文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题36 阅读理解之七选五五种考法（讲案）解析版
（快问快答+思维导图+考法点拨+真题再练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解七选五快问快答 P 2
二、阅读理解七选五高考考情 P 2
三、阅读理解七选五思维导图 P3
四、阅读理解七选五考法点拨 P 3
考法一：段首小标题句 P 3
考法二：段首主题句/过渡句 P6
考法三：段中瞻前顾后型 P 9
考法四：段尾设空题 P11
考法五：残缺主句或从句型 P1 3
五、阅读理解七选五真题演练(6 篇) P14
六、阅读理解七选五名校模拟(12 篇) P22
模拟一：说明文类型 P22
模拟二：记叙文类型 P26
模拟三：议论文类型 P3 2
模拟四：残缺主句或从句类型 P 34一、阅读理解七选五快问快答
Q1：阅读理解七选五有什么特点？
A1：阅读理解七选五属于阅读理解中档题型，区分度好，需要考生有较强的做题技能和阅读判断能力。
Q2：阅读理解七选五做题步骤如何？
A2：一是“通读”---通读全文把握大意，二是“细读”---以空位单位，结合设空位置和段落结构做出初
步判断。注意先易后难，一时有困难及时放一放，三是“复读”—重点复读有疑问的选项，从设空位置、
前后句逻辑、段落关键词入手多方考虑。
Q3：阅读理解七选五有哪些考查方法？
A3：阅读理解七选五有五大考查方向：一是段首标题句，二是段落主题句/过渡句，三是段中瞻前顾后句，
四是段尾设空题，五是残缺前/后半句型。
Q4：如何提高阅读理解七选五正答率？
A4：一要掌握阅读理解七选五命题规律和选项特征，二要不断扩大词汇量，尤其是3500高考高频词汇，
三要广泛进行阅读实践和专项训练，积累推理判断经验，掌握整体阅读这一要旨，摸索出一套行之有效
的个性化做题模式，四要重视纠错，探寻错误原因，防止出现类似错误。
二、阅读理解七选五高考考情
阅读七选五考查考生对文章内容、结构及上下文逻辑的理解和把握。在一段约300词的短文中留出5
个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
1.选文以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。
2.话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。年份 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 选项特指 字数
新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 使用英语词典的心得 1 4 0 完整句 273+61
2024
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 如何避免过度性旅游 1 3 1 完整句 259+52
新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅的办法 0 4 1 完整句 247+82
2023
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句 261+63
新课标I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 完整句 257+76
2022
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1 4 0 完整句 237+74
新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 完整句 270+83
2021
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1 2 2 完整句 250+75
2020 新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 公开演讲的一些原则 1 3 1 完整句 235+73
三、阅读理解七选五思维导图
四、阅读理解七选五考法点拨
考法一：段首小标题句
【调研01】(2023新课标II卷第39题)Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
…
●Choose mindfully. …
●Get creative. …
● 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. 40 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【解析】39. 答题思路：
第一步：观察标题特征。39.空处为小标题，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知答案在选项A、C、G中选
择。
第二步：寻找关键信息。根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major
holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避
开高峰期，选择合适的时间，
第三步：锁定最佳答案。A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容与下一句逻辑吻合。故选A。
【调研02】(2023全国甲卷第39题)
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
…
●Practice gratitude (感激)
…
● Make yourself wait
…
● 39 .
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when weexperience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “ 40( This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable ) .” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【解析】39. 答题思路：
第一步：观察标题特征。结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知答案在选项A、B、C中选择。
第二步：寻找关键信息。在段落中寻找同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据本段内容“So many of us
have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something
outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯
一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我
们唯一能容忍的状态，
第三步：锁定最佳答案。本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。
故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【调研03】 (2022•全国乙卷39题)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-
distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
..
·More isn’t always merrier
…
·Practise empathy (共情)
…
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary
that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone…
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】39. 答题思路：
第一步：观察标题特征。结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知答案在选项A、B中选择。
第二步：寻找关键信息。在段落中寻找同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。分析文章结构可知，设空处
的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even
more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是
诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，
第三步：锁定最佳答案。下文最后一句Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other
important dates 中 friends’ birthdays 和other important dates 与标题 Remember important dates 呼应。由此
推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，故选A。
考法二：段首主题句/过渡句
高考七选五段首句题占0-1题，根据特定语境，可能是段落主题句，也可能是小标题句和段落之间过
渡句。学会先观察其余标题句特点做到心中有数，然后借助于标题句和空后内容进行提炼加工。【调研04】(2024·新课标I卷第38题)
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect,
professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. No
editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust
my laptop’s spellchecker. 37It takes no account of the context. …
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago
in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. …
…
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
【解析】38.下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other
words whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示
单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不
仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。【调研05】(2022·全国乙第38题和40题)
·Practise empathy (共情)
38 .The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may
feel abandoned.
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible，extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary
that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try
to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】38.G。此空考查段落主旨句，可运用“中心词法”。下文“The friend who is remaining”和
“The one in the new environment”提到朋友的两种不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也
可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和
“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is
remaining”。故选G。
【解析】39. A。此处考查段落小标题，依据其他段落小标题为祈使句，可在选项 A、B、D中确定答案，
再根据下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”可知，周
年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的
方法是A项“记得重要的日子”。故选A。
【解析】40. F。根据本段小标题以及空后句“but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may
require more conscious effort to sustain”可知，维系异地友谊不能只依靠科技，我们要更加自觉地维系异
地友谊，F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”肯定了科技的作用，并同下文衔接紧密。故选F。
【调研06】(2021新课标I卷第39题)
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the comer to the food market to pick up some
groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I
agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
【答案】E
【解析】39. E。这题为第四段第一句话，功能为承接第三段引起第四段。所以大家做题时要看第三段的
内容和第四段的内容，并且概括二段的大意。法国人吃得少的第一点原因是第三段中描述的食物美味，
以至于不需要量太多，你就已经满足。第二个原因在第四段，太昂贵，买不起，所以一次只吃一点点。
故选E。
考法三：段中瞻前顾后型
段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔
接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具
体事实、事例和说明。
解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方
法来解题。【调研07】(2024新课标II卷第38题)
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try
a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【解析】38.前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太
受欢迎的选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-
known sights?( 为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出
建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。
【调研08】(2023新课标I卷第37题)
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of
your personality that you’re proud of.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
37.根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上
写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be
around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.(你有
爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只
要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list
all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，
下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【调研09】(2022新课标I卷第36题)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”. One reason
was：“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read：“
36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【解析】36.C。细节句，上文提到感谢健身伙伴的一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就
会去锻炼”，再根据“while another read”可知，这里陈述另一个感谢健身伙伴的理由。所以C项“如果
你和别人一起锻炼，你会更努力”符合语境。故选C。
考法四 段尾设空题【调研10】(2024新课标II卷第37题)
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. 37
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【解析】37.前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the
landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多
关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个
地方)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己
的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。【调研11】(2024新课标II卷第37题)
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things
you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the
ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【解析】18.根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one,
list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their
homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had
had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极
的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人
累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F “Whatever it
is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下
来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【调研12】(2023全国I卷第37题)
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength
before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and
you got out of bed today. 39
A. Feeling upset again?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
【解析】39. C。本题设空在段尾，首先看前文。根据上文 List all of your accomplishments and
achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有
了一份工作，拿到了学位。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项意思，没有什么事是
太小而不值得庆祝的，对上文的总结概括，符合文意。考法五 残缺主句或从句型
【调研13】(2023全国乙卷第36题)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the
unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are
easy to look after and are not very expensive.
36题答题思路：（并列句残缺前一分句）
第一步：观察设空句子特点。
该空空格后边有个逗号，后边的but非常醒目，表明这是一个残缺前一分句的并列句。
第二步：关注文章结构和上一句。
根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情),
reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增
强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”
结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
这里需要“形意兼顾”，既要考虑搭配完整还要考虑逻辑一致。此处与下文是递进关系，构成 not
only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很
漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【调研13】(2021全国乙卷第36题)
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a
dinner party.
_ 36 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
36题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空句子特点。
该空空格后边有个逗号，后边的but非常醒目，表明这是一个残缺前一分句的并列句。
第二步：关注文章结构和上一句。
根据上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可
知，下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be
adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不
同的食物，和陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。
由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
这里需要“形意兼顾”，既要考虑前边主句完整还要考虑逻辑一致。本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变
得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承
上启下，B项符合题意。
【调研13】(2015全国II卷第38题)
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to
take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 With each day,
increase the distance by a half mile. After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40Now you are ready to figure out a
goal of improving distance and time. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable
for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingG. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
38题答题思路：（简单句残缺介词短语或非谓语）
第一步：观察设空句子特点。
该空空格后边有个逗号，后边的简单句非常醒目，表明这是一个残缺的简单句。
第二步：关注段落标题和后半句。
根据上文中的"During the first week"及下文中的"take a day off to rest"可推知,此处指六天后休息一天。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
结合语境，"During the first week"及下文中的"take a day off to rest"可推知,此处指六天后休息一天，故选
A。
五、阅读理解七选五真题演练
【真题演练01】(2024新课标II卷)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect,
professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not
take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust
my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and
thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my
fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago
in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around
163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the
origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary
of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson,
illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can
be a rewarding experience.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
【答案】36. F 37. B 38. E 39. A 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。
36.上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如
果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中
不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling
mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。
37.上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相
信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses,
but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，
现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到
了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes
no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。
38.下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该
给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的
发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是
用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。
39.下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s
nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”
提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用
频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。
40.上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".
(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏
味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a
dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。
【真题演练02】(2024新课标I卷)阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___36___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on
making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___37___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try
a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___39___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. ___40___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【答案】36. B 37. C 38. E 39. A 40. G
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。
36.前文“Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local
economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and
destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel
offers would be unacceptable in today’s world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的)”
表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，
我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。
37.前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online posts
featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个
地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方)”表明不
要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不
用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。
38.前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的
选择)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?(
为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢)”提出建议，可以选择
一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”语境一致。故选E。
39.空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or
rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，
选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。
40.前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一
开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much
closer you’ll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近)”表示这样做的感受，
G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
【真题演练03】(2024全国甲卷)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should
feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you
love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just
something to eat in between meetings. 37 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to
mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderationif you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 38
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 39 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions
such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain
control over the food you eat and your feelings.
40 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals
keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until
breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive
system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【答案】36. F 37. C 38. E 39. B 40. A
【导读】本语篇是说明文，讲述适度饮食的概念以及提供饮食建议，体现了主题语境中的“人与自我”
饮食话题是人们每日都要讨论和接触的，本篇内容对培养青少年健康的饮食习惯有指导意义。
【解析】
36.上文“Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs, You should feel satisfied at the
end of a meal, but not too full. (基本上，它意味着只吃你身体需要的食物，你应该在用餐结束时感到满足，
但不要太饱)”指出，进餐时不要吃太饱，吃东西要适量。下文“But it doesn’t mean saying goodbye to the
foods you love. (但这并不意味着要告别你喜欢的食物)”指出，适量进食不是要放弃吃自己喜欢的食物。F
项“对我们许多人来说，节制意味着比现在少吃。”解释了何为适量进食。承上启下，符合文意，选项
中的“means”与下文一致。故选F项。
37.根据上文“Take your time. It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious
rather than just something to eat in between meetings. (慢慢来。放慢脚步，把食物看作是有营养的东西，
而不仅仅是会议间隙吃的东西，这一点很重要)”可推知，本段主要建议读者吃东西要细嚼慢咽，不要过于
急躁。C项“上班路上不要狼吞虎咽。”承接上文。符合文意。故选C项。
38.上文“It’s more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies.
(如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适量食用就更具挑战性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食
物不利于适度饮食，E项“相反，你应该选择健康的食物。”符合文意，建议读者选择健康的食物。选项中的“healthy”与上文中的“unhealthy”相对应。故选E项。
39.根据本段首句“Control emotional (情绪的) eating. (控制情绪化进食)”以及下文“Many of us also turn
to food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom.(我们中的许多人也会求助
于食物来处理不愉快的情绪，如悲伤、孤独或无聊)”可推知，本段主要建议读者不要情绪化的进行暴饮暴
食，要进行健康饮食。B项“我们吃东西并不总是为了充饥。”指出有些人吃东西并不总是为了充饥，引
出下文有些人通过食物发泄情绪，符合语境。故选B项。
40.设空处位于段首，总结全段，下文“A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while
eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day, Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier
and fast for 14 — 16 hours until breakfast the next morning. (健康的早餐可以启动你的新陈代谢，而吃少
量健康的食物可以让你一整天都精力充沛，避免在深夜进食。尽量早点吃晚饭，禁食 14 — 16个小时，
直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我们在一天中的每个时间段都要健康饮食。A项“一整天都要适当饮
食。”符合语境。故选A项。
【真题演练04】(2024北京卷)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选
项中有两项为多余选项。
If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox?
According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And
they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors
that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are
good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make
predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but
that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range
of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their
viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and
don’t know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between
being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare
mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. D 38. F 39. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于
个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
35.根据上文“Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答
案)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G 项中 They 指代上文中的
Hedgehog，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方
式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
36.根据上文“They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are good at. (他们专
注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他
们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说
明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
37.根据下文“He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but that they are less
likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions. (他发现，拥有
“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不
相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的
缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面”引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型
思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
38.根据上文“The advantage that foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from
a broader range of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. (“狐狸”型思维方
式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和
下文“They try to include it in their viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. (他们试图将其
纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理
事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故
选F。
39.根据上文“The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”
风格来回答)”和下文“The choice between being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. (成为拥有“刺
猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承
上启下，符合语境。故选A。
【真题演练05】(2024浙江1月卷)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college
experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is
right for you? 37
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious
advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that
many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda
Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the
material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like
what you would do with in person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with
lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to
schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can
motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a
study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【答案】36. G37. F38. A39. D40. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在线学习的注意事项。
36.由上文“In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college
experience. (在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分)”可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟“这种现象的具体表现”有关的话题，故 G选项“A survey found that 29 percent of
college students registered for online courses. (一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。)”能承接上
文，符合题意。故选G。
37.由上文“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (但是所有的在
线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？)”可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续
提出疑问，故F选项“If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? (如
果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
38.由上文“The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime.
(在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习)”可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，
本空要说跟“学习时间”有关的话题，故A选项“But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines. (但这并
不意味着没有最后期限。)”与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合题意。故选A。
39.由下文“He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. (他指出，他的在线学生最
终的成绩通常较低)”可知，本空要说跟“在线老师”有关的话题，故D选项“Professor Alex Davidson
teaches the same course in person and online. (Alex Davidson 教授亲自授课和在线授课)”能引起下文，下
文中的He指代D项中的“Alex Davidson教授”，符合题意。故选D。
40.由下文“A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can
motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a
study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts. (社会关系通常
是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在
线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组
或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念)”可知，本空要说跟“人们之间的互动”有关的话题，故 E
选项“The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. (对在线课程的主要抱
怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选E。
【真题演练06】(2023浙江1月卷) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有利项为多余选项。
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic
vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to
make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all
the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you
discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a
day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your
trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.
Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours
can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside
the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to
travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
【答案】36. D37. G38. C39. E40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36.根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out
very quickly.(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter
when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候
去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，
D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的
夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。
37.根据上文“A good one can sometimes find you discounted tickets. (一个好的旅行社有时可以帮你找到
打折的票。)”以及下文“Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a
day for your meals. (这样你就不必为了吃饭而每天三次在行驶的火车上穿过几节车厢了。)”可知，好的旅
行社帮你预定，不仅可以找到打折的票，还可以节省从卧铺到餐车的距离，G项中“book you in asleeping car that’s right next to the diner”与前后文对应，因此推断G项“他可能还会给你预订餐厅旁边
的卧铺车厢。”符合语境。故选G项。
38.根据上文“When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your
trip is an overnight one.(当你乘坐火车时，你不会免费获得一条毯子，即使你的旅行是过夜的。)”以及下
文“In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. (特别是在夏天，空调会让
他们很冷。)”可知，这里提到了车厢内温度的问题，提醒乘客最好自备毛毯，C项中“The temperature
on rail cars”与前后文对应，因此推断C项“列车上的温度通常很难控制。”符合语境。故选C项。
39.根据上文“Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours
can be a disaster.(大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾
难。)”以及下文“Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times. (注意:时刻
表上列出的时间是出发时间，不是到达时间。)”可知，本段提醒要提前安排时间，错过时间是很麻烦的事
情，E项中“You might have to wait longer”与前后文对应，说明错过火车导致的结果，因此推断 E项
“你可能要等上超过24小时才能赶上下一班。”符合语境。故选E项。
40.根据上文“Have fun.(玩得开心)”以及下文“To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number
of seconds in an hour)by the number of seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two
mileposts).”(要计算你的速度，用3600(一小时的秒数)除以你走一英里(两个里程碑之间的距离)所花费的
秒数。)”可知，本段讲述如何度过乘车时间，A项中讲到火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人与后文要计算时间，
用不同的方式打发时间对应，符合语境。故选A项。
六、阅读理解七选五名校模拟（12篇）
模拟一：说明文类型
（2024·广东佛山·二模）An essential writing skill is the ability to use plain language effectively to
convey ideas clearly. Plain language involves using direct and accessible language with a straightforward
structure. To write in plain language, it is important to follow certain guidelines.
1 The only details necessary are those necessary for understanding. For example, the sign “Wait
behind the yellow line,” at a train platform includes “yellow” so travelers know where to stand.
Plain language avoids using vocabulary that requires specialized knowledge. If you work in IT, you can
comfortably use the word “latency” with your colleagues. 2 But when speaking with someone without
an IT background, you might instead use “slow” to ensure that they know what you’re talking about.
Plain language is more than word choices, though. It also involves structuring writing to prioritize clarity.
3 For example, use clear headers for each section. Mention the topic early in a sentence or paragraph. Write
directly to your reader. 4 Additionally, use the active voice whenever possible to enhance clarity.
It is important to note that not every guideline for plain writing will apply to every piece of writing. The
ultimate goal is to create contents that are accessible and easily understood. By using plain language, youdemonstrate respect for your readers’ time and intelligence. 5
A．That is because they know what it means.
B．This can be achieved in the following ways.
C．Thus, it develops positive relationships with them.
D．In many cases, this means writing in the second person point of view.
E．One key aspect of plain writing is ensuring sentences are as short as possible.
F．This can be especially important for those who speak English as a second language.
G．Plain language reduces the risk of misunderstandings caused by confusing language choices.
【答案】1．E 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了使用通俗易懂的语言写作时需要遵循一些通用的指导原则。
1．根据下文“The only details they include are those necessary for the reader to understand the sentences’
meaning. For example, the sign “Wait behind the yellow line,” at a train platform includes “yellow” so
travelers know where to stand.（它们只包括那些读者理解句子意义所必需的细节。例如，火车站台上，
“请在黄线后面等候”这句话包含了“黄色”，这样旅客就知道应该站在哪里。）”可知，写作时只包
括那些读者理解句子意义所必需的细节。火车站台的例子表明内容要简短。结合选项 E项One key aspect
of plain writing is ensuring sentences are as short as possible.（简洁写作的一个关键方面是确保句子尽可
能短。），和下文内容意思一致，紧密连接，符合语境。故选E项。
2．根据上文“If you work in IT, you can comfortably use the word “latency” with your colleagues.（如果
您从事IT工作，那么您可以轻松地与同事使用“latency”这个词。）”提到您可以轻松地与同事使用
“latency”这个词，以及下文“But when speaking with someone without an IT background, you might
instead use “slow” to ensure that they know what you’re talking about.（但是当你和一个没有IT背景的人
说话时，你可以用“slow”来确保他们知道你在说什么。）”可推测，空处谈论的是和同事们说话用词的
问题，不同背景应该使用不同的词汇。结合选项 A项That is because they know what it means.（那是因
为他们知道这意味着什么。）可知，A项中的they指代的时候上文中的colleagues，这也与下文中的they
指导内容一致，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选A项。
3．根据上文“Plain language is more than word choices, though. It also involves structuring writing to
prioritize clarity.（然而，简单的语言不仅仅是词语的选择。它还包括组织写作，优先考虑清晰。）”提
到简单的语言不仅仅是词语的选择，还包括其它东西，以及下文“For example, use clear headers for each
section. Mention the topic early in a sentence or paragraph. Write directly to your read.（例如，每个部
分使用清晰的标题。在句子或段落的开头尽早提及主题。直接写给读者。）”可知，上文强调组织写作
优先考虑清晰，下文给出了具体的做法。结合选项 B项This can be achieved in the following ways.（这可
以通过以下方式实现。）可知，This 指代的是“It also involves structuring writing to prioritize
clarity.”，“in the following ways”呼应的是下“文 For example, use clear headers for each section.
Mention the topic early in a sentence or paragraph. Write directly to your read.”，起到上下文的承上启下
作用，符合语境。故选B项。
4．根据上文 “Write directly to your read. （直接写给读者。）”，再结合D项“In many cases, this
means writing in the second person point of view.（在很多情况下，这意味着要运用第二人称来写作）”
可知，this指代的是“直接写给读者”这一方法，运用第二人称来写作呼应“直接写给读者”这一语意，
故选D项。
5．根据上文“By using plain language, you demonstrate respect for your readers’ time and intelligence.
（通过使用通俗易懂的语言，你表现出对读者时间和智慧的尊重。）”提到通过使用通俗易懂的语言的好处。结合选项C项“Thus, it develops positive relationships with them.（因此，它与他们发展了积极的
关系。）”中 them，指代的是上文的readers，且和上文内容意思相关，同样介绍其好处，上下文紧密
连接，符合语境。故选C项。
（2024·福建泉州·二模）While most of us work hard to shine at the presentations and speeches we can
prepare for, we may find impromptu (即兴的) communication scary. Actually, you just need to learn specific
skills to communicate effectively when put on the spot. Here are a few pointers.
6 What do you want your audience to know? How do you want them to feel, and what do you
want them to do? Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus.
Then you can prioritize what to say and choose your exact words more wisely.
Organize Your Thoughts. When making formal presentations, most people give a logical structure that
audiences can easily follow. But few of us adequately organize thoughts in impromptu situations. 7 In
fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among specific points, ideas, for
example.
Listen as well as you talk. 8 You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better
understand the in-the-moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively.
Paraphrasing or asking open-ended follow-up questions can help confirm your understanding and provide extra
time to think about your response.
Dare to be dull. Don’t feel you need to give a standout performance. One popular saying applies here, “ 9
” Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather than an actor or
a robot. Research shows that the most effective speech includes moderate use of fillers such as “um” and “uh”.
The real problem in impromptu communication isn’t an inability to communicate. 10 Fortunately,
a measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make impromptu speaking opportunities your
time to shine.
A．Identify a communication goal.
B．He knows most who speaks least.
C．Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
D．It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks.
E．We may assume that it’s impossible to do so on the fly.
F．A clear structure enhances comprehension and engagement.
G．Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu encounters.
【答案】6．A 7．F 8．G 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇关于即兴沟通技巧的说明文。文章通过提供具体的建议帮助读者在没有准备的情况
下有效沟通。
6．下文“Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus. (拥
有一个清晰的目标，加上对听众的了解，将有助于集中你的注意力。)”说明要明确沟通目标并了解听众，
空格处需要一个与此相一致的选项，因此A项“Identify a communication goal. (确定一个沟通目标。)”中
的关键词goal和本段相符，故选A。
7．下文“In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among
specific points, ideas, for example. (事实上，最好的演讲者通过展示特定点和想法之间的联系来保持听众
兴趣。)”说明优秀的讲话需要有一定的逻辑结构，因此 F项“A clear structure enhances comprehension
and engagement. (清晰的结构增强理解和参与度。)”与下文一致，故选F。8．下文“You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better understand the in-the-
moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively. (你应该做相反的
事情：专注于倾听，这样你就能更好地理解对话伙伴的即时需求和兴趣，并更有效地回应。)”说明在谈话
中,我们应该更加注重倾听而不是说话,因此G项“Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu
encounters. (大多数人在即兴场合过于纠结于该说什么。)”与下文的do the opposite逻辑相符，故选G。
9．下文“Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather
than an actor or a robot. (当你像一个人而不是演员或机器人那样说话时，听众更可能信任和赞同你。)”说
明想要让对方更加信任自己，我们不应该像机器人那样发挥完美，机械回答，应该更像人类一样，有一
些小错误，因此C项“Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good. (不要让完美成为好的敌人。)”与下
文相一致，故选C。
10．下文“Fortunately, a measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make
impromptu speaking opportunities your time to shine. (幸运的是，一些实验性思考和技能实践可以使即兴
演讲机会成为你发光的时刻。)”可知通过这些小技巧，可以让人们在谈话中发挥出色，从而就不会紧张，
因此D项“It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks. (正是因为我们太紧张，所以我们在谈话中
挣扎。)”与下文相一致，故选D。
（2024·湖南邵阳·三模）In the journey of life, there’s an often ignored hero — labor. Yes, that’s right,
good old-fashioned hard work. Whether it’s mowing lawns, babysitting, or washing dishes, the act of laboring not
only fills pockets but also shapes characters and molds futures.
Let’s face it, we live in a world where instant satisfaction is the norm (标准). But what if we told you that
delaying that satisfaction and putting in some good, honest sweat can actually be beneficial? It’s true! 11
12 Imagine a teenager tasked with mowing lawns for a summer job. Suddenly, they’re
responsible for showing up on time, doing a thorough job, and managing their earnings. These are life skills that
no classroom lecture can match.
Moreover, labor breeds (培养) perseverance. 13 Instead of throwing in the towel, they persevere,
learning from each setback and growing stronger in the process. This perseverance becomes a cornerstone (基石)
for success in all aspects of life.
But perhaps the most profound impact of labor is its ability to foster empathy and appreciation. 14
As teenagers serve meals to the less fortunate, they gain a newfound perspective on privilege and gratitude.
Suddenly, that new smartphone doesn’t seem as important as lending a helping hand to those in need.
In conclusion, labor isn’t just about earning a paycheck but it’s also about shaping character and building a
foundation for success. So, the next time you see a teenager sweating it out on a hot summer day, remember —
15
A．Labour is significantly beneficial to health.
B．Take, for instance, volunteering at a local soup kitchen.
C．labor isn’t just about earning money and training skills.
D．First, labor gradually acquires a sense of responsibility.
E．Imagine a young adult facing rejection after rejection while job hunting.
F．they’re not just mowing lawns, they’re paving their path to a brighter future.
G．The process of laboring teaches invaluable lessons that textbooks simply can’t convey.
【答案】11．G 12．D 13．E 14．B 15．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在人生的旅程中，劳动和劳动技能的培养不仅赚了钱，而且塑造了性格，塑造了未来，这是从书本上不能获得的。
11．上文“But what if we told you that delaying that satisfaction and putting in some good, honest sweat
can actually be beneficial? It’s true!(但如果我们告诉你，推迟这种满足，投入一些好的、诚实的劳动实际
上是有益呢？这是真的！)”是肯定劳动是有好处的，那么下文将说明劳动有哪些好处。选项 G“The
process of laboring teaches invaluable lessons that textbooks simply can’t convey. (劳动的过程教会了教科
书无法传达的宝贵教训。)”符合语境。故选G。
12．这是段首句，是标题句。下文“Suddenly, they’re responsible for showing up on time, doing a
thorough job, and managing their earnings. These are life skills that no classroom lecture can match. (突然
之间，他们很负责，会按时到场，从头到尾多做工作，并管理自己的收人。这些都是任何课堂讲座都无
法匹配的生活技能。)”是说明劳动会培养责任感。选项 D“First, labor gradually acquires a sense of
responsibility (首先，劳动逐渐获得了一种责任感。)”，同时，First与下文的Moreover呼应。故选D。
13．根据上文“Moreover, labor breeds perseverance. (此外，劳动还能培养出毅力。)”和下文“Instead of
throwing in the towel, they persevere, learning from each setback and growing stronger in the process. This
perseverance becomes a cornerstone for success in all aspects of life. (他们没有认输，而是坚持不懈，从每
一次挫折中学习，并在这个过程中变得更强大。这种毅力成为了在生活的各个方面取得成功的基石。)”，
可知空格处要举例说明劳动如何培养出毅力。选项 E“Imagine a young adult facing rejection after
rejection while job hunting. (想象一下，一个年轻人在求职时面临被一而再的拒绝。)”符合此语境。故选
E。
14．根据上文“But perhaps the most profound impact of labor is its ability to foster empathy and
appreciation. (但也许劳动最深刻的影响是它培养共情心和欣赏的能力。)”和下文“As teenagers serve
meals to the less fortunate, they gain a newfound perspective on privilege and gratitude. (当青少年为不幸
的人提供食物时，他们对特权和感激有了一种新的看法。)”，可知空格处引出了如何培养共情心和欣赏的
能力的例子，可以承接上文，引出下文。选项 B“Take, for instance, volunteering at a local soup kitchen.
(以在当地的施粥所做志愿者为例。)”符合此语境。故选B。
15．本句是文章尾段的尾句，结合上文“In conclusion, labor isn’t just about earning a paycheck but it’s
also about shaping character and building a foundation for success. (总之，劳动不仅仅在于挣钱，还在于
塑造性格和为成功奠定基础。)”，可知破折号后对劳动的意义进一步说明，给出了忠告。选项F“So, the
next time you see a teenager sweating it out on a hot summer day, remember — they’re not just mowing
lawns, they’re paving their path to a brighter future (所以，下次当你看到一个青少年在炎热的夏天大汗淋
漓的时候，请记住——他们不只是在修剪草坪，他们还在为通往更光明的未来铺平道路。)”符合语境。故
选F。
（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）How to Read Candidates’ Body Language in an Interview
Body language matters, especially in interviews. 16 Our posture, gestures, movements or facial
expressions can shape our reputations. Learning to read body language is about understanding candidates’
motives.
Reading body language during interviews can provide valuable insights into a candidate’s personality. 17
Here are some common interview body language signals that you can learn to read.
Observe extreme behaviour. A candidate’s harmless action doesn’t mean they won’t fit in well at your
company. But be careful about extreme behaviours, like a person constantly checking their phone.
18 You can read people’s body language by observing changes in their movements or posture.
Imagine, for example, that a candidate suddenly starts tapping their foot. Maybe they feel the interview is takingtoo long. Or perhaps they’re facing an uncomfortable question.
Connect the dots. 19 For example, people may cross their arms when they’re cold. But, when you
see a candidate crossing their arms, crossing their legs and balling their fists at the same time, prepare yourself for
an aggressive (咄咄逼人的) answer.
Candidate experience greatly depends on an interviewer’s body language. Positive body language can make
candidates relax and open up. Negative body language can spark (引发) defensive and reserved reactions. 20
A．Spot the difference.
B．Ask detailed questions.
C．It’s not what you say, it’s how you say it.
D．They don’t necessarily act the same way all the time.
E．However, understanding body language isn’t an exact science.
F．You can’t always tell what a specific gesture means on its own.
G．Be aware of mistakes to preserve a positive candidate experience.
【答案】16．C 17．E 18．A 19．F 20．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。肢体语言很重要，尤其是在面试中。我们的姿势、手势、动作或面部表情
会影响我们的声誉。本文从不同方面就如何在面试时读懂对方的肢体语言给我们一些指导。
16．根据上文“Body language matters, especially in interviews.”（肢体语言很重要，尤其是在面试
中。）可知，选项承接上文，继续说明肢体语言的重要性。故 C选项“重要的不是你说什么，而是你怎
么说”切题。how you say it呼应Body language matters。故选C项。
17．根据上文“Reading body language during interviews can provide valuable insights into a candidate’s
personality.”（通过阅读面试中的肢体语言，可以对求职者的性格有很有价值的了解。）以及下文“Here
are some common interview body language signals that you can learn to read.”（以下是一些常见的面试肢
体语言信号，你可以学习阅读。）可知，上文谈到在面试中读懂肢体语言可以对候选人的个性提供有价
值的见解。也就是说在面试中读懂肢体语言的益处，然后接下来谈到“以下是一些你可以学会读懂的常
见的面试肢体语言信号。”故可知E项“然而，理解肢体语言并不是一门精确的科学”切题，说明它是
可以学会读懂的。故选E项。
18．根据下文“You can read people’s body language by observing changes in their movements or
posture.”（你可以通过观察人们动作或姿势的变化来解读他们的肢体语言）可知，本段主要在说要发现
不同点。故A选项“发现不同点”切题，为本段的小标题。故选A项。
19．根据下文“For example, people may cross their arms when they’re cold. But, when you see a
candidate crossing their arms, crossing their legs and balling their fists at the same time, prepare yourself
for an aggressive（咄咄逼人的） answer.”（例如，人们冷的时候可能会交叉双臂。但是，当你看到应聘
者同时交叉双臂、跷二郎腿和握拳时，你就要准备好接受一个咄咄逼人的回答了。）可知，一个具体的
动作可能表达不同的意思，所以你不能总是分辨出一个特定的手势本身的意思。故F选项“你不能总是
分辨出一个特定的手势本身的意思”切题。承接下文。故选F项。
20．根据上文“Positive body language can make candidates relax and open up. Negative body language
can spark（引发）defensive and reserved reactions.”（积极的肢体语言可以让应试者放松并敞开心扉。消
极的肢体语言会引发防御和矜持的反应。）可知，选项总结上文，说明怎么样做到成为合格的候选人。
故G选项“要注意错误，以保持积极的候选人体验”切题。故选G项。
模拟二：记叙文类型（2024·江西上饶·模拟预测）As we walked along the street recently, my friend suddenly sighed, “How I
miss the ice-cream my grandma used to buy me after school!” 1 , which cost her 9.8 yuan, almost 10
limes higher than the “grandma ice cream”.
But it was just one of the fair-priced treats. 2 It was written by a user who claimed he “randomly
picked a plain-looking ice-cream” in a store, and was shocked when the register showed it was 68 yuan. He
bought it anyway, but said that every bite tasted more bitter than sweet. “Never pick any brand of ice-cream
you’re not familiar with,” the Weibo user wrote.
I miss the good old days too, but on second thoughts, I don’t believe that some expensive ice-cream means
the market is “corrupted”. 3 . Consumption upgrades may boost demand and expensive ice-cream exists
because some consumers like it.
Zhao Xuekuan, a senior ice-cream dealer agrees with me. His shop has probably the widest variety of ice-
creams m the market. 4 , but young customers favor fancier ones. They are quite particular about the
ingredients, expecting they provide not only good tastes, but also high protein and low calories.
5 . It’s a good thing that recently, the State Administration for Market Regulation issued a new rule
that goods must be sold with a clearly marked price tag, or the retailer will be fined up to 100, 000 yuan. Let the
fair play carry on and consumers will make their own choices.
A．They don’t choose cheaper ones
B．The other day I read a post on Weibo
C．While walking, she was licking on one
D．The development of a market has its own rules
E．For the past few months, many cities went through lockdown
F．Of course, market supervisors should still monitor ice-cream pricing closely
G．He said that the bestsellers in his shop are always classic types that cost less than 5 yuan each
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．G 5．F
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者从冰激凌的价格引申到市场以及经济问题，最后提出冰激凌的定价应受
到密切关注。
1．上文“As we walked along the street recently, my friend suddenly sighed, “How I miss the ice-cream my
grandma used to buy me after school!”(最近，当我们走在街上时，我的朋友突然叹了口气：“我多么想
念奶奶放学后给我买的冰淇淋啊!”)”提到了走在街上时，突然想念奶奶买的冰激凌；下文“which cost her
9.8 yuan, almost 10 limes higher than the “grandma ice cream”.(售价9.8元，比“奶奶牌冰淇淋”贵了近
10倍。)”提到了冰激凌的价格。由此可推知，作者的朋友买了一个冰激凌。C项“While walking, she was
licking on one(走的时候，她嘴上添了一只冰激凌)”与上下文对应。故选C项。
2．上文“But it was just one of the fair-priced treats.(但这只是其中一种价格公道的款待。)”提到了这只
是其中一种价格比较公道的款待；下文“It was written by a user who claimed he “randomly picked a
plain-looking ice-cream” in a store, and was shocked when the register showed it was 68 yuan.(该帖子是由
一名用户撰写的，他声称自己在一家商店“随机挑选了一个看起来很普通的冰淇淋，当收银机显示它的
价格为68元时，他感到震惊。”)”提到了一位用户买冰激凌花了68元。由此可推知，此处为一位用户发
的帖子。B项“The other day I read a post on Weibo(前几天我在微博上看到了一篇帖子)”与上下文对应。
故选B项。
3．上文“I miss the good old days too, but on second thoughts, I don’t believe that some expensive ice-
cream means the market is “corrupted”(我也怀念过去的美好时光，但转念一想，我不认为一些昂贵的冰淇淋意味着市场“腐败”了。)”提到了“市场”这一概念；下文“Consumption upgrades may boost
demand and expensive ice-cream exists because some consumers like it.(消费升级可能会刺激需求，昂贵的
冰淇淋之所以存在，是因为一些消费者喜欢它。)”提到了消费升级可能会刺激需求，这是一种市场发展规
律。D项“The development of a market has its own rules(市场的发展有其自身的规律)”与上下文对应。
故选D项。
4．上文“Zhao Xuekuan, a senior ice-cream dealer agrees with me. His shop has probably the widest
variety of ice-creams m the market.(资深冰淇淋经销商赵学宽同意我的观点。他的店可能是市场上种类最
多的冰淇淋店。)”提到了冰激凌经销商赵学宽的店是市场上种类最多的冰激凌店；下文“but young
customers favor fancier ones.(但是年轻的顾客更喜欢花哨的。)”转折提出了年轻顾客喜欢花哨的。由此可
推知，设空处与下文语义相反相对。G项“He said that the bestsellers in his shop are always classic types
that cost less than 5 yuan each(他说，店里卖得最好的总是单价不到5元的经典款式)”与上下文对应。故
选G项。
5．设空处位于段首，应与下文大意保持一致；下文“It’s a good thing that recently, the State
Administration for Market Regulation issued a new rule that goods must be sold with a clearly marked
price tag, or the retailer will be fined up to 100, 000 yuan. Let the fair play carry on and consumers will
make their own choices.(最近，国家市场监督管理总局发布了一项新规定，规定商品销售必须明确标价，
否则零售商将被处以最高10万元的罚款。这是件好事。让公平竞争继续下去，消费者会做出自己的选
择。)”提到了市场监督管理局发布的新规定。F项“Of course, market supervisors should still monitor ice-
cream pricing closely(当然，市场监管机构仍应密切关注冰淇淋的定价)”与下文的新规定对应。故选F项。
（2024·浙江·三模）What I learned watching dentist at work
I would like to be a dentist in the future. 6 The patient, tender dentist comforted me, a 7-year-old girl
at the time, and persuaded me to stop crying and to accept my treatment.
7 Recently, our teacher gave us the homework of experiencing a kind of job on the weekend. I chose
without hesitation to live a day as a dentist at my friend’s older brother’s workplace.
I got to Dr Tan’s clinic at 7:45 am, 15 minutes before office hours began on Saturday. Dr Tan, who has been a
dentist for five years, sat in his consulting room with a mask on his face and waited for his patients. I didn’t really
understand his diagnoses or treatments, but I could see that Dr Tan was a responsible doctor. He explained
conditions and therapies (治疗方案) to patients at length to remove their doubts. He paused operations to let
patients rest if the treatment was taking too much time. 8 Dr Tan worked for almost the whole morning
without a break. He only made a phone call to his wife to remind her to have an antenatal (产前) examination.
Yes, he will be a father in five months, but he still cannot keep his wife company at the weekend. 9 They
try to ease others’ pain anytime and anywhere, despite the cost to their own time and life.
As the last patient said goodbye to Dr Tan in the afternoon, my visit came to an end. I now feel that I
understand more about doctors. 10
A．My dream has finally come true.
B．They are the heroes I admire most.
C．Doctors are ordinary people, yet they are also angels.
D．It helps me to reduce stress, find friends and learn new skills.
E．I thought it was a dream that was almost impossible to fulfill
F．That’s all because of a dentist I came across during my childhood.
G．He also gave a doctor’s advice to his patients carefully before they went out the door.【答案】6．F 7．A 8．G 9．C 10．B
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述"我7岁时看牙医的经历"。那位牙医给我留下良好的印象，这才使
我有了当牙医的愿望。
6．前一句 I would like to be a dentist in the future 说到"我想要做一名牙医"，后一句 The patient，
tender dentist comforted me， a 7-year-old girl at the time， and persuaded me to stop crying and to
accept my treatment讲述"我7岁时看牙医的经历"。那位牙医给我留下良好的印象，这才使我有了当牙
医的愿望。故答案选F。
7．根据前一段I would like to be a dentist in the future"我想要做一名牙医"和后一句"I chose without
hesitation to live a day as a dentist"可知"我终于有机会实现愿望了"。故选A。
8．前面几句 He explained conditions and therapies （治疗方案） to patients at length to remove their
doubts． He paused operations to let patients rest if the treatment was taking too much time 都在介绍Dr
Tan的工作态度，之后的句子是总结Dr Tan整个上午的工作状态，所以空选择G符合行文逻辑。
9．根据后一句"They try to ease others' pain anytime and anywhere"他们试图随时随地减轻别人的痛苦。
可以与"angels"相联系．可知医生是普通人，但他们也是天使。故选C。
10．前文As the last patient said goodbye to Dr Tan in the afternoon， my visit came to an end． I now
feel that I understand more about doctors作者根据自己的亲身体验更加了解牙医这个职业，所以用一句
总结性句子进行概况；他们是我最崇拜的英雄。故选择答案B。
模拟三：议论文类型
（2024·福建三明·三模）Is It OK to Be Unhappy?
Many people might say that you should always be happy, but is it okay to allow yourself time when sadness
may prevail over happiness? We’ll explore how sadness offers people opportunities for self-reflection and why
people should appreciate their sorrow.
What is unhappiness?
Many words are used to express sadness: suffering, misery, sorrow, pain, and more. It often results from
other feelings like guilt, grief, anxiety, hopelessness, or anger. 1 It may differ from a person to another
but it could change how you physically feel—a stomachache, headache, or difficulty sleep disorders.
2
Lots of people are growing unhappy due to mental health issues. Here are lists of situations: having
problems with relationships, having trouble at home(eg. violence or financial issues), having trouble at school or
work, comparing self to others, losing a loved one and being self-critical.
Is it OK for a person to be unhappy?
Everyone has different emotions: some are good while others can be negative. In other words, all people
have feelings that are always changing in some way—and they happen for a reason! So is it OK to feel sadness?
3
Sadness is a natural part of life.
It is okay to be unhappy. Being sad doesn’t mean you are not coping with the situation. 4
Learning to recognize sad emotions can make you adapt better, accept more easily, and persevere when things
may be too hard at times.
Things will eventually get better.
Keep in mind your problems will not last forever and will eventually pass too! There is no right way to letgo of sadness but what is not a secret is that the first step is the acknowledgment and acceptance of the pain you
are feeling. It could be a lot but talking to someone you trust can be helpful. 5 Eat nutritious food,
exercise regularly, and get enough sleep.
A．Why are people sad?
B．Take good care of yourself.
C．The answer is a definite yes.
D．So what does it feel like to be sad?
E．How can people get rid of sadness?
F．There are also a lot of other effective solutions.
G．Rather it helps you accept your problems and move on.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．G 5．B
【导语】本文是篇议论文。文章主要讨论了什么是不快乐，人为什么会不快乐，以及应该如何看待不快
乐的话题。
1．根据上一句“It often results from other feelings like guilt, grief, anxiety, hopelessness, or anger.”（它通
常源于其他情感，如内疚、悲伤、焦虑、绝望或愤怒。）可知，该句指出了引起伤心不快乐的情感都有
哪些，选项D. So what does it feel like to be sad?（那么伤心是什么感觉呢？）在此基础上提出了伤心不
快乐的感觉是什么样的这一问题，承接上文；下一句“It may differ from a person to another but it could
change how you physically feel—a stomachache, headache, or difficulty sleep disorders.”（它可能因人而异，
但它可以改变你的身体感觉——胃痛、头痛或睡眠困难。）对选项 D提出的问题作出了回答，指出了伤
心的感觉可能因人而异，但是可以改变身体感觉。故选D。
2．空处为第三段段落主题句。根据第三段“Lots of people are growing unhappy due to mental health
issues.”（许多人由于心理健康问题而变得不快乐。）和全段内容可知，该段分析了许多人感到伤心不快
乐的原因，故选项A. Why are people sad?（人们为什么伤心？）概括了该段主题。故选A。
3．根据前文“Everyone has different emotions: some are good while others can be negative. In other
words, all people have feelings that are always changing in some way—and they happen for a reason!”（每
个人都有不同的情绪:有些是好的，有些是消极的。换句话说，所有的人都有以某种方式不断变化的感觉
——它们的发生是有原因的!）可知，每个人的情绪都是有好有坏的，快乐或不快乐都是正常的，结合第
五段“It is okay to be unhappy.”（不快乐是可以的。），对于空处前提出的问题“So is it OK to feel
sadness?”（那么，感到悲伤是可以的吗?），选项C. The answer is a definite yes.（答案是肯定的。）给
出了肯定的回答，符合语境。故选C。
4．根据上一句“Being sad doesn’t mean you are not coping with the situation.”（悲伤并不意味着你无法
应对这种情况。）和下一句“Learning to recognize sad emotions can make you adapt better, accept more
easily, and persevere when things may be too hard at times.”（学会认可悲伤的情绪可以让你更好地适应，
更容易接受，并在事情过于艰难的时候坚持下去。）可知，空处提出了与上一句相反的观点，肯定了悲
伤情绪的积极意义；选项G. Rather it helps you accept your problems and move on.（相反，它可以帮助
你接受你的问题并继续前进。）中的“Rather”与上一句语意衔接合理，而下一句也更加具体地表达了悲
伤是怎样帮助人们接受自我，继续前进的。故选G。
5．根据下一句“Eat nutritious food, exercise regularly, and get enough sleep.”（吃有营养的食物，经常锻
炼，保证充足的睡眠。）和段落主题句“Things will eventually get better.”（事情最终会好转的。）可知，
下文用几个并列的祈使句表明，悲伤总会过去，一切都会变好，所以要做的就是吃好、锻炼、睡好，即
照顾好自己；选项B. Take good care of yourself.（照顾好自己。）为祈使句，衔接并概括了下文。故选B。
（23-24高三下·湖北·阶段练习）What a comedian can teach you about managing stress
We often accept stress as part of the cost of modern life, but it really doesn’t have to be. We all know that
laughter is the best medicine. 6 People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and
stronger. Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress.
You can try to find a different perspective. 7 Once a friend of mine fell asleep in the middle of a
class. His teacher decided to make fun of him by inviting students to applaud, wondering whether my friend
would applaud along when he woke up. He did and the whole class burst outlaughing. After learning everything,
he was both embarrassed and ashamed of course but after a while, my friend laughed. “If this had happened to
someone else, it would have been amusing. So it’s no less funny, just because it happened to me. “
8 There’s no doubt that we all experience great stress now and then. We’ve all been personally
affected, in some way. You might not have felt like laughing at the time But now, looking back, you could
consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the things you did to keep active or simply stay sane
(神志正常的) .
When you share stories with your friends, you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤) and pain, or you
can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth. 9 Take the exact same story and change
the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”. Keep in mind that we’re all in this together, that we all
share the same ridiculous experiences, and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us. 10
A．Always share a good story.
B．Why not do what comedians do?
C．You can also look again and laugh.
D．But laughter does more than cheer you up.
E．Then you are able to make a simple choice.
F．In this way. you will say goodbye to stress forever.
G．If you have trouble seeing the funny side, you may find the following inspiring.
【答案】6．D 7．G 8．C 9．B 10．E
【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文介绍了笑能帮助我们缓解压力，生活中要笑对困境，看向事物积极的一
面。
6．前文提到“We all know that laughter is the best medicine.”（我们都知道笑容是最好的良药），后文提
到“People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and stronger.”（能对自己的不幸一
笑置之的人能更快更坚强地振作起来。）由此判断，笑容还能让人更快地恢复过来。D项“But laughter
does more than cheer you up.”（但是笑不仅仅是让你开心。）旨在说明笑不只是让人心情好起来，它还
有后文提到的“Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress.”（以下是一位喜剧演员对应对压力
的看法。）减少压力的作用。D项符合文意，故选D。
7．第二段第一句提到“You can try to find a different perspective. ”（你可以尝试换个角度）。下文作者
讲了朋友的一个故事，旨在证明只要找到了好笑的点，就可以把一件尴尬的事情变成一件好笑的事情。
而读者可以从这个故事里获得灵感，受到鼓舞。从上下文可以得知，这个角度实际上指的是看到事情的
有趣的地方，找到好笑的点。G项“If you have trouble seeing the funny side, you may find the following
inspiring.”（如果你很难看到有趣的一面，你可能会发现下面的故事很鼓舞人心。）该项与后文的故事为
解释例证关系。G项符合文意，故选G。
8．空处位于段首，由此判断该句应为该段的主题句，后文提到“You might not have felt like laughing atthe time But now, looking back, you could consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the
things you did to keep active or simply stay sane (神志正常的) .”（当时你可能不想笑，但现在，回头看，
你可以考虑所有奇怪的方面的经验和所有的事情，你做了保持活跃或只是保持理智。）每个人都会经历
压力并受到影响，当时也许笑不出来，但是回头看看，想起做过的奇怪的事情，也许就会笑了。C项
“You can also look again and laugh.”（你可以回过头看看，然后大笑一场） 该项符合文意，故选C。
9．前文提到“When you share stories with your friends, you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤)
and pain, or you can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth.”（当你和朋友分享故事时，
你可以选择分享创伤和痛苦的故事，也可以选择用希望和成长的故事来鼓舞他们的精神。）后文提到
“Take the exact same story and change the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”. ”（以同样
的故事为例，把重点从“为我感到难过”转变为“和我一起笑”。）由此判断，该段说明可以把难过的
事情转换成另外一个方面去吸收。结合文章标题“What a comedian can teach you about managing
stress”（喜剧演员可以教你如何管理压力）可知，喜剧演员会让观众一起笑起来。B项“Why not do
what comedians do?”（为什么不学学喜剧演员呢?）B项符合文意，故选B。
10．前文提到“Keep in mind that we’re all in this together, that we all share the same ridiculous
experiences, and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us. ”（请记住，我们都在一起，我
们都有同样荒谬的经历，我们可以一起嘲笑生活给我们的任何东西。），此空前面建议人们要认识到每
个人都会经历不好的事情，无论经历什么，我们都可以发笑。所以此空应该是这么做的好处。E项
“Then you are able to make a simple choice.”（然后你就可以做一个简单的选择。）E项符合文意，故选
E。
（2024·河北衡水·三模）Giving generously and receiving gratefully make it easier to live happily with
others. 11
Let me start with the idea of giving generously. 12 For example, my husband and I have family
members who only contact us when they need money. We usually accept their requests, but we rarely receive a
“thank you”. Most people would say that my husband and I are being used, and I suppose we are. But when we
give, we shouldn’t be giving for the purpose of getting gratitude or praise. Rather, we should be giving because it
is a good thing.
The good news is that when we lead our life being nice to others, our life runs more smoothly. 13
But if you practice being generous, most of your relationships will improve.
At the same time, we should remember to receive gratefully. I truly believe that you cant say “thank you”
enough when you receive.
14 Parents can feel unappreciated by their children, and teachers can feel unappreciated by their
students. Do you think it unnecessary to thank them when receiving just because a task is part of someone’s job
description？ That’s wrong！
15 It is good for us to say “thank you” because we regularly need to remind ourselves how lucky
we are. And hearing those two words can make us feel great for days.
If you are looking for a way to improve your life, I can give you one: Give generously and receive
gratefully.
A．So often we get lazy about expressing gratitude.
B．Thus,saying “thank you” can bring us good luck.
C．If you are generous, some people will use you.
D．In return, we are to help others by giving them our time or money.E．I think people are unwilling to be generous to others for fear of being used.
F．Yet,why do we have such difficulty achieving these things in our relationships？
G．Words of appreciation make others feel good about themselves like nothing else.
【答案】11．F 12．E 13．C 14．A 15．G
【分析】这是一篇议论文。主要议论了在人际关系中很难做到慷慨地给予、心怀感激地接受的原因。
11．上文“Giving generously and receiving gratefully make it easier to live happily with others.（慷慨地给
予，心怀感激地接受，让我们更容易与他人幸福地生活在一起。）”说明慷慨给予和心怀感激接受可以
生活的更加幸福。根据文章第二段“ We usually accept their requests, but we rarely receive a thank you.
（我们通常接受他们的要求，但很少收到谢谢。）”可知，很多人很少表达感激。F选项“Yet, why do
we have such difficulty achieving these things in our relationships?（然而，为什么我们在人际关系中很难
做到这些呢?）符合文意”。故选F项。
12．根据下文“For example, my husband and I have family members who only contact us when they need
money. We usually accept their requests, but we rarely receive a thank you. Most people would say that my
husband and I are being used, and I suppose we are.（例如，我丈夫和我的家人只有在需要钱的时候才会
联系我们。我们通常接受他们的要求，但很少收到谢谢。大多数人会说我和我丈夫被利用了，我想我们
是被利用了。）”，作者举了例子，说我们很少收到谢谢，我们被利用了“my husband and I are being
used”。E选项“I think people are unwilling to be generous to others for fear of being used.（我认为人们
不愿意对他人慷慨，因为害怕被利用。）”符合文意。故选E项。
13．下文“But if you practice being generous, most of your relationships will improve.（但是如果你练习
慷慨，你的大部分关系都会改善。）”用“but”做转折，说明前后内容是转折关系。C选项“If you are
generous, some people will use you（如果你慷慨大方，有些人会利用你）”与下文是转折关系，符合文意。
故选C项。
14．根据下文举例“Parents can feel unappreciated by their children, and teachers can feel unappreciated
by their students.（父母会觉得孩子不感激他们，老师也会觉得学生不感激他们。）”父母和老师都觉得
孩子和学生不感激他们，所以前文应该是得出不感激的结论，用下文的例子来说明。A选项“So often we
get lazy about expressing gratitude.（我们常常懒得表达感激之情）”符合文意。故选A项。
15．根据下文“It is good for us to say thank you because we regularly need to remind ourselves how lucky
we are. And hearing those two words can make us feel great for days.（对我们来说，说谢谢是件好事，因
为我们经常需要提醒自己我们是多么幸运。听到这两个词会让我们好几天感觉好。）”可知，听到谢谢
两个词会让我们感觉好几天。G选项“Words of appreciation make others feel good about themselves like
nothing else.（感激之词能让别人对自己感觉良好）”符合文意。故选G项。
模拟四：残缺主句或从句类型
（23-24高三上·云南大理·阶段练习）
Tips for Maximizing Savings at Your Local Clearance (清仓) Food Store
Shopping for groceries can be expensive, especially in this global economic climate. If you are catering to a
large family or on a tight budget, the battle to save on groceries becomes twice as hard. 1 ? These tips
may help you.
Create a shopping list
List what you need before heading to your local clearance food store. It should help avoid unnecessary
purchases and ensure you only buy what you need.Look for Deals
2 , so take advantage of them. Typically, these items are priced much lower than regular-priced ones, and
you can find some great deals. Check out the clearance section to find the best deals. This area is often located at
back or side of the store.
Buy in Quantity
Buying in quantity can save you more money at clearance food stores. A safer bet would be deals on buying
items in large amounts, such as canned goods, pasta, or rice. 3 .
Compare Shops
Just like with regular grocery stores, you should always compare prices at different clearance food stores.
Some stores will offer better deals, so it pays to shop around. 4 .
Look for Coupons
Check for coupons that you can use at your local clearance food store. 5 . With them, you can get a
chunk off your total groceries bill, saving you more money.
In conclusion, shopping at a local clearance food store can be your savings hub if you’re armed with the right
information. So, what are you waiting for?
A．Different stores may have a wide range of goods
B．Cheap food stores often offer weekly and monthly deals
C．These items have a longer shelf life meaning longer storage
D．But how to save when you shop at your local clearance food store
E．Check for stores that are offering discounts, and settle for the best deal
F．So why not visit your local clearance food store where you can save more
G．These can be in local newspapers or magazines, or search for them online
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．E 5．G
【分析】本文是说明文。介绍了在当今经济不景气的情况下，如何最大限度节省食品杂货开支。
1．该空前文“Shopping for groceries can be expensive, especially in this global economic climate. If you
are catering to a large family or on a tight budget, the battle to save on groceries becomes twice as hard.(购
买食品杂货可能很贵，尤其是在这种全球经济环境下。如果你要供养一个大家庭或你的预算紧张，那么
在食品杂货上省钱就会变得双倍艰难 )”,后文“These tips may help you.(这些建议可能帮到你。)”说明该
空应该填一个承上启下的句子，即如何在购买食品方面省钱。故选 D项。
2．该段的小标题是“Look for Deals(寻找划算的商品)”。而且该空后文“Typically, these items are priced
much lower than regular-priced ones, and you can find some great deals.(一般来说，这些商品的价格比普
通商品要低得多)”。说明该空可以填“清仓食品店通常提供每周或每月的优惠”，故选B项。
3．该空前文“Buying in quantity can save you more money at clearance food stores. A safer bet would be
deals on buying items in large amounts, such as canned goods, pasta, or rice. (在清仓食品店大量购买，可
以节省更多的钱。一次性购买大量商品会更划算，比如罐装食品、意大利面或大米)”。那是因为这些物品
有更长的保质期，意味着更长的储存时间。而且“canned goods,pasta,or rice”和“these items”形成指代
关系，故选 C项。
4．该段的小标题是“Compare Shops(货比三家)”，该空前一句“Some stores will offer better deals, so it
pays to shop around.(有些商店会提供更便宜的商品，所以货比三家是值得的。)”说明解题时要聚焦在
“比”，故选E项。
5．该空前一句“Check for coupons that you can use at your local clearance food store.(检查你可以在当地清仓食品商店使用的优惠券。)”说明该空接“这些(优惠券)可以在当地的报纸或杂志上，或者在网上搜
索”合乎语意。而且“coupons”和“these”形成指代关系，故选G项。
（2024·江西上饶·模拟预测）As we walked along the street recently, my friend suddenly sighed, “How I
miss the ice-cream my grandma used to buy me after school!” 6 , which cost her 9.8 yuan, almost 10
limes higher than the “grandma ice cream”.
But it was just one of the fair-priced treats. 7 It was written by a user who claimed he “randomly
picked a plain-looking ice-cream” in a store, and was shocked when the register showed it was 68 yuan. He
bought it anyway, but said that every bite tasted more bitter than sweet. “Never pick any brand of ice-cream
you’re not familiar with,” the Weibo user wrote.
I miss the good old days too, but on second thoughts, I don’t believe that some expensive ice-cream means
the market is “corrupted”. 8 . Consumption upgrades may boost demand and expensive ice-cream exists
because some consumers like it.
Zhao Xuekuan, a senior ice-cream dealer agrees with me. His shop has probably the widest variety of ice-
creams m the market. 9 , but young customers favor fancier ones. They are quite particular about the
ingredients, expecting they provide not only good tastes, but also high protein and low calories.
10 . It’s a good thing that recently, the State Administration for Market Regulation issued a new rule
that goods must be sold with a clearly marked price tag, or the retailer will be fined up to 100, 000 yuan. Let the
fair play carry on and consumers will make their own choices.
A．They don’t choose cheaper ones
B．The other day I read a post on Weibo
C．While walking, she was licking on one
D．The development of a market has its own rules
E．For the past few months, many cities went through lockdown
F．Of course, market supervisors should still monitor ice-cream pricing closely
G．He said that the bestsellers in his shop are always classic types that cost less than 5 yuan each
【答案】6．C 7．B 8．D 9．G 10．F
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者从冰激凌的价格引申到市场以及经济问题，最后提出冰激凌的定价应受
到密切关注。
6．上文“As we walked along the street recently, my friend suddenly sighed, “How I miss the ice-cream my
grandma used to buy me after school!”(最近，当我们走在街上时，我的朋友突然叹了口气：“我多么想
念奶奶放学后给我买的冰淇淋啊!”)”提到了走在街上时，突然想念奶奶买的冰激凌；下文“which cost her
9.8 yuan, almost 10 limes higher than the “grandma ice cream”.(售价9.8元，比“奶奶牌冰淇淋”贵了近
10倍。)”提到了冰激凌的价格。由此可推知，作者的朋友买了一个冰激凌。C项“While walking, she was
licking on one(走的时候，她嘴上添了一只冰激凌)”与上下文对应。故选C项。
7．上文“But it was just one of the fair-priced treats.(但这只是其中一种价格公道的款待。)”提到了这只
是其中一种价格比较公道的款待；下文“It was written by a user who claimed he “randomly picked a
plain-looking ice-cream” in a store, and was shocked when the register showed it was 68 yuan.(该帖子是由
一名用户撰写的，他声称自己在一家商店“随机挑选了一个看起来很普通的冰淇淋，当收银机显示它的
价格为68元时，他感到震惊。”)”提到了一位用户买冰激凌花了68元。由此可推知，此处为一位用户发
的帖子。B项“The other day I read a post on Weibo(前几天我在微博上看到了一篇帖子)”与上下文对应。
故选B项。8．上文“I miss the good old days too, but on second thoughts, I don’t believe that some expensive ice-
cream means the market is “corrupted”(我也怀念过去的美好时光，但转念一想，我不认为一些昂贵的冰
淇淋意味着市场“腐败”了。)”提到了“市场”这一概念；下文“Consumption upgrades may boost
demand and expensive ice-cream exists because some consumers like it.(消费升级可能会刺激需求，昂贵的
冰淇淋之所以存在，是因为一些消费者喜欢它。)”提到了消费升级可能会刺激需求，这是一种市场发展规
律。D项“The development of a market has its own rules(市场的发展有其自身的规律)”与上下文对应。
故选D项。
9．上文“Zhao Xuekuan, a senior ice-cream dealer agrees with me. His shop has probably the widest
variety of ice-creams m the market.(资深冰淇淋经销商赵学宽同意我的观点。他的店可能是市场上种类最
多的冰淇淋店。)”提到了冰激凌经销商赵学宽的店是市场上种类最多的冰激凌店；下文“but young
customers favor fancier ones.(但是年轻的顾客更喜欢花哨的。)”转折提出了年轻顾客喜欢花哨的。由此可
推知，设空处与下文语义相反相对。G项“He said that the bestsellers in his shop are always classic types
that cost less than 5 yuan each(他说，店里卖得最好的总是单价不到5元的经典款式)”与上下文对应。故
选G项。
10．设空处位于段首，应与下文大意保持一致；下文“It’s a good thing that recently, the State
Administration for Market Regulation issued a new rule that goods must be sold with a clearly marked
price tag, or the retailer will be fined up to 100, 000 yuan. Let the fair play carry on and consumers will
make their own choices.(最近，国家市场监督管理总局发布了一项新规定，规定商品销售必须明确标价，
否则零售商将被处以最高10万元的罚款。这是件好事。让公平竞争继续下去，消费者会做出自己的选
择。)”提到了市场监督管理局发布的新规定。F项“Of course, market supervisors should still monitor ice-
cream pricing closely(当然，市场监管机构仍应密切关注冰淇淋的定价)”与下文的新规定对应。故选F项。
（2024·四川南充·三模）People often throw a party to celebrate a variety of occasions. For example,
birthdays, graduations, holidays, the end of the semester. the beginning of summer, and so on. If you have ever
thrown a party, you must be aware of the biggest problem of waste. 11 .Where does all of this rubbish go?
It will end up in the landfills. In order to change this situation, it’s important to decrease waste to the most.
12 . As a matter of fact, e-invitations are quick, easy, and more modern than traditional paper invites.
13 . If there are any people in your crowd who say it’s tacky (俗气的)to use e-cards, tell them it’s tackier to
pollute the environment by using traditional ones. That should keep them quiet.
Reuse and recycle. Reduce waste by buying party foods (with less packaging) and send guests home with
leftover shacks. Use plates you can wash and reuse, rather than hand out disposable paper plates for people’s
pizza. Make it easy for your guests to recycle. 14 , making it obvious that one is for real rubbish and the
other is for recycled goods.
Allow each person only one cup. Since everyone has the same cup, it is quite easy to mix up the cups. After
you put it down for a second, you can’t recognize which cup belongs to you. Then, you will reach for a totally
new one. As the result, after the party, you will find many cups are thrown away, causing a lot of waste. 15
.
A．Make full use of paper invitations
B．Send e-invitations instead of paper ones
C．It’s also the environmentally soundest choice
D．It’s a good idea to allow guests to take their cups away
E．Put out two rubbish cans and write something on them clearlyF．Imagine the mess left from all the parties that are held in the world
G．Try a new system of handing each guest a cup that you mark with their name
【答案】11．F 12．B 13．C 14．E 15．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些关于举办“绿色”环保聚会的建议。
11．下文“Where does all of this rubbish go? It will end up in the landfills.(这些垃圾都去哪儿了？它最终
会被扔进垃圾填埋场)”可知，垃圾最终会进入垃圾场造成污染，F项“想象一下世界上所有聚会留下的混
乱”和下文构成内容上的承接，说明这些聚会产生的垃圾最终的去向。故选F项。
12．下文“As a matter of fact, e-invitations are quick, easy, and more modern than traditional paper
invites.(事实上，电子邀请函比传统的纸质邀请函更快、更简单、更现代)”说明了电子邀请函的优势，是
对B项“发送电子邀请函而不是纸质邀请函”的原因说明，和B项构成因果关系。故选B项。
13．下文“If there are any people in your crowd who say it’s tacky (俗气的)to use e-cards, tell them it’s
tackier to pollute the environment by using traditional ones. (如果你的人群中有人说使用电子贺卡很俗气，
告诉他们使用传统贺卡污染环境更俗气)”说明作者认为电子贺卡不会污染环境，C项“这也是最环保的选
择”是对下文内容的概括总结，和下文构成内容上的承接。故选C项。
14．下文“making it obvious that one is for real rubbish and the other is for recycled goods(很明显，一个
是放真正的垃圾，另一个是放回收商品)”提到了两个垃圾桶不同的用途，E项“拿出两个垃圾桶，在上面
写清楚”和下文构成内容上的承接，表明在垃圾桶上写字的目的是为了能清晰地分辨两个垃圾桶装的不
同的物品。故选E项。
15．上文“As the result, after the party, you will find many cups are thrown away, causing a lot of waste.
(结果，聚会结束后，你会发现很多杯子被扔掉了，造成了很多浪费)”说明聚会时使用的相同的杯子会造
成浪费，G项“尝试一种新的系统，给每位客人一个杯子，上面写着他们的名字”是对上文内容的承接
介绍了避免浪费的技巧就是在杯子上写名字，同时也和本段的主题句“Allow each person only one cup.
(每人只能拥有一个杯子)”相呼应。故选G项。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）Handling difficult co-workers in an office environment is a headache. Avoiding
them at work is sometimes not an option, so many people wonder how to deal with them, and perfect solutions
can’t come too soon. 16 .
Go to H.R.
Whether you have a formal Human Resources department or just one person who supervises everyone, there
should be someone who’s in charge of employee peace-keeping. You can talk to this person. 17 .For
example, don’t say, “This person is driving me crazy!” Instead, you should say, “This person habitually asks me to
do her work while she visits chat rooms.”
Address the offending party directly.
If your co-workers do something that you object to, speak up. Politely but firmly say that you don’t want to
do their extra work, or tell them whatever else is on your mind. 18 , but you may if you keep trying. And
you’ll also get the benefit of speaking your mind.
Let it roll off your back.
19 , you may choose to get better at ignoring them. This may seem difficult at first, but there’s
something more serious for choosing your battles. If you are dealing with someone who tells your secrets around
the office, stop sharing them. If you’re dealing with someone who has offensive manners, stay at a comfortable
distance.
20 .If you’ve tried the tips above but they don’t work, you may consider changing jobs. It’s sad if things have to
come to this, but you wouldn’t have to seek a job if you didn’t have a difficult co-worker prompting you to make a
change. Maybe, there are potential positives in your new position. The trick is to find them.
A．Look for a new job
B．Try to seek jobs in a creative way
C．If your co-workers realize their problems
D．You may not get a positive response at first
E．If the co-workers don’t affect you too much
F．If you do, be specific about what is upsetting you
G．Fortunately, there are some basic ways that can work
【答案】16．G 17．F 18．D 19．E 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何应对工作中遇到的难相处的同事。
16．前文“Handling difficult co-workers in an office environment is a headache. Avoiding them at work is
sometimes not an option, so many people wonder how to deal with them, and perfect solutions can’t come
too soon.（在办公室环境中处理棘手的同事是一件令人头痛的事。在工作中避开他们有时不是一个选择，
所以很多人不知道如何处理他们，完美的解决方案不能来得太快。）”可知上文提到面对难相处的同事
没有快的完美方案；阅读下文可知下文在介绍方法；G项“Fortunately, there are some basic ways that
can work（幸运的是，有一些有效的基本方法）”承接了上文，也引出了下文所介绍的一系列的方法，
符合题意，故选G项。
17．前文“You can talk to this person.（你可以和这个人谈谈）”可知提到要和这个人谈谈；下文“For
example, don’t say, “This person is driving me crazy!” Instead, you should say, “This person habitually
asks me to do her work while she visits chat rooms.”（例如，不要说:“这个人快把我逼疯了！”相反，你
应该说，“这个人习惯性地要求我在她访问聊天室的时候做她的工作。）” F项“If you do, be specific
about what is upsetting you（如果你这样做了，具体说说是什么让你心烦意乱）”承接了上文所述的和这
个人谈谈，也引出了下文举例该怎样谈，符合题意，故选F项。
18．前文“If your co-workers do something that you object to, speak up. Politely but firmly say that you
don’t want to do their extra work, or tell them whatever else is on your mind.（如果你的同事做了你反对的
事情，大声说出来。礼貌但坚定地说，你不想做他们的额外工作，或告诉他们任何其他你的想法。）”
可知本处提到了如何说出自己的想法；下文“but you may if you keep trying. And you’ll also get the
benefit of speaking your mind.（但是如果你继续尝试，你就可以。而且你也会得到说出你的想法的好
处。）”可知本处出现了转折，提到了要继续尝试，推知空处讲的是如果讲一次或者才开始讲，未必得
到积极回应；D项“You may not get a positive response at first（一开始你可能得不到积极的回应）”承
接了上文，又与推测意思一致，符合题意。故选D项。
19．下文“you may choose to get better at ignoring them. This may seem difficult at first, but there’s
something more serious for choosing your battles.（你可以选择更好地忽略他们。这在一开始可能看起来
很困难，但是在选择战斗时还有更严肃的事情。）”可知提到了忽略，推知应该是影响不严重才能忽略
E项“If the co-workers don’t affect you too much（如果你的同事对你没有太大影响的话）”符合题意，
故选E项。
20．下文“If you’ve tried the tips above but they don’t work, you may consider changing jobs. It’s sad if
things have to come to this, but you wouldn’t have to seek a job if you didn’t have a difficult co-worker
prompting you to make a change. Maybe, there are potential positives in your new position. The trick is tofind them.（如果你已经尝试了上面的建议，但是没有用，你可以考虑换工作。如果事情不得不走到这一
步，这是令人伤心的，但是如果没有一个难相处的同事促使你做出改变，你就不必去找工作了。也许你
的新职位有潜在的好处。关键是要找到他们。）”可知本段讲的是如果以上方法不管用的话，就换新工
作。选项A“Look for a new job（寻找新工作）”可以作为本段标题，故选A项。
