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专题 26 阅读理解之七选五
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通
常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽
然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把
几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的＂积句而成章，
积章而成篇。＂就是这个道理。
分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是
分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。
语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形
式，段落（paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较
小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构
成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语
来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真
正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章
的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。
考点导航
【得分要点】
（1）在阅读过程中，重要要关注文章的首段与末段。尤其是文章的这两段的末尾
句，因为＂开门见山＂与＂末尾点题＂的写作方式是最为常见的，首段的末句一般是全文
的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲
的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主
题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有了整体的了
解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为＂结
1
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司尾总结＂式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段
的提示作用。
（2）做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索粗，
再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另
外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至
此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做
之前不确定的题目。
（3）做完后，通读全文。将所选项放入空白处，通读一遍，看看是否与上下文构成语
义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容
还是衔接上都能做到通顺。若代入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换
其它选项。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项
的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得
出正确选项。
（4）切勿随意改答案。要特别注意的是，不要仓促的改自己的之前选定的答案。做这
类的题目时，第一印象的可信度还是很高的，除非你已经常有充分的理由否定向前的选
择。
1. 如果空白在段首
(1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或
其他相关词，从而推断出主题句。
(2)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文的第一、二句，锁定线索
词，然后在选项中查找相关词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思
上是紧密衔接的。
(3)段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望，阅读上一段的结尾部分，并结合下一段的
内容，将所选的答案代入，看其是否能承上启下，将两段内容连起来。
2. 如果空白在段尾
(1)重点阅读空白前的一两句以锁定关键词。
2
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司(2)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号
词，选项中也可发现前文的同义词、句。
(3)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联
词，同时注意选项内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
(4)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是要补全说明本段主题的其他
细节，在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或
出现同义词等其他线索。前句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的，要特别注意阅读
这样相连的两句。
(5)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时
可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。
(6)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。
3. 如果空白构成一整个自然段
(1)这个段落应该起承上启下的作用，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因
此可重点阅读较长的选项，以此类推，直至找到正确答案。
(2)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句，寻找相关的线索，而且重要线
索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更重要。
(3)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项
代入原文，如果前后内容连贯，符合逻辑，即为正确答案。
【题型分析】
1、
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and
find a brightly colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great
Wall. 31
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine
that after a while, you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into
it 32 ” Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat
unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is a place for people who have given up on the
traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.
3
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has
grown to 575,217 registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago.
33 Running the website has almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a
common communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool
as it may be to receive a postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't
understand it. 34 So a common language is required and in postcrossing that's English since
it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. 35 That said, we know of
many postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills
through their use of postcrossing," Paulo says.
A. And that's totally fine
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone
far away.
2、
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 31 His friends teased him about babysitting
his sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the
neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my
mother read to me every evening. 32 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my
mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated
from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened
new worlds to me. ___33___
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with
4
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father
gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34
I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and
useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make
things with me.
35 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the
weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do
myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more.
They’re all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
3、
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 16 Do you want to be a good
public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when
you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17
Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares
about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most
people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you
make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 18
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that
takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20 It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other
hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed
5
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司to go on forever! “So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter
than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their
seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
检测训练
1、
Learning a new language like English can be a challenge.1. Classes are important, but so is
disciplined practice. It can even be fun. Here are some guidelines to help you become a better
English learner.
Study every day. Learning any new language is a time-consuming process, more than 300
hours according to some estimates. Rather than try and cram a few hours of review once or twice a
week, most experts say short, regular study sessions are more effective.2. 3. Instead of focusing
on one single task for the entire study session, try mixing things up. Study a little grammar, then
do a short listening exercise, then perhaps read an article on the same topic. Don’t do too much; 20
minutes on three different exercises is plenty. The variety will keep you engaged and make
studying more fun.
Read, watch, and listen. Reading English-language newspapers and books, listening to music,
or watching TV can also help you improve your written and verbal comprehension skills. 4.
Write it down. Repetition is key as you're learning English, so writing is a great way to practice.5.
By making a habit of writing, you’ll also find your reading and comprehension skills improve over
time. You may even discover you’ve got a talent for writing.
A. Keep things fresh.
6
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司B. Play vocabulary and grammar games.
C. But with regular study, it can be done.
D. It doesn’t matter whether you use a computer or pen and paper.
E.Non-native English speakers sometimes struggle with doing so.
F.As little as 30 minutes a day can help you improve your English skills over time.
G.By doing so repeatedly, you’ll absorb things like speech patterns, accents, and grammar.
2、
My mother is a diligent and kind woman. She is very busy from morning till night. As a
teacher, she works hard.1. Both my brother and I love her dearly as she loves us.
My mother has been teaching math at a middle school in my hometown. She goes to work
early in the morning and does not return home until late in the afternoon.2. She treats them with
patience and teaches them well. For her excellent quality and very good teaching results, she has
been elected as a model teacher several times.
3. Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework,
sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good
order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks
older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive
dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us. 4. She
just eats a plain meal outside when she is too busy to cook herself. She lives a busy yet simple life,
without any complaints.
Often she says to us, “work while you work, and play while you play. That is the way to be
happy and gay. If you do not work, you will become lazy and be of no use to society”. What a
piece of good advice this is! 5. This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior.
My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her.
A. As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.
B. She enjoys listening to classic music.
C. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.
D. She loves her students and cares for them.
E.My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.
F.Can you tell us something about your mother?
7
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司G.I never forget it and always bear it in my mind.
3、
A “gap year” is a period of time when a student takes a break before going to university, or
before a postgraduate course. 6. That helps young people with useful learning experiences, new
skills and makes them more independent. Employers and universities want to see evidence of
enterprise, maturity and commitment.
Many choose to do voluntary work. This could include teaching in the mountains in Nepal, a
conservation project in Madagascar. 7. The top five travel destinations were Tibet, Indonesia,
Taiwan, Eastern Europe and Canada.
8. Some young people look for work if they need to earn money for accommodation and
food. Popular jobs include bar work, fruit picking and being a tour guide.
Julie Taylor graduated from Hull University and now works as a manager in an international
company. She says: “During my gap year, I spent four months in Kenya teaching English, art and
physical education to children aged 8-18. 9. I am very happy that I didn’t head off to university
straight after school because I learned a lot about myself. I worked beforehand to pay for the trip,
showing I had good self-motivation and organizational skills, and I was able to get by on very
little money. Employers see that climbing to an altitude of 4,985m shows strength and
determination. 10. ”
A. How do the students like it?
B. It is often spent in traveling or working.
C. Not everyone can put that on their resumes (简历)!
D. I am very proud that I worked and travelled a lot there.
E.Lots of gap year students just want to see more of the world.
F.Then I travelled the country and even climbed Mount Kenya.
G.Most students for a gap year take on a part-time job to save up for the trip.
4、
Before COVID-19, self-care — caring for ourselves — may have not been a priority for
many people. 6. . There is no exact way to practice self-care. It includes many areas and may
look different from person to person. Here are some suggestions on what can be done.
7.
8
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司For some people, self-care may be simply slowing down. It can also mean controlling parts
of your life that you can control. This is important when the world around you feels out of control.
Learn something new
For some people, self-care might include doing things they have always wanted to do but
never made time for. 8. .
Mental health self-care
Another form of self-care is making time to meet with a mental health specialist, if needed.
The Associated Press reports that online mental health services have increased during the
pandemic. However, meeting with a mental health professional may not be possible for some
people. 9. . Meditating, writing about your feelings and problems, and organizing the physical
space around you are all forms of self-care.
Be kind to yourself — the best type of self-care
Experts remind us that self-care during the pandemic could feel like riding a rollercoaster —
up some days, down on others.
It can help to have a routine — a usual way of doing things. But experts say keep the routine
simple. 10. . Remember, be kind to yourself.
A. Never feel out of control
B. Slow down and feel in control
C. But now it is even more important than usual
D. So doctors have suggestions for other ways to reduce stress during the pandemic
E.Self-care includes both individual wellness and the wellness of the greater community
F.It is also important not to be hard on yourself if you do not keep to your routine every day
G.These things include baking, gardening, and learning a new language or some other new skills
5、
There was once a lonely girl who longed so much for love. One day while she was walking in
the woods she found two starving birds. 6. She cared them with love and the birds grew strong.
Every morning they greeted her with a wonderful song. The girl felt the great love from the birds.
7. . The larger and the stronger of the two birds flew from the cage. The girl was so
frightened that he would fly away. As he flew close, she grasped him wildly. Her heart felt glad at
her success in capturing him. 8. . She opened her hand and stared in horror at the dead bird. Her
9
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司desperate love had killed him.
She noticed the other bird moving back and forth on the edge of the cage. She could feel his
great need for freedom. He needed to fly into the clear, blue sky. 9. . The bird circled once, twice,
three times.
The girl watched delightedly at the bird’s enjoyment. 10. . She wanted the bird to be happy.
Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder. It sang the sweetest songs that she
had ever heard.
The fastest way to lose love is to hold on it too tight, while the best way to keep love is to
give it wings!
A. Her heart was no longer concerned with her loss.
B. She gave them some delicious food and left.
C. One day she left with the two birds at home alone.
D. She took them home and put them in a small cage.
E.She lifted him from the cage and threw him softly into the air.
F.One day the girl left the door of the cage open.
G.Suddenly she felt the bird go softly.
6、
My dad passed away yesterday and I am processing everything. It's hard to try and find
positivity in my pain, but my Dad taught me so much when he was healthy, and when he wasn't, I
wanted to share some of the lessons.
Be on the phone less. This one seems strange but in his final moments I was all in, no
checking my phone because it really didn't matter.11. This was a moment I needed to remember
and I would have regretted it if I was distracted in this part of his journey.
12. Sometimes we need people to lean on My mom and dad needed a lot of help. I needed a
lot of help. We were surrounded by people willing to help us and instead of shutting them out like
we've done in the past, we let them in and it was exactly what we needed.
Not everyone will understand your experience.13. Just knowing people are here for us means
a lot, but I also know that no one will fully understand my experience and that's okay as we are all
different.
Family is not necessarily the people who brought you into this world. I am adopted and I know we
1
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0
学科网（北京）股份有限公司chose each other.14. I also loved my father very much.
There's nothing more important than being with the ones you love. I was able to hold my Dad
when he took his last breath. My mom and I made sure that my dad knew he was loved through
this journey.15. Everything else is secondary.
A. All that mattered was him.
B. Love is what truly matters.
C. Surround yourself with a support system.
D. And he loved me more than anyone on this Earth.
E.It's okay not to remember the reason for everything
F.Really, we can handle more than we ever thought possible.
G.This was a long and hard journey for my mom and I and all of those who care about us.
7、
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 16. His friends teased him about babysitting his
sister and his interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the
neighborhood, I had to spend hours by myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my
mother read to me every evening. 17. I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my
mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated
from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened
new worlds to me. 18.
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with
cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father
gave me. When my mother saw my creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 19. I
learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and
useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends who wanted to make
things with me.
20. My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the
weather or season. My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do
myself. There was making leaf houses in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more.
1
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1
学科网（北京）股份有限公司They’re all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F.Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G.My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
8、
As a senior year student, you may have so many pressures coming from so many directions
that you can’t figure out what to do first.
21.
When you have many things to do and a lot of demands on your time, you can lose sight of
what’s important. One of the best ways to see the big picture – what you want out of life – is to lay
out your goals.
Pressure Points and How to Deal With Them
Confused or overwhelmed -- 22. . Discuss your concerns with a friend, parent or teacher.
They may help you find solutions to your problems and worries.
Being too hard on yourself – ease up, take a break and do something you enjoy. Daydream,
read a book, go out with friends – anything that helps you relax.
Problems, problems, problems – recognize your limits. It’s too stressful to try to deal with all
your problems at once. 23.
Goal-Setting Tips
It’s important to remember that goals belong to you – not to your parents, your teachers, or
your friends. After you’ve set your goals, identify the skills you have to achieve those goals. 24. ,
do some research. Try the library, your guidance adviser and teachers, and other people who could
help you.
25. . If your goal is something you no longer want, change it. Identify the barriers to getting
your goals. Consider ways to overcome them. Don’t get depressed by a big, long-term goal – see
what steps you can take to achieve it and set those steps down as short-term, “do-able” goals.
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司A. Too much to do
B. If you’re not sure what skills you’ll need
C. talk to someone you trust
D. Goals exist to serve you
E.Balancing goals in life
F.Choose what’s most urgent and set aside the rest until later
G.As long as you know what skill is important and what isn’t
9、
About 43 years ago, spotted an advertisement in the paper for the YMCA wilderness
program. 26. My first experience was a boat trip. I still have the images of sunrises and sunsets
with all the beautiful colours on Lake of the Woods.
27. Even now I can feel the cold water dripping down my arm as we sat in the boat pulling
the paddles awkwardly through running water. It was my first experience in a boat and my arms
became tired after many hours of paddling.
We stopped for lunch in the boat by gathering all the boats together. 28.
At night it was time to camp at our site picked out by our guide. There we learned to start
campfires and cook some of our meals. This is where fell in love with noodles. 29. We cleaned
up our mess and put up our tents and slept on the ground. We learned to carry the heavy packs to
our next destination. I developed a sense of accomplishment and had arm muscles after that trip.
There were no phones, makeup, hair dryers... just us and the bush. We came from different
backgrounds with different personalities and we all had to work together as a group.
30. . I kept a journal from that second trip and often go back to it.
A. They dropped us off in the bush.
B. I had to experience more of the wilderness.
C. I was 15 and wanted to do something different.
D. Our guide handed out chocolate, cheese, and dried meat.
E.I liked the boat trip so much that I joined the survival trip the next year.
F.It was wonderful sharing simple meals over the fire and talking with new friends.
G.As a teenager, didn’t know that I was having the best adventure a teenager could have.
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