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专题 07 细节理解题
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 细节理解题
【高考解密】
命题点01 直接信息题
命题点02 间接信息题
命题点03 数字计算题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案
05创新好题·分层练考点 考查内容 高考考题设问
核心价值：
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳 2023新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、
全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化 T26、T28、T33
的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育
细 融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动 2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、
促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加 T23、T24、T25、T27、T29、T32、T35
节 跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动
意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022 年全
理
国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，
2022·新高考I卷T22、T25、T26、T27、
解 阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇 T32、T33
旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情
题 趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山 2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、
区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在 T23、T25、T26、T27、T29、T34
引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精
2021·新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、
神。
T26、T27、T28、T32
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素
养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新 2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、
旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收 T23、T24、T27、T28、T30、T32、
糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学 T33、T34
生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的
能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相
关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研
究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救
坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此
关爱的和谐人际关系。
学科素养：
1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人
与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广
泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、
美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文
化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人
功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。
2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体
难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及
基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查
学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。
考点 细节理解题
命题点01 直接信息题
典例01
【2023年全国乙卷A篇段】PRACTITIONERS
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in
Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She
moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
.
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】D
【解析】文章最后一个人物介绍的第二句原词出现the first African American woman，可知，Rebecca Lee
Crumpler是第一个拥有医学学位的非裔美国人。典例02
（2023年新高考I卷A 篇片段）
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and
much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy
your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
3. Where does the guided city tour start?
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting
at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场
开始。故选D。
典例03
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
A
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programmes throughout the park, and throughout the
year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programmes this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from
the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy
your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long
as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Centre.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colours of the
canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographerscontinue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for
this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on programme to inspire
new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
21.Which of the four programmes begins the earliest?
A.Photography Workshops.
B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
【答案】D
【文章定位】根据各个活动的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)”、“Junior
Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)”、“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)”及
“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)”可知，答案为D。
命题点02 间接信息题
典例01
（2023年新高考I卷B篇片段）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
【答案】 C
【解析】细节理解题。对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore
the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became
clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to
wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时
候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小
生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”
以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature
and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-
causing chemicals?(在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为
什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故
选C。
典例02
【2023年全国甲卷B篇片段】
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from
losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
【答案】 A
【解析】根据本段最后一句“ “So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. ”可知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一
样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。
命题点03 数字计算题
典例01
【2023全国乙卷C篇片段】According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watchingcookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider
variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients
than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their
cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession
(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are
broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys
to like cooking.
10. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
【答案】10. D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料)
than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一
的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更
好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
典例02
【2018·全国Ⅰ卷 C 篇片段】At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these
languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by
many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200
Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New
Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means
that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
34．How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A．About 6,800 . B．About 3,400
C．About 2,400 D．About 1,200.
【答案】B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median
number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer
people than that. 可知，目前世界上大约有6800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400。故选
B。细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生
准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的
“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内
容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细
节。
常见的命题方式通常有：
1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以According to… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________.
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________.
（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ .
（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养
自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的
方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用
略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了
运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：
（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其
相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获
取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地
将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原
文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有
关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系
将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。考向01-直接信息题
（2023上·吉林通化·高三梅河口市第五中学校考期中）Adolescence (青春期) is a stressful time. From
friends to families, from home to school, stressful situations become common. Now, a new study shows an
unexpected factor (因素) might cause teens to respond strongly to stress.
Jonas Miller, a psychologist at Stanford University, wanted to know whether air pollution might affect teens’
response to stress. his team recruited (招募) 144 tweens and teens for the study, most of whom lived in or near San
Francisco, which ranks among the ten U.S. cities having the worst air quality. The researchers used data on air
pollution collected by the city to see how polluted the air was near each recruit’s home. They then collected
physical. and social information about the students and invited them to participate in a stressfuf.test.
Before the test, the researchers used sensors to record participants’ heart rate and sweat levels for five minutes-
as they rested. Then the test began. A researcher read aloud the beginning of a story and told each participant to
make up an exciting ending, which they would have to memorize and present aloud to a judge. After finishing this
task, the judge had the participant do math problems. If they made a mistake, they had to start over. The whole
time, sensors recorded heart rate and sweat levels.
At rest, all the students had similar heart rates and sweat levels, Miller found. But as the test got tough, kids
from neighborhoods with more air pollution reacted more strongly to stress. Their heartbeats became irregular.
They sweated more than teens who lived in cleaner places.
Miller looked at other possible causes of those strong reactions in the students. including their height and
weight, stage of adolescence, family income and neighborhood. None of them explained the stronger stress
response. Such responses are linked to negative feelings, Miller notes. Over time, these responses can “contribute to
problems with both physical and mental health”.
“This is an interesting study,” says Anjum Hajat, an epidemiologist who studies the causes of disease. Miller’s
study “provides unique evidence of the negative health impacts of air pollution among adolescents,” Hajat says.
2．What were participants asked to do in the stressful test?
A．Retell an exciting story. B．Invent an ending to a story.
C．Make up an amusing story. D．Find the mistakes in a story.
3．What did Miller take into consideration when analyzing his research results?
A．Parents’ income. B．Parents’ education.C．Children’ s mental health. D．Child-parent relationship.
【答案】 2．B 3. A
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A researcher read aloud the beginning of a story and told each participant to
make up an exciting ending, which they would have to memorize and present aloud to a judge”可知，在压力测试
中，一位研究人员会大声朗读故事的开头，然后让每个参与者编出故事的结尾，并大声叙述给评委。故选
B。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Miller looked at other possible causes of those strong reactions in the
students, including their height and weight, stage of adolescence, family income and neighborhood”可知，Miller
还研究了其他可能导致青少年强烈反应的因素，包括他们的身高和体重、处于青春期的哪个阶段、家庭收
入和邻里关系。A项“Parents’ income.(父母收入)”属于家庭收入。故选A。
考向02-间接信息题
（2023·四川成都·校联考二模）A team of researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed
an artificial finger that was able to identify certain surface materials with 90% accuracy.
In their paper the group describes how they used triboelectric (摩擦电)sensors to give their test finger an
ability to gain a sense of touch. Previous research has led to the development of robotic fingers that have the ability
to recognize certain attributes of certain surfaces, such as pressure or temperature. However, the team has taken
one step further by adding the ability to identify a material itself.
The finger was created by applying small square sensors to the tip of a finger-shaped object: Each of the
squares was made of a different kind of plastic polymer (聚合物), each chosen because of their unique electrical
properties. When such sensors are moved close to an object, electrons from the sensors interact with materials in
unique ways.
The sensors beneath the polymer were all connected to their own processors (处理器) inside of the finger,
which were then connected together to allow for comparison of results- and for machine learning-based data
analysis. The researchers also attached a tiny LCD screen for displaying results.
The researchers then tested their finger by having it touch various flat surfaces such as those made of glass,wood, plastic and silicon. They found it capable of identifying the right material 96.8% of the time, with a
minimum accuracy of 90% for all of the surfaces. The researchers also tested the finger for endurance and found
that it held up well enough for industrial applications.
The researchers think that their finger could be connected directly to a control mechanism in industry. They
also note that such a finger could also be used on a full-sized human robot. They point out that the technology could
likely be used in prosthetic (假肢) devices to help restore a certain degree of touch for people who have lost such
an ability.
10．What can we learn about the artificial finger?
A．The sensors in the finger can do the analysis themselves.
B．The plastic polymer chosen has the ‘same electrical properties.
C．The electrons can react with the surface that the finger touches.
D．Electrons from its sensors can differently interact with materials.
11．How did the researcher learn about the results?
A．An LCD screen will show them the results.
B．The artificial finger can display the results directly.
C．They can work out the results using special software.
D．Processors inside the finger will send them messages.
【答案】 10．D 11．A
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“When such sensors are moved close to an object, electrons from the sensors
interact with materials in unique ways.(当这种传感器靠近物体时，来自传感器的电子以独特的方式与材料相
互作用)” 可知，来自传感器的电子与材料的相互作用方式不同。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers also attached a tiny LCD screen for displaying results.(研究人
员还安装了一个微小的LCD屏幕来显示结果)”可知，液晶显示屏会显示结果。故选A。
如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，
Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they’re close to a
solution(解决方案).“We don’t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says
Florence Gold，a project manager.
33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B.To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D.To link space technology with school education.
【答案】D
【解析】本题可以根据特殊定位词HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high
school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，
故答案为D。
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考
的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选
是名词，其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt
offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good
Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home，
preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11.
25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cooking materials for her.
B.He prepares food for her kids.
C.He assists her in cooking matters.
D.He invites guest families for her.
【答案】C
【解析】由于比较醒目人名Matt Tebbutt和 Susanna在文中出现多次，所以不能作为定位词。本题可以利用题干中的动词help来定位，从而找到原文信息“with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to
reduce food waste”。
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就
失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定
位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建
议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才
能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
Duration：3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of
Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they
blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
【答案】A
【解析】本题可以用同义词定位：book in advance ＝reserve“预约”。根据第一条自行车旅行路线中的
“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！”可知，选择这条自行车旅行路
线需要提前预订。
（2023上·江苏·高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考期中）Camping tips: Which overnight wildernessexperience is right for you?
If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further. This article is for camping rookies, those who have never
slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched ( 搭建) a tent since their youth but are seriously thinking about
overnighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its most basic, car camping involves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fold-up chair, cooler and camp stove into
your vehicle and staying at a drive-up campground. Nearly every national park, and many state and county parks
and private facilities, offer drive-up campgrounds with restrooms, potable water, fire rings or pits, and maybe even
hot showers. So there are lots of choices.
The downside of car camping is the fact that these campgrounds are often packed with other campers. Not a
lot of privacy, they can be noisy, and possibly hinder (阻碍) your quest of communing with nature.
Backpacking
No vehicle required; just your feet and a good pair of hiking boots or shoes to get you to the next overnight
spot. A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors.
Different from maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All you really need are a
backpack, sleeping bag, water bottle, small first-aid kit, enough food to last the entire travel. It can be done just
about anywhere on the planet.
Boat Camping
While this does involve owning or renting a watercraft or using a ferry or water taxi service to reach the
overnight site, camping via canoe, kayak, raft or boat offers a similar get-away-from-it-all adventure as
backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and boaters usually prefer to camp on their own along a quiet shoreline. But many
adventure or wilderness outfitters offer guided trips that can last anywhere from a couple of days to two or three
weeks. With a boat, you can sometimes camp places that not even backpackers can reach.
1．Who are the intended readers?
A．Red-blooded males. B．White-collar staff.
C．Green-hand campers. D．Blue-blooded tourists.
2．What can you learn from the passage?
A．Boat camping offers the same adventures as backpacking.
B．Backpacking allows you to communicate with nature deeply.C．Car camping is the most economical way to experience nature.
D．The drive-up campgrounds provide people with private environment.
3．In which column will you find this passage?
A．Business. B．Entertainment. C．Style. D．Travel.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要给露营新手介绍了几种露营方式和建议。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further. This article is for camping
rookies, those who have never slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched (搭建) a tent since their youth but are
seriously thinking about overnighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一个有经验的背包客，不要再往下读了。这
篇文章是写给露营新手的，他们从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，但正在认真考虑在野
外过夜。)”可知，这篇文章是写给那些没有在野外露营过，但是正在认真考虑在野外露营的新手；由此可
知，这篇文章的目标读者是露营新手。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据“Backpacking”下文介绍第一段中的“A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most
immersive way to experience the great outdoors. (多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式。)”
可知，背包旅行可以让你以身临其境的方式去体验户外美景；由此可知，背包旅行可以亲身体验户外美景，
与大自然进行深入的交流。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Camping tips: Which overnight wilderness experience is right for you?(露
营小贴士：哪种夜间荒野体验最适合你？)”以及第一段“If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further.
This article is for camping rookies, those who have never slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched (搭建) a tent
since their youth but are seriously thinking about overnighting in the wilderness. (如果你是一个有经验的背包客，
不要再往下读了。这篇文章是写给露营新手的，他们从年轻时就没有在星空下睡过觉，也没有搭过帐篷，
但正在认真考虑在野外过夜。)”可知，文章主要讲的是针对于露营新手的几种露营方式和建议；由此推知，
你可能在旅行板块一栏找到这篇文章。故选D项。
（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye
garden for its Chelsea Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has
come again, with hand tie-dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years.
The revival has been encouraged by Covid lockdowns, “which allowed people to explore the craft at home,”
says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on
in quite the same way if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon
emissions to animal cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. “Put it this way, 97% of dyes used in theindustry are petrochemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashion consultant Jackie Andrews, who
helped advise the UN Ethical Fashion Initiative. “We’ve got net zero targets which mean we’re going to have to
remove all those petrochemicals from the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the industry is responsible for up to
one-fifth of all industrial water pollution — due to the fact that most clothes today are produced in poorer countries
where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly into rivers and streams,
poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on them.
It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to
natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with
natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over
time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. This is why,
while beginners start with simply changing their clothes’ color, new worlds open. Many of today’s natural dyers
grow their own dye plants, run local community workshops, and advocate for change in industrialized fashion
systems and beyond.
4．What is the main reason for the growing discomfort mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．The adoption of petrochemical-based dyes.
B．The challenging net zero targets to be achieved.
C．The fashion industry’s focus on luxurious designs.
D．The disturbing consequences of the fashion industry.
5．The author illustrates “Fashion is a huge polluter” by ______.
A．making a comparison B．giving examples
C．listing numbers D．introducing a new topic
6．What does the underlined phrase “a quiet act of rebellion” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．A protest against turning to natural fiber.
B．An objection to upcycling old clothing.
C．A struggle for a sustainable fashion industry.
D．A resistance to vibrant colors in natural dyeing.
7．What would be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．The Environmental Impact of Natural Dyeing
B．Fashion Revolution’s Dye Garden PresentationC．The Return of Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D．The Petrochemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．C 7．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍天然染色工艺的回归。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on in quite the same way
if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon emissions to animal
cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. (然而，如果不是因为人们对时尚的沉重足迹不断感到不安，
这种做法不太可能以同样的方式流行起来。从碳排放到虐待动物，时尚都受到了广泛的关注。)”可知，时
尚业也存在碳排放到虐待动物问题，所以人们感到不适是因为时尚产业令人不安的后果。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the
industry is responsible for up to one-fifth of all industrial water pollution — due to the fact that most clothes today
are produced in poorer countries where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped
directly into rivers and streams, poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on
them. (时尚是一个巨大的污染源。根据联合国环境规划署的数据，该行业造成了高达五分之一的工业水污
染，因为目前大多数服装都是在监管薄弱、执法力度更弱的贫穷国家生产的。废水被直接倾倒到河流和溪
流中，毒害了土地以及依赖它们的人和动物的水源。)”可知，这一段利用实际例子来说明时尚是一个巨大
的污染源。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据第四段“It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well
as clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property
of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has
grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of
rebellion. (很容易理解为什么一个关心人、地球、动物以及衣服的人会转向天然植物染色。从原料的美丽
（通常是野生植物）到只与棉花和亚麻等天然纤维结合的特性，从随着时间的推移变灰或褪色的旧衣服的
微小足迹到充满活力和持久的染色效果，植物染色感觉就像是a quiet act of rebellion。)”可知，这里是描述
指物染色和化学染色不一样，所以它是对化学染色的反抗，是对可持续发展的维护。a quiet act of rebellion
的意思应该是“为可持续发展而做的斗争”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye garden for its Chelsea
Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has come again, with hand tie-
dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years. (2022年，时尚革命运动组织切尔西染料花园在切尔西花
展上亮相。天然染色是一种古老的工艺，它的时代又来了，近年来手工扎染的时尚也卷土重来。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍天然染色工艺的回归，C项“天然染色的回归与伦理诉求”符合文意。故选C。
（2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）I was driving when my phone alerted me to a new
email. Filled with eager anticipation, I pulled over, turned on my hazard lights, and opened it. My emotions quickly
changed as I learned, for the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a promotion to full professor. My
institution didn’t seem to value what I brought to the table. But when I told my family that night, my children
offered a surprisingly positive response. They were excited to see what I was going to do next, they said. They
apparently knew long before I did that losing my bid for a promotion would turn out to be the best thing that could
have happened for me.
This had been the final step in a long process spanning 15 months and involving so much effort. I had started
by studying successful promotion bids and asking senior scholars for frank discussions about my readiness. I had
carefully prepared my application packet, summarizing everything I had achieved in my career. For more than a
year, I had spent hours every day trying to prove my worth to my university.
To my surprise, having a final answer brought a welcome sense of closure. As a first step toward healing, I
decided to prioritize my own values and follow my own internal compass. I disconnected from people in my life
who violated my values, cultivated my relationships with those who share my priorities and bring out the best in
me, and spent more time with my family. I founded a nonprofit that helps first-generation and low-income students
and young professionals advance in the workforce while serving their community. The initiative had long been a
dream of mine, but I never pursued it because typical academic hiring and promotion don’t reward such efforts.
Now, such considerations were no longer my North Star.
Five months after that email from top leadership, I found myself in the car again, experiencing another career-
defining moment. I may have lost my bid for a big promotion, but in the end, it brought me to the right place.
8．What did the author feel after he read the email?
A．Anxious and annoyed. B．Embarrassed and ashamed.
C．Relieved and peaceful. D．Disappointed and sorrowful.
9．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．What contributions the writer had made. B．What preparations the writer had made.
C．How successful the career had been. D．How tiring the process had been.
10．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with?
A．Success is more than a title or a rank.
B．One’s internal compass is to be developed.C．Serving the community may heal a broken heart.
D．One’s real value first lies in his family interaction.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Emails: my North Star
B．Full professor: a double-edged sword
C．A career setback becomes a great opportunity
D．An academic career witnesses a failed promotion
【答案】8．D 9．B 10．A 11．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在自己多次申请正教授被拒后，思想方面发生了转变，以
及最后找到另一份更好的工作的经历。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Filled with eager anticipation, I pulled over, turned on my hazard lights, and
opened it. My emotions quickly changed as I learned, for the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a
promotion to full professor. My institution didn’t seem to value what I brought to the table.(我满怀期待地把车停
在路边，打开危险灯，打开车门。当我第六次也是最后一次得知自己被拒绝晋升为正教授时，我的情绪迅
速发生了变化。我所在的机构似乎并不看重我带来的东西。)”可知，作者满怀期待打开邮件，却发现自己
再一次被拒绝，由此可推知，作者读完邮件之后的心情应该是失望的和悲伤的。故选D。
9．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“This had been the final step in a long process spanning 15 months and
involving so much effort. I had started by studying successful promotion bids and asking senior scholars for frank
discussions about my readiness. I had carefully prepared my application packet, summarizing everything I had
achieved in my career. For more than a year, I had spent hours every day trying to prove my worth to my university.
(这是一个长达15个月的漫长过程的最后一步，涉及了如此多的努力。我从研究成功的晋升案例开始，并
请资深学者坦率地讨论我的准备情况。我仔细准备了我的申请材料，总结了我在职业生涯中取得的所有成
就。在一年多的时间里，我每天都花几个小时来证明我对学校的价值。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了作者做
了怎样的准备。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The initiative had long been a dream of mine, but I never pursued it
because typical academic hiring and promotion don’t reward such efforts. Now, such considerations were no longer
my North Star.(这个计划一直是我的梦想，但我从未追求过，因为典型的学术招聘和晋升不会奖励这种努力。
现在，这样的考虑不再是我的北极星。)”和文章最后一段“I may have lost my bid for a big promotion, but in
the end, it brought me to the right place.(我可能失去了一次大的晋升机会，但最终，它把我带到了正确的地
方。)”可推知，作者可能会同意成功不仅仅是一个头衔或地位。故选A。11．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Five months after that email from top leadership, I found myself in the
car again, experiencing another career-defining moment. I may have lost my bid for a big promotion, but in the end,
it brought me to the right place.(收到那封来自高层领导的电子邮件五个月后，我发现自己又坐在车里，经历
了另一个职业生涯的决定性时刻。我可能失去了一次大的晋升机会，但最终，它把我带到了正确的地
方。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者在自己多次申请正教授被拒后，思想方面发生了转变，以及
最后找到另一份更好的工作的经历。由此可知，C项：A career setback becomes a great opportunity(事业上的
挫折会变成一次绝好的机会)是最好的标题。故选C。
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区良乡中学校考期中）My son just turned 14 and does not have a
smartphone. When he graduated from Grade 8, he was the only kid in his class without one. He asks for a phone
now that he’s going to high school. I say no, he asks why, I explain(yet again), and he pushes back.
“You can choose to do things differently when you’re a parent,” I told him. But sometimes, I wonder if I’m
being too stubborn or unfair.
The more I research, the more confident I feel in my decision. Many studies link the current mental health
crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize, namely, the shift from in-person to online
interaction.
But other parents challenge my perspective. “He must feel so left out!” Then there are the parents who tell me
with profound sadness that they wish they had delayed their teenager’s phone ownership longer than they did. They
urge me to hold out.
If teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 are truly spending an average of 8 hours 39 minutes per day on
their devices, as stated in a 2021 survey conducted by the non-profit research organization Common Sense Media,
then what are they not doing? Kids absorbed in their devices are missing out on real life, and that strikes me as
really sad.
I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of. I want it to be full of adventures,
imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort out himself—and emerge stronger—without asking
for me at the push of a button.
The easiest and simplest way to achieve these goals is to delay giving him a smartphone.
Some think my son is missing out or falling behind, but he is not. He does well in school and extracurricular
activities, hangs out with his friends in person, and moves independently around our small town. He swears (发誓)
he’ll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed
the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been so absorbed in his friend’s iPad.If that is his version of admitting I’m right, I’ll take it.
12．What is the author’s primary concern regarding giving her son a smartphone?
A．Her son’s social life. B．Her son’s well-being.
C．Her son’s time management. D．Her son’s academic performance.
13．What is the main point the author intends to express in paragraph 5?
A．Her doubts about the reliability of a teenage survey.
B．The rise of smartphone addiction among teenagers.
C．The potential negative effects of excessive phone usage.
D．The factors contributing to teenage smartphone addiction.
14．What quality does the text suggest the author wants her son to develop in his childhood?
A．Team spirit B．Leadership
C．Self-reliance D．Critical thinking
15．What can be inferred about the author’s son?
A．He is struggling academically.
B．He no longer desires a smartphone.
C．He is easily influenced by his friends.
D．He has realized the drawbacks of excessive screen time.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者反对儿子使用手机的原因。
12．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“The more I research, the more confident I feel in my decision. Many
studies link the current mental health crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize,
namely, the shift from in-person to online interaction. (我研究得越多，我对自己的决定就越有信心。许多研究
将当前青少年的心理健康危机与他们社交方式的根本变化联系起来，即从面对面互动转向在线互动。)”可
知，关于给儿子一部智能手机，作者基本的担心是孩子的心理健康。故选B。
13．主旨大意题。由文章第五段“If teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 are truly spending an average of 8
hours 39 minutes per day on their devices, as stated in a 2021 survey conducted by the non-profit research
organization Common Sense Media, then what are they not doing? Kids absorbed in their devices are missing out
on real life, and that strikes me as really sad. (非营利研究机构常识媒体在2021年进行的一项调查显示，如果
13至18岁的青少年真的每天平均花费8小时39分钟在他们的电子设备上，那么他们没有做什么？沉迷于
电子设备的孩子们正在错过真实的生活，这让我感到非常难过。)”可知，本段主要讲述过度使用电话的潜
在负面影响。故选C。14．推理判断题。由文章第六段“I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of. I
want it to be full of adventures, imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort out himself—and
emerge stronger—without asking for me at the push of a button. (我希望我的儿子有一个他感到满意和自豪的童
年。我希望它充满冒险，充满想象力的游戏和身体上的挑战，他必须自己解决这些问题，并变得更强大，
而不是一按按钮就问我。)”可知，文本表明作者希望她的儿子在童年时期发展出自力更生的品质。故选
C。
15．推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段“Some think my son is missing out or falling behind, but he is not. He
does well in school and extracurricular activities, hangs out with his friends in person, and moves independently
around our small town. He swears(发誓)he’ll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday, and I tell him that’s fine.
But recently, he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been
so absorbed in his friend’s iPad. (有些人认为我的儿子错过了或落后了，但他不是。他在学校和课外活动中表
现出色，和朋友们一起出去玩，在我们的小镇上独立活动。他发誓总有一天会给自己14岁的儿子一部手机，
我告诉他没关系。但最近，他承认，他在开车去附近一座山的路上错过了美丽的风景，因为他太专注于朋
友的iPad了。)”可知，作者的儿子已经意识到屏幕时间过长的弊端。故选D。
（2023上·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）For Vishwanath Mallabadi from Bangalore, India, there
is no such thing as a useless object or “waste”. Give him anything—abandoned metal or plastic items, old devices,
dysfunctional printed circuit boards — and he’ll create art out of it.
Vishwanath’s passion is particularly relevant in the current age, where India generates more e-waste than it can
recycle. From 2019 to 2020, the country generated a total of more than 1 million tonnes of e waste. Of this, only
22.7 percent was collected, taken apart and recycled. The eco-artist has upcycled and transformed nearly 200 kg of
e-waste into usable products and proposes eco-art as a means to deal with waste management.
Vishwanath’s father, D M Shambhu, was a famous sculptor and painter, but he wanted his son to choose
medicine and become a doctor. However, Vishwanath, who was interested in upcycling second-hand objects right
from childhood, decided to pursue a BFA in Applied Art. He later went on to work in a company as a high-level
administrator and retired two years ago. “In my free time and during the weekends. I used to conduct experiments
in e-waste and try to develop something unique,” he recalled.
So far, the eco-artist has created more than 500 objects. These include a six-foot tall sculpture made from
upcycled computer keyboard keys, and a painting inspired by Vincent Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, using
upcycled resistors (电阻器) on wood. Among his other artworks are a 42×38 inch figure statue created from
upcycled keyboard keys on a sun board finished with plastics, a deer made of colorful used wires, plants andflowers from computer parts, and eco jewellery from upcycled digital wrist watch parts.
“The work involves selecting the e-waste objects—the texture, shape, and colour etc, and visualising and
conceptualising the final product. It might take weeks and months for sculptures. However, sustainable initiatives
and upcycled art are nowadays in demand in multinational companies opting for a sustainable culture,” he said.
16．What does the author try to convey in paragraph 2?
A．The seriousness of e-waste in India.
B．Vishwanath’s passion for environment protection.
C．The achievements of waste management in India.
D．Vishwanath’s attitude towards dealing with e-waste.
17．What did Vishwanath work as before retiring?
A．A passionate eco-artist. B．A private doctor.
C．A famous sculptor. D．A senior manager.
18．Which of the artworks were made of the same materials?
A．The deer and the plants. B．The sculpture and the figure statue.
C．The painting and the flowers. D．The deer and the eco jewellery.
19．What does Vishwanath think of his working on eco-art?
A．Exciting but unprofitable. B．Creative but useless.
C．Demanding but worthwhile. D．Efficient but costly.
【答案】16．A 17．D 18．B 19．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍印度生态艺术家Vishwanath的爱好和成就。
16．推理判断题。根据第二段前三句“Vishwanath’s passion is particularly relevant in the current age, where
India generates more e-waste than it can recycle. From 2019 to 2020, the country generated a total of more than 1
million tonnes of e waste. Of this, only 22.7 percent was collected, taken apart and recycled. (Vishwanath的热情在
当今时代尤为重要，因为印度产生的电子垃圾比它能回收的还要多。从2019年到2020年，该国共产生了
100多万吨电子垃圾。其中，只有22.7%被收集、拆解和回收。)”可知，本段主要介绍印度电子垃圾的处理
现状十分严重。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“He later went on to work in a company as a high-level administrator and
retired two years ago. (他后来在一家公司担任高级管理人员，并于两年前退休。)”可知，他退休前是一名企
业高管。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段第二三句“These include a six-foot tall sculpture made from upcycled computer
keyboard keys, and a painting inspired by Vincent Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, using upcycled resistors (电阻器)on wood. Among his other artworks are a 42×38 inch figure statue created from upcycled keyboard keys on a sun
board finished with plastics, a deer made of colorful used wires, plants and flowers from computer parts, and eco
jewellery from upcycled digital wrist watch parts. (其中包括一个六英尺高的雕塑，由升级回收的电脑键盘制
成，以及一幅灵感来自文森特·梵高的《星夜》的画作，该画作使用了升级回收的电阻器。在他的其他作品
中，有一个42×38英寸的人物雕像，用塑料制成的太阳板上的键盘键，用彩色的废旧电线制成的鹿，用电
脑零件制成的植物和花朵，以及用升级回收的数字手表零件制成的生态珠宝。)”可知，一个六英尺高的雕
塑以及一个42×38英寸的人物雕像的主要材料是回收的电脑键盘。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据末段最后两句““It might take weeks and months for sculptures. However, sustainable
initiatives and upcycled art are nowadays in demand in multinational companies opting for a sustainable culture,”
he said. (“雕塑可能需要几周甚至几个月的时间。然而，在选择可持续文化的跨国公司中，可持续发展的倡
议和升级的艺术是当今的需求，”他说。)”可知，创作雕塑品需要时间长，但是又有需求。可推断出，他
的工作费时费力但是值得。故选C。
（2023上·湖北襄阳·高三校联考期中）Now, a new trial finds antiviral medications, when given soon after a
child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病), might help preserve those vital beta (β) cells.
Antiviral drugs could be “used alone, or as part of combination treatment, to rescue insulin (胰岛素) —
producing beta cells at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes,” said a team that presented their findings at the annual meeting
of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, in Hamburg. So-called beta cells in the pancreas (胰腺) can
generate insulin. But in some cases, an uncontrolled auto-immune response causes the body to attack its own beta
cells, ruining a child’s capacity to produce insulin and cause type 1 diabetes. So people with type 1 diabetes rely on
insulin injections to maintain healthy blood sugar levels the rest of their lives.
The researchers have been investigating the root causes of the autoimmune “malfunction” behind beta cell
destruction for years, and they discovered that low-grade infections with common germs often occur in the
pancreatic cells of people newly diagnosed with type l diabetes. So what if these people were given antivirals — in
this case, pleconaril and ribavirin — to rid the pancreas of these infections?
The new trial, led by Dr. Mynarek, sought to answer that question. The team followed96 children aged 6 to 15
who were all diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in the study. The children were randomly selected to receive either the
two antiviral medicines or a placebo (无效对照剂) for six months. Mynarek’s group tracked C-peptides levels in
the blood, which “mirror the insulin production in the pancreas,” implying that the higher a child’s C-peptide levels
on tests, the better their pancreas was producing insulin. According to their findings, while C-peptide levels
dropped a full 24% in children who received the placebo, it fell by just 11% in those who got the antivirals. Thatsuggests the treatment helped protect the child’s pancreatic beta cells from destruction.
The researchers concluded that “further studies should be done to evaluate whether antiviral treatment could
delay the progression of beta-cell damage leading to clinical type l diabetes.”
20．What’s the function of beta cells?
A．To attack the viruses. B．To produce insulin.
C．To cause diabetes. D．To absorb drugs.
21．How does the new drug work for diabetes?
A．To kill the germs infecting our pancreas.B．To inject insulin to our body.
C．To help create more beta cells. D．To prevent common germs from attacks.
22．What does the trial find according to Mynarek’s group?
A．There was no obvious difference between the two groups.
B．The kids given a placebo show a higher C-peptide levels than others.
C．The kids given antiviral medicines produce more insulin than others.
D．The kids taking a placebo produce more insulin than others.
23．Which is the best title of the text?
A．The root cause of diabetes has been found
B．Beta cells could be preserved by insulin
C．Autoimmune response could cause body diabetes
D．Antiviral medicines could help ease Type l diabetes
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明服用抗病毒药物可以帮助缓解1型糖尿
病。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段“So-called beta cells in the pancreas (胰腺) can generate insulin. (胰腺中所谓的
β细胞可以产生胰岛素)”可知beta cells的功能是产生胰岛素。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据第三段“ So what if these people were given antivirals — in this case, pleconaril and
ribavirin — to rid the pancreas of these infections?(那么，如果给这些人服用抗病毒药物——在这种情况下，
是普莱纳尔和利巴韦林——来清除胰腺的这些感染呢？)”可知，新药物是通过消除胰腺的感染来治疗糖尿
病的。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段c肽水平和胰岛素分泌能力的关系“Mynarek’s group tracked C-peptides levels
in the blood, which “mirror the insulin production in the pancreas,” implying that the higher a child’s C-peptide
levels on tests, the better their pancreas was producing insulin. (Mynarek的研究小组追踪了血液中的c肽水平，
它“反映了胰腺中胰岛素的产生”，这意味着在测试中，孩子的c肽水平越高，他们的胰腺分泌胰岛素的能力就越强)”以及研究结果“According to their findings, while C-peptide levels dropped a full 24% in children
who received the placebo, it fell by just 11% in those who got the antivirals. That suggests the treatment helped
protect the child’s pancreatic beta cells from destruction. (根据他们的发现，服用安慰剂的儿童c肽水平下降了
整整24%，而服用抗病毒药物的儿童c肽水平只下降了11%)”可知，研究表明，服用抗病毒药物的儿童c
肽水平较高，即他们可分泌更多的胰岛素。故选C。
23．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Now, a new trial finds antiviral medications, when given soon after a child is
diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病), might help preserve those vital beta (β) cells. (现在，一项新的试验发现，
在孩子被诊断为1型糖尿病后立即给予抗病毒药物，可能有助于保护那些至关重要的β细胞)”可知这篇文
章是一项研究，研究表明服用抗病毒药物对诊断为1型糖尿病的儿童有帮助。由此可知，D选项“Antiviral
medicines could help ease Type l diabetes(抗病毒药物可以帮助缓解1型糖尿病)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选
D。
