文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题37 阅读理解之七选五三大技巧（讲案）原卷版
（快问快答+思维导图+考法点拨+真题再练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解七选五快问快答 P 2
二、阅读理解七选五高考考情 P 2
三、阅读理解七选五思维导图 P3
四、阅读理解七选五考法点拨 P 3
考法一：利用词语复现技巧 P 3
考法二：利用代词指代关系 P 4
考法三：利用前后句逻辑关系（七种 13 例） P 6
五、阅读理解七选五真题演练(6 篇) P 9
六、阅读理解七选五名校模拟(13 篇) P 13
七、阅读理解七选五真题演练（逻辑关系，片段式，10 例） P 21一、阅读理解七选五快问快答
Q1：阅读理解七选五有什么特点？
A1：阅读理解七选五属于阅读理解中档题型，区分度好，需要考生有较强的做题技能和阅读判断能力。
Q2：阅读理解七选五做题步骤如何？
A2：一是“通读”---通读全文把握大意，二是“细读”---以空位单位，结合设空位置和段落结构做出初
步判断。注意先易后难，一时有困难及时放一放，三是“复读”—重点复读有疑问的选项，从设空位置、
前后句逻辑、段落关键词入手多方考虑。
Q3：阅读理解七选五有哪些考查方法？
A3：阅读理解七选五有五大考查方向：一是段首标题句，二是段落主题句/过渡句，三是段中瞻前顾后句，
四是段尾设空题，五是残缺前/后半句型。
Q4：如何提高阅读理解七选五正答率？
A4：一要掌握阅读理解七选五命题规律和选项特征，二要不断扩大词汇量，尤其是3500高考高频词汇，
三要广泛进行阅读实践和专项训练，积累推理判断经验，掌握整体阅读这一要旨，摸索出一套行之有效
的个性化做题模式，四要重视纠错，探寻错误原因，防止出现类似错误。
二、阅读理解七选五高考考情
阅读七选五考查考生对文章内容、结构及上下文逻辑的理解和把握。在一段约300词的短文中留出5
个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
1.选文以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。
2.话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。
年份 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 选项特指 字数
新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 使用英语词典的心得 1 4 0 完整句 273+61
2024
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 如何避免过度性旅游 1 3 1 完整句 259+52
新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅的办法 0 4 1 完整句 247+82
2023
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句 261+63
新课标I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 完整句 257+76
2022
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1 4 0 完整句 237+74
2021 新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 完整句 270+83新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1 2 2 完整句 250+75
2020 新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 公开演讲的一些原则 1 3 1 完整句 235+73
三、阅读理解七选五思维导图
四、阅读理解七选五考法点拨
技巧一：利用词汇复现技巧
【思维导图】
【调研01】【2022新高考I卷】原词复现 notice
复现是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概
念进行重复描述。复现主要是指原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现、词汇同现等。
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.
It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 3 9A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【调研02】（2021全国甲卷38题）近义词复现“new” clothes= clothes in good condition
Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things
to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
3 8 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【调研03】（2021全国乙卷40题）同根词复现awkward和 awkwardness
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you're faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party，the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬).
40 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
技巧二：利用代词指代关系
【思维导图】【调研04】(2024全国甲卷第37题)
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just
something to eat in between meetings. 37 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【调研05】（2023新高考I卷39题）人称代词they
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 3 9 That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【调研06】（2018全国I卷37+38+39题）代词指代
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions
you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add
visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,
small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices aregenerally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger
commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
A．While all of them are useful
B．Whatever you're looking for
C．If you're experimenting with a color
D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
技巧三：利用前后句逻辑关系
【思维导图】
【调研07】（2013全国I卷38+40题）总分关系
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the
operations of a business. 3 8 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to
production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 39 The third relates to the
establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)
and guidance by the management in authority. 4 0
A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.
C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.
D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【调研08】（2019全国II卷39题）解释关系
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind yourbeliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable.
You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
【调研09】（2023新高考I卷37题）例证关系
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 3 7 Are you caring? Creative?
Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【调研1 0】（2016全国II卷38题）并列关系
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38 However,
there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our
earliest years.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have
【调研11】（2023全国甲卷37题）递进关系●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more
optimistic. 37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of
California.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【调研12】（2022全国乙卷40题）转折关系
·Don’t rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to
sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together
whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【调研13】（2020新高考卷38题）因果关系
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake
is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most people only absorb about 20
percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.
38
A. Do the opposite.
B.Y ou want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audienceF. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
五、阅读理解七选五真题演练
【真题演练01】 (2023新课标I卷) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳
选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. 3 6 You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of
your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things
you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the
ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 3 8
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. 40 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【真题演练02】 (2023新课标II卷) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳
选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art
journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete
beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
▪Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 36 You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
▪Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 3 7
▪Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club; we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.▪ 39 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on
social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no
matter my level of artistic ability.
The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. 4 0 Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【真题演练03】 (2023全国甲卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common?
There’s one answer. 3 6 .
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more
optimistic. 37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of
California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. 38 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to
apply it to other, more annoying situations.
● 3 9 .
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “ 4 0 .” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【真题演练04】 (2023全国乙卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the
unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are
easy to look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of
these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. 37
.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “ 38 . I find during the winter
months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found
that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants
can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some
harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 3 9 .
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can
buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown
ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 40
,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between
home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautiful
C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
【真题演练05】 (2023北京卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选
项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make
decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.
____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is
not counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment ( 注册) or funding.____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where
high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
【真题演练06】 (2018全国I卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to
manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a
room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36
, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this
important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three
kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the
large ones.
38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to
add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a
colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.
39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the
feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking
at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
六、阅读理解七选五名校模拟（12篇）
（2024·广西河池·模拟预测）Save the Earth from Declining Biodiversity
Plants and animals depend on each other for survival. Find out why this biodiversity is so important and
how you can help.
Skip the selfie (自拍照). Riding elephants, holding monkeys, and taking photos with little lion might seemfun, but these animals might have been caught from the wild and aren’t being properly cared for. Avoid these
activities on vacation unless you know the group is trustworthy and not treating animals cruelly. 1
Stand up for scary animals. Some people are afraid of animals like wolves, sharks, and bats and try to
harm them. 2 Because they keep their habitats healthy. So tell everyone how amazing they are.
Bad plants. 3 They can destroy native species and shake up the whole ecosystem. You can help.
Sign up to help remove invasive plants at a local park or nature centre.
Lights off. Birds can become confused by bright nighttime lights, causing them to crash into windows or
fly in circles until they’re very tired. 4 You can also talk to your parents about turning off the lights at
their high-rise offices.
5 Bring binoculars (望远镜) on an outdoor adventure to enjoy wildlife from afar. That way you
don’t disturb animals, which can change their behaviour. Critters (生物) are better off spending energy looking for
food or caring for young — not hiding from you!
A．Look — Don’t touch.
B．But these animals are super important.
C．A large number of birds die from these.
D．We should make an effort to protect local species.
E．Ask your parents not to “like” similar photos on social media.
F．Invasive species are plants and animals that don’t belong in a habitat.
G．Turn off unnecessary lights at night in the spring and fall when birds are migrating.
（2024·江西·二模）We often see that some of our friends always appear relaxed. 6 This is
because they are better organized than us. If we want to lead a well-organized life, some habits have to be
cultivated purposefully.
A place for everything and everything in its place
When we are lazy or in a hurry, we keep our things in the wrong place. 7 To lead an organized
life, we should make sure to put things back in their proper place.
Avoid multitasking
When we are trying to do more than one thing at a time, we cannot concentrate on our work properly,
resulting in poor performance. 【例证关系】 8 For example, while doing our homework, if we keep
our mobile phone within our reach and keep on replying to friends’ messages, our quality of work will suffer.
Plan ahead
Planning ahead is an important characteristic of an organized personality. But we should be realistic in our
plans. 9 Practically, planning our daily, weekly and even monthly goals and trying our best to achieve
them will make life more organized and tasks more manageable for us.
Value your time
Another key to leading a well-organized life is to manage your time in the most fruitful way. Giving in to
temptation usually results in wasted hours which we regret later on. The famous columnist Harvey MacKay said, ”
Time is free, but it’s priceless. 10 “
A．Then we have to waste lots of precious time and energy searching for them.
B．They are not nervous during examinations and seem to enjoy life better than us.
C．Once you’ve lost it, you can never get it back.
D．The fewer things we have, the easier it will be to manage them.E．They follow some rules which lead to a more successful life.
F．There are times when we find a big part of what we aimed to do is left undone.
G．We should be clear about what has to be done and what is just wasting time.
（2024·河南·模拟预测）We often hear very bad statistics about the destruction of the Amazon. 11
One Amazonian Indian tribe (部落) every year has disappeared since 1900. Unless something is done to prevent
it, the Amazon will be totally destroyed in fifty years’ time.
12 Although it is being destroyed by big farmers and logging (伐木) companies, the biggest
cause of its destruction is the cutting down of trees by thousands of small-scale farmers. 【代词指代】 13
They cut down trees of the rainforest to grow crops to make money. The soil of the Amazon is perfect for plants as
long as there are trees. It is the trees that recycle the nutrients that make the Amazon suitable for growing food.
When the farmers cut down the trees, the soil can only support crops for one or two years. 14
Logging is the second biggest cause of the destruction of the rainforest. A lot of the trees are taken for
firewood, charcoal, or for making furniture. Not only are these trees destroyed, but the trees around them are also
destroyed to make way for the roads and tracks needed to take the wood away. Large areas of forest have also
been cut down to free land for cattle farming. 15 And the ranchers (牧场主) move on. More trees will
be sure to disappear because of their cattle.
Most of the rainforest lies within Brazil. Fortunately, it is beginning to bring more laws to protect its
rainforest.
A．Again the land cannot support them for long.
B．So they have to move on, and cut down more trees.
C．The problem involves organizations and governments.
D．The trees are often considered important to big farmers.
E．Poverty forces people to leave the cities and look for land.
F．An area of rainforest, the size of Belgium, is cut down annually.
G．The true key factors causing damage to the rainforest is not as you imagine.
（2024·江西上饶·二模）Do you believe that a baby can only have one parent? It is widely understood
that animals have two parents, each contributing essential DNA．However, a female shark became pregnant and
gave birth to a baby shark at the Brookfield Zoo in Illinois, US, 16 , a new study documented.
This is a phenomenon called parthenogenesis (孤雌生殖), which means “virgin creation” in Greek. For
most animals, an egg cell and a sperm (精子) cell are essential to create offspring (后代). 【转折关系】 17
. However, in cases of parthenogenesis, the body finds a way to make up for the genetic material usually provided
by sperm.
As the female generates an egg cell, small cells called polar bodies are produced in the process. In the case
of parthenogenesis, an egg merges with one of its polar bodies, which replaces a sperm cell. 【因果关系】 18
. So, the baby is similar to the mother but not a cloned version of her.
19 . In 2018, a female crocodile who had been living alone for 16 years at a zoo in Costa Rica laid
14 eggs. Scientists found a fully-formed baby crocodile inside one of these eggs. In 2012, scientists incubated (培
育) six snake eggs without fertilization (受精), and these eggs developed into healthy baby snakes.
Parthenogenesis may occur in “lower animals” like some species of insects, fish, reptiles and even birds.
20 . So, it is currently impossible for female mammals to reproduce without a male.
A．It is not the best way to reproduceB．without the involvement of a male
C．with the application of a new technology
D．They each provide one-half of the genetic information for the new life
E．During this process, the mother’s genes get shuffled (打乱顺序) slightly
F．Although seemingly magical, parthenogenesis is not as rare as you might think
G．However, for mammals, including human beings, an egg can not provide all the genes required to form a
viable (可存活的) offspring
（2024·江苏徐州·模拟预测）Nearly every student gets nervous before a test at some point, especially if the
exam is an important one. This is normal. In fact, a mild case of nerves can even be somewhat beneficial: it can
keep you focused and energized. For some students, however, test taking anxiety can be overwhelming. 21
Fortunately, there are a few things you can do before and during a test to help cope with more severe stress and
anxiety.
Take a Meditation or Sitting Stretch Break
Take a minute or two before or even during a test to focus on your breathing, relax tense muscles, do a quick
positive visualization, or stretch your limbs.
22
Replace Negative Thoughts with Positive Ones
Learn to recognize when your brain is caught in a cycle of negative thinking and practice turning negative
thoughts into positive ones. For example, you may catch yourself saying “I’m going to fail”. 23
With practice, this can be a powerful technique to break the cycle of negative thinking undermining your
confidence.
Mistakes are Learning Opportunities
【转折关系】 24 Instead, remind yourself that it’s OK to make mistakes. A wrong answer on a
test is an opportunity to understand where you need to fill in a gap in your knowledge or spend some extra time
studying.
25
Test taking anxiety is very real and should be taken seriously. Your guidance counselor or a therapist may
be able to offer long-term strategies for coping with test taking anxiety. Talk with your parents or guardians about
finding someone to help you cope.
A．Seek Professional Help
B．Listen to the Instructions
C．It’s easy to get caught up in worrying about a bad grade.
D．Then force yourself to say “I’m going to succeed” instead.
E．This level of anxiety can be extremely difficult to cope with.
F．The calming effect can be beneficial and worth a few minutes of test time.
G．And it allows you to get into a positive state of mind before the test starts.
（2024·福建漳州·模拟预测）“Medicine and technology may fail us at times, but human connection
grounded in love and compassion always heals（治愈）.” Those words from Dr. Vivek Murthy are relatable to
many of us in the medical community who increasingly encounter individuals suffering from loneliness. There are
many complex factors driving loneliness, but it is clear that positive social connections do in fact “heal”. 26
They may even prolong our life span. Here are several actions you can take to improve your social connectionsand support your health.
【例证关系】 27 For instance, a simple smile to a stranger, a friendly exchange with a store
clerk, or a curious question about a pin or piece of jewelry on a colleague can enrich your daily life.
For more substantial connections, explore activities. with shared interests. Community centers, libraries and
online groups are great resources. Community centers organize a wide range of activities for social connections.
28 Joining a walking group, volunteering at a food bank, or simply calling a long-lost friend can provide a
sense of community and purpose.
Our deepest social connections are provided by those closest to us. 29 By engaging in open-
ended conversations, we can build even more profound and supportive bonds. Such relationships are not only
about the easy times; they also involve navigating challenging discussions, which should be approached as
chances to learn and grow together.
【转折关系】 30 But by taking steps now to start to build a foundation for strong positive social
connections in our future, we can make ourselves and our country as a whole healthier.
A．Deep social connections can also come with some drawbacks.
B．There may be no quick fixes to a desperate state of loneliness.
C．Loneliness ea n lead to feelings of sadness and a lack of purpose.
D．Even short, positive interactions may positively impact our health.
E．These connections greatly improve our physical and mental well-being.
F．Libraries often host book signings and lectures that encourage engagement.
G．Intentionally developing these relationships is crucial for strong social support.
（2024·湖北·二模）Even though food itself is not the problem, developing a healthier relationship with it
is essential to eating disorder recovery. Most people with eating disorders struggle with issues of control when it
comes to food—often shaking between rigidity(严格) and chaos. 31
Let go of rigid eating rules. 【因果关系】 32 Therefore, it's important to replace them with
healthier ones. For example, if you have a rule forbidding all desserts, change it into a less rigid guideline such as
"I won't eat dessert every day". You won't gain weight by enjoying an occasional ice cream or cookie.
Don't diet. The more you restrict food, the more likely it is that you'll become preoccupied (专注的) with it,
and even addicted to it. So instead of focusing on what you "shouldn't" eat, focus on nutritious foods that will
energize you and make your body strong. 33 Afterwards, you can eat when you're truly hungry, then
stop when you're full.
34 You may be used to skipping meals or fasting(节食) for long stretches. But when you starve
yourself, food becomes all you think about. To avoid this preoccupation, make sure to eat every three hours. Plan
ahead for meals and snacks, and don't skip!
Learn to listen to your body. If you have an eating disorder, you've learned to ignore your body's hunger
and fullness signals. 35 The goal is to get back in touch with these internal cues(提示).
A．Don't ignore your health.
B．The goal is to find a balance.
C．The best way is to lose weight.
D．Stick to a regular eating schedule.
E．You may not even recognize them anymore.
F．You should think of food as fuel for your body first.G．Strict rules about food and eating fuel eating disorders.
（2024·江苏苏州·三模）Confidence plays a very important role in people’s life. It gives people light
when they are in dark and encouragement when they are discouraged. It is the first step on the road to success.
People who look confident seem to grab more rewarding careers, maintain better relationships, and may make
miracles in the face of insurmountable (不可逾越的) difficulties.
So what is the secret of confidence? In fact, there is no secret. Self-confidence is a skill and habit that
everyone can learn to develop. 36
You can try these simple tips for practicing and increasing our confidence levels: First, dare to fail.
Anybody who’s out there genuinely striving is going to fail repeatedly. 37 Only when we face up to our
difficulties can we build up our confidence and give ourselves a chance of success.
【顺序关系】 38 You don’t have to be beautiful to be confident. Make the most of your own
unique strengths and pay less attention to your weaknesses so that you know you’re giving out your best image.
Third, listen to yourself; do not look down on yourself. You are the only person who knows what is right
for yourself. 39
Last, build a confidence vocabulary. Stop putting yourself down, and quit constantly mentioning your tiny
flaws. Learn to highlight your positive qualities and the world will learn to see and appreciate them too.
Confidence is a plant that grows slowly. 40 Only when we have enough confidence in ourselves
can we take the first step on the road to success.
A．It is built, not inborn.
B．Second, dress your success.
C．If you are not failing, you are not trying.
D．Second, neglect your drawbacks completely.
E．Don’t put others’ opinion above your own inner voice.
F．It encourages us to go to great lengths to achieve our goals.
G．We should build confidence through constant and patient effort.
（2024·湖南·模拟预测）Behavioral scientists have found that good listening is one of the most important
things we can do to improve our relationships. 41 At its core, listening in a one-on-one conversation is
about taking an interest in another person and making him/her feel understood. 【转折关系】 42 But
some recurring (重复出现) features include attentiveness, conveying understanding, and showing a positive
intention towards the speaker.
In addition to actively attending to a speaker’s words, good listeners also use questions and body language
that indicate their understanding and their desire to understand. This might feel awkward at first, and what’s most
effective might depend on your relationship with the speaker. 【递进关系】 43 Another great way to
show your understanding is by summarizing what you just heard and asking if you have missed anything.
Summaries like this show the speaker that you’re truly trying to understand him/her rather than just waiting for
your turn to talk. But while a good conversation requires back and forth, planning out your response while the
speaker is talking is a common way to miss what’s being said. 44 This might feel embarrassing, but
asking for clarification actually shows that you’re committed to understanding.
45 It’s okay to ask for a moment to formulate your response and taking a beat to think can help
speakers reflect on their speech as well.
These might seem like small changes, but together they make a big difference. And when people feel heard,they report more satisfaction, trust, and connection in their relationships.
A．Finally, don’t be afraid of silence.
B．So, what can we do to become better listeners?
C．It’s possible to know what truly excellent listening looks like.
D．But with time and practice, you can internalize these basic behaviors
E．There’s no universally agreed-upon definition of high-quality listening.
F．Researchers have found that smiling and nodding at set intervals doesn’t quite work.
G．So try to stay present and if you lose focus, don’t be shy about asking the speaker to repeat what you missed.
（2024·河南·三模）Being a plastic-free gardener is an important step for having an eco-conscious garden.
Here’s how to garden by using alternatives to plastic plant pots.
Lots of pots
46 . Most are made of plastic, and come in a variety of colours. None of these plastics are readily
recyclable. Half a billion plastic pots ended up in landfill or being burned each year.
Plastic-free plant pot alternatives
The great news is that, the choice of alternative plastic-free pots is fantastic. 47 .
Ceramic (陶瓷) pots
Though expensive, when it comes to plant pots, there is not much that compares to the appeal of hand-made
ceramic pots. Ceramic pots are made from the firing of clay. 【因果关系】 48 . Therefore, if collected
steadily over the years, they become the backbone of any working garden, offering a ready pot for a month or two
of growing on;a permanent home for repeat-flowering flowers lasting for seasons; or a decorative feature for a
greenhouse.
Wool pots
Made from raw washed wool pots, these cute little pots are a very attractive natural alternative to
plastic. 【转折关系】 49 , but they also make a perfect pot for decorative plants that will sit in a striking
position while they are growing larger — a great talking point for plastic-free gardening.
Hemp (麻) pots
Hemp pots are a great alternative to the plastic pots used to grow tomato and potato plants. 【代词指代】
50 . They come in a range of sizes, from around five to forty litres (公升). Hemp pots develop from a
sustainable source, are fully broken down and can be reused for several seasons.
A．They are durable
B．Limit the use of plastic in the garden
C．Wool pots can be used to start young plants
D．They are a replacement for those with limited growing space
E．Many gardeners have a collection of plastic plant pots over the years
F．Many of the pots in which plants were sold at the time were recyclable
G．In addition to fabric, there is also wood, cardboard, bamboo, rubber, and even wool
（2024·贵州遵义·三模）How to Get Out of Your Comfort Zone
It can surely be challenging and a little scary to step out of your comfort zone, but facing unfamiliar
challenges can help you feel happier and more fulfilled in the long run. How to grow outside your comfort zone?
【总分关系】 51 .
Regard discomfort as progress.52 .Whenever you try something new and make a move to step out of your comfort zone, remind
yourself that the discomfort you’re feeling is ultimately progress that’s leading you to achieve your goals. Getting
comfortable with discomfort is just like exercising a muscle; you have to continuously do it to get stronger and
better.
Reward yourself for trying new things.
Treat yourself to stay motivated and energized. For example, whenever you do something that’s out of your
comfort zone, buy yourself a small treat, take yourself out to a nice meal, or spend time doing other activities that
you enjoy. 53 .
Surround yourself with supportive people.
Ask friends and family for encouragement and support. Tell your closest friends, family members, or
partners what you’re trying to do and why. 54 . Whenever you feel hesitant, just know you have a whole
team of people ready to celebrate your accomplishments.
55 .
Get rid of things that’ll give you an excuse not to try something. For example, if your goal is to socialize
with more people, turn off your phone when you go to a party or gathering so you won’t be tempted to use it as a
distraction. Your environment can block or help your progress, so do what you can to improve it to guarantee
success.
A．Adjust your goals in time
B．Your experiences can inspire them
C．Change your environment to help you grow
D．Overcome fear by adopting a positive mindset
E．They’ll be more than happy to get behind you and cheer you on
F．This will motivate you to step out and experience different possibilities
G．Try new activities and gain wide perspectives by following these strategies
（2024·陕西咸阳·三模）So, you want to learn how to get the most out of your reading experience. Reading
effectively is a piece of cake whether you’re reading for school or fun. The following tricks will not only help you
comprehend the information you’re learning, but make the reading experience much more enjoyable.
Skim through the text.
Get a preview of what’s to come by flipping through the pages. Once you have the basic idea of what you’re
reading, scan through the table of contents and headers or flick through the pages. Glance over any images,
graphs, or illustrations. 56
Take notes while you read.
Practice active reading by taking notes. Before grabbing your notebook, wait until you’ve finished reading or
skimming through a complete section or idea. 【并列关系】 57 . Be sure to include the page number
and source you’re summarizing in your notes so that you can refer to the text later.
Think about what you’ve read.
58 Once you reach the end of a main idea, section, or chapter, take a few moments to let everything
soak in before you get back to reading. 59 Identify the author’s bias, assess the evidence, and observe
your immediate reactions. Ask yourself whether you agree with the position that’s being presented or the direction
of the plot.
60Link what you read to your existing knowledge or past experiences. Instead of treating the text as an
isolated piece of writing, link it to previous readings. If a plot point reminded you of something from your own
life, make a mental note of it. If you can connect the examples in the journal article with something you learned in
class, jot down those similarities.
A．Make personal connections to the material
B．Set aside a few minutes to keep everything in mind
C．Pause between main ideas to process the reading material
D．Don’t be afraid to question the text and make your own assumptions.
E．Remember: trying to be as fast as possible is the first thing you should consider
F．Summarize the main idea in your head, and then write the main points and concepts
G．Take a few seconds to read the text quickly, including the notes, to spot eye-catching key words.
七、阅读理解七选五真题演练（逻辑关系，片段式，10例）
一、总分关系
【逻辑关系01】【2016全国I卷】
…
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My
elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
38 Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the
alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me”
would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”
…
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
二、解释关系
【逻辑关系02】【2019全国II卷】Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable.
You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
E. They can change according to circumstances.
三、例证关系
【逻辑关系03】【2020新高考卷】
Never mind that most travelers nowadays have smart phones with built－in alarm clocks.__17__ Here are
some examples. At the Wolcott Hotel, if a wake－up call is unanswered, they will send an employee to your
door. At Las Ventanas al Paraiso, an employee shows up at your room to wake you up with tea, coffee and
breakfast bread. At the Mandarin Oriental, a person rather than an automated system will call to wake you up.
F. The human wake－up call is a way to personalize a guest’s stay.
四、并列关系
【逻辑关系04】【2016全国II卷】
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers ( 肥料). 18
However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes
from our earliest years.
E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.
【逻辑关系05】【2020新高考卷】
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.__19__ And like everything else in life，that takes practice.
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
五、递进关系
【逻辑关系06】11【2023全国甲卷】
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more
optimistic. 37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of
California.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
六、转折关系
【逻辑关系07】14【2019全国II卷】
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can't become
one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess your goals, and motivate
yourself to set a fresh goal.
C. However，this should not discourage you.【逻辑关系08】【2017全国III卷】
Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve
tried a new method for a week，take a look at your record.__20__ If not，take another look at other methods you
could try.
E. If the steps you take are working，keep it up.
七、因果关系
【逻辑关系09】【2020新高考卷】
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake
is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact. most people only absorb about 20
percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious
one.__18__
C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.
【逻辑关系10】【2017北京卷】
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know that, while awake, fresh
memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take
place while we sleep have been unclear.
E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
