文档内容
专题 12 七选五之依据行文手法（线索词汇+逻辑关系）解题
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 依据行文手法设题
【高考解密】
命题点01 线索词汇题
命题点02 逻辑关系题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 解释说明句易错陷阱
05创新好题·分层练考点 考查内容
核心价值：
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和
利 社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。
用 第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在美育融入试题方面，全国Ⅱ卷阅读题开启艺
术之旅的语篇，这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教
设 育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了学校园艺项目，烹饪习惯的改变等信息，涉及多种工作
场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精神。
空
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。2023 年全国卷通过选取极简主义生
位
活、群体智慧效应、印刷书籍对人类的意义，实物对历史的重要性等具有探讨性和思辨性的材
料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取建造生态机
置
器来净化污水等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通。
解
学科素养：
题 1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用
能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引
导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。
落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主
干知识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创
新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。
高考考题设问
考查类别
项目 语篇类
主题语境
卷别 型 段首 段中 段尾句
句 句
新高考Ⅰ卷
说明文 人与自我·自我原谅的一些具体方法 0 4 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 说明文 人与社会·开始艺术之旅的好建议 1 3 1
2023年1月· 人与社会·如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉
说明文 1 4 0
2023
浙江卷 快的建议
人与自我·介绍了成为一个有耐心的人
甲卷 说明文 1 3 1
的技巧
人与自然·介绍了在室内种植植物的好
乙卷 说明文 0 3 1
处以及如何选择适宜室内种植的植物
新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与社会·寻找锻炼伙伴 0 4 1
2022 甲卷 说明文 人与社会·外出用餐礼仪 1 3 1
乙卷 说明文 人与社会·如何维持友谊 3 1 1
新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 人与社会·体验巴黎人的生活 1 4 0
2021 甲卷 说明文 人与社会·旧衣物交换活动 1 4 0
乙卷 说明文 人与自我·使自己变得有趣 2 2 1
命题点01 线索词汇题
典例01
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes
but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 40. We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes
are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自我原谅的一些具体方法,其中包括列举自己的优点、列举
自己做过的好事、让别人写下自己的优点等。
40.G 根据空后内容“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop
and grow.”(我们一直在改变和学习,错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)可知,作者认为犯错并不是性格
中固有的一面,我们是通过错误来成长的。选项G “Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of
your personality.”符合语境。故选G。选项中的mistake和文章中的mistakes是原词复现。
典例02
【2023年新高考I卷】You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way,
you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine
through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any
time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】19. C
【解析】根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the
aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众
不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换
意见等。选项C “They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符
合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让
朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“Infact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实
上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一
致。故选C。
典例03
【2022·全国乙卷·节选】
·More isn't always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. 37 ．There are alternatives to constant written communication, such
as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】 空前一句提到“确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过了，了解你们想要相互联系的频率，以及哪种方
法对你们双方都最有效”，再根据空后介绍的具体的交流方式可推出，本空讲的是“朋友需要讨论各自喜
欢的交流方式”。E项中的methods与空前一句中的method为原词复现，同时E项中的communication与
空前一句中的communicated相呼应。故选E。
命题点02 逻辑关系题
典例01
【2023年1月·浙江卷】
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic
vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to
make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
____36____ But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
A．Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B．You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.D．That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E．You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F．Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G．He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【答案】D
【解析】根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out
very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when
you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最
好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁
忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要
提前计划。故选D项。设空处和前面是层递关系。
典例02
【2022·全国乙卷·节选】
·Don't rely on technology alone
40 ， but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to
sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever
possible.
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】 F
【解析】本段小标题提到不要只依靠技术，空后一句表示“远距离的友谊，即使是亲密的朋友之间，可能
需要更多有意识的努力来维持”，再根据空后的转折连词 but可知，设空处应与空后内容形成转折关系，
故F项(通过社交媒体很容易产生一种联系感)符合语境。
典例03
【2021全年国甲卷】
●Invite 5－10 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
● 18 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】G
【解析】下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their ‘new’ clothes home.(他们还
应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的‘新’衣服带回家。)”说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新
衣服”准备袋子。G项(告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服)说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，G
项中的“bring”和下文中的“carry”相呼应，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的“also”也是提示词，其
中“They”指代G项的“everyone”。故选G。
01 线索词汇题
一）高频词复现解题
1）复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概
念进行重复描述。
复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。
2）同范畴词出现
同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中
找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越
紧密。
二）代词指代法解题英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或起名词作用的短语、分句或句
子，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。代词指代一定要注意两种
情况：一是选项中的代词要特别关注，二是空格后面的句子中的代词要特别关注。
02 逻辑关系题
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常
常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以
利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根
据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
逻辑连接是组织文章最主要的方式，语义逻辑构成了语篇的框架。对常用的逻辑关系了然于心，并在阅读
时能有效地找出其连接的对应点，是学生解答“七选五”的关键。
“七选五”中常见的逻辑连接可以归类为六种：
（1）并列选择，指选项与前句或后句在结构或内容上一致；
（2）顺承递进，指后句对前句进行补充说明或语义上的延伸；
（3）转折对比，指选项与前句或后句语义相反或相对，后句往往是对前句的修正，表达作者的真正意图；
（4）因果目的，指选项与前后句构成因果关系；
（5）概括阐释，指前句对后句或后句对前句进行归纳概括，若前句归纳，后句即是对前句的具体阐释，
使得概念更加清晰易懂；若后句概括，即后句是对前句所阐释的内容进行意义整合；
（6）例证关系，指后句是前句的具体实例。
考向01-线索词汇题
1.【
2022·全国甲卷·节选】
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 37
．
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plateF．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【解析】根据本段小标题Chopstick Rules可知，本段主要讲述的是筷子的使用规则。根据上文When
you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in
front of you.可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。F项讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语
境，其中F项中的them指的是上文的chopsticks。
2.【2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测】
Like it or love it, social media is a major part of life. Teens spend more than half of their waking hours online.
They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts. ____1____
...
Joining social media can give people a sense of being in the know. But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well
our friends and others are feeling, making them appear much happier than we are. ____5____
A．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.
G．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
1．G根据空前的“They use some of that time to post pictures and create profiles on social media accounts.(他们
利用其中一些时间在社交媒体帐户上发布图片并创建个人资料。)”可知，此处讲述的是青少年们在社交媒
体中所作的事情，G选项“Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.(他们所做的
大部分工作是阅读和回复朋友和家人的帖子。)”中所描述的也是青少年在社交媒体中所做的事情，其中的
they指代与上文的teens一致。故选G。
5．E根据空前的“But posts may exaggerate (夸大) how well our friends and others are feeling, making them
appear much happier than we are.(但是帖子可能会夸大我们的朋友和其他人的感觉，使他们看起来比我们快
乐得多。)”可知，帖子可能会使得他们看起来比我们更快乐，E选项“And that can, inappropriately, make us
feel less successful than them.(这可能会不恰当地让我们觉得自己不如他们成功。)”中描述的内容与空前内容
相对应，且其中的代词them以及us空前内容指代一致。故选E。
考向02-逻辑关系题1.【2022上·山东聊城·高三校考期中】
Don’t look back.
Once you’ve taken all the necessary steps in making the right decision, don’t look back. 23 For
example, let’s say you want to quit smoking. If you never tell yourself that you will smoke again, chances are that
you won’t. However, if you open the door in your mind that only one cigarette won’t hurt, then chances are that you
will not be able to quit. 24
Talk to people and seek advice.
It’s good to get help from our peers. For decision making, you can also look for help, but do not ask someone
to make the decision for you. 25 Most of the time, we are afraid of the outcome because it’s unknown.
This is normal and we need to learn to overcome that.
A．Believe it’s the best choice and never open the door in your mind to change it.
B．Trust your peers’ judgements and decisions every now and then.
C．When it comes to the decision making in the life, you should be determined.
D．Ultimately, you’ll have to make the decision yourself with the gathered information.
E．Look at every aspect of the problem before making the decision.
F．However, most of us are incapable of making decisions and sticking by them.
G．Our thoughts are not only our greatest friend but also our most powerful enemy.
【答案】 23．A 24．G 25．D
23．上文“Once you’ve taken all the necessary steps in making the right decision, don’t look back.(一旦你采取
了所有必要的步骤来做出正确的决定，就不要回头。)”提出做好决定就不要回头，A项“Believe it’s the
best choice and never open the door in your mind to change it.(相信这是最好的选择，永远不要想去改变它。)”
承接上文，表达同样的主题，句中“never open the door in your mind to change it”照应上文“don’t look
back”，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
24．上文“For example, let’s say you want to quit smoking. If you never tell yourself that you will smoke again,
chances are that you won’t. However, if you open the door in your mind that only one cigarette won’t hurt, then
chances are that you will not be able to quit.(例如，假设你想戒烟。如果你从不告诉自己你会再次吸烟，那么
你很有可能不会再吸烟了。然而，如果你在脑海中打开一扇门，认为只抽一支烟不会有什么坏处，那么很
有可能你将无法戒烟。)”以戒烟为例说明我们思想可能造成的影响，G项“Our thoughts are not only our
greatest friend but also our most powerful enemy.(我们的思想不仅是我们最好的朋友，也是我们最强大的敌
人。)”作出总结：思想是朋友，也是敌人。故选G项。25．上文“For decision making, you can also look for help, but do not ask someone to make the decision for you.
(在做决定时，你也可以寻求帮助，但不要让别人帮你做决定。)”提出可以寻求帮助，但不能让别人帮你做
决定，D项“Ultimately, you’ll have to make the decision yourself with the gathered information.(最终，你必须
根据收集到的信息自己做出决定。)”承接上文，指出正确的方法：收集信息，自己决定，上下文语意连贯。
故选D项。
2.【2023上·江西南昌·高三校考期中】
The strain has pushed record numbers of people toward the UK’s legions of food banks providing free
groceries as wages have failed to keep pace with inflation.
The Trussell Trust, which distributes groceries to about 1,200 food banks, said last week that its network had
handed out nearly 3 million emergency food parcels in the year to the end of March. 29 , and a 37%
rise on the previous 12-month period.
“We are experiencing an unprecedented rise in the number of people coming to the food bank. 30 .”
Brian Thomas, chief executive at South Tyneside Foodbank, located in England’s northeast, said in a statement.
A．That’s a record for a single year
B．Food price rises show no signs of pulling back
C．Inflation in the UK has rocketed over the past year
D．The increasingly higher prices are beyond people’s expectations.
E．Food banks have finally removed those long-accumulated products.
F．But millions of people are struggling to make ends meet as prices rise
G．They are no longer able to balance a low income against rising living costs
【答案】29．A 30．G
29．根据空前的“The Trussell Trust, which distributes groceries to about 1,200 food banks, said last week that its
network had handed out nearly 3 million emergency food parcels in the year to the end of March.(向大约1200家
食品银行分发食品杂货的Trussell Trust上周表示，截至今年3月底，其网络点已发放了近300万份紧急食
品包裹。)”可知，食品银行截止今年3月底已经发放了近300万份紧急食品包裹，结合空后的“and a 37%
rise on the previous 12-month period.(比前12个月增长了37%。)”可知，食品银行发放的食品比前12个月增
长了37%，由此可以推断，此空讲述的内容应与食品银行发放食品的数量或者增长情况相关，A选项
“That’s a record for a single year(这是单年的记录)”中的that应指的是空前所讲述的食品银行发放的食品数
量，且与空后的“增长了37%”内容吻合。故选A项。
30．根据空前的“We are experiencing an unprecedented rise in the number of people coming to the food bank.(我们正经历着来到食品银行的人数前所未有的增长。)”可知，来到食品银行的人数前所未有的增长，G选
项“They are no longer able to balance a low income against rising living costs(他们再也无法平衡低收入和不断
上涨的生活成本。)”中的they指代的是空前的“people coming to the food bank”，且分析了为什么来食品银
行的人数前所未有的增长，符合语境。故选G项。
解释说明句易错陷阱
如果设空在段中，则首先关注选项中的人称代词如，they, he, it等和空格后面的这些人称代词。同时注重
瞻前顾后，看前后是否存在例证关系、因果关系、转折关系、递进关系等。如果考查段落间的过渡句，则
可以结合词汇复现原则看是否对上句有补充说明同时和后句有正确的逻辑关系。此类考题考生多数只看前
句，不看后句。
【江苏省镇江第一中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测】
Work from Anywhere Movement
For a lot of us, working from wherever we wanted was a bit of a dream. It would mean we’d be able to visit
family and not take holiday days. But suddenly that “dream” of not working in the office became a reality for many.
Working from home over the last years has proven that it isn’t always necessary for teams to physically be together
and there is more flexibility. There are a lot of benefits for companies and workers.
An obvious benefit for many employers is reduced costs. With a widespread workforce, there’s no need to
have an office big enough for everyone. They also save on travel costs, as meetings that once “needed” to be done
face-to-face can now be done online. 37 With the work from anywhere movement, employers can hire
global talents. They’re not restricted to people living nearby.
A．But it’s not only about money.
B．However, every coin has two sides.
C．It decreases stress and other concerns.
D．Your time is spent on the things that matter.
E．There are a lot of benefits for companies and workers.
F．Offering remote job positions makes a company more competitive.
G．Offices are increasingly where you go to put the company into company.
易错分析：1.未注重段落主旨句的理解。段中句对首句进行承接。2.设空处对上句之间有转折关系。【答案】A
【解析】根据本段首句“An obvious benefit for many employers is reduced costs. (对许多雇主来说, 一个明显
的好处是降低成本)”说明的是好处不仅仅在钱方面，对于公司招揽人才也是有利的，本段主旨是降低开
销，因此A项“但这不仅仅是钱的问题。”符合语境，故选A。
（2023上·陕西安康·高三统考期中）
Back pain can make it difficult for you to function in daily life. To be exact, it can affect how you move, feel
and think, leaving you no choice but to take some kind of action. 1
Move more
Regular movement helps keep your body flexible and pain-free, especially for your back muscles. 2 ,
set a time r to remind you to get up and move every hour. Adding about 10 minutes of activity to your day improves
your overall health and increases your length of life.
Switch sides
Using your dominant side too much can lead to muscle imbalances and more back pain and injuries. 3
, like opening doors or carrying bags, which can cause you to lean to one side. Remember to switch sides when
carrying things, try using your non-dominant hand and change where you sit on the couch to prevent this.
Correct imbalances
4 , you should also be aware of and correct imbalances in movements meant to be symmetrical (对称
的). These include walking, running, cycling, swimming and the like. Your body is designed to perform these
activities in a balanced and alternating pattern.
5
Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future, and actively being mindful of the present
moment reduces stress. Stay active, and stop thinking about the past or worrying about the future. Doing
mindfulness practices and having breathing breaks into your routine can be effective in reducing back pain.
A．Live for today
B．Remember the past
C．If you sit for a long time
D．Think about your everyday activitiesE．Just as you switch sides to balance your body
F．Because it is time to let such imbalances continue
G．Read on for the following everyday fixes to relieve the pain
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．D 4．E 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍缓解背部疼痛的一些方法。
1．上文“To be exact, it can affect how you move, feel and think, leaving you no choice but to take some kind of
action. (确切地说，它会影响你的行动、感觉和思考方式，让你别无选择，只能采取某种行动)”介绍背疼对
人的影响。结合选项，G项“Read on for the following everyday fixes to relieve the pain (继续阅读下面的日常
修复方法来缓解疼痛)”承接上文，给出缓解疼痛的方法。故选G。
2．小标题“Move more (多动)”为中心句，建议多动。下文“set a time r to remind you to get up and move
every hour. (设定一个时间，提醒你每小时起身活动一下)”给出具体的建议。结合选项，C项“If you sit for
a long time (如果你长时间坐着)”与下文之间为主从句，表示每小时活动一下的前提条件。故选C。
3．下文“like opening doors or carrying bags, which can cause you to lean to one side. (比如开门或提包，这些
都会让你身体偏向一侧。)”介绍开门或提包等这些日常活动都会让你身体偏向一侧。结合选项，D项
“Think about your everyday activities (想想你的日常活动)”与下文之间语意一致，开门或提包就是对日常活
动的列举。故选D。
4．下文“you should also be aware of and correct imbalances in movements meant to be symmetrical (对称的).
(你还应该意识到并纠正对称运动中的不平衡)”提醒人们意识到并纠正本应对称的动作中的不平衡。结合选
项，E项“Just as you switch sides to balance your body (就像你转换身体的一侧来平衡身体一样)”与下文逻辑
一致，都是为了平衡身体。故选E。
5．设空处为小标题。下文“Most mental stress is caused by focusing on the past or future, and actively being
mindful of the present moment reduces stress. (大多数精神压力都是由关注过去或未来引起的，积极关注当下
可以减少压力)”建议关注当下，而不是过去或将来。结合选项，A项“Live for today (活在当下)”照应下文，
语意一致。故选A。
（2023上·福建泉州·高三校考期中）
Kindness May Keep You Healthy
If you are driving in the United States, you may see a common bumper (汽车保险杠) sticker on passing
vehicles that reads: 11 The saying is meant to urge people to behave in a gentle, caring, and helpful way
towards others without thinking or planning ahead.
12 In one experiment, Brian are, an anthropologist (人类学家) at Duke University, asked a group ofpeople to perform three acts of generosity for other individuals each week. These acts could be small, like opening
a door for someone. The people who were caring, gentle and friendly towards others reported experiencing
contentment, satisfaction and happiness.
However, being kind is not just emotionally beneficial. Lyubomirsky studied a group of people with the
disease Multiple Sclerosis (多发性硬化). 13 Her research also pointed out that people showing kindness to
others had less inflammation (炎症) in their bodies. And in other studies, Lyubomirsky said more anti-viral genes
were found in people who extended a helping hand to other people
14 In one study, researchers gave people a list of values — such as kindness, creativity, ambition,
tradition, security, seeking social justice, and seeking power. When asked to pick the most important, kindness won.
“The basic reason why people are kind,” Oliver Curry, explained, the research director at Kind-lab that is a
non-profit organization, “is that we are social animals. Kindness is as much a part of us as our anger, grief or
desire.” 15
A．Perform random acts of kindness
B．Acts of kindness are very powerful
C．In other words, we are designed to be kind.
D．She found that they felt better physically when helping others.
E．Research shows that doing kind things can make us feel better
F．He found that being kind makes people feel better emotionally,
G．Other research has shown that many people prize kindness above other values
【答案】11．A 12．E 13．D 14．G 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了善良和友好对健康的益处。研究表明，对他人的关心和善意可以
带来情感上的满足和幸福感，同时也可以减少身体炎症和增强免疫系统。此外，善良是人类社会性本能的
表现之一。文章呼吁人们在生活中多表现出善良和友好。
11．根据后文“The saying is meant to urge people to behave in a gentle, caring, and helpful way towards others
without thinking or planning ahead.(这句话的意思是敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的情况下，以温柔、关心
和帮助的方式对待他人。)”可知，此处解释了汽车保险杠上贴纸的内容：敦促人们在不考虑或事先计划的
情况下，以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人。A选项“Perform random acts of kindness(随意做一些善意
的事情)”概括后文的内容，指出要以温柔、关心和帮助的方式对待他人，与下文形成呼应。故选A。
12．根据后文“These acts could be small, like opening a door for someone. The people who were caring, gentle
and friendly towards others reported experiencing contentment, satisfaction and happiness.(这些行为可能很小，比如为别人开门。那些对别人关心、温柔、友好的人报告说他们感到满足、满意和幸福。)”可知，此处强
调的是做一些善良的事情会让人感觉到满足、满意和幸福。E选项“Research shows that doing kind things
can make us feel better (研究表明，做好事可以让我们感觉更好)”引起下文，指出做好事会让我们感觉更好，
符合语境。故选E。
13．根据后文“Her research also pointed out that people showing kindness to others had less inflammation (炎
症) in their bodies. (她的研究还指出，对他人友善的人体内的炎症更少。)”可知，此处以炎症为例，解释对
他人友善会对身体有好处。D选项“She found that they felt better physically when helping others.(她发现当他
们帮助别人时，他们的身体感觉更好。)”引起下文，指出对别人善良，会让身体感觉更好，后文具体例子
进行说明，符合语境。故选D。
14．根据后文“In one study, researchers gave people a list of values — such as kindness, creativity, ambition,
tradition, security, seeking social justice, and seeking power. When asked to pick the most important, kindness won.
(在一项研究中，研究人员给人们列出了一系列价值观，比如善良、创造力、雄心、传统、安全感、追求社
会正义和追求权力。当被要求选出最重要的东西时，善良胜出。)”可知，此处介绍的是一项研究成果即善
良高于创造力、雄心以及传统等价值观。G选项“Other research has shown that many people prize kindness
above other values(其他研究表明，许多人认为善良高于其他价值观)”概括后文的内容，形成呼应。故选
G。
15．根据前文““The basic reason why people are kind,” Oliver Curry, explained, the research director at Kind-
lab that is a non-profit organization, “is that we are social animals. Kindness is as much a part of us as our anger,
grief or desire.”(非营利组织kind -lab的研究主任Oliver Curry解释说：“人们善良的基本原因是，我们是社
会性动物。”善良是我们的一部分，就像我们的愤怒、悲伤或欲望一样。”)”可知，Oliver Curry认为人们
善良的原因在于善良是我们人本身的一部分，即人生来就是善良的。C选项“In other words, we are
designed to be kind.(换句话说，我们生来就是善良的。)”承接前文，指出人生来就是善良的，与前文形成呼
应。故选C。
（2023上·重庆·高三重庆巴蜀中学校考期中）
Time is one of the most valuable commodities we have. It is a non-renewable resource that,once lost, cannot
be regained. 16 But how we choose to spend it can make or break our lives.
We frequently run out of time in today’s fast-paced world. We have deadlines, appointments and
responsibilities to meet within a certain time. 17 We may believe that we have all the time in the world, but
before we know it, the day is over, the week is over and another year has passed.
The proverb “time and tide wait for none” reminds us that time is a limited resource that we must make themost of. 18 We should prioritize our tasks, set goals and work towards achieving them. We should avoid
procrastination (拖延) and make every moment count.
19 We live in a world where social media, emails and notifications take most of our attention. It is so
easy to get sucked into endlessly watching videos or looking at posts. However,if we allow these distractions to
take over, we risk wasting valuable time that could be spent on more productive activities.
“Time and tide wait for none” also reminds us that time is valuable and should not be squandered (挥霍). We
should treasure every moment and make the most of it. We should spend time with our loved ones, pursue our
passions and do things that make us happy. 20
The proverb serves as a powerful reminder of the value of time management. Time is a finite resource that
must be used wisely. So, let us all strive to maximise our time and live our lives to the fullest.
A．We all have the same amount of time in a day.
B．Life is too short to waste time on things that don’t matter.
C．Distractions are one of the most difficult challenges we face.
D．It encourages us to be mindful of our time and to use it wisely.
E．It’s all too easy to let time slip away while browsing our news feeds.
F．It illustrates the idea that time is fleeting and it doesn’t wait for anyone.
G．With so much to do, it’s easy to lose track of time and allow it to pass by you.
【答案】16．A 17．G 18．D 19．C 20．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了时间的重要性以及建议好好利用时间。
16．根据上文“Time is one of the most valuable commodities we have. It is a non-renewable resource that, once
lost, cannot be regained.(时间是我们所拥有的最有价值的商品之一。它是一种不可再生的资源，一旦失去就
无法重新获得)”以及后文“But how we choose to spend it can make or break our lives.(但是我们选择如何度过
它可以成就我们的生活，也可以毁掉我们的生活)”可知，上文提到了时间的重要性，后文提到了如何度过
时间，可知本句主要与所拥有的时间数量有关。故A选项“我们每天的时间都是一样的”符合语境，故选
A。
17．根据上文“We frequently run out of time in today’s fast-paced world. We have deadlines, appointments and
responsibilities to meet within a certain time.(在当今快节奏的世界里，我们经常没有时间。我们有截止日期、
约会和责任要在一定时间内完成)”提到了在当今快节奏的世界里，我们经常没有时间。我们有各种任务要
完成；再根据空后句“We may believe that we have all the time in the world, but before we know it, the day is
over, the week is over and another year has passed.(我们可能相信我们拥有世界上所有的时间，但在我们意识到之前，一天已经过去了，一周已经过去了，又一年已经过去了)”可知，所以有太多事情要做，一天时间
很快就过去了。故G选项“有这么多的事情要做，很容易忘记时间，让时间从你身边溜走”符合语境，故
选G。
18．根据上文“The proverb “time and tide wait for none” reminds us that time is a limited resource that we must
make the most of.(“时不我待”这句谚语提醒我们，时间是有限的资源，我们必须充分利用)”可知，前句谚
语“时不我待”提醒我们时间重要。它鼓励我们注意自己的时间，并好好利用它。故D选项“它鼓励我们
注意我们的时间，并明智地利用它”符合语境，故选D。
19．根据后文“We live in a world where social media, emails and notifications take most of our attention. It is so
easy to get sucked into endlessly watching videos or looking at posts. However,if we allow these distractions to
take over, we risk wasting valuable time that could be spent on more productive activities.(我们生活在一个社交媒
体、电子邮件和通知占据了我们大部分注意力的世界。人们很容易沉迷于无休止地看视频或看帖子。然而，
如果我们让这些干扰占据了主导，我们就有可能浪费宝贵的时间，而这些时间本可以花在更有成效的活动
上)”可知，空后意为我们生活在一个社交媒体、电子邮件和通知占据我们大部分注意力的世界。人们很容
易被无休止地看视频或看帖子所吸引，即容易分心。故C选项“分心是我们面临的最困难的挑战之一”符
合语境，故选C。
20．根据上文““Time and tide wait for none” also reminds us that time is valuable and should not be
squandered (挥霍). We should treasure every moment and make the most of it. We should spend time with our
loved ones, pursue our passions and do things that make us happy.( “时不我待”也提醒我们，时间是宝贵的，
不应该浪费。我们应该珍惜每一刻，充分利用它。我们应该花时间和我们爱的人在一起，追求我们的激情，
做让我们快乐的事情)”提到我们应该花时间与我们所爱的人在一起，追求我们的激情，做让我们快乐的事
情，说明要努力最大限度地利用我们的时间，把我们的生活过得最充实。故B选项“人生苦短，不要把时
间浪费在无关紧要的事情上”符合语境，故选B。
（2023上·湖北襄阳·高三校联考期中）
Have you ever wondered about the significance of emotions in our life? Emotions play a critical part in our
lives. 21 Let me give you an example here: When you are with your loved ones, your mood changes
instantly right? If they feel happy then you feel happy, and if they feel angry/sad then so do you. Starting to get
what I was talking about in the beginning? Should you be feeling like that? In certain situations, yes, but every
time, no!
You may find it very hard to believe but it is not our responsibility to bear other people’s feelings, this is
something that they have to do themselves. 22 Apart from this, we must never be controlled by our ownfeelings. Let me give you an example here. In the middle of a fight between your spouse or partner, they will say,
“You really hurt my feelings”. Sometimes, you might even say: “You are making me angry”. What does this imply?
23 Whenever this happens, you start blaming yourself, especially for the emotions that others are feeling. This
is known as emotional reflection. You must learn to control this. 24
What should be your course of action here? It might seem rude when I say this but you really need to hear it.
You are not responsible for how others feel! 25 Al l in all, we must learn to be emotionally accountable and
mature, doing so will result in a better and happier life.
A．Therefore embrace your emotions as a part of yourself.
B．They are infectious unless you know how to control them.
C．So, it’s a must for us to learn to control our feelings.
D．You have conveyed your feelings in a very understandable manner.
E．This goes sideways, others are also not accountable for how you feel.
F．It means that you have allowed the other person to emotionally control you.
G．Otherwise, it will create co-dependency in relationships which is very harmful.
【答案】21．B 22．C 23．F 24．G 25．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了情绪在我们的生活中的重要性，以及要以恰当的方法控制情绪。
21．根据上文“Have you ever wondered about the significance of emotions in our life? Emotions play a critical
part in our lives. (你有没有想过情感在我们生活中的重要性？情绪在我们的生活中起着至关重要的作用。)”
以及后文“Let me give you an example here: When you are with your loved ones, your mood changes instantly
right? If they feel happy then you feel happy, and if they feel angry/sad then so do you. (让我给你举个例子：当你
和你爱的人在一起时，你的情绪会瞬间改变，对吧？如果他们感到快乐，那么你也会感到快乐，如果他们
感到愤怒或悲伤，那么你也会感到愤怒或悲伤。)”可知，上文提到了情绪的重要性，后文的例子表明情绪
具有传染性，故B选项“除非你知道如何控制它们，否则它们是有传染性的。”符合语境，故选B。
22．根据上文“You may find it very hard to believe but it is not our responsibility to bear other people’s feelings,
this is something that they have to do themselves. (你可能会觉得很难相信，但我们没有责任去承受别人的感受，
这是他们必须自己做的事情。)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出要学会控制情感。故C选项“所以，
我们必须学会控制自己的感情。”符合语境，故选C。
23．根据上文“In the middle of a fight between your spouse or partner, they will say, “You really hurt my
feelings”. Sometimes, you might even say: “You are making me angry”. What does this imply? (当你的配偶或伴
侣吵架时，他们会说：“你真的伤害了我的感情。”有时，你甚至可以说：“你让我生气了”。这意味着什么？)”以及后文“Whenever this happens, you start blaming yourself, especially for the emotions that others are
feeling. This is known as emotional reflection. You must learn to control this. (每当这种情况发生时，你就会开
始责怪自己，尤其是别人的情绪。这就是所谓的情绪反射。你必须学会控制它。)”可知，后文提到别人的
话会导致你开始自责。说明对方在情感上控制了你。故F选项“这意味着你允许对方在情感上控制你。”
符合语境，故选F。
24．根据上文“Whenever this happens, you start blaming yourself, especially for the emotions that others are
feeling. This is known as emotional reflection. You must learn to control this. (每当这种情况发生时，你就会开
始责怪自己，尤其是别人的情绪。这就是所谓的情绪反射。你必须学会控制它。)”可知，上文提到了要学
会控制自己的情绪反射，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文说明不这么做的坏处。故G选项“否则，它会
在关系中产生相互依赖，这是非常有害的。”符合语境，故选G。
25．根据上文“What should be your course of action here? It might seem rude when I say this but you really need
to hear it. You are not responsible for how others feel! (你应该怎么做呢？我这么说可能看起来很粗鲁，但你真
的需要听听。你不用为别人的感受负责！)”可知，上文提到了不必为别人的感受负责，故本句是在说明别
人是否需要对你的感受负责的问题。故E选项“这是互相的，别人也不必为你的感受负责。”符合语境，
故选E。
（2023上·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）
For most, the first thing that likely comes to mind when thinking about vitamin C is either an image of orange
fruits or its ability to keep your immune system healthy. 26 . Here are the primary benefits of vitamin C
when applied topically to the skin.
It protects skin cells from environmental damage. Vitamin C’s main function in skin is that of a powerful
antioxidant, protecting us from cell damage caused by free radicals (自由基). “ 27 ,” Dr. Mack explains,
and they are highly reactive. Vitamin C destroys these free radicals by donating electrons, preventing them from
damaging skin.
28 . Vitamin C is also one of the gold standards for evening skin tone and boosting radiance.
“Vitamin C is a well-known skin brightener, preventing melanin production and eventually fading dark spots,
resulting in a better skin tone,” Dr. Mack explains.
It firms skin and promotes collagen (胶原蛋白) production. Our skin is made of collagen and elastin, which
are proteins that give it structure and flexibility. 29 . “Daily application of vitamin C helps to maintain the
completeness of the collagen that we have, prevents rapid breakdown with age and promotes collagen production,”
Dr. Mack says.It works with other antioxidants for enhancing UV (紫外线) protection. 30 . A study in the Journal
of Investigative Dermatology showed that the combination of vitamin C and E not only offered improved stability
of vitamins C and E, but also improved skin’s UV protection.
A．It brightens skin
B．It helps lower the risk of heart disease and depression
C．Vitamin C works cooperatively with vitamin E to reduce UV damage in skin
D．Free radicals are produced by the body when exposed to radiation in sunlight
E．But this popular vitamin has several benefits for skin when applied topically, too
F．Free radicals are believed to be related to heart disease, cancer and the ageing process
G．As we age, the production of these proteins decreases and our skin looks and feels less firm
【答案】26．E 27．D 28．A 29．G 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了维生素C对皮肤的种种好处。
26．上文“For most, the first thing that likely comes to mind when thinking about vitamin C is either an image of
orange fruits or its ability to keep your immune system healthy. (对于大多数人来说，当想到维生素C时，首先
想到的可能是橙色水果的图像或它保持免疫系统健康的能力)”提到了维生素C在维持身体免疫系统方面的
作用。下文“Here are the primary benefits of vitamin C when applied topically to the skin. (以下是皮肤使用维
生素C的主要好处)”介绍了维生素C 对皮肤的好处。结合选项，E项“But this popular vitamin has several
benefits for skin when applied topically, too (但是这种受欢迎的维生素在局部使用时对皮肤也有一些好处)”承
上启下，引出文章的主题。故选E。
27．下文“Vitamin C destroys these free radicals by donating electrons, preventing them from damaging skin. (维
生素C通过提供电子来破坏这些自由基，防止它们损害皮肤)”介绍了维生素C是通过提供电子破坏自由基
来保护皮肤的。结合选项，D项“Free radicals are produced by the body when exposed to radiation in sunlight
(当人体暴露在阳光辐射下时，会产生自由基)”说明了自由基对皮肤的害处。“free radicals”为同词复现。
故选D。
28．设空处为中心句。下文““Vitamin C is a well-known skin brightener, preventing melanin production and
eventually fading dark spots, resulting in a better skin tone,” Dr. Mack explains. (麦克博士解释说：“维生素C
是一种众所周知的皮肤增亮剂，可以防止黑色素的产生，最终消除黑斑，从而改善肤色。”)”主要说维生
素C可提亮肤色，减少色素沉着。结合选项，A项“It brightens skin (它能提亮皮肤)”符合语境。故选A。
29．上文“It firms skin and promotes collagen (胶原蛋白) production. (它紧致皮肤，促进胶原蛋白的生成)”为
本段中心句，介绍维生素C紧致皮肤，促进胶原蛋白的生成。结合选项，G项“As we age, the productionof these proteins decreases and our skin looks and feels less firm (随着年龄的增长，这些蛋白质的产生减少，我
们的皮肤看起来和摸起来都不那么紧致)”照应中心句，说明年龄的增长会使蛋白质减少，影响皮肤。符合
语境。故选G。
30．上文“It works with other antioxidants for enhancing UV (紫外线) protection. (它与其他抗氧化剂一起增强
紫外线保护)”为本段中心句。结合选项，C项“Vitamin C works cooperatively with vitamin E to reduce UV
damage in skin (维生素C与维生素E协同作用，减少紫外线对皮肤的伤害)”照应中心句，说明维生素C与
其它维生素协同的作用。符合语境。故选C。
（2023上·江苏·高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考期中）
We are masters of distraction especially when we feel an uncomfortable emotion surfacing. And our society
makes it easier than ever. 31 . Those range from videos on TikTok to online shopping.
But does distraction really help deal with emotions? Or does it merely worsen the problem? 32 . In
some ways it can help, and oftentimes distraction avoids the root of the problem.
In the loud world in which we live nowadays, avoiding an emotion is easier than processing it. During the
sequencing of an emotion, distraction occurs when we first notice it. The emotion in question causes physiological
changes and often causes action. 33 . It isn’t always a bad thing. There’s pretty good evidence that
distraction can help down regulate the anxiety around a negative emotion.
34 . There are longer mood states that last days or months, although most emotions only last a few
minutes before they pass. That’s why, if you’re seeking long-term solutions, learning to process emotions is the
only way. When you slow down and make space for your emotions, you can start to process them.
Jacobs Hendel, a psychotherapist, uses a process, which involves connecting your feet to the floor, deep belly
breathing, slowing down and then identifying where different emotions are felt in the body. 35 ——once
anxiety goes down, you can identify the other emotions that are coming up in your body. If the same emotions keep
coming up and causing you stress, learning to sit with them and work through them. Facing your emotions may
help you see that they aren’t as scary as you thought.
A．Grabbing your phone isn’t necessarily bad
B．According to experts, the answer is a mixed bag
C．And feeling them in the body is a good place to start
D．We feel like emotions are going to get bigger when we focus on them
E．For example, if you’re sad, you draw back; if you’re angry, you approach
F．Once a negative emotion arises, we may reach for various digital distractionsG．However, distraction isn’t a true fix either, because it only works in the short term
【答案】31．F 32．B 33．E 34．G 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们通过分散注意力来缓解消极情绪以及真正缓解消极情绪的方法。
31．上文“We are masters of distraction especially when we feel an uncomfortable emotion surfacing. And our
society makes it easier than ever. (我们是分散注意力的大师，尤其是当我们感到不舒服的情绪浮现的时候。
我们的社会让这一切变得比以往更容易。)”说明，选项F“一旦消极情绪出现，我们可能会使用各种数码产
品来分散注意力”承接上文，说明我们会使用数码产品来缓解消极情绪，下文“Those range from videos on
TikTok to online shopping. (它们包括 TikTok 上的视频到网上购物。)”和选项中digital语义一致。故选F项。
32．上文“But does distraction really help deal with emotions? Or does it merely worsen the problem? (但是分心
真的有助于处理情绪吗？还是仅仅使问题恶化？)”提出两个问题，对分散注意力的优点和缺点提出疑问，
选项B“根据专家的说法，答案是复杂混合的”回答了上文问题。故选B项。
33．上文“The emotion in question causes physiological changes and often causes action. (有问题的情绪会引起
生理上的变化，而且经常会引起行动。)”说明情绪会引起相应的行动，选项E“例如，如果你很伤心，你就
退缩；如果你很生气，你就靠近”承接上文，举例说明了情绪引起的行动反应。故选E项。
34．下文“There are longer mood states that last days or months, although most emotions only last a few minutes
before they pass. That’s why, if you’re seeking long-term solutions, learning to process emotions is the only way.
(虽然大多数情绪只能持续几分钟，但也有持续几天或几个月的较长情绪状态。这就是为什么，如果你正在
寻找长期的解决方案，学会处理情绪是唯一的方法。)”说明靠分散注意力来缓解消极情绪并不是真正有效
的办法，选项G“然而，分散注意力也不是一个真正的解决办法，因为它只在短期内起作用”引领下文，说
明分散注意力只在短期内起作用。选项中in the short term和下文中long-term相对应，故选G项。
35．上文“Jacobs Hendel, a psychotherapist, uses a process, which involves connecting your feet to the floor,
deep belly breathing, slowing down and then identifying where different emotions are felt in the body. (心理治疗
师Jacobs Hendel使用了一种方法，包括将你的脚与地板连接起来，深呼吸，放慢速度，然后识别身体中感
受到的不同情绪。)”建议在身体上感受情绪，选项C“在身体上感受它们是一个很好的开端”承接上文，说
明在身体上感受情绪是很好的开端。选项中them指上文中different emotions，语义一致，故选C项。
（2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）
Growing up in a Southern family, big meals were the norm. Every meal for my nuclear family of four
provided enough food for eight. Each Sunday, when we drove to my grandmother’s home for lunch, there was more
than enough food. 36 Having more than enough was a generous and affectionate act; having too little
conveyed almost a moral failing.37 When having only another couple over for dinner, I’d make more food than the four of us could
finish. My wife always asked me to make less both to save money and because our tiny fridge could hold only so
many leftovers. 38
When I lost my job, though, my handling of extra food suddenly hit a barrier. 39 However, I then
quickly went back to my former state of needing to cook much when I landed another job.
But instead of cooking a lot and then simply eating the leftovers, I had a new solution that worked well with
my belief in showing love through food: 40 Several of my friends lived alone, didn’t like cooking or had
lost jobs too, so bringing them food helped not only me but also them in a practical way.
Such a small act can bring large amounts of joy to anyone in these hard times. And in unfavorable situations,
it’s an act that allows us to develop friendship and show love while we must, still, remain apart.
A．Continue cooking for my family.
B．Bringing the extras as meals to my friends.
C．It was the one part of our new world I couldn’t refuse.
D．In the shock of the change, I cooked less for about a year.
E．In my adult life before unemployment, this tradition stayed with me.
F．Serving extra food was the way that we showed love to one another.
G．But doing so seemed contrary to the generosity I had been brought up to believe in.
【答案】36．F 37．E 38．G 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对于食物一直觉得超过足够的食物是一种慷慨和深情的行
为，后来遭遇失去工作的变故后，作者想到了一个解决方案，将多余的饭菜送给自己独居的朋友。
36．根据上文“Each Sunday, when we drove to my grandmother’s home for lunch, there was more than enough
food.(每个星期天，当我们开车去奶奶家吃午饭时，食物总是绰绰有余。)”可知，空处承接上文，说明食物
总是会绰绰有余的原因。F项中的“serving extra food”和上文中的“more than enough food”对应。F项：
Serving extra food was the way that we showed love to one another.(提供额外的食物是我们向彼此表示爱的方
式。)符合语境。故选F。
37．根据上文“Having more than enough was a generous and affectionate act; having too little conveyed almost a
moral failing.(超过足够是一种慷慨和深情的行为；太少几乎意味着道德沦丧。)”可知，上文提到的处事方
式是作者一直遵循的准则，E项中的“this tradition”与上文内容对应。E项：In my adult life before
unemployment, this tradition stayed with me.(在我失业前的成年生活中，这个传统一直伴随着我。)符合语境。
故选E。38．根据上文“My wife always asked me to make less both to save money and because our tiny fridge could hold
only so many leftovers.(我妻子总是让我少赚点，一方面是为了省钱，另一方面是因为我们的小冰箱只能装
下那么多剩菜。)”可知，妻子的意见与作者所遵循的传统是相违背的，空处和上文形成转折关系。G项：
But doing so seemed contrary to the generosity I had been brought up to believe in.(但这样做似乎有悖于我从小
到大所信仰的慷慨。)符合语境。故选G。
39．根据上文“When I lost my job, though, my handling of extra food suddenly hit a barrier.(然而，当我失去工
作时，我对多余食物的处理突然遇到了障碍。)”可知，空处说明失去工作这种变化对作者对食物的处理产
生的影响。D项：In the shock of the change, I cooked less for about a year.(在这种变化的冲击下，我减少了烹
饪，大约有一年的时间。)符合语境。故选D。
40．根据上文“But instead of cooking a lot and then simply eating the leftovers, I had a new solution that worked
well with my belief in showing love through food(但是，而不是烹饪很多，然后简单地吃剩菜，我有一个新的
解决方案，和我的信念不谋而合，通过食物来表达爱)”和下文“Several of my friends lived alone, didn’t like
cooking or had lost jobs too, so bringing them food helped not only me but also them in a practical way.(我的几个
朋友独自生活，不喜欢做饭或失去了工作，所以给他们带来的食物不仅帮助了我，也以实际的方式帮助了
他们。)”可知，空处提出了解决方案的具体内容，就是把多余的饭菜带给自己的朋友，B项中的“my
friends”和下文中的“several of my friends”对应。B项：Bringing the extras as meals to my friends.(把多余的
作为饭菜带给我的朋友。)符合语境。故选B。
（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）
Become a global citizen without leaving home
As an undergraduate student, I often dream of traveling the world and experiencing various cultures; I dream
of having a better perspective and contributing politically, socially and economically towards the world. 41 .
Here are some tips on tackling the feeling of being separated from the international community simply because
you can’t afford to travel.
Join an international club.
There are different international clubs, especially at many universities, which allow you to make connections
with people from around the world. For example, AIESEC is the world’s largest student-run organization that offers
opportunities for students to go on international internships (实习). 42 — being involved in helping
someone else’s travels permits you to be a part of their international experience.
Be engaged with world news and participate in discussions about current events.
Paying attention to international news broadens your sense of current events outside your borders, which canlead to reflection about your local environment. 43 — even if you cannot physically be where events
originate.
Make an international pen pal (笔友) .
Having a pen pal is all about creating relationships with others that can allow you to learn about and embrace
cultural differences. Strong friendships can have lasting effects. 44 .
Take an international development or language class.
45 . Taking an international development course can help you gain insight into international relations
and development. These courses require our brains to remember and form ideas, which allows for positive debate
and understanding of the world around us. Language classes can also make you feel like you are part of another
culture.
A．Education is the best way to gain new perspectives
B．Demonstrating your understanding of current events is a way to be involved
C．It also offers local students the chance to help facilitate these internships
D．There are several websites that offer the service of volunteering without borders
E．However, financial stress makes these plans difficult and traveling takes time I may not have
F．Learning about different aspects of a country allows for a greater understanding of our global world
G．If you end up traveling in the future, there’s a chance that you can meet your international friend
【答案】41．E 42．C 43．B 44．G 45．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章为想参与到国际社会中但负担不起旅行费用的人提供了一些有用的建议。
41．前文“As an undergraduate student, I often dream of traveling the world and experiencing various cultures; I
dream of having a better perspective and contributing politically, socially and economically towards the world. (作
为一名本科生，我经常梦想着环游世界，体验不同的文化；我梦想有一个更好的视角，为世界在政治、社
会和经济上做出贡献)”介绍自己环游世界、为世界做贡献的梦想，因此E项“However, financial stress
makes these plans difficult and traveling takes time I may not have (然而，经济压力使这些计划变得困难，旅行
需要我可能没有的时间)”符合语境，指出实现梦想面临的困难，和前文构成转折，其中的these plans指代
前文提到的梦想。故选E。
42．前文“For example, AIESEC is the world’s largest student-run organization that offers opportunities for
students to go on international internships (实习). (例如，AIESEC是世界上最大的学生组织，为学生提供国际
实习机会)”举出AIESEC的例子，说明其提供的服务，后文“being involved in helping someone else’s travels
permits you to be a part of their international experience (参与帮助别人的旅行可以让你成为他们国际经验的一部分)”说明帮助他人旅行的意义，因此C项“It also offers local students the chance to help facilitate these
internships (它还为当地学生提供了帮助促进这些实习的机会)”符合语境，进一步说明AIESEC提供的服务，
承接前文，引出后文的意义，其中的It指代前文的AIESEC。故选C。
43．前文“Paying attention to international news broadens your sense of current events outside your borders,
which can lead to reflection about your local environment. (关注国际新闻可以拓宽你对国外时事的感知，这可
以让你反思当地的环境)”说明关注国际新闻的意义，后文“even if you cannot physically be where events
originate (即使你无法亲临事件发生的地方)”引出退一步讲的情况，因此B项“Demonstrating your
understanding of current events is a way to be involved (展示你对时事的理解是一种参与的方式)”符合语境，
进一步说明关注国际新闻的意义，承接前文，和后文形成让步关系，其中的current events和前文的current
events是同词复现。故选B。
44．前文“Having a pen pal is all about creating relationships with others that can allow you to learn about and
embrace cultural differences. Strong friendships can have lasting effects. (拥有一个笔友就是与他人建立关系，
这可以让你了解并接受文化差异。牢固的友谊可以产生持久的影响)”说明交国际笔友的意义，因此G项
“If you end up traveling in the future, there’s a chance that you can meet your international friend (如果你将来去
旅行，你就有机会认识你的国际朋友)”符合语境，说明将来可能有机会认识这位国际笔友，承接前文，其
中的friend与前文的friendships呼应。故选G。
45．空处位于段首，需引出段落内容。段落标题“Take an international development or language class. (参加
国际发展或语言课程)”建议去学习，后文“Taking an international development course can help you gain
insight into international relations and development. (学习国际发展课程可以让你对国际关系和国际发展有更
深入的了解)”和“Language classes can also make you feel like you are part of another culture. (语言课程也可以
让你感觉你是另一种文化的一部分)”展开说明学习这两类课程的意义，因此A项“Education is the best way
to gain new perspectives (教育是获得新视角的最佳途径)”符合语境，指出教育的意义，呼应标题，契合后文
内容。故选A。
（2023上·福建厦门·高三厦门双十中学校考期中）
Stare at a blank wall in any room, and you are unlikely to learn much more than the paint color. But a new
technology can unnoticeably scan the same surface for shadows and reflections. 46 But they can be got
by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the room — and what they are
doing. This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around a
corner. 47
As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create subtle andindistinct “soft shadows” on walls. 48 But these faint signals are usually drowned out by the main source
of surrounding light. Sharma and other M.I.T. researchers separated that main source of surrounding light by
filming a wall in a room as its occupants moved around and averaging the frames over time. Then the researchers
removed shadows from furniture or other still objects from the video in real time, only revealing humans’ moving
shadows on the wall.
49 They crouched, jumped or moved around, alone or in pairs, outside the camera’s view. Then the
team fed the videos into a machine-learning model to teach it which soft shadow patterns indicated which behavior.
The resulting system can automatically analyze footage of a blank wall in any room in real time, determining the
number of people and their actions.
50 It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-
resolution (清晰度) camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera
results are even worse.
A．The technology is thought advanced.
B．These can’t be detected by the human eye.
C．Brightly colored clothing can even cast a dull, reflected light.
D．It also can monitor someone who avoids a camera’s line of sight.
E．Next, researchers recorded blank walls with people in various scenarios.
F．The system is considered a unique and wonderful discovery by camera specialists.
G．Although this system can function in any room, it performs poorly in dim lighting.
【答案】46．B 47．D 48．C 49．E 50．G
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了一项新技术可以通过扫描墙壁，收集信息来断定房间里有多少人以及
人们的活动等。
46．上文“But a new technology can inconspicuously scan the same surface for shadows and reflections.(但是一
项新技术可以在不明显的情况下扫描同一表面上的阴影和反射)”提到了一项可以扫描阴影和反射的新技术，
下文“But they can be got by one tool and analyzed to determine details including how many people are in the
room — and what they are doing.(但它们可以通过一种工具获得并分析，以断定包括房间里有多少人以及他
们正在做什么在内的细节)”说明可以通过一种工具获得并做出分析，由But可知，空处与下文是转折关系，
B项“这些是人眼无法捕捉到的。”符合语境，且句中these指代上文“shadows and reflections”，与下文是
转折关系。故选B。
47．上文“This tool could gather information from a partial view of a space. It can spy on activity from around acorner.(这个工具可以从一个空间的局部视图收集信息。它可以在角落里监视活动)”阐述了这个工具的功能，
可以在角落里监视，收集信息，D项中的“monitor”与“spy”意思相近，因此推断D项“它还可以监控那
些避开摄像头视线的人。”符合语境，与上文是并列关系，also是关键词。故选D。
48．上文“As people move around a room, their bodies block a portion of any available light to create delicate
and indistinct “soft shadows” on walls.(当人们在房间里走动时，他们的身体会挡住任何可用的光线，在墙壁
上创造出微妙而模糊的“柔软的阴影”)”讲述人们可以挡住光线在墙壁上留下阴影，C项“cast a dull,
reflected glow”话题一致，因此推断C项“色彩鲜艳的衣服甚至可以投射出一种反射的光。”符合语境，与
上文是并列关系，故选C。
49．下文“They crouched, jumped or moved around, alone or in pairs, outside the camera’s view.(他们蹲着，跳
着或四处走动，单独或成对，在相机的视野之外)”描述了实验参与者的动作，是对E项“Next, researchers
recorded blank walls with people in various scenarios.(接下来，研究人员记录了人们在不同场景下的空白墙
壁)”中“various scenarios”的举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E。
50．下文“It can register only group sizes and activities for which it has been trained, and it requires a high-
resolution camera; a standard digital camera creates too much background noise, and smartphone camera results are
even worse.( 它只能记录它为之受训过的团体规模和活动，而且它需要一个高分辨率的相机；标准的数码
相机会产生太多的背景噪音，而智能手机的拍摄效果更差。)”说明这个系统的不足之处，因此推断G项
“虽然这个系统可以在任何房间里工作，但它在昏暗的灯光下表现不佳。”符合语境，故选G。
