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专题 14 完形填空说明文
目录
题型综述 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
解题攻略 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
题型 01 利用语义复现解题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
题型 02 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
题型 03 利用逻辑关系解题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
题型 04 利用语境暗示分析法解题 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
高考练场
题型简介说明文是高考英语完形填空中的一种并不常考文体，其主要功能是介绍、解释或说明事物的特征、本
质、性能、状态、用途、原理等。与记叙文相比，说明文的语言更加简练、平实、准确，通常采用客观
描述。文章主题明确，层次分明，作者通常在文章开头就点明说明对象。
命题类型
词汇选择题：主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。
逻辑关系题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的逻辑关系进行选择。
语境理解题：要求考生在理解上下文的基础上，选择最合适的词汇。
解题思路
抓住首句，明确说明对象：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或说明对象，帮助考生快速把握文
章的大意。
理清段落关系：通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面进行说明的，概括
每一段的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系。
弄清说明顺序，把握文章脉络：作者在说明过程中会选择合理的说明顺序（如时间顺序、空间顺
序、逻辑顺序等），把握这些顺序有助于理解文章的整体结构。
关注语境和逻辑：在选择答案时，要结合上下文的语境和逻辑关系，确保所选词汇使文章意思通
顺、逻辑合理。
先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过
多时间。
技巧一：利用语义复现解题
【题型诠释】
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根
词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理
解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。它包括：1.原词复现；2.同义复现；3.反
义复现；4.代词复现等。[示例] While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the
stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my
42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning C．natural D．formal
[示例] Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel 49 . This is true at home as much as
it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good 50 make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the
table.
50.A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends
技巧二：利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
【题型诠释】
在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要
词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们
快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[示例] When men are held up together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyone has little habits of
speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however,
these little habits may become very 50 .
50．A．pleasing B．annoying C．common D．valuable
[示例]... got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me.
28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused
技巧三：利用逻辑关系解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。从逻辑关系的高度整体上把握，就会不
无惊喜地发现逻辑关系才是征服完形填空的最佳途径。所谓逻辑关系并不缥缈，它就隐藏在句子中、句与
句之间以及段落的衔接中。通过逻辑关系的方法，我们可以通过确切、具体的线索，把答案的逻辑意义推
测出来，从而在答案中寻找表现了相同逻辑意义的选项。这样做，使得题目的难度大大降低。[示例] Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are
at your own home? Probably so, 45 you are aware that people judge you by your table manners.
45. A. because B. but C. unless D. though
[示例] As a French graduate who has taught for more than twenty-five years, I believe I have some idea of why
the failure is so total. 55 the faults already found out in the education system as a whole — such as
child-centered learning, the “discovery” method, and the low expectations by teachers of pupils — there have been
several serious 56 which have a direct effect on language teaching.
55. A. Due to B. In addition to C. Instead of D. In spite of
技巧四：利用语境暗示分析法解题
【题型诠释】
在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确
答案。完形填空题中虽然也穿插了对语法、短语和词的辨析、句子结构的考查等，但对文章故事情节发展
线索的逻辑考查仍是重点。
[示例] He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which discussed the idea of how body
chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative __47__. The book made Cousins think
about the possible __48__ of positive attitudes and emotions.
47. A. attitudes B. beliefs C. goals D. positions
48. A. shortcoming B. harm C. benefit D. interest[示例] When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose, or to include 55
ideas or newly discovered information.
55. A. fixed B. ambitious C. familiar D. fresh
（2022全国乙卷）
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly
exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding. They often cover only their
eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are hopelessly
“egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46
that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with
an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.
Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 50 happened when the adult covered her own
mouth: 51 children said that they couldn’t 52 to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were
clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what was asked of them. Their 56 to the
questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 58 mutual
(相互的) recognition and regard. Our 59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is
not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity
57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
(2018年上海高考)
When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with
their dates. 1 , they stick to G-rated activities such as rock- climbing or talking about books.
They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying
activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into 2 . The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child
Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried
alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) 3 in
the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and
suburban areas.
To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the 4 have slimmed considerably.
Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school
students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease
Control statistics. u People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' but
they're 5 the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag
surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less 6 in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs
because in today's society, they no longer need to.
According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up
depending on his or her 7 , exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development,
while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the 8 effect, the study said. In the first 9 , "You'd have
a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect
that there will be more 10 and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State
University who is the author of "iGen： Why Today's Super- Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious,
More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."
In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more 11 about marriage, and driving a car and working for
pay would be important for “ establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But
America is shifting more toward the 12 model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum,
Twenge said. uEven in families whose parents didn't have a college education. . . families are smaller, and the idea
that children need to be carefully 13 has really sunk in. ‘‘ The 14 of 41 adult activities'' could not be attributed
to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on
homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exception of
community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the
15 , the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for
creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.1．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides
2．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．adolescents D．adulthood
3．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes
4．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．amounts
5．A．taking B．avoiding C．sending D．missing
6．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized
7．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits
8．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar
9．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion
10．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases
11．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably
12．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster
13．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated
14．A．implement B．postponement C．achievement D．payment
15．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．result
A
（24-25高三上·山东·阶段练习）China’s space exploration has once again achieved a great success. The
launch of the Shenzhou-19 spacecraft was a memorable moment for all Chinese, marking the beginning of a new
1 in China’s space journey.
The Long March-2F rocket was the perfect 2 for this important mission with its impressive appearance
and stable technology, and the astronauts underwent 3 training.
At zero seconds, with everyone’s hearts 4 , the rocket soared into the sky, leaving a trail of fire and
smoke. Back on Earth, people watched the launch on TV and 5 the astronauts’ progress through live broadcast.
The successful launch and operation of the spacecraft 6 China’s ability to compete with the world’s leading
space agencies.
During the mission, the astronauts will have 7 tasks to accomplish. They will 8 scientific
experiments and prepare for future missions. They will also take time to enjoy the beautiful 9 of Earth from
space. The Shenzhou-19 spacecraft is supposed to 10 its mission after six months in space. The success of the
mission will inspire many young people to pursue their dreams of becoming astronauts.
Since 2003, with each new mission, China has shown its ability to 11 and push the boundaries of human
knowledge. And with its strong scientific and technological 12 , China is sure to make greater achievements in
the future.
The Shenzhou-19 mission is a constant 13 of China’s growing influence in space exploration. It marks a
new era in China’s space exploration and 14 the world’s attention to the country’s development. As China
continues to progress, we can only imagine what the future holds for this 15 nation.
1．A．framework B．chapter C．mode D．platform2．A．option B．combination C．location D．definition
3．A．dramatic B．appealing C．flexible D．demanding
4．A．beating B．sinking C．racing D．melting
5．A．followed B．documented C．monitored D．noticed
6．A．facilitated B．identified C．clarified D．demonstrated
7．A．multiple B．urgent C．physical D．risky
8．A．draw on B．carry out C．bring up D．deal with
9．A．images B．fields C．sights D．figures
10．A．summarize B．occupy C．interrupt D．complete
11．A．wonder B．innovate C．sustain D．apply
12．A．expansion B．background C．introduction D．competence
13．A．reminder B．warning C．operation D．factor
14．A．refer B．limits C．absorbs D．connects
15．A．humble B．powerful C．reliable D．generous
B
（24-25高三上·河南濮阳·阶段练习）Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training.
Ideally, the choice of an 16 should be made even before the choice of the curriculum (课程) in high school.
17 , many people just have a few ideas bouncing around in their minds and most people make several job
choices during their working lives, 18 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their
positions. Actually, the “perfect job” does not exist. Young people should enter into a broad flexible training
program that will prepare them for a field of work rather than just for a single 19 .
Unfortunately, many young people have to make career plans 20 getting proper help from a competent
occupational counselor (置业顾问) or psychologist. Knowing 21 about the occupational world, or themselves
for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 22 . Some drift from job to job. Others 23 to a
piece of work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its 24 prestige (声望). Too many high school
students—or their parents-choose a professional field, 25 both the relatively small percentage of workers in
the profession and the extremely high educational and personal 26 . The imaginary prestige of a profession is
27 good reason for choosing it as a lifetime’s work. What’s worse, these occupations are not always well paid.
Since a large percentage of jobs are mechanical and manual work, the 28 of young people should give
serious 29 to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he/ she wants out of life
and how hard he/she is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction.
Some want security; others are willing to take 30 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its
demands as well as its rewards. So, you must be careful or do some career aptitude tests before making the final
choice to get a head start.
16．A．identification B．accommodation C．entertainment D．occupation17．A．Otherwise B．However C．Thus D．Therefore
18．A．thoroughly B．mainly C．usually D．partly
19．A．means B．job C．tale D．certificate
20．A．without B．via C．with D．through
21．A．little B．more C．much D．less
22．A．chance B．purpose C．basis D．mixture
23．A．apply B．appeal C．accuse D．stick
24．A．imaginary B．inspirational C．generous D．greedy
25．A．concerning B．following C．ignoring D．considering
26．A．priorities B．requirements C．tendencies D．ambitions
27．A．one B．any C．the D．no
28．A．majority B．chorus C．minority D．number
29．A．proposal B．profile C．approval D．consideration
30．A．turns B．parts C．risks D．choices
C
（24-25高三上·黑龙江大庆·期中）During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more
than they need because of sales and promotion or just a plain urge. But what normally 31 the shopping
madness is not 32 but regret. That’s because many people just buy things to fill the emptiness in their hearts,
but accumulating things actually 33 the burden in their minds.
The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 34 to the problem. Danshari is based on three Chinese
characters, duan she li, 35 refusal, disposal and separation. It promotes the idea of removing 36 things
and separating oneself from the drive to own 37 possessions. There are two basic rules that 38 whether
you should keep something — the relationship between you and the item under 39 as well as the timing. So
before you 40 your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I need it now? Does it
suit me?
Danshari encourages you not only to 41 things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with
owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to 42 their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and suitable
items, regularly 43 things you don’t need any more, and then you’ll get freedom in your heart.
However, it doesn’t mean that you should kill your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should
44 yourself rather than material goods. Through 45 what to buy and what to throw away, you can see a
deeper reflection of yourself, therefore learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
31．A．prevents B．promotes C．starts D．follows
32．A．satisfaction B．wealth C．relief D．expectation
33．A．measures B．covers C．relieves D．indicates
34．A．limit B．alternative C．solution D．introduction
35．A．abolishing B．meaning C．violating D．predicting
36．A．unnecessary B．temporary C．used D．updated37．A．private B．valuable C．material D．popular
38．A．prove B．permit C．decide D．affect
39．A．guarantee B．control C．discussion D．consideration
40．A．change B．enter C．provide D．create
41．A．get over B．get along with C．get rid of D．get through
42．A．fix B．risk C．enrich D．simplify
43．A．discover B．recycle C．cherish D．abandon
44．A．reflect on B．focus on C．give up D．cheer up
45．A．choosing B．avoiding C．comparing D．mentioning
D
（24-25高三上·河北邯郸·阶段练习）Every morning at 4:30 a.m., Yang He, a 64-year-old photographer,
wakes up in the 46 hours and drives to the banks of the Yangtze River in Yichang, Hubei province. Upon
arrival, he patiently waits there for finless porpoises (江豚) to come out from the water, hoping to 47 their
beauty.
As a devoted 48 of finless porpoises, Yang has taken more than 100,000 vivid photos of the 49
species in the past six years. “I know this group of finless porpoises very 50 . They are just like my children,”
he says.
Yangtze finless porpoises are so connected to the Yangtze River that any change in the health of it can
support or threaten their 51 . “I first 52 a finless porpoise as a teenager when there were far fewer boats
on the River. I would 53 see them pursuing boats as they made their way down the river,” Yang says, adding
that as human activity increased, they become rare.
Over the past few decades, however, significant measures have been 54 to change the fate of this
species. In 2017, Yang was fortunate enough to spot a finless porpoise after a long 55 . Over the last five years
alone, the population of Yangtze finless porpoises has increased to 1,249, marking a 56 of 23.4 percent.
Today, groups of these creatures can once again be 57 leaping above the water’s surface.
“I will continue to take more beautiful photos of them as long as I am able to 58 a camera and keep
a(n) 59 on them,” Yang says, adding that he will make it his life’s mission to 60 these remarkable
creatures.
46．A．office B．small C．big D．rush
47．A．reflect B．inquire C．photograph D．justify
48．A．admirer B．specialist C．keeper D．subscriber
49．A．motivated B．endangered C．occupied D．caged
50．A．further B．slightly C．little D．well
51．A．comprehensionB．weight C．survival D．vision
52．A．pictured B．trained C．reserved D．encountered
53．A．frequently B．rarely C．occasionally D．never
54．A．called off B．carried out C．put aside D．got across
55．A．reference B．inquiry C．gap D．inference56．A．decline B．tendency C．share D．rise
57．A．justified B．expected C．observed D．dominated
58．A．hold B．abandon C．deserve D．polish
59．A．pace B．ear C．secret D．eye
60．A．advocate B．document C．transform D．donate
