文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题39 阅读理解之猜测词义题（练案）原卷版
（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情 P 1
二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图 P2
三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练 10 例 P 2
四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟 20 篇 P 4
【名校模拟一：单词类猜测词义题】 P 4
【名校模拟二：短语类猜测词义题】 P1 1
【名校模拟三：句子类猜测词义题】 P 17
【名校模拟四：代词类猜测词义题】 P 23
一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情
2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1
2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3
2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1
二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练
【真题演练01】（2023浙江1月卷第24题）
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a
more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing.
C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision.
【真题演练02】（2023浙江1月卷第29题）
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documentsand prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
【真题演练03】（2022新高考I卷第30题）
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
【真题演练04】（2022新高考II卷第30题）
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
【真题演练05】（2022全国甲卷第28题）
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing
and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【真题演练06】（2021新高考I卷第30题）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were
alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural
resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades
to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of
market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to
feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
【真题演练07】（2021新高考II卷第30题）
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were
asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the
morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
【真题演练08】（2021全国甲卷第29题）Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a good skater.
29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
【真题演练09】（2021全国乙卷第25题）
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use
it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
【真题演练10】（2020全国I卷第25题）
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
26. What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt. B. Reward.
C. Allowance. D. Face value.
四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟
【名校模拟一：生词类猜测词义题】
（2024·重庆·三模）Handwriting notes in class might seem outdated as smartphones and other digital
technology cover every aspect of learning across schools and universities. But a steady stream of research
continues to suggest that taking notes the traditional way is still the best way to learn, especially for young
children. And now scientists are finally zeroing in on why.
The new research, by Audrey van der Meer and Ruud van der Weel at the Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), builds on a foundational 2014 study suggesting that people taking notes by computer
were typing without thinking. “It kind of goes in through your ears and comes out through your fingertips, but you
don’t process the incoming information,” she says. But when taking notes by hand, it’s often impossible to write
everything down; students have to actively pay attention to the incoming information and process it — prioritize
it, consolidate it and try to relate it to things they’ve learned before. This conscious action of building ontoexisting knowledge can make it easier to stay engaged and grasp new concepts.
To understand specific brain activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, the researchers
sewed electrodes (电极) into a hairnet with 256 sensors that recorded the brain activity of 36 students as they
wrote or typed 15 words from the game Pictionary that were displayed on a screen.
When students wrote the words by hand, the sensors detected widespread connectivity across many brain
regions. Typing, however, led to minimal activity, if any, in the same areas. Handwriting set off connection
patterns covering visual regions, which receive and process sensory information, and the motor cortex (运动皮层).
The latter handles body movement and sensorimotor integration, which helps the brain use environmental inputs
to inform a person’s next action.
Sophia Vinci-Booher, an assistant professor of educational brain science at Vanderbilt University, says,
“People may not realize when they materialize something by writing or drawing it, this strengthens the concept
and helps it stick in their memory.”
1．What do we know about the new research?
A．It is an initial study on note-taking.
B．It offers a new note-taking method.
C．It finds the evidence for previous finding.
D．It introduces how to take notes effectively.
2．What does the underlined word “consolidate” probably mean in paragraph 2?
A．Integrate. B．Demonstrate. C．Obtain. D．Share.
3．What happens in the brain when taking notes by hand?
A．Visual systems are lacking in activities.
B．Some brain areas are highly involved.
C．Sensory information is processed rapidly.
D．The motor cortex accepts visual information.
4．What is Sophia Vinci-Booher’s attitude towards the new research?
A．Approving. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
（2024·云南曲靖·二模）Fly on a lamp on a summer evening and, within minutes, insects will begin to
gather near the lamp. This behavior has given rise to a popular simile (比喻) that describes attraction: “like a moth
(蛾) to a flame.” Though insects have been “drawn” toward bright light sources for a long time, scientists never
truly understood why. Now, they may finally have an answer.
Insects aren’t attracted to artificial lights, according to a new paper published Tuesday in the journal Nature
Communications. Rather, the glow (光) might be interfering with their natural sense of direction. The insects yousee circling street lights, in other words, are likely lost.
The new finding depends on a theory about navigation. When insects fly, they can experience whole body
acceleration up to five times greater than the acceleration caused by gravity. As such, it can be difficult for them to
know which way is up and which way is down as they fly through the air.
The study authors suspect insects rely on the glow coming from stars, planets and the moon to reorient (定
方向) themselves. For most of Earth’s history, the sky was the brightest source of light at night, so flying insects
turned their bodies to make their backs face skyward. But then, artificial light entered the picture.
To reach these conclusions, scientists used high-resolution cameras to film insects flying around artificial
lights in Costa Rica. They also attached tiny sensors to dragonflies and moths, then filmed motion-capture videos
of them in flight. Together, these methods allowed researchers to slow down the insects’ normally fast pace and
study their movements in greater detail. The footage showed insects turning their backs toward sources of
artificial light — even at the price of crashing.
If the light’s above them, they might start orbiting it. When they fly directly over a light, they fly
themselves upside down and that can lead to crashes. It really suggests that the moth is confused as to which way
is up. After running some experiments, researchers determined that light shining straight down provided the least
disruption to insects’ flight. Lights that pointed straight up, on the other hand, caused the most difficulties.
5．What does the underlined word “interfering” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．Disturbing. B．Boosting. C．Restoring. D．Balancing.
6．What can we infer about the insects?
A．Body acceleration weakens for them in flight.
B．Light from stars is harmful to their navigation.
C．They often fly at a very slow speed.
D．They fly with their backs facing light.
7．What causes minimum harm to insects’ flight?
A．Light pointing upward. B．Light pointing backward.
C．Light shining downward. D．Light shining forward.
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Is It Good to Be Like a Moth to a Flame?
B．Why do Flying Insects Gather near Light?
C．How Fast Can Insects Fly at Night?
D．How does Insect Flight Evolve?
（2024·四川德阳·三模）The blue whale holds the current record as the largest creature to live on Earth,but a collection of bones found in Per u might break that record. Researchers have identified a whale species
called Perucetus colossus in the publication Nature. Bones from this species, including backbones weighing over
100 kilograms each and ribs measuring nearly 1. 4 meters long, were found by Mario Urbina in 2012 in the Ica
desert.
The area where the bones were found was once underwater, making it a rich source of ocean fossils. The
find resulted in 13 backbone vertebrae (脊椎), four ribs and a hip bone. The large fossils date back to around 39
million years ago. Alberto Collareta, a lead writer of the study, described the fossils as unlike anything he had ever
seen before.
The researchers used 3D scanners to study the bones’ surface and also looked inside. Based on the
incomplete skeleton, the team estimated that the ancient creature weighed somewhere between 85 and 340 metric
tons. Comparatively, the largest blue whales found fell within that range, at around 180 metric tons. The Perucetus
colossus measured about 20meters long, while blue whales can reach 30 meters in length. This means the newly
discovered whale was “feasibly the heaviest animal ever,” said Alberto Collareta. But he added, “it was most
likely not the longest animal ever.”
Interestingly, the density and weight of the Perucetus colossus’ bones were much higher than those of a
blue whale. This suggests that the colossal whale may have inhabited shallower coastal waters, similar to other
coastal animals with heavy bones.
Another researcher, Amson, said, without the skull, it is hard to know what the whale was eating to support
such a huge body. It is possible that the large creature sought food along the seafloor, the researchers said. Or it
could have eaten up tons of smaller sea life in the ocean. Swiesen, a paleontologist, added that he would not be
surprised “if this thing actually fed in a totally different way that we would never imagine.”
9．What do Paragraphs 1 and 2 say?
A．Massive prehistoric oceanic bones were unearthed in Peru.
B．Peru was considered to be a place rich in ancient whales.
C．Researchers found the bones underwater in Peru waters.
D．A new finding of bones was made about the whale family.
10．What does the underlined word “feasibly” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Barely. B．Possibly.
C．Actually. D．Undoubtedly.
11．What are researchers uncertain about as for Perucetus colossus?
A．Its weight. B．Its length.
C．Its feeding behavior. D．Its natural habitat.12．Which is a suitable title for the passage?
A．An Ancient Whale May Be Heaviest Animal Ever Found
B．A Whale Species Uncovers the Diversity of Marine Life
C．The Fossil Discovery in Peru Puzzles World Researchers
D．The Backbones Give New Insights about the Blue Whale
（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Scarcity is a common condition of human existence. Everyday
circumstances of limited resources can make individuals experience a sense of scarcity. Scarcity functions like an
obstacle to goal pursuit, which intensify the value of goal.
Scarcity prioritizes our choices and it can make us more effective. The time pressure of a deadline focuses
our attention on using what we have most effectively. When we have little time left, we try to get more out of
every moment. For example, we are more frugal with the toothpaste as the tube starts to run empty, and college
seniors tend to get the most out of their time before graduation.
Many stores strategically create perception of scarcity to motivate consumer behavior. For example, the
pricing practice of limiting number of items per person can lead to increased sales. The sign implies that the items
are in short supply and the fear of missing out can have a powerful effect on shoppers.
For an item that is attractive to begin with, its attractiveness will intensify when it is scarce. For instance,
warning labels on violent television programs, designed to decrease interest, often backfire and increase in
watching the programs.
The scarcity effect explains why shyness often is considered an attractive attribute? Experts say that
“playing hard to get” is a most effective strategy for attracting a partner, especially in the context of long-term
love. A “hard to get” player likes to appear busy, create interest and keep the suitors guessing. However, playing
hard to get is less effective in men, as they are the ones who are socially expected to initiate the relationship.
Scarcity also contributes to an interesting and a meaningful life. Scarcity shows that reminding individuals
of the reality of death increases the value of life. Midlife often heightens the feeling that there is not enough time
left in life to waste. We overcome the illusion (幻觉) that we can be anything, do anything, and experience
everything. We restructure our lives around the needs that are essential.
13．What does the underlined word “frugal” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Economical. B．Flexible. C．Anxious. D．Sensible.
14．Why do warning labels fail to stop people watching violent programs?
A．Because the programs have appealing openings.
B．Because there are few violent programs available.
C．Because the message on warning labels isn’t clear.D．Because people want things that they cannot get.
15．Which of the following shows the effectiveness of the scarcity strategy?
A．A car company constantly launches new model cars.
B．A restaurant puts up a “two cans per person” poster.
C．A man pretends to be busy in front of his girlfriend.
D．A 50-year-old tries things he has never done before.
16．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A．To prove a theory. B．To offer a solution.
C．To illustrate a phenomenon. D．To challenge a concept.
（2024·陕西榆林·三模）Fingerprints have been used to identify individuals for centuries. But now
scientists may have finally figured out how those patterns are formed, according to a paper published in the
journal Cell in February.
Previous studies have shown that fingerprints can be influenced by the shape and size of the blood vessels
in the skin and how fast the different layers of skin grow. Denis Headon at the University of Edinburgh, UK, and
his colleagues started their study from a new viewpoint: how genes affect fingerprint patterns. They identified the
genes related to limb (肢体) development, which could serve as the groundwork for print formation, according to
their work published in 2022.
However, many genes are not involved in the process. “The key is how they form,” Headon told Nature, a
science journal. The team studied the ridges (脊) on mouse toes and human cells grown artificially.
They found two kinds of elements work against each other. A protein called WNT, which is important in
skin development, promotes ridge formation. Another molecule (分子), called BMP, impedes the ridges. With the
two elements “fighting” each other, they create the patterns of waves. The team also changed the timing and the
location of the origins of the waves in experiments. They discovered that the waves would collide in different
ways, which helps to create the diversity of print patterns.
Interestingly, the analysis of the fingerprint patterns supported the Turing reaction-diffusion system. It was
first proposed by UK scientist Alan Turing in 1952 to describe a self-organizing system that creates patterns in
nature, such as the feather patterns in birds and stripes on zebra. The researchers also built a computer model that
can recreate print patterns by following the Turing system.
Based on the new study, it may be possible that the structures of human skin might be all generated by the
same mechanism, Sarah Millar, a US biologist, told the website Science News. However, more studies on how the
skin matures are needed to solve the mystery.
17．What did Denis Headon and his colleagues focus on in their study?A．The relation between skin growth and fingerprint formation.
B．The influence of blood vessels on fingerprint patterns.
C．The impact of genes on fingerprint patterns.
D．The analysis of mouse toes’ ridges.
18．What approach did the researchers adopt to conduct the study?
A．They experimented with mouse toes and artificial human cells.
B．They compared mouse toes with human hands.
C．They did research on human hand anatomy.
D．They planted human cells in mouse toes.
19．What does the underlined word “impedes” in paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Supports. B．Stops. C．Generates. D．Influences.
20．What can be inferred about the study from the last paragraph?
A．It uncovers how the skin is generated.
B．It promotes Alan Turing’s theory.
C．It may further research on skin maturation.
D．It shows the mechanism of skin formation.
【名校模拟二：短语类猜测词义题】
（2024·河北衡水·模拟预测）Flaco the owl (猫头鹰) is gone, but his life had all the elements of a classic
hero’s story, not soon forgotten. Flaco lived a dozen years in a comfortable cage in the Central Park Zoo where
little happened and less was needed. His life was a safe existence without freedom. Then, a year ago, someone
released him.
On Friday, when he died of injury, perhaps from a collision (碰撞) with a Manhattan apartment building’s
glass windows, his death offered us a chance to reckon with the question at the heart of many a hero’s journey:
Can we put a price on freedom?
Flaco’s liberation from his cage came at a cost — he spent the final year of his life free, but threatened from
all sides by a booming city. Was it worth it?
Almost from the moment he was released, Flaco became a symbol of hope for many of the people who
followed his story and recognized parts of themselves in him. Some saw him as the symbol of the American
dream, an outsider who had come to Manhattan and made a life for himself here, like millions of others who
arrived penniless and unconnected in search of freedom.
As a result, he flew around the city. We were terrified that he’d succumb to (屈服于) the dangers of city
life. Flaco had no experience living outside a cage, and New Yorkers initially doubted his chances of survival. Weworried that he’d eat a rat with enough poison in its system to kill him. But Flaco never looked back. Perhaps
freedom itself was the home he’d discovered.
And though we feared for him, his new life excited us. How many of us, our circumstances familiar and
sale, are too frightened to seek our more fully realized selves?
How many of us, viewing our confinements as nothing out of the ordinary, have long stopped wondering
what our wings are for?
Have we not all desired a life beyond the range of the one we lead? Flaco showed that our desire is not
misplaced. His choice proved a truth that given a chance, living things choose freedom of movement.
21．What do the underlined words “reckon with” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Bring up. B．Deal with. C．Reflect on. D．Look into.
22．What happened to Flaco the owl after he was released from his cage?
A．He died a natural death.
B．He was caught and returned to the zoo.
C．He died from a collision with a building.
D．He lived a free life but faced many threats.
23．What was the initial reaction of New Yorkers towards Flaco’s release?
A．They were excited and supportive.
B．They were worried about his survival.
C．They were indifferent and unconcerned.
D．They were angry and opposed to his release.
24．What does the author want to convey through the story of Flaco?
A．The importance of protecting wildlife.
B．The risks and rewards of seeking freedom.
C．The value of overcoming challenges in life.
D．The need for more awareness about animal rights.
（2024·安徽·一模）Fashion designers have a big say in what’s considered beautiful. They pick who’s in
their shows and ads, shaping what’s celebrated as beauty. But this power also means responsibility — it can be
used to leave people out or lift them up.
When I was young, fashion was my world. I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore,
desiring to be tall, thin, and have long, shiny hair to fit the ideal. I wanted to be like those models, so I stopped
eating. It was a tough time; my eating disorder consumed me. It took years to break free from its control, allowing
me to focus on my true passions.For so long, the fashion industry has worked hard to set an ideal of beauty that celebrates thin, young, white,
and able-bodied models as the ideal. It’s impossible not to be exposed to images of models that have been
photoshopped to where there’s not a single spot in sight. This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly,
around 91% of women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny
themselves.
There’s progress — models and musicians promote body positivity. However, the pressure to meet unrealistic
standards remains. Changing these standards involves bravely celebrating diverse beauty. True inclusivity goes
beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating. Young
designers often overlook this crucial aspect. Hiring plus-size or transgender photographers, diverse casting
directors, or makeup artists who understand the importance of accommodating to various skin tones, is vital for an
overall approach.
We aimed to redefine the “bikini body” standards. However, the goal isn’t for the consumer’s body to change
but for clothes to accommodate all sizes. We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they
shop. It’s our responsibility as designers to challenge this narrow beauty definition. My hope is for future teens to
escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities.
25．What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Classified carefully. B．Read attentively.
C．Compared thoroughly. D．Recommended sincerely.
26．What is the impact of the initial beauty ideals set by the fashion industry?
A．Causing self-denial. B．Generating individuality.
C．Focusing on true passions. D．Contributing to self-confidence.
27．What can be inferred about true inclusivity?
A．It encourages personal effort. B．It satisfies traditional standards.
C．It focuses on physical appearances. D．It calls for diversity and cooperation.
28．Which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A．Customers will change their body shapes.
B．Future teens will redefine fashion standards.
C．Fashion should celebrate everyone’s uniqueness.
D．“Bikini body” standards should be strengthened.
（2024·河南三门峡·三模）Wandering around his spacious plantation in the hills outside Los Angeles,
Luke has the swagger (阔步) of an actor who has made it in Hollywood. After six successful years in the movies
he lives in an open-plan home with mountain views, a large swimming pool and staff who bring him steak or juicewhen required. A driver is on hand to take him into the city when he gets a call to shoot an ad or make a paid
appearance at an event, for which he commands a fee equal to a week’s pay for a lowlier actor. Luke turns heads
like few other artists. His agent’s only complaint is that, given half a chance, he might try to eat his co-stars.
As a 500lb African lion, Luke has to deal with challenges not experienced by other actors. But lately, he
and his human colleagues have found a common cause. Writers and actors in America have been on strike for half
of 2023. One of the reasons for their bust-up with the studios was the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in film
and television production. Writers worry that AI will soon create massive scripts, while actors fear that, as the
technology improves the quality of computer-generated imagery (CGI), they may be replaced by digital stand-ins
(替身).
Well, at present, for most human actors, that is still an assumed worry. But for four-legged screen stars it is
already a reality. Work for animal actors is drying up as computer graphics offer an easier-and, some argue, more
humane-way to portray creatures on screen. As AI makes those special effects still more realistic and easier to
produce, the replacement of real animals with digital ones is accelerating, in television and advertising as well as
in high-end movies.
As demand for animal actors declines, their owners and trainers are leaving the business. Luke and his
colleague, Maasai, who lies dozing in a nearby place, are the last two working lions in Hollywood.
29．Which can describe Luke’s life shown in Paragraph l?
A．Easy and comfortable. B．luxurious and fashionable.
C．Risky and dangerous. D．Busy and efficient.
30．What does the underlined part “bust-up” (in para. 2) probably mean?
A．Lack of confidence.B．Sympathy. C．Breakup. D．Harmonious relationship.
31．What does AI mean to human actors?
A．A great tool. B．An urgent threat. C．A promising career. D．An imaginary fear.
32．What can be concluded from the passage?
A．AI has limited influence on animal actors.
B．Animal actors are to withdraw from the stage.
C．Digital animals cost more than animal actors.
D．The decline of animal actors harms the business.
（2024·河南南阳·模拟预测）Baleen whales (须鲸) play a vital role in marine ecosystems. To
communicate across vast distances and find each other, baleen whales depend mainly on the production of sounds
that travels far in dark oceans. However, since whale songs were first discovered more than 50 years ago, it
remained unknown how baleen whales produce their complex sounds — until now.A new study led by voice scientist Coen Elemans reported that baleen whales evolved unique structures in
their throat that enable their low-frequency sounds, but also limit their communication range.
To understand how muscle activity could change the calls, the researchers built a model of the entire whale
throat. As a result, the researchers found baleen whales have a U-shaped tissue in their throat that allows them to
breathe in huge amounts of air. They also have a unique fatty cushion (垫子)that isn’t found in other animals.
When the whales push air from their lungs past the fatty cushion, it starts to produce very low-frequency
underwater sounds. What’s more, the throat evolution of baleen whales lets them sing underwater without the risk
of choking and drowning.
However, the researchers found while baleen whales are able to make a wide range of different sounds,
they can’t produce sounds louder than noise from shipping lanes (航道), drilling activity and so on, which limits
their communication range. Since baleen whales can’t sing loud enough to gloss over the noise from ships, they
can’t hear each other properly, which means some can’t mate. Being unable to find a mate would in turn threaten
their future population numbers.
“Regrettably, the frequency range and maximum communication depth of 100 meters we predict, overlaps
completely with the dominant frequency range and depth of human-made noise caused by shipping traffic. Now
we show despite baleen whales’ amazing physiology, they can’t escape the noise humans make in the oceans. We
need strict regulations for such noise, because these whales are dependent on sound for communication,” Elemans
said.
33．What is the result of the evolution of baleen whales’ throat?
A．They breathe in more air than other species.
B．They send their low sounds farther than before.
C．They communicate with other whales more easily.
D．They have a lower risk of dying while singing underwater.
34．What does the underlined part “gloss over” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Decrease. B．Control. C．Cover. D．Change.
35．What does Elemans want to convey in paragraph 5?
A．Baleen whales’ physiology needs to be studied.
B．Measures should be taken to control man-made noise.
C．Baleen whales can communicate in 100-meter deep sea.
D．The damage from shipping traffic is beyond expectation.
36．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Baleen Whales Have a Unique ThroatB．Baleen Whales Are Getting into Trouble
C．Man-Made Noise Causes Pollution to the Ocean
D．Human Noises Disturb Baleen Whales’ Communication
（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·二模）The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is one of the best books I have read
in years. This is a page turner with complex characters and situations that will make you think hard about
friendship, good and evil, betrayal, etc. It is intense and a great book by many measures.
On one level, The Kite Runner is the story of two boys in Afghanistan and Afghan immigrants in America.
It is a story set in a culture that has become of increasing interest to Americans since the September 11, 2001
attacks. It also explores the history of the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan. On this level, it provides a good way
for people to learn more about Afghan history and culture in the context of the story.
Looking at The Kite Runner as a story about culture, however, misses what the book is really about. This is
a novel about humanity. This is a story about friendship, loyalty, cruelty, longing for acceptance, redemption, and
survival. The core story could be set in any culture because it deals with issues that are universal.
The Kite Runner looks at how the main character, Amir, deals with a secret in his past and how that secret
shaped who he became. It tells of Amir’s childhood friendship with Hassan, his relationship with his father and
growing up in a privileged place in society. I was drawn in by Amir’s voice. I sympathized with him, cheered for
him and felt angry with him at different points. Similarly, I became attracted by Hassan and his father. The
characters became real to me and it was difficult for me to put the book down and leave their world.
I highly recommend this book, especially for book clubs. For those of you who are not in a reading group,
read it and then loan it to a friend. You are going to want to talk about it when you finish.
37．The underlined words “a page turner” probably mean that the book is ________.
A．abstract B．thrilling C．ridiculous D．tough
38．The greatest charm of The Kite Runner lies in ________.
A．the beauty of language
B．the history of the Taliban
C．the reflection of humanity
D．the culture of immigrants
39．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A．The story can provide inspiration for readers of various cultures.
B．The author always feels sympathy for the main character, Amir.
C．The story is set in the September 11, 2001 attacks in America.
D．The secret helped Amir to grow up in a privileged place in society.40．What type of writing is the passage?
A．An advertisement of a book. B．An introduction to a book.
C．A summary of a book. D．A review of a book.
【名校模拟三：句子类猜测词义题】
（2024·北京·三模）Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution,
which has occurred ever since men were organized into units larger than the family. In the past human race
managed to survive it. Why should it not continue to survive even if wars go on occurring from time to time?
Moreover, people like war, and will feel frustrated without it. And without war there will be no adequate
opportunity for heroism or self-sacrifice.
Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present,
it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before
long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will
never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon
international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most
skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy
to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe
this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and at
worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of
them.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome.
It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the
world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to
be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach
agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that
the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb.
41．From the passage we can learn that war now is ______.
A．as bad as in the past B．worse than in the past
C．as necessary as in the past D．not so dangerous as in the past
42．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Men, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between the two.
B．Modern technology has empowered man to choose whether to have war or not.C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all.
D．People will eventually destroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern times.
43．As for ideology, what does the author intend to tell us?
A．Certain ideology is superior regarding its truthfulness.
B．It is useless to adopt an ideology to prevent war.
C．Not every ideology is not worth fighting for.
D．It is wrong to follow any ideology.
44．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．War or No War, That Is A Question
B．Nuclear Weapons Bring the End of Human Race
C．Towards a Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration
D．From Ideology to Negotiation: A New Approach to International Conflicts
（2024·广东梅州·模拟预测）Have you ever been hungry and tired and wished you could solve both
problems at once? If you were a reindeer, it would be easy. According to new research, these talented deer can
have a snooze while they chew their food.
Like cows and about 200 other mammals, reindeer use a process called rumination to break down the tough
plant fibers they eat. This process involves passing the food back and forth between their mouth and the four
chambers of their stomach, chewing it repeatedly until all the nutrients have been absorbed. All that chewing
seems to leave very little time for sleep.
To find out their secret to getting enough rest, scientists fitted four female reindeer in a stable with devices
that monitored their brainwaves. While the reindeer were ruminating, their brainwaves were similar to the patterns
shown during light sleep. The animals sat or stood quietly with their eyes closed, and they were less likely than
usual to react to the rustling of a neighboring deer’s movements. “They were in a very relaxed state,” researcher
Melanie Furrer told Science News.
The chewing motion made it hard for the researchers to tell whether the animals’ brain waves were truly in
sleep mode, bringing the benefits of a night’s rest. But when they tested the deer again after rumination, the
animals’ brain activity showed that they felt rested.
If reindeer are kept awake for too long, they need extra “recovery sleep” to catch up. After ruminating,
however, the deer did not need as much recovery sleep. Study co-author Gabriela Wagner told NPR that
ruminating serves two different purposes at the same time. “Not only does it help them to get the most energy out
of the food they have,” she said, “but it also makes sure that their brain gets enough rest and they get the sleep
they need.”45．What does the underlined sentence in Para 1 mean?
A．It is easy for reindeer to be hungry.
B．Reindeer can eat and sleep simultaneously.
C．People can not solve the problem like a reindeer.
D．Reindeer are talented so that they can solve the problem.
46．What can we learn about rumination?
A．It allows reindeer to absorb all the nutrients.
B．It functions because of the four chambers of stomach.
C．Reindeer use rumination to pass the food back and forth.
D．All mammals use rumination to break down the fibers they eat.
47．How is para 3 developed?
A．By analyzing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By stating arguments. D．By describing process.
48．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．Ruminating Serves Benefits For Reindeer
B．Ruminating Provides Extra Recovery Sleep
C．Ruminating Allows Reindeer Sleep And Eat
D．Getting Enough Sleep Is Essential For Reindeer
（2024·辽宁大连·一模）Monet gets his place in the art timeline because of his leading role in the
impressionist art movement, and through the lasting appeal of his artistic style. The painting he titled Impression:
Sunrise, done early in his career, may not seem one of Monet’s best paintings, but the big deal about it is that it
was the painting that gave impressionism its name.
Done with oil paint on canvas, this painting is characterized by thin washes of rather mild colors, on top of
which he painted short strokes of pure color. Monet gave depth and perspective to an otherwise flat painting by
the use of aerial perspective (空间透视法). Look closely at the three boats, and you can see how these get lighter
in the tone, which is the way aerial perspective works. The lighter boats appear to be further away from us than
the darkest one.
Monet exhibited the painting in what we now call the First Impressionist Exhibition, in Paris. Monet and a
group of about 30 other artists, frustrated by restrictions and politics of the official annual art salon, had decided to
hold their own independent exhibition, an unusual thing to do at the time. They called themselves the Anonymous
Society of Painters, Sculptors, Engravers, etc., which included artists who are now world famous such as Renoir,
Degas, Pissarro, Morisot, and Cezanne. Monet said he’d called the painting “impression” because “it reallycouldn’t pass as a view of Le Harve”.
Louis Leroy, an art critic, in his review of the exhibition used the title of Monet’s painting as the headline,
calling it the “Exhibition of Impressionists”. Leroy had meant it ironically as the term “impression” was used to
describe a rapidly finished painting of an atmospheric effect, and artists rarely, if ever, exhibited pictures so
quickly sketched. The label stuck. In his review published on 25 April, 1874, Leroy wrote,“Wallpaper in its
embryonic (萌芽期的) state is more finished than that seascape.” Then in a supportive review published a few
days later, Jules Castagnary was the first art critic to use the term “Impressionism” in a positive way.
49．What do we know about Monet’s Impression: Sunrise?
A．It was universally acknowledged as Monet’s best painting.
B．Leroy was deeply impressed by the painter’s remarkable skill.
C．The different tones of the three boats gave depth to the painting.
D．It was exhibited in the official annual art salon with 30 other artists.
50．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．The label met strong opposition from other art critics.
B．The label was stuck to the surface of Monet’s painting.
C．The label was not regarded as a positive image.
D．The label stayed and became widely used after that.
51．Who is the first to use the term “Impressionists”?
A．Monet. B．Leroy. C．Renoir. D．Castagnary.
52．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Impression: Sunrise gave Impressionism its name.
B．Critics had a disagreement over Monet’s painting.
C．Monet is a leading artist of Impressionism.
D．Impressionism is an appealing artistic style.
（2024·宁夏银川·二模）Warming seas across the globe are endangering coral reefs, a key ecosystem that
supports marine life to live and thrive. As a possible way to save them from extinction, scientists have recently
frozen and revived groups of adult corals for the first time, according to a recent study.
Freezing biological materials, or “cryopreserving” them, refers to keeping them in a deep freeze for long
periods without affecting the cells viability (活性), according to the Science Times website.
This method usually cools them to very low temperatures, commonly to-196℃. Since cells would normally
die at such a low temperature due to the formation of ice inside, scientists need to monitor the freezing rate and
choose the freezing medium carefully.Researchers in the US experimented with freezing pea-sized pieces of a common coral in Hawaii. After
removing the microbes on the corals, they sealed the corals in metal containers filled with a chemical solution that
partially dehydrated (脱水) them and helped control ice growth.
When the corals reached a temperature of around -200 ℃, the remaining water in the corals solidified into a
glassy form. The corals were still alive, with their life-driving functions becoming extremely slow. After being
cryopreserved for a few minutes, the researchers pulled the corals out and placed them in warm water. In two
minutes, they started consuming oxygen — a sign of them staying alive.
Previously, researchers had already successfully cryopreserved coral larvae (幼虫), according to a study in
2018. However, the larvae can only be collected when corals spawn (产卵), which happens just a few nights each
year. “That’s putting a lot of eggs in one basket,” US marine scientist Liza Roger told Science News.
This breakthrough offers more hope to the worlds corals, said Roger. However, there’s more work to be
done. A few days after thawing (解冻), the corals became “stressed out” from the process and were killed by the
bacteria they normally live in harmony with. The researchers are working on using antibiotics to help them
survive for a longer period of time.
53．What happened to the corals when they were cryopreserved?
A．They died temporarily.
B．Their life functions slowed down.
C．They remained alive and unchanged.
D．They fed on microbes in the containers.
54．What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．It is not a reliable solution.
B．It needs a large number of eggs.
C．It holds promise for restoring corals.
D．It requires overly expensive technology.
55．What issue do the researchers still need to address?
A．Finding a suitable freezing medium.
B．Identifying the bacteria on the corals.
C．Expanding the collection of coral larvae.
D．Maintaining the corals health after thawing.
56．What might be the main idea of the passage?
A．Bringing dead corals back to life. B．Freeze and revive coral larvae.
C．Find a way to preserve corals. D．Study the conditions of coral growth.（2024·上海金山·一模）One summer night in a seaside cottage, a boy felt himself lifted from bed. Then,
with the swiftness of a dream, he was held in his father’s arms out onto the nearby beach. Overhead the sky blazed
with stars. “Watch!” Incredibly, as his father spoke, one of the stars moved. In a line of golden fire it flashed
across the astonished heavens. And before the wonder of this could fade, another star leaped from its place, then
another, plunging towards the restless sea.
“What’s this?” the child whispered.
“Shooting stars. They come every year on a certain August night. I thought you’d like to see the show.”
That was all: just an unexpected glimpse of something mysterious and beautiful. But, back in bed, the child
stared for a long time into the dark, knowing that all around the quiet house, the night was full of the silent music
of the falling stars.
Decades have passed, but I remember that night still, because I was the fortunate boy whose father believed
that a new experience was more important for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep. No doubt I had all the
usual childhood entertainment, but those are forgotten now. What I remember is the night of the shooting stars,
and the day we rode in a caboose(列车末尾的职工车厢), the telegraph we made that really worked, and the
“trophy table” in the dining room where we children were encouraged to exhibit things we had found — anything
unusual or beautiful — snake skins, seashells, flowers, arrowheads... I remember the thought-provoking(引人深
思的) books left by my bedside that pushed back my horizons and sometimes actually changed my life.
My father had, to a marvellous degree, the gift of opening doors for his children, of leading them into areas
of splendid newness. This subtle art of adding dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t necessarily require a great
deal of time. It simply involves doing things more often with our children instead of for them or to them.
57．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．The child was still immersed in the beautiful scenery just now.
B．The child was too frightened to fall asleep because of darkness.
C．The child wanted to listen more to the music about falling stars.
D．The child felt grateful to his father for what he showed him.
58．All the things the author remember from his childhood are ________.
A．unusual and novel B．dangerous and demanding
C．strange and uncommon D．educational and thought-provoking
59．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Parents should interfere more with their children’s learning.
B．Parents should push their children to try to do everything on their own.
C．Parents should devote energy to exploring new things for their children.D．Parents should encourage children to be curious and explore new things in life.
60．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．Limitless knowledge B．Father, the hero of my life
C．Curiosity aroused that night D．The unusual things in my life
【名校模拟四：代词类猜测词义题】
（2024·宁夏石嘴山·模拟预测）Kids everywhere love to play. And they know that a ball is a perfect thing
to play with. Now scientists report bumblebees (大黄蜂) seem to know the same thing, making bumblebees the
first insects known to play.
Lots of animals play. But the behavior is best known in mammals and birds. For many animals, playing is
often seen as a kind of training for things they’ll have to deal with in later life. But before this, there were no
reports of insects playing.
Dr. Lars Chittka did an earlier experiment, where he trained bumblebees to roll balls into a goal for food.
He noticed some bees were rolling balls even when they weren’t rewarded. He wondered if they were playing.
To test the idea, he with other scientists set up a new experiment. First, they marked 45 young bumblebees,
both male and female, between one and 23 days old. Then they set up a clear pathway from the bumblebees’ nest
to a feeding area. On either side of the open pathway, small colored wooden balls were placed. On one side of the
path, the balls couldn’t move. On the other side, the balls could roll around.
For three hours a day over 14 days, the scientists opened the pathway. The bumblebees never had to leave
the pathway to find food, but they left anyway. They weren’t so interested in the side where the balls couldn’t
move, but they made lots of visits to the side with the rolling balls.
Grabbing the balls with their legs, the bumblebees would beat their wings to pull on the balls, causing them
to roll. The 45 marked bumblebees did this 910 times during the experiment. Though some only did it once, others
did it a lot. The scientists found the younger bumblebees spent more time rolling balls, and that males seemed
more likely to play than females.
The scientists say it’s not clear why the bumblebees roll the balls or whether they enjoy it. But the
experiment raises important questions about how the insects’ minds work and whether they have feelings.
61．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The discovery that many insects like playing.
B．The experiment about mammals’ living habits.
C．The report that bumblebees play for fun.
D．The comparison between insects and birds.
62．What did Dr. Chittka’s experiment focus on?A．Bumblebees’ types. B．Bumblebees’ habitats.
C．Bumblebees’ behavior. D．Bumblebees’ food.
63．What can we learn from the experiment?
A．Male bumblebees tend to play balls more often.
B．Colorful balls are bumblebees’ favourite toys.
C．Younger bumblebees are better at rolling balls.
D．Bumblebees show interest in anything round.
64．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Bumblebees Act Just Like Kids B．Balls Are a Perfect Thing to Play with
C．Playing Is Animals’ Second Nature D．Bumblebees Are First Insect Known to Play
（2024·广西来宾·模拟预测）Lamar Giles is the author of several praised novels and short stories for
young adults. His most recent novel is called The Getaway (Scholastic Press, 2022).
I recently spoke with Giles via video. Born and raised in Virginia, he has had a passion for writing, he told
me, since he was a child. “It was just amusing to me,” he said.
Growing up in Hopewell, Giles experienced poverty and racism. He recalled a frightening moment when he
and his friends were stopped by police officers. “They were pulling out really big, scary weapons,” Giles recalled,
“threatening us for no reason, other than the fact that we were young, Black children.”
When Giles was in his early 20s, he met professional authors who showed him that he could make a living
doing what he loved. At age 21, he saw one of his stories published in a little-known magazine. It took another
decade for Giles to write and publish his first novel.
The challenges Giles met with when growing up proved to be a catalyst (催化剂) for his writing. “When
something scares me, I’ll write about it,” he said. “If I write a story around it, it makes me feel better about the
fear and anxiety.”
The author’s thriller (惊险小说) for young adults, Fake ID (Amistad Books for Young Readers, 2015),
tells the story of Nick Pearson. The character, who is Black, faces racial profiling in his hometown, as Giles did.
Nick is suspected of committing a crime because of his race and his “shady” neighborhood. In one scene, he is
held at the county jail after being falsely accused by a governor of a state.
Giles is also a co-founder of We Need Diverse Books. The nonprofit organization promotes diversity
initiatives in the publishing industry, supporting authors whose stories are often ignored. The goal, Giles said, is to
enable all kids to see themselves in the books they read.
65．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Video. B．Novel. C．Passion. D．Writing.66．Which statement best describes Giles’ childhood?
A．He tried his best to write books. B．He lived in poverty and horror.
C．He lived under police protection. D．He got along well with his friends.
67．How did the challenges Giles met with affect him?
A．They inspired him to write. B．They changed his attitude to life.
C．They prevented him turning a writer. D．They made him become strong-willed.
68．What do we know about the character of Fake ID?
A．He was Giles’ best friend. B．He devoted himself to writing.
C．He was wrongly imprisoned. D．He founded a nonprofit organization.
（2024·安徽·三模）Cheetahs (猎豹) are usually daytime hunters, but the speedy big cats will shift their
activity toward dawn and dusk hours during warmer weather, a new study finds.
Unfortunately for endangered cheetahs, that sets them up for more potential conflicts with mostly
competing animals like lions. “Lions normally kill prey (猎物) themselves, but if they come across a cheetah’s
kill, they will try to take it,” said Bettina Wachter, a behavioral biologist. “The cheetahs will not fight the larger
cats, they will just leave.” Hunting at different times of the day is one way to reduce meetings between large meat-
eating animals.
But the new study found that on the hottest days, when daily temperatures got to nearly 45 degrees Celsius,
cheetahs became more active at night. Kasim Rafiq, co-writer of the study, said, “There’s a greater chance for
more unfriendly encounters and less food for the cheetahs.”
For the current study, researchers placed GPS devices on 53 large meat-eating animals—including
cheetahs, lions, and African wild dogs. Researchers then recorded their position s and hours of activity over eight
years. They compared this data with the highest daily temperature records. While seasonal differences explain
most temperature changes in the time from 2011 to 2018, the scientists say the observed behavior changes offer
information about the future of a warming world.
In future research, the scientists plan to use audio-recording devices and accelerometers (加速度计) —
“like a Fit bit for big cats,” said Rafiq. The goal is to document the number of meetings between large meat-eating
animals.
In addition to competition with lions, cheetahs already face strong pressure from the loss of living space
and conflict with humans. The fastest land animal — cheetahs are the rarest big cat in Africa, with fewer than
7,000 left in the wild.
“These climate changes could become really critical if we look into the future — it’s predicted to become
much warmer in this part of Africa where cheetahs live, in Botswana, Namibia and Zambia,” said Wachter.69．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The lion’s kill. B．The cheetah’s prey. C．The lion. D．The cheetah.
70．Which of the following statements would Kasim Rafiq agree with?
A．Cheetahs would rather sleep in the daytime.
B．Cheetahs will get more food if they hunt later.
C．Cheetahs spend less time hunting than lions.
D．Cheetahs will face strong competition with lions.
71．How is the current study on large meat-eating animals carried out?
A．By placing positioning equipment on them.
B．By documenting their meeting times in summer.
C．By providing them with a Fitbit equipment.
D．By leading them to hunt in different hunt areas.
72．Why will the scientists use audio-recording devices and accelerometers?
A．To show the big influences of climate changes.
B．To protect the environment from being destroyed.
C．To reduce conflicts among large meat-eating animals.
D．To record the frequency of encounters between large meat-eating animals.
（2024·福建厦门·模拟预测）When you try a new restaurant or book a hotel, do you consider the online
reviews? Do you submit online reviews yourself? Do you pay attention if they are filtered (过滤)? Does that
impact your own online review submissions?
In 2010, Yelp shared a video to help users understand how its review filter works and why it was necessary.
In recently published research, T. Ravichandran, Ph. D．from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and his team
compared reviews of over 1,000 restaurants on Yelp to those same restaurants on TripAdvisor, which did not
openly share its review filter policies. They found that the number of reviews submitted to Yelp decreased. Those
submissions were increasingly negative and shorter in length compared to TripAdvisor. Also, the more positive a
review, the shorter it was.
“Platforms are pressured to have content guidelines and take measures to prevent fraud (欺诈) and ensure
that reviews are reliable and helpful,” said Ravichandran. Platforms use advanced software to flag and filter
reviews. Once a review is flagged, it is filtered out and not displayed, and it is not factored into the overall rating
for a business. “However, most platforms do not openly disclose their policies, leading consumers to suspect that
reviews are controlled to increase profit by filtering so-called dishonest content,” Ravichandran added.
Whether or not to disclose review filters is a critical decision for platforms with many considerations. Usersmay put less time and effort into their reviews if they suspect that they have a significant chance of being filtered,
or they may do the opposite to make their reviews less likely to be filtered. Since most false reviews are overly
positive, users may assume that positive reviews are most likely to be filtered and act accordingly.
“Review moderation(审核) openness comes at a cost,”said Ravichandran. “Although openness helps to
position a platform as fair toward advertisers, the resultant decrease in the number of reviews submitted impacts
the platform’s usefulness to consumers.” Online reviews pose great opportunity for firms, but also raise complex
questions. Platforms must earn the trust of users without sacrificing engagement.
73．What did Ravichandran’s research find?
A．Positive submissions to Yelp went up.
B．TripAdvisor adopted better filter policies.
C．Reviews on TripAdvisor dropped in number.
D．Yelp’s practice discouraged longer reviews.
74．Why do platforms use advanced software for reviews?
A．To increase net profit. B．To protect user privacy.
C．To guarantee review reliability. D．To improve business reputation.
75．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Users. B．Reviews. C．Considerations. D．Platforms.
76．What is the best title for the text?
A．Enhance User Trust Through Review Moderation
B．To Filter Online Reviews? Think Before You Start
C．How Review Moderation Openness Shapes User Conduct
D．Online Reviews: Filter the Fraud, But Don’t Tell Us How
（2024·重庆·二模）In 1835, William Talbot finally succeeded in producing a photograph of his country
house. He declared that his was the first house ever known to have drawn its own picture. The drawing was
formed “by the action of light upon sensitive paper. ” Photography offered nature a “pencil” to paint herself
through optical (光学的) and chemical means alone.
By the mid-nineteenth century, people no longer needed to hire a draftsman to draw detailed images
because the process could be completed instantly with a camera. Advocates for the technology stated that not only
was it more precise than the human hand-it was faster and cheaper.
The removal of human fallibility in the creating process was one of photography’s biggest selling points,
but this also started debates about the new medium’s implications for visual culture. Could images made largely
by a machine be considered art? If so, where did human creativity fit in this process?As the twenty-first century becomes increasingly automated (自动化的), more and more people attempt to
identify where human agency exists in the technologically driven world. Images generated with artificial
intelligence by companies like OpenAI are stimulating questions like those that emerged with the coming of the
photograph. By typing a sentence, users can generate “new” images composed from images collected across the
internet. The result has been a flood of AI-generated images in places that are previously unique to human authors.
Painting competitions, commercial graphic design and the fashion of portraiture (肖像) have all since collided
with the technology in troubling ways.
The fine arts were thought to be a final hold-out of human creativity, but the surprisingly high quality of AI-
generated images is producing deeper questions about the nature of originality. If the history of photography tells
us anything, it’s that the debate won’t be settled quickly, straightforwardly or by the institutions we typically
associate with cultural gatekeeping.
77．Why did Talbot declare that his house had drawn its own picture?
A．To downplay human factors in the creation. B．To investigate a supernatural phenomenon.
C．To show his advanced knowledge in science. D．To demonstrate the beauty of his country house.
78．What does the word “it” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The photo of Talbot’s house. B．The image by a draftsman.
C．The technology of a camera. D．The paper sensitive to light.
79．What do OpenAI and cameras have in common?
A．They improve the taste of beauty. B．They advocate fashion designs.
C．They challenge human agency. D．They produce original images.
80．What did the author indicate by referring to the history of photography?
A．Cultural gatekeepers will solve the issue as they did.
B．AI-generated images will go through a similar debate.
C．The nature of originality will be held in human hands.
D．The fine arts will include photography and AI images.
