01 句间层次题
命题点02 语篇层次题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 完形填空5大易错点
05创新好题·分层练主题 考查类型
名词 介词
试卷 年份 体裁 (短语) 形容词 副
语境 内容 (短 (短
动词 (短语) 词
语) 语)
人与
全国乙卷 2023 记叙文 完善自我 12 3 5 1 0
自我
人与
全国甲卷 2023 记叙文 人际交往 8 4 7 0 1
社会
新高考Ⅰ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 6 7 2 0 0
卷 社会
新高考Ⅱ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 7 3 4 1 0
卷 社会
人与
2022 说明文 人际关系 7 7 4 2 0
社会
人与
2021 夹叙夹议 人际交往 10 7 1 2 0
全国卷Ⅰ/ 社会
全国乙卷 人与
2020 夹叙夹议 完善自我 6 8 3 2 1
自我
人与
2019 记叙文 环境保护 8 7 4 1 0
自然
人与
全国卷Ⅱ/ 2022 记叙文 人际交往 8 7 1 3 1
社会
全国甲卷
2021 记叙文 人与 完善自我 10 5 4 1 0自我
人与
2020 记叙文 文化遗产 11 4 3 2 0
社会
人与
2019 记叙文 人际关系 9 5 3 2 1
社会
人与
2020 记叙文 社会关系 8 3 6 1 2
社会
全国卷Ⅲ
人与
2019 夹叙夹议 人与环境 9 4 5 2 0
自然
（解密高考命题点，每个命题点下面2-3道高考真题）
命题点 01 句间层次题
典例01
【典例9】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep __47__．
47．A.fighting B．smiling
C．Waiting
【答案】B D．changing
【分析】 本题可以利用转折关系解题。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们
保持微笑。由此可知，前后语义为转折关系。故选B。
典例02
【典例10】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
...and __55__ opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56.stare__at it and
wonder，“What if it isn’t a door？”
55．A.by comparison with B．in addition to
C．regardless of D．instead of
【答案】D【分析】 本题可以利用对比关系解题。句意：他们不是打开门，抓住机会，而是凝视着它，
想知道“假如它不是一扇门，将会怎么样”。前后表示一种对比关系。故选D。
典例03
(2020全国Ⅱ卷·47) When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he ________ the paintings with him. He
hung them above the same table he had moved from Turin.
A. held B. left C. registered D. brought
【分析】由空处前的 “When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily”及下文的“he had moved from
Turin”可知，尼科洛之前住在都灵，他把在都灵居住时拍卖获得的画“带到(brought)”了西西里岛。
命题点02 语篇层次题
典例01
(2021·浙江1月卷)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8－day __42__．We had to 43.carry
everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way
but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack，my legs were on fire.
…
53．Needless__to__say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there
and I 54.survived．I think I am much 55.stronger__ for having taken part in the project.
42．A.tour B．project
C．campaign D．course
【答案】B
【分析】 本题可以利用首尾呼应关系解题。根据文章末尾的“the project”可知，本篇文章
讲述的是作者
某个项目的经历，结合文末信息回到开头题目，可知作者被派去 Coronado National Forest是
为了一个8天的“项目”。故选B。
典例02
(2021·全国乙卷)Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while
working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if
we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude (感谢)．
My thoughts were soon __43__．We had a woman patient who was 44.recovering from a knee
replacement operation.One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from
what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous, 47.requiring the
emergency medical team and good teamwork.But she recovered, though 48.slowly,__and was ready
for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
43．A.brushed aside B．put to the test
C．brought under discussion D．taken into account
【答案】B
【分析】 本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。文章首段提出了一个想法：应有不同的词语表
达不同程度的感谢。根据下文，作者叙述了一个患者表达感谢的故事。据此推断，作者在首
段提出的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside“被漠视”；be put to the test“使受考验，使
受检验”；be brought under discussion“被讨论”；be taken into account“被考虑进去”。故
选B。
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感
即可顺利选出答案。句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前
后的一组意群之中，解题时需“瞻前顾后”，“综合意群信息”解答。即本句信息不足填，
空格前后再找信息源。
技巧1 瞻前顾后揣摩语境
众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往”，所以正确领会和下文情节的发
展发生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而
做出正确的选择。
1.【2022·新高考I】My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten
years.
Some of our ___21___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.
21. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries21. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A.
ideas想法；B. jokes笑话；C. memories记忆；D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping
experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推
知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。
2.【2022·新高考I】 I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He
was ___24___, and his crying let the whole campground know it.
24. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
24. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；
B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around
his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指
孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。故选C。
3.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them,
this 25-year-old is doing it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world,
stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.
21．A．indoors B．online C．single-handed D．full-time
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A.
indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her
husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的
两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项
工作。故选D。
4.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Throughout their no-cost stays in ___25___ homes, they feed pets and water
plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ .
25．A．strangers’ B．parents’ C．co-workers’ D．neighbors’
26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、
给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据
上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、
给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets
and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。5.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】But house sitting also offers a level of ___29___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s
like staying at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
29．A．support B．comfort C．control D．attention
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B.
comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也
能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。
技巧2 根据行文逻辑
行文逻辑 行文逻辑
完形填空 境考点是高考中的必考点。 考点是完形填空的重要命题手段，每年高考
都考。
答题时，要树立起语篇概念，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群
与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关
系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because,
for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词
或短语有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in
other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。
1.【2022·新高考I卷】Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we headed off,
but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___28___ our peaceful morning trip.
28. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
28. B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平
静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“but
storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处
指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。【提醒】but转折关系为我们提供了做题的依据。
2.【2022·全国甲卷】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was
thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack
___ 4 6___ , the cat.
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
46. A虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。根据
上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指
作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。【提醒】此处Flora和the cat是同位关系。
3. 【2021·浙江省高考英语试卷】Everyone was so 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 to feel athome.
20．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
21．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.
confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”
可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B。同类关系
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.
funny搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”
得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D。同类关系
4. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage
it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.
25．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C.
Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的
数量减少。故选A。并列关系
技巧3 根据 利用情感态度解题
在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、
副词或动词。这些词汇通常是解题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助考生快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【真题典例】（2021年浙江卷1月） My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock. This 46. meant climbing
up and down the side of a mountain inhabited(栖息)by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,
never 47.seen.
Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being. The 48 of knowing that my 49.work will be on that
mountainside for years to come is massive.
48.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention
【答案】A
【解析】本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据划线处后半句“my 49.work will be on that
mountainside for years to come is massive”,“了解我的工作成果(work)将会在未来数年都在这个山坡上”，作
者对自己的工作有十足的满足感，故用 satisfaction“满足,满足感”。考向01 句间层次题
（2023 年四川省成都七中高三检测试题）People may misunderstand what they used to be familiar with. I
remember a 41 professor, invited to our school, taught stress management principles in a school hall
42 . filled with students.
41．A．physics B．chemistry C．literature D．psychology
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得我们学校邀请了一位心理学教授，在一个坐满学生的礼堂里教
授压力管理原则。A. physics物理；B. chemistry化学；C. literature文学；D. psychology心理学。根据下文
“taught stress management principles”可知，这位教授教压力管理原则，所以应该是心理学教授。故选D。
2.（2023年福建莆田一中模拟测试） I said to my assistant. The ____42____ colleague contacted my wife,
Beth, and she drove me straight to hospital.
42．A．curious B．reserved C．casual D．concerned
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位忧心忡忡的同事联系了我的妻子贝丝，她直接开车送我去了医
院。A. curious 好奇的；B. reserved 寡言少语的；C. casual 随便的；D. concerned 担心的。根据后文
“colleague contacted my wife, Beth, and she drove me straight to hospital”可知，同事担心作者，所以联系了
作者的妻子，故选D。
3.（2023年广东省4地区高三联考）Johnny ___ 4 5___ walked into the hut and sank onto the muddy brown
sofa. “Are you okay, dear?” His grandma asked.
45．A．unhappily B．unbelievably C．unexpectedly D．unconsciously
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：约翰尼怏怏不乐地走进小屋，倒在暗褐色沙发上。A. unhappily不开心
地；B. unbelievably难以置信地；C. unexpectedly出乎意料地；D. unconsciously不知不觉地。 后文提到
““Are you okay, dear?” His grandma asked. “No!” ”根据前后文语境可知约翰尼郁闷地走进小屋，倒在暗褐
色沙发上。故选A。
考向02 语篇层次题
1. (2019全国Ⅱ卷·45) Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that _______ dog. So, four days later,
he called his friend Greg, and the two drove back…
....A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one advertised as lost in the local paper.A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued
【答案】D
【分析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:回到家里，埃勒斯被那只走失的狗所困扰。A.injured受伤的;B.
stolen被偷的;C.rescued援救的; D. lost丢失的，根据下文“A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one
8as lost in the local paper.”可知，这是有人弄丢的小狗。故选D。
2. (2021·八省市联考)
The moment I said it the assistant 47.shouted from behind.“How dare do you say that! Who are
you to take us down, eh？”
I admit I was too __48__ at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an __49__
look.
From that day on, I 50.completely stopped joking about anyone’s profession and works...
48．A.angry B．proud
C．scared D．curious
49．A.anxious B．appealing
C．encouraging D．awkward
【答案】48. C 49. D
【分析】 48．根据上文和下一段中的．..stopped joking about anyone’s profession and works.可知， 作者当
时感到害怕(scared) , 所以后来才再也不针对任何人的职业和工作场所开玩笑了。故选C。
49．作者和理发师的一句玩笑话让理发师助理很生气，作者被理发师助理大声呵斥， 旁边的叔叔给作者
一个尴尬(awkward)的表情。故选D。
完形填空5大易错点
高考是选拔性考试，试题有难度梯度。因此，完形填空中总会有两三道较难题目成为考生取
得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；
②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需
要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨
在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这
就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行
准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不
急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
【典例1】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
My life as a tax－paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I
worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little
bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plant downtown
needed eight kids for __43__ help during our spring break，for which I had no 44.plans beyond
listening to my favorite records.
43．A.generous B．financial
C．technical D．temporary
【分析】 本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合全
篇来找线索。根据上文中的“for three whole days”和下文中的“during our spring break”可知，这里说的是
春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous“慷慨的，大方的”；financial“财务的，金
融的”；technical“技术的，专业的”；temporary“临时的，暂时的”。故选D。
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或义近词(组)让考生辨析，因为形式相近或意义
相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。
【典例2】 (2021·全国甲卷)
“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions，” he said in the letter.“I come
to you, __57__， to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to
59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
57．A.hands in pockets B．nose in the air
C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground
【分析】 四个备选项在形式上非常相似，基本都是名词＋介词＋名词的词组，部分考生很容易因混淆而失
分。本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据空后“...apologize for the damage”可推测作者的
态度是谦卑的，所以选 C 项hat in hand恭敬地(乞求或请求)。其他选项均不符合语境。hands
in pockets双手插兜；nose in the air目中无人；feet on the ground脚踏实地。考生如果完全掌握
了这四个词组，很容易选出正确选项。
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造
成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
【典例3】 (2021·天津3月卷)
“It’s a really great 33.experience for kids，” said a neighbor in an interview with the local
newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly providing a 34.service,__but it’s not just the bikes.It’s the
relationships in the community.It’s the __35__ he can make on people.”
35．A.compromise B．impression
C．impact D．progress
【分析】 根据全文内容可知，此处表示Pruitt的行为对人们产生的“影响”，故选C。本题的选择难度
在于A选项，“compromise 妥协，和解”对于同学们而言是一个相对陌生的词汇，一些考生可能因为词
汇积累不够，又不能有效地利用上下文中的提示而失分。
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生
容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的
失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命
题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
【典例4】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
Our __48__ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply
icing eyes and nose.
49．Remove bunny from the belt.
48．A.joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices【分析】 根据下文中的“Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears...from the
belt”可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示“角色”外，还
可以表示“职责，作用”，因此选C。
【典例5】 (浙江6月卷)
One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money running a sideline
(副业)．Since his regular job was 48.boring,__I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full－
time.He said without the job, he would __49__ have too much time and would just do what I did
back in 50.college．He said that if he 51.quit the job, he would lose his 52.drive to work and
succeed.
49．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hopefully D．simply
【分析】 根据句意可知，他说如果没有那份工作，他确实会有很多时间。simply“确实，
简直”。此处simply这个词属于熟词生义，我们比较熟悉它的义项是“简单地，简朴地”。
由此可知正确选项为D 项。
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一
些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发
展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之
间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth来表达。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时
就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。
【典例6】 (2021·天津3月卷)
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was __19__ his stolen bike.But when he went
bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking：What if the 20.lack of bikes was
COVID－19 related, and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to
get to work?19．A.ride B．lock
C．repair D．replace
【分析】 普鲁特作为热衷骑自行车的人，自行车被偷，他首先要做的应该是换一辆自行车，
D项“replace”符合语境。故选D。但考生受思维定式影响，可能看到后文的“bike”就下意识
地以为选择ride a bike这个固定搭配，从而误选A项。
（2024上·甘肃·高三统考期末）I found a wonderful picture of Maolan karst cones online and presented it to
the innkeeper. “You can’t go there,” the innkeeper 1 me. “The viewing platform has been closed due to 2
that too many visitors could cause geological damage.”
Despite our disappointment, we 3 an alternative: a seven-hour hike through the “funnel forest”.
Initially, we were 4 to run the risk. However, I had 5 the tourism motto in the nature reserve: “If
you don’t do it now, you won’t do it in your lifetime.” Three of our group 6 decided to venture into the
forest. The innkeeper responded with a knowing 7 : “Great. Bear Grylls went there.”
The next morning, we set off with a local 8 . Rain came and went three times, and before I actually
9 to climb over the first mountain, I had already got wet to the skin. I was a walking 10 of mud and
water.
Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a botanist, introducing the locally specific plants to us, but I was hardly in
the 11 . Every step sank into the muddy, sucking ground. Every log or rock in front of us was a physical
12 . “One can never reach those places without strong willpower,” I murmured, reciting that millennium-old
13 , over and over again.
Sinkholes and entrances to underground rivers kept popping up along our 14 . Thinking of them
leading to an unknown world, I began to 15 the road that I can control even more.
Wandering in a green chaos without any obvious landmarks is also breathtaking.
1．A．answered B．told C．followed D．favored
2．A．news B．matters C．concerns D．conclusions
3．A．worked out B．took in C．set down D．ruled out
4．A．unwilling B．surprised C．calm D．inspired
5．A．forgotten B．promoted C．interpreted D．noticed6．A．shortly B．lately C．eventually D．suddenly
7．A．taste B．tone C．smile D．sigh
8．A．botanist B．keeper C．farmer D．guide
9．A．managed B．decided C．planned D．agreed
10．A．visitor B．mixture C．log D．stranger
11．A．eagerness B．mood C．humor D．pity
12．A．contact B．energy C．activity D．challenge
13．A．prediction B．line C．deal D．secret
14．A．route B．landmark C．platform D．rock
15．A．guarantee B．ignore C．doubt D．appreciate
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 5．D 6．C 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B
11．B 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和同伴在“漏斗森林”探险的经历。在探险的路上，作者多
次遇到下雨的糟糕天气，体力不支，心情低落。但当想到不断冒出的水坑和地下河流的入口在通往一个未
知的世界时，他开始更加欣赏沿途令人叹为观止的风景 。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你不能去那儿，”旅店老板告诉我。A. answered回答；B. told告诉；C.
followed跟随；D. favored喜爱。根据前文的“I found a wonderful picture of Maolan karst cones online and
presented it to the innkeeper. “You can’t go there,” the innkeeper”可知，作者让客栈老板看旅游地茂兰喀斯特岩
溶锥的精美照片，客栈老板在告知作者不能去那儿。故选B项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“由于担心游客过多会造成地质破坏，观景台已经关闭。”A. news新闻；
B. matters事项；C. concerns担心；D. conclusions结论。根据空后的“that too many visitors could cause
geological damage”可知，太多的游客可能造成地质破坏，此空应表示“担忧”。故选C项。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们很失望，但我们还是想出了另一个办法：在“漏斗森林”中徒步7
个小时。A. worked out算出；B. took in理解；C. set down放下；D. ruled out排除。根据前文的“Despite
our disappointment”和后文“ an alternative: a seven-hour hike through the “funnel forest””可知，作者尽管失望，
但是事情有所转机，此处应该是想出了可替代的旅游方案：穿越“漏斗森林”的七小时徒步旅行。故选A
项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我们不愿意冒这个险。A. unwilling不情愿；B. surprised吃惊的；
C. calm冷静的；D. inspired受到启发的。根据下文“to run the risk”和“However, I had 5 the tourism mottoin the nature reserve: “If you don’t do it now, you won’t do it in your lifetime.””可知，作者的旅游团队最终决定
去森林探险，由“However”一词可知，本空所在句子应为:“我们本不愿意去冒险”。故选A项。
5． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我注意到自然保护区的旅游格言:“如果你现在不做，你这辈子就不
会做了。”A. forgotten忘记；B. promoted促进；C. interpreted说明；D. noticed注意到。根据前文的“the
tourism motto in the nature reserve”可知，“我”注意到自然保护区的旅游格言。故选D项。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们三人最终决定冒险进入森林。A. shortly很快；B. lately最近；C.
eventually最终；D. suddenly突然。根据上文“Initially, we were 4 to run the risk. However, I had 5 the
tourism motto in the nature reserve: “If you don’t do it now, you won’t do it in your lifetime.””可知，一开始作者
的旅游团队对探秘“漏斗森林”存在为难情绪，此空应指在“旅游箴言”的激励下，作者团队中的三个人
终于做出了选择。故选C项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：客栈老板会心一笑:“太好了。贝尔·格里尔斯去了那里。”A. taste品尝；B.
tone音调；C. smile微笑；D. sigh叹气。根据下文“Great. Bear Grylls went there.”可知，客栈老板赞同作者
团队的选择，所以此处应指客栈老板会意一笑。故选C项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我们和一位当地导游出发了。A. botanist植物学家；B. keeper
守门员；C. farmer农民；D. guide指导。根据下文“Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a botanist”可知，本空
指作者团队在当地向导的带领下出发了。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨下了三次，在我真正爬过第一座山之前，我已经浑身湿透了。A. managed
管理；B. decided决定；C. planned计划；D. agreed同意。根据前文的“The next morning, we set off with a
local 8”和下文“to climb over the first mountain”可知，上文提到作者已经出发旅行，所以此处指作者在成
功爬过第一座山前就已经浑身湿透。故选A项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是泥和水的混合体。A. visitor访客；B. mixture混合物；C. log日志；D.
stranger陌生人。根据前文的“Rain came and went three times, and before I actually 9 to climb over the first
mountain, I had already got wet to the skin.”可知，作者在森林探险中遇上糟糕的天气，还没爬过一座山时就
已经浑身湿透，再根据空后“mud and water”可知，作者浑身都是泥和水，成了水和泥的混合体。故选B
项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的导游50多岁，表现得像个植物学家，向我们介绍当地特有的植物，
但我并没有兴致。A. eagerness急切；B. mood情绪；C. humor幽默；D. pity同情。根据前文“I was a
walking 10 of mud and water.”和“Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a botanist, introducing the locally specific
plants to us, but I was hardly”可知，导游兴致勃勃，但作者因为坏天气带来的不便而感到心情低落。故选B
项。12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们面前的每一块木头或岩石都是对身体的挑战。A. contact联系；B.
energy能量；C. activity活动；D. challenge挑战。 根据空前“Every step sank into the muddy, sucking
ground. Every log or rock in front of us was a physica”可知，作者每走一步都陷在泥泞的地面中，由此可看出
要跨越木头或岩石更是一种体力挑战。故选D项。
13． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喃喃地说，一遍又一遍地背诵着这句上千年的老话。A. prediction预测；
B. line话，言语；C. deal交易；D. secret秘密。根据空前“One can never reach those places without strong
willpower”可知，作者一遍又一遍用千年古语来鼓励自己继续探秘。故选B项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：天坑和地下河流的入口不断在我们的路线上出现。A. route路线；B.
landmark地标；C. platform平台；D. rock岩石。根据前文的“The next morning, we set off with a local 8 ”可
知，作者在向导的引领下探秘“漏斗森林”，因此他们会沿着一定的路线前行，因此本空所在句子应指沿
着他们的路线看到的景象。故选A项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：想到它们通向一个未知的世界，我开始更加珍惜这条我可以掌控的路。A.
guarantee担保；B. ignore忽略；C. doubt怀疑；D. appreciate欣赏。根据下文“Wandering in a green chaos
without any obvious landmarks is also breathtaking.”可知，在一片混乱的绿色中漫步，没有任何明显的地标也
是令人惊叹的，这是作者开始欣赏沿途的美景的感受。故选D项。
（2023上·河北保定·高三保定市第三中学校联考期末）“Hi! Ms Brooks!” It was Sunday morning, my
daughter and I were visiting a model home when I heard a(n) 16 voice. Standing in the yard was a boy.
“Evans! What are you doing here?” I cried, feeling surprised and a little annoyed. “I’m helping my father grow
flowers,” he answered 17 . Looking at his happy appearance, I stood there, 18 .
Then my daughter pulled me away, but Evans stayed on my mind for the rest of the weekend. Evans was a
19 . He was very fond of plants and animals. 20 he struggled with his reading, he never once
complained.
Evans’s grades showed no sign of 21 despite his determination. So I sometimes 22
whether he would be able to pass the exams. It was not until we studied the life cycle of plants together that I
changed my 23 . Evans behaved attentively. I had never seen him so 24 in the classroom.
In a class project, I 25 a task to each student. That was planting a sunflower seed in one container.
Sowing the seeds was 26 for many of the students, but the growing part was much less so. Except
Evans, they all lost interest and forgot to 27 their sunflowers-to-be. Every afternoon, he 28
the plants in his container. Some time later, few seeds successfully fully sprouted (发芽) because of too dry soil, but
the 29 in his container were about four inches tall. At that moment, I saw that special seed plantedinside him. And one day, he would 30 just as his sunflower.
16．A．impolite B．uncivilized C．familiar D．female
17．A．mournfully B．awkwardly C．vaguely D．proudly
18．A．warm-hearted B．open-mouthed C．easy-going D．hard-working
19．A．gardener B．volunteer C．pioneer D．racer
20．A．In case B．Even though C．For fear that D．As long as
21．A．improvement B．confusion C．judgment D．intention
22．A．inquired B．proposed C．decided D．doubted
23．A．determination B．lifestyle C．hobby D．tune
24．A．tired B．devoted C．casual D．independent
25．A．advised B．admitted C．assigned D．asked
26．A．strange B．difficult C．important D．exciting
27．A．pack up B．care for C．move away D．show off
28．A．irrigated B．cleaned C．filled D．polished
29．A．fruits B．flowers C．shoots D．roots
30．A．appear B．fade C．shine D．adjust
【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B 19．A 20．B 21．A 22．D 23．D 24．B
25．C 26．D 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了埃文斯是一个阳光的孩子，尽管他的学习成绩不是很好，但是他有
着坚定的信念，并且做事非常努力。从种向日葵一事中，作者开始从担心埃文斯变成看好他的未来。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那是一个星期天的早晨，我和女儿正在参观一个样板房，这时我听到了
一个熟悉的声音。A. impolite不礼貌的；B. uncivilized不文明的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. female女性的。根
据下文“Standing in the yard was a boy. “Evans! What are you doing here?””提到作者叫出男孩的名字可知，此
处应表示作者听到了一个熟悉的声音。故选C项。
17．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我在帮爸爸种花，”他骄傲地回答。A. mournfully悲痛地；B.
awkwardly尴尬地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. proudly自豪地。根据下文“Looking at his happy appearance”提到
他开心的样子可知，此处应表示男孩骄傲地回答。故选D项。
18．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：看着他快乐的样子，我站在那里，张大了嘴巴。A. warm-hearted热心肠
的；B. open-mouthed张大嘴巴的；C. easy-going随和的；D. hard-working努力工作的。根据后文可知，男
孩在学习上表现并不好，因此作者看到他热爱植物时很惊讶。故选B项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃文斯是一名园艺爱好者。A. gardener园丁，园艺爱好者；B. volunteer志愿者；C. pioneer先锋；D. racer比赛者。根据下文“He was very fond of plants and animals.”提到男孩非常喜
欢植物和动物可知，此处为埃文斯是一名园艺爱好者。故选A项。
20．考查连词词义辨析。句意：尽管他的阅读能力很差，但他从来没有抱怨过。A. In case如果，以防万一；
B. Even though尽管；C. For fear that唯恐；D. As long as只要。根据下文“he struggled with his reading”和
“he never once complained.”可知，上下句形成转折关系。故选B项。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管埃文斯下定决心，但他的成绩没有任何改善的迹象。A. improvement
进步，提升；B. confusion困惑；C. judgment判断；D. intention意图。根据下文“despite his determination.”
可知，此处应表示但他的成绩没有任何改善的迹象。故选A项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我有时怀疑他是否能通过考试。A. inquired询问；B. proposed建议；
C. decided决定；D. doubted怀疑。根据上文提到的尽管埃文斯下定决心，但他的成绩没有任何改善的迹象
可知，此处应表示作者怀疑他是否能通过考试。故选D项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到我们一起研究了植物的生命周期，我才改变了看法。A. determination
决定；B. lifestyle生活方式；C. hobby爱好；D. tune调子，曲调，可引申为看法。根据上文提到的作者怀
疑埃文斯是否能通过考试，以及此处“It was not until we studied the life cycle of plants together”可知，直到
一起研究了植物的生命周期，作者才改变了看法。故选D项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从未见过他在课堂上如此投入。A. tired疲劳的；B. devoted专注的，
投入的；C. casual随意的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“Evans behaved attentively.”可知，作者从未见
过他在课堂上如此投入。故选B项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一次班级项目中，我给每个学生分配了一个任务。A. advised建议；B.
admitted承认；C. assigned分配；D. asked问，要求。根据上文“In a class project”以及下文“That was
planting a sunflower seed in one container.”可知，作者给每个学生分配了一个任务。故选C项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：播下种子对许多学生来说是令人兴奋的，但是成长的部分就不那么令人
兴奋了。A. strange奇怪的；B. difficult困难的；C. important重要的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据下文
“but the growing part was much less so.”为转折说明成长的部分就不那么令人兴奋了可知，播下种子对许多
学生来说是令人兴奋的。故选D项。
27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：除了埃文斯，他们都失去了兴趣，忘记了照顾他们未来的向日葵。A. pack
up把……打包；B. care for照顾；C. move away移走；D. show off炫耀。根据上文“Except Evans, they all
lost interest”以及下文“Every afternoon, he ____13____ the plants in his container.”可知，大多数学生都忘记了
照顾他们未来的向日葵。故选B项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天下午，他都要给花盆里的植物浇水。A. irrigated浇水；B. cleaned清洁；C. filled装；D. polished打磨。根据下文“Some time later, few seeds successfully fully sprouted (发芽) because
of too dry soil, but the ____14____ in his container were about four inches tall.”提到仅有几位同学的种子成功发
芽，原因在于水，仅有埃文斯的向日葵长得很高，因此推知埃文斯每天都给他的向日葵浇水。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：过了一段时间，由于土壤太干燥，很少有种子成功发芽，但是他的容器里
的幼苗大约有四英寸高。A. fruits水果；B. flowers花；C. shoots嫩枝，芽；D. roots根。根据上文“Some
time later, few seeds successfully fully sprouted (发芽) because of too dry soil”由于土壤太干燥，很少有种子成
功发芽可知，此处应转折表示埃文斯的容器里的幼苗大约有四英寸高。故选C项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，他会像他的向日葵一样闪耀。A. appear出现；B. fade逐渐消失；
C. shine闪耀；D. adjust调整。根据上文“At that moment, I saw that special seed planted inside him.”可知，此
处应表示埃文斯会像他的向日葵一样闪耀。故选C项。
（2023 上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·高三校联考期末）For 35 years, Floyd Martin has delivered the mail to
residents in Marietta, Georgia. On the day of his 31 , the entire community 32 to honor this 33
mailman.
Martin became a postal worker with the United States Postal Service shortly after he graduated from high
school and made many friends over the years. A little girl named Mae 34 the story of how she dressed like
Martin for Career Day at school. “I was so honored,” the mailman said. “It 35 my heart.” Mae is one of the
many kids in the 36 that love to see the mailman. That’s because Martin often gives kids candies. And it’s
not just the children who get 37 . He also gives snacks to cats and dogs he comes across, too.
38 the packages he delivers and the treats he gives, Martin provides the neighborhood with something
more 39 : kindness. Some neighbor s 40 their mailboxes with flowers, balloons and signs, and the
celebration continued when his final day of work ended.
More than 300 neighbors attended the neighborhood party honoring Martin. Several stood up and said kind
words to honor him. Then, Martin rose to thank the neighborhood. “Thank you for 41 me. We’ve gone
through good times and bad times together.” He said 42 he had lost his parents and many of his friends, he
knows he still has friends in the Mariett a neighborhood. “You are all here,” he said. “You were there when I 43
you, although you didn’t know it.”
Martin doesn’t have any children of his own. 44 , he knows that even in retirement, he can return to
this neighborhood and see the hundreds of kids and friends who love him. “I love you guys. I say that. I mean it,”
he said. “And that’s what the world needs more of now love, caring and 45 and taking care of one
another.”31．A．retirement B．presentation C．election D．promotion
32．A．broke down B．showed up C．dropped out D．cut in
33．A．skilled B．ambitious C．strict D．beloved
34．A．made B．adapted C．shared D．shortened
35．A．touched B．followed C．disturbed D．attacked
36．A．office B．park C．supermarket D．neighborhood
37．A．tasks B．allowances C．treats D．suggestions
38．A．Regardless of B．Aside from C．Far from D．In case of
39．A．invisible B．abstract C．complex D．meaningful
40．A．decorated B．painted C．designed D．covered
41．A．putting up withB．calling for C．caring about D．living up to
42．A．even though B．unless C．until D．supposing that
43．A．suspected B．described C．criticized D．needed
44．A．Otherwise B．Furthermore C．However D．Besides
45．A．hatred B．sympathy C．complaint D．annoyance
【答案】31．A 32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．D 37．C 38．B 39．D
40．A 41．C 42．A 43．D 44．C 45．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员Floyd Martin退休那天，整个社区的人都来纪念这位心
爱的邮递员。文章介绍了马丁和社区人们之间的日常交往和深厚联系。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他退休的那天，整个社区的人都来纪念这位心爱的邮递员。A. retirement
退休；B. presentation展示会；C. election选择；D. promotion晋升。根据后文“he knows that even in
retirement”指邮递员退休了。故选A。
32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在他退休的那天，整个社区的人都来纪念这位心爱的邮递员。A. broke
down出故障；B. showed up出现；C. dropped out辍学；D. cut in插嘴。根据后文“More than 300 neighbors
attended the neighborhood party honoring Martin .(300多名邻居参加了纪念马丁的社区聚会)”可知，整个社区
的人都来纪念这位心爱的邮递员。故选B。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他退休的那天，整个社区的人都来纪念这位心爱的邮递员。A. skilled
熟练的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. strict严格的；D. beloved钟爱的。根据后文“he can return to this
neighborhood and see the hundreds of kids and friends who love him (他可以回到这个社区，看到数百个爱他的
孩子和朋友)”可知，马丁深受社区人们的喜爱。故选D。34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个名叫梅的小女孩分享了她在学校职业日穿得像马丁的故事。A. made
制作；B. adapted使适应；C. shared分享；D. shortened缩短。根据后文“the story of how she dressed like
Martin for Career Day at school”指女孩分享了她在学校职业日穿得像马丁的故事。故选C。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“它触动了我的心。”A. touched触动；B. followed跟随；C. disturbed打
扰；D. attacked攻击。根据上文“I was so honored”马丁感到荣幸，女孩的行为触动了他。故选A。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：梅是附近许多喜欢看邮递员的孩子之一。A. office办公室；B. park公园；
C. supermarket超市；D. neighborhood邻居。呼应上文“the entire community”可是梅是附近社区的孩子。故
选D。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不仅仅是孩子们得到了糖果。A. tasks任务；B. allowances津贴；C. treats
甜食，款待；D. suggestions建议。根据上文“That’s because Martin often gives kids candies.(那是因为马丁经
常给孩子们糖果)”指马丁会给孩子们甜食吃，故选C。
38．考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了他送的包裹和他给的食物，马丁给邻居们提供了更有意义的东西：善
良。A. Regardless of不管；B. Aside from除了……之外；C. Far from远离；D. In case of如果。根据后文
“the packages he delivers and the treats he gives, Martin provides the neighborhood with something more”可知，
除了他送的包裹和他给的食物，马丁给邻居们提供了更有意义的东西。故选B。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了他送的包裹和他给的食物，马丁给邻居们提供了更有意义的东西：
善良。A. invisible看不见的；B. abstract抽象的；C. complex复杂的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据后文
“kindness”善良是比他送的包裹和食物更有意义的东西。故选D。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些邻居用鲜花、气球和标语装饰他们的邮箱，在他最后一天的工作结束
后，庆祝活动仍在继续。A. decorated装饰；B. painted油漆；C. designed设计；D. covered覆盖。根据后文
“their mailboxes with flowers, balloons and signs”指用鲜花、气球和标语装饰他们的邮箱，故选A。
41．考查动词短语辨析。句意：谢谢你们关心我。A. putting up with忍受；B. calling for要求；C. caring
about关心；D. living up to不辜负。根据上文可知马丁退休的这天，邻居都来庆祝，体现了邻居对马丁的
关心。故选C。
42．考查连词词义辨析。句意：他说，尽管他失去了父母和许多朋友，但他知道他在玛丽埃特社区仍然有
朋友。A. even though即使，尽管；B. unless除非；C. until直到；D. supposing that假设。此处引导让步状
语从句，表示“尽管”应用even though。故选A。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我需要你们的时候，你们就在那里，尽管你们不知道。”A. suspected
怀疑；B. described描述；C. criticized批评；D. needed需要。根据上文“he knows he still has friends in the
Mariett a neighborhood.”可知，马丁需要朋友的时候，玛丽埃特社区的人就一直在。故选D。44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，他知道，即使退休了，他也可以回到这个社区，看到数百个爱他的
孩子和朋友。A. Otherwise否则；B. Furthermore此外；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。结合前后文语
境可知为转折关系，应用however。故选C。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是世界现在更需要的爱、关心、同情和相互照顾。”A. hatred憎恨；
B. sympathy同情；C. complaint投诉；D. annoyance烦恼。根据上文“love, caring and”以及后文“taking
care of one another”指世界需要的爱、关心、同情和相互照顾，选项sympathy与前后文单词情感色彩一致。
故选B。
