文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题39 阅读理解之猜测词义题（讲案）解析版
（快问快答+思维导图+考法点拨+真题再练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解猜测词义题快问快答 P1
二、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情 P2
三、阅读理解猜测词义题命题特点 P2
四、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图 P 3
五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨 P3
考法一：利用释义法猜词 P 3
考法二：利用构词法猜词 P 3
考法三：利用因果关系猜词 P 4
考法四：利用对比关系猜词 P 4
考法五：利用上下文解题 P 5
考法六：利用同义关系解题 P 6
考法七：利用生活常识解题 P 6
考法八：利用就近原则判指代 P 6
六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练(7 例) P 7
七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟(15 篇) P 12
模拟一：生词类猜测词义题 P 12
模拟二：短语类猜测词义题 P 22
模拟三：句子类猜测词义题 P 32
模拟四：代词类猜测词义题 P 35
一、阅读理解猜测词义题快问快答
Q1：阅读理解猜测词义题有什么特点？
A1：猜测词义题属于阅读基础题型，每年必考，难度不大，需要有满分意识。
Q2：阅读理解猜测词义题做题步骤如何？
A2：一是“找词”--先从题干中提取关键性(题眼)，二是“定位”--寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句做
好标记，三是“代入”--仔细比对四个选项与文中细节的细微区别，最后确定答案。
Q3：阅读理解猜测词义题有哪些考查方向？
A3：阅读理解猜测词义题有四大考查方向：一是考查短语语境猜测，二是考查生词语境猜测，三是考查
句子语境理解，四是考查代词语境猜测。
Q4：如何提高阅读理解细节题正答率？
A4：一要掌握阅读理解猜测词义题命题规律和选项特征，二要不断扩大词汇量，尤其是3500高考高频词
汇，三要广泛进行阅读实践和专项训练，积累经验，摸索出一套行之有效的个性化做题模式，四要重视
纠错，探寻错误原因，防止出现类似错误。
二、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情猜测词义题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语
或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词
所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类
生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1
2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3
2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1
三、阅读理解猜测词义题命题特点
特殊疑问句形式:以疑问词what开头引出的问题;通常涉及四种形式：生词型、短语型、句子型、代词
型。
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?（2024新课标I卷，短语型）
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? （2024新课标II卷，短语型）
26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? （2024全国甲卷，短语型）
24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? （2024浙江1月卷，代词型）
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? （2023新课标I卷，生词型）
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? （2023新课标I卷，短语型）
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? （2023新课标II卷，短语型）
四、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图五、阅读理解猜测词义题考法点拨
考法一：利用释义法猜词
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定
义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
【调研01】 (2022全国乙卷第29题)
原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
解析：“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”
对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测 maintenance 是“维护，保养”的意思，C 项 inspection and
repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。故选C。
考法二：利用构词法猜词
英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词
根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。【调研02】（2016全国II卷第27题）
原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a
different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”
27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
解析：downside是由“down（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那
些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。
考法三：利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的
意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体
现。
【调研03】（2019全国II卷第25题）
原文：I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help
for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention
the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even
on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
【解析】由逻辑词“so”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可
能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appeal to feeling”意思是
“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”，故选B项。考法四：利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，
抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有 but,
yet, however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。
【调研04】（2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33题）
原文：According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption
habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that
says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoles with
big appetites you really need to avoid.
33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
解析：利用对比关系猜测词义。根据 “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you
really need to avoid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真
正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people含义相反。
考法五：利用上下文解题
有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析
进而推测词义句意。
【调研05】（2022新高考II卷第24题）
原文：We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people
don't even realize it's new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival
holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his
age.
24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多
年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
考法六：利用同义关系解题
画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的
含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。
【调研06】（2015四川卷第44题）
原文：And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being
more nocturnal.
44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
解析：画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着”，而“also（也）”表明这一句与前
面表达的意思相近，即“黑鹂和海鸥也更活跃”。“nocturnal”应该是“awake”的近义词，意为“夜间活
跃的”，故选A项。
考法七：利用生活常识解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
【调研07】（2020江苏卷第61题）
原文：For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating
first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ _______ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
解析：此题考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以
此处意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选B项。
考法八：利用就近原则判指代
代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。【调研08】（2022新高考II卷第30题）
原文："We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who
pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said,
"people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
解析：30. 词句猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's
behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。
根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their
hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人
们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时
候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
六、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练
【演练01】（2024新课标I卷第28题）
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s
on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading
particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main
idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
28.词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generallymore successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读
几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在
纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the
main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences
from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本
中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处
就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
【演练02】（2024新课标II卷第32题）
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady
into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code
(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience
translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person
rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by
the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样
复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她
从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会
让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书
的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
【演练03】（2023新课标I卷第29题）
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【解析】29.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online
activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully
chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要
求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来
巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理
和挑选。故选A。
【演练04】（2023新课标II卷第30题）
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —
absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted
hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
30.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these
connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at
school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不
同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的
焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些
场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解
的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
【演练05】（2023全国甲卷第24题）
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
【解析】24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，
从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指 Terri Boltonis 是一位 DIY 高手。C 项“Aspecialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
【演练06】（2023全国乙卷第24题）
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side
often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African
people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past
achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back
a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our
first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that
conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加
人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强
大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社
会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we
are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果
我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只
是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本
也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
【演练07】（2023全国甲卷第26题）
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声
音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are
special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans
using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find
food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing
starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess
their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a
place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar
smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in thefuture. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which
they don't usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will
find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds
of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are
just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats.
C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age.
25. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.
26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
27. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展
示爱意。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance,
almost all animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away
any dangerous animals or look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有
的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing
starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be
fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存
技能。故选A。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite
impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.
(猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗
以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and
bring them to their owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取
回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语 take ... up a
notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多
方式来表达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带
回礼物的习惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你
的猫的行为)”作文文章标题最为合适。故选B。
七、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟
【模拟一：生词类猜测词义题】
【模拟01】（23-24高三下·陕西渭南·阶段练习）Pick up any packaged processed food, and there’s a decent
chance that one of its listed ingredients will be “natural flavor”. The ingredient sounds good, particularly in
contrast to “artificial flavor”. But what exactly does natural flavor mean? It refers to extracts (提取物) got from
natural sources like. When consumers see “natural flavor” on a label, they are unlikely to assume that someone is
squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottle. They know even though natural flavor must come from natural
sources, it needn’t all come from the plant or meat. For example, orange flavor might contain not only orange
extract, but also extracts from bark and grass. Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature
are necessarily safer than something artificially made.
So if flavors like orange are needed, why not just use oranges? The answer comes down to “availability,
cost and sustainability”, according to flavor chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota. “If you’re
going to use all your grapes on grape soda,” Reineccius says, “you don’t have any grapes for wine making; the
products are going to be exorbitant and most people can’t afford them.”
Actually, while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients, artificial
flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially. The reason why companies bother to use natural
flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple: marketing. “Many of these products have health titles,” says Platkin,
professor from Hunter College. “Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier,
though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors. Natural flavors may involve more forest
clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavors created in the lab.”Platkin suggests getting more transparent labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or
artificial flavors are, so consumers are not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural
flavors”. Reineccius also offers some simple guidance: “Don’t buy anything because it says ‘natural flavors’. Buy
it because you like it.”
1．Which is a misunderstanding about the “natural flavor” juice according to Paragraph 1?
A．It comes from 100% original fruit.
B．It is nothing but advertising tricks.
C．It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavors.
D．It certainly contains extracts made in the lab.
2．What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Suitable. B．Expensive. C．Official. D．Flexible.
3．Why do companies use natural flavors in their products?
A．To promote the sales. B．To cut the costs.
C．To advocate a healthy diet. D．To avoid food safety issues.
4．What can we conclude from the passage?
A．Cary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives.
B．Natural flavors are more environmentally-friendly.
C．Companies are banned to produce artificial flavor food.
D．Natural and artificial flavors are more alike than you think.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了“天然风味”这一食品标签的含义，指出其并不一定比人
工风味更安全或更健康，而使用天然风味主要是为了市场营销。文章建议提高标签透明度。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“They know even though natural flavor must come from natural sources,
it needn’t all come from the plant or meat. For example, orange flavor might contain not only orange
extract, but also extracts from bark and grass. Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted
from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.”（他们知道，尽管天然香料必须来自天
然来源，但它并不都来自植物或肉类。例如，橙味可能不仅含有橙提取物，还含有树皮和草的提取物。
人们普遍认为从自然中提取的成分一定比人造的更安全，这种说法也不正确。）可知，关于“天然香
料”的果汁有两种误解，一是认为它全部来自植物或肉类，二是认为它比人造香料的果汁更安全。对比
四个选项，C项“它比含有人造香料的果汁更安全。”是其中一种误解。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句““If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda,” Reineccius
says, “you don’t have any grapes for wine making; the products are going to be exorbitant and most peoplecan’t afford them.”（雷内修斯说：“如果你把所有的葡萄都用在葡萄汽水上，你就没有葡萄酿酒了；产
品将会变得exorbitant，大多数人买不起。”）中“people can’t afford them”可推知，如果把所有的葡萄
都用在葡萄汽水上，就没有葡萄用来酿酒了，葡萄酒将会变得非常昂贵，大多数人买不起。由此推知，
画线词“exorbitant”意思是“昂贵的”，与Expensive同义。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than
artificial flavors is simple: marketing.”（公司宁愿使用天然香料而不使用人造香料的原因很简单：营
销。）可知，公司在产品中使用天然香料是为了营销，即为了促进销售。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Actually, while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals
from natural ingredients, artificial flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially.”（化学家
通过从天然成分中提取化学物质来制造天然香料，而人造香料则是通过人工制造相同的化学物质来制造
的。）和“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier, though they’re
nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.”（尽管它们在营养上与人造香料没有什么不同，
消费者可能会被说服相信天然香料的产品更健康。）可知，天然香料和人造香料都是通过制造相同的化
学物质来制造的，即它们有很多相似之处，超出你的想象。故选D项。
【模拟02】（2024·山西运城·二模）While growing up in California in the 1980s, Winifred Frick never
saw a condor(秃鹰) in the wild. The population of North America’s largest bird, Gymnogyps californianus, had
declined to nearly zero by 1987 because so many were shot, poisoned or captured.
The few remaining wild condors were brought into zoos in the early 1980s as part of a captive breeding(圈
养)program. Gradually, a small group of the birds reproduced, and eventually many of the condors were released
back into the wild.
Today, Frick, a conservation biologist, and her 14-year-old son can admire condors flying in the sky while
hiking along the Pacific coast. Nearly 350 of the species, whose wings can span nearly 3 meters, once again fly
over parts of California and Arizona.
The condors’ happy ending is thanks in large part to the U. S. Endangered Species Act, or ESA, enacted on
December 28, 1973. The act currently protects more than 2,300 species. These include more than 900 plants and at
least 160 marine species.
“When it comes to preventing plants and animals from going extinct, the ESA is one of the most powerful
laws we have,” says Frick. “The ESA is about protecting wildlife for our future generations.”
If a species is thought to be threatened or endangered with going extinct, it goes through a strict process to
determine whether it should be added to the endangered species list. Once a species makes the list, government
agencies create a plan to help it recover. This might mean describing ways to restore its habitat or identifying
ways to halt threats to a species. For instance, being listed under the act makes it illegal to use, kill or catch any ofthese organisms. It also bans the import of any endangered foreign animals, as well as any meat or products made
from them.
The ESA has written plenty of success stories over the past half-century. So far, the act has helped keep 99
percent of species under its protection from extinction.
5．Why did the zoos keep wild condors captive in the 1980s?
A．To relocate their natural habitat. B．To restore the condor population.
C．To make way for hiking activities. D．To honor a conservation biologist.
6．What are the figures in paragraph 4 intended to tell us?
A．The survival rate of the condors is high. B．Many species are faced with extinction.
C．The ESA has been recognized by the public. D．The ESA contributes a lot to species protection.
7．What does the underlined word “halt” in paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Stop. B．Track. C．Transform. D．Replace.
8．What’s the best title for the text?
A．The ESA Has Saved Many Species B．Quantities of Species Are Dying Out
C．The ESA Shares the Story of Condors D．Wild Animals Are in Need of Protection
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《濒危物种法》拯救了很多物种。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The few remaining wild condors were brought into zoos in the early 1980s
as part of a captive breeding (圈养) 、program. Gradually, a small group of the birds reproduced, and
eventually many of the condors were released back into the wild. (20 世纪80年代初，作为圈养计划的一部
分，剩下的少数野生秃鹰被带进了动物园。渐渐地，一小群秃鹰繁殖了，最终许多秃鹰被释放回野外。)”
可知，动物园当时圈养秃鹰是为了恢复其数量。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“The act currently protects more than 2,300 species. These include more
than 900 plants and upwards of 160 marine species. (该法案目前保护了2300多个物种。其中包括900多种
植物和超过160种海洋生物。)”可知，《濒危物种法》在物种保护方面贡献很大。故选D项。
7．词句猜测题。根据画线词后“For instance, being listed under the act makes it illegal to use, kill or
catch any of these organisms. It also bans the import of any endangered foreign animals, as well as any
meat or products made from them. (例如，根据该法案，使用、杀害或捕捉这些生物是违法的。它还禁止
进口任何濒危的外国动物，以及由它们制成的任何肉类或产品。)”可推断，画线词所在句的句意为“这可
能意味着描述恢复其栖息地的方法，或确定阻止对一个物种的威胁的方法”。因此推测画线词的意思与
Stop的意思最接近。故选A项。
8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The ESA has written plenty of success stories over the past half-century.So far, the act has helped keep 99 percent of species under its protection from extinction. (在过去的半个世
纪中，濒危物种法案 (ESA) 已经写下了许多成功的故事。到目前为止，该法案已经帮助在其保护下的物
种中99%免于灭绝。)”及全文可知，本文的主要内容是：由于《濒危物种法》的颁布，很多濒临灭绝的
物种得到了保护，它们的数量也在不断恢复。故 A项“《濒危物种法》拯救了很多物种”最适合作本文
的标题。故选A项。
【模拟 03】（2024·浙江金华·三模）The US economy seems strong with high employment, falling
inflation (通货膨胀), and growth. However, the reality is far less optimistic for ordinary American workers.
A March 6 survey by the Savings website showed that 47% of US parents financially support their adult
children to cope with rising living costs. Gen Zers (18-27) are the most likely to receive such aid, averaging
$1,515 per month. Still, even older parents assist their Millennial and Generation X adult children, accounting for
21% of support. Common expenses include groceries, tuition, and health insurance.
Why are so many US adults struggling? Soaring food prices are a major factor. The US Department of
Agriculture predicts a 2.5% increase in food prices in 2024. Meanwhile, stable housing remains an elusive dream
for many, with the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage (抵押贷款) reaching at almost 8% in October 2023,
according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. This high cost prices many Americans out of homeownership.
The final piece of the puzzle is falling salaries. Previous generations were able to count on graduating from
college as the key to landing a job that paid well. But now, young US graduates have found that they earn less
than their parents. According to a CNBC analysis, college graduate salaries have decreased more than 10 percent
in four decades after adjusting for inflation. In other words, steadily declining salaries make it even harder for
young Americans to cope with steadily rising costs.
With Gen Zers in the US struggling under financial pressures, so do the older generations supporting them,
as their generosity puts their prospects for retirement at risk. The Savings website discovered that working parents
were found to contribute 2.4 times more to support adult children than they contribute to their retirement accounts
each month.
Essentially, while the US economy remains floating, we might witness multiple generations of Americans
sinking in their own lifeboats in the years ahead.
9．What did the March 6 survey find out about adult children in the US?
A．Nearly half of them are financially dependent.
B．Over half of Gen Zers are financially struggling.
C．21 percent of Generation X receive parental help.
D．A majority of them rely on their parents for education.
10．What does the underlined word “elusive” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?A．Readily accessible. B．Difficult to achieve.
C．Often misunderstood. D．Commonly sought after.
11．What can be inferred from the article about people in the US?
A．Graduates’ financial struggles are temporary.
B．Government policies favor older generations.
C．Financial pressures affect both the young and the old.
D．Salaries for graduates tend to keep pace with inflation.
12．What is the author’s attitude toward the future prospects of Americans?
A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Reserved. D．Ambiguous.
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．C 12．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国经济看似强大，但实际上普通美国工人的生活并不乐
观，许多美国成年人都在经济上挣扎，而且这种压力也影响到了他们的父母。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A March 6 survey by the Savings website showed that 47% of US
parents financially support their adult children to cope with rising living costs.(3 月6日，储蓄网站的一项
调查显示，47%的美国父母在经济上支持他们的成年子女应对生活成本的上升)”可知，近半数的美国成年
子女在经济上依赖父母。故选A。
10．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Meanwhile, stable housing remains an elusive dream for many, with
the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage (抵押贷款) reaching at almost 8% in October 2023, according to
the Mortgage Bankers Association.(同时，根据抵押贷款银行家协会的数据，对许多人来说，稳定的住房
仍然是一个elusive的梦想，2023年10月，30年固定利率抵押贷款的平均利率达到了近8%)”可知，2023
年10月，30年固定利率抵押贷款的平均利率达到了近8%，对许多人来说，稳定的住房是一个难以实现
的梦想，因此“elusive”应该是“难以实现的”。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In other words, steadily declining salaries make it even harder for
young Americans to cope with steadily rising costs.(换句话说，不断下降的工资使美国年轻人更难应对不
断上升的成本)”及第五段“With Gen Zers in the US struggling under financial pressures, so do the older
generations supporting them, as their generosity puts their prospects for retirement at risk.(随着美国Gen
Zers一代在经济压力下苦苦挣扎，支持他们的老一辈也在苦苦挣扎，因为他们的慷慨将他们的退休前景
置于危险之中)”可推知，经济压力影响到了年轻人和老年人。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Essentially, while the US economy remains floating, we might witness
multiple generations of Americans sinking in their own lifeboats in the years ahead.(从本质上讲，尽管美国
经济仍在浮动，但在未来几年，我们可能会看到几代美国人在自己的救生艇上沉没)”可推知，作者对美国
人的未来前景持消极态度。故选A。【模拟04】（2024·陕西榆林·三模）Fingerprints have been used to identify individuals for centuries.
But now scientists may have finally figured out how those patterns are formed, according to a paper published in
the journal Cell in February.
Previous studies have shown that fingerprints can be influenced by the shape and size of the blood vessels
in the skin and how fast the different layers of skin grow. Denis Headon at the University of Edinburgh, UK, and
his colleagues started their study from a new viewpoint: how genes affect fingerprint patterns. They identified the
genes related to limb (肢体) development, which could serve as the groundwork for print formation, according to
their work published in 2022.
However, many genes are not involved in the process. “The key is how they form,” Headon told Nature, a
science journal. The team studied the ridges (脊) on mouse toes and human cells grown artificially.
They found two kinds of elements work against each other. A protein called WNT, which is important in
skin development, promotes ridge formation. Another molecule (分子), called BMP, impedes the ridges. With the
two elements “fighting” each other, they create the patterns of waves. The team also changed the timing and the
location of the origins of the waves in experiments. They discovered that the waves would collide in different
ways, which helps to create the diversity of print patterns.
Interestingly, the analysis of the fingerprint patterns supported the Turing reaction-diffusion system. It was
first proposed by UK scientist Alan Turing in 1952 to describe a self-organizing system that creates patterns in
nature, such as the feather patterns in birds and stripes on zebra. The researchers also built a computer model that
can recreate print patterns by following the Turing system.
Based on the new study, it may be possible that the structures of human skin might be all generated by the
same mechanism, Sarah Millar, a US biologist, told the website Science News. However, more studies on how the
skin matures are needed to solve the mystery.
13．What did Denis Headon and his colleagues focus on in their study?
A．The relation between skin growth and fingerprint formation.
B．The influence of blood vessels on fingerprint patterns.
C．The impact of genes on fingerprint patterns.
D．The analysis of mouse toes’ ridges.
14．What approach did the researchers adopt to conduct the study?
A．They experimented with mouse toes and artificial human cells.
B．They compared mouse toes with human hands.
C．They did research on human hand anatomy.
D．They planted human cells in mouse toes.15．What does the underlined word “impedes” in paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Supports. B．Stops. C．Generates. D．Influences.
16．What can be inferred about the study from the last paragraph?
A．It uncovers how the skin is generated. B．It promotes Alan Turing’s theory.
C．It may further research on skin maturation. D．It shows the mechanism of skin formation.
【答案】13．C 14．A 15．B 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们从一个新的研究视角开展的一项研究——基因如
何影响指纹模式及其对未来人类皮肤研究的启发。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Denis Headon at the University of Edinburgh, UK, and his colleagues
started their study from a new viewpoint: how genes affect fingerprint patterns.（英国爱丁堡大学的丹尼
斯·黑顿（Denis Headon）和他的同事们从一个新的视角开始了他们的研究：基因如何影响指纹模
式。）”可知，丹尼斯·黑顿（Denis Headon）和他的同事们在研究中关注基因对指纹模式的影响。故选
C。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The team studied the ridges (脊) on mouse toes and human cells
grown artificially.（研究小组研究了老鼠脚趾上的脊和人工培育的人类细胞。）”可知，研究人员通过对
老鼠脚趾和人工培育的人类细胞进行实验来进行研究。故选A。
15．词义猜测题。根据第四段“A protein called WNT, which is important in skin development, promotes
ridge formation(一种名为WNT的蛋白质在皮肤发育中起着重要作用，它促进了脊的形成)”可知，叫做
WNT 的蛋白质刺激脊的形成；再根据“With the two elements ‘fighting’ each other, they create the
patterns of waves.( 当这两种元素相互“斗争”时，它们就形成了波纹的图案)”可知，WNT蛋白质促进
脊线的形成，而另一种分子BMP则与WNT相对抗。由此可推断，impedes的意思应为“阻碍”或“阻
止”。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, more studies on how the skin matures are needed to solve the
mystery.（然而，要解开这个谜团，还需要更多关于皮肤如何成熟的研究。）”可以推断，这项研究可能
会进一步推动对皮肤成熟过程的研究。故选C。
【模拟 05】（2024·湖南·二模）An ordinary day in 2008, first grade teacher Alvin Irby stopped by a
Bronx barbershop after school for a haircut. Before long, one of his students came in.
“He is getting antsy; he’s kind of looking bored,” Irby recalled. “I’m looking at this student (thinking), ‘He
should be practicing his reading.’ But I didn’t have a book.” That moment stayed with Irby, and five years later he
started Barbershop Books. Since 2013, the nonprofit has brought more than 50,000 free children’s books to more
than 200 barbershops in mainly Black neighborhoods across the country.
According to Irby, they are putting books in a male-centered space. “Less than 2% of teachers are Blackmales and many Black boys are raised by single moms. Black boys don’t see Black men reading.” So, Irby
involves the barbers in his mission—training them to engage boys about reading.
“We want them to encourage kids to use the reading spaces,” he said. “Then they can talk to them about
how they like reading, how funny a book was, or tell them about another book another kid was reading.” Irby
believes that talking about books with a Black man can be powerful for the boys he serves. “Our goal is not to
turn barbers into tutors,” he said. “This is an opportunity to provide boys with male role models.”
Denny Moe was the first barber to work with Irby. Moe had previously offered video games at his Harlem
shop, to bring in extra income, but he was willing to forego that to help the community. “I decided to pay it
forward by getting rid of the video games, putting books in here, just to get the kids’ minds going,” he said. “You
want to make an impact.”
And that’s what keeps Irby motivated. “I’m just excited that we get to create a safe space for boys to do
something that’s really life changing,” he said. “That’s what I really believe reading is. It unlocks potential.”
17．What inspired Irby to launch the project Barbershop Books?
A．His encounter with his student in the barber’s.
B．His childhood experience in his neighborhood.
C．His bad impression on Black men.
D．Barbers’ enthusiasm and generosity.
18．What does Irby intend the barbers to do in the project?
A．To collect books for Black boys.
B．To set a good example as a behaved citizen.
C．To help Black boys comprehend books.
D．To draw Black boys to reading.
19．What does the underlined word “forego” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Give up. B．Build up. C．Give away. D．Open up.
20．What has contributed to the success of the project?
A．Black boys’ increased interest in reading.
B．New policies concerning barbers’ shops.
C．Irby’s firm belief in the power of reading.
D．Effective cooperation between Irby and Denny Moe.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．A 20．C
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了一年级教师Alvin Irby在理发店遇到一个学生后引发了他的思考，
继而开创了Barbershop Books这个非营利项目，为一群由单亲妈妈抚养长大的黑人孩子提供书籍和读书空间，为他们树立男性榜样，使他们的生活发生了改变。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“An ordinary day in 2008, first grade teacher Alvin Irby stopped by a
Bronx barbershop after school for a haircut. Before long, one of his students came in.”（2008年一个普通
的日子，一年级Alvin Irby放学后到布朗克斯的一家理发店理发。不久，他的一个学生走了进来。）和第
二段““He is getting antsy; he’s kind of looking bored,” Irby recalled. “I’m looking at this student
(thinking), ‘He should be practicing his reading.’ But I didn’t have a book.” That moment stayed with Irby,
and five years later he started Barbershop Books.”（“他开始坐立不安了;他看起来有点无聊，”Irby回
忆道。“我看着这个学生(在想)，‘他应该在练习阅读。’但我没有书。”那一刻一直伴随着 Irby，五年
后他创办了Barbershop Books。）可知，是当时在理发店碰到一个学生引发了 Irby的思考，继而开创了
Barbershop Books这个项目的。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“So, Irby involves the barbers in his mission—training them to engage boys
about reading.”（因此，Irby让理发师参与到他的任务中来——训练他们让男孩们参与阅读。）可知，
Irby打算让理发师们吸引这些黑人男孩们阅读书籍。故选D。
19．词义猜测题。根据上一句“Moe had previously offered video games at his Harlem shop, to bring in
extra income,”（Moe之前曾在他的Harlem商店里提供电子游戏，以赚取额外收入）和转折词“but”可
知，划线词所在句与上一句之间为转折关系，故“he was willing to forego that to help the community.”应
表示虽然他赚取了额外收入，但是为了帮助社区，他愿意放弃这些收入，故forego表示“放弃”。故选
A。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段““I’m just excited that we get to create a safe space for boys to do
something that’s really life changing,” he said. “That’s what I really believe reading is. It unlocks
potential.””（“我很激动，我们可以为男孩们创造一个安全的空间，让他们做一些真正改变生活的事
情。”他说，“这就是我真的相信阅读可以做到，它释放了人们的潜力。”）可知，这个项目的成功，
来源于Irby对阅读力量的坚定信念。故选C。
【模拟二：短语类猜测词义题】
【模拟06】（2024·江西吉安·模拟预测）A century ago, kids were transported to school by all kinds of
random vehicles. Because there were no national standards, it was up to states or individual school districts to hire
buses, trucks and even horse-drawn wagons to convey kids to and from school.
Frank Cyr didn’t like this system. Back in the 1930s, Cyr was a professor at Teachers College, Columbia
University, and an advocate for rural education. Cyr traveled the country conducting a study of school
transportation. “In many cases, standards have been set up by more or less hit-and-miss methods,” reported Cyr
in a New York Times article. He decided that something needed to be done to keep America’s schoolkids safe.So in 1939, Cyr organized a conference in New York City dedicated to improving and standardizing the
American school bus. He invited educators, transportation officials from 48 states and bus manufacturers to design
a newer, safer school bus. At the meeting, Cyr hung up 50 paint samples on the walls of the conference room and
formed a special committee to pick a winner. They chose the symbolic yellow-orange color that was originally
known as “National School Bus Chrome”.
Cyr wasn’t a scientist or a safety expert, but he instinctively made the connection between bright colors,
visibility and vehicle safety. “Based upon the standards of 1939, yellow was a very intelligent choice,” says Dr.
Stephen Solomon, a retired optometrist (验光师) and founder of Visibility in Motion, which does consulting for
emergency services providers. “The colors that are most easily seen by the human eye are the yellows — the
yellow-green to yellow to greenish-yellow,” says Solomon. “That’s at the peak of the visibility range.”
Solomon explains that color vision is determined by photoreceptor cells in the retina (视网膜) called cones
(视锥细胞). There are three types of cones, each tuned to detect different wavelengths of light: red, green and
blue. Yellow light stimulates both the red and green cones at the same time, which is why the eye is most sensitive
to colors in the yellow range.
21．What does the underlined word “hit-and-miss” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Random. B．Similar. C．Effective. D．Special.
22．What do we learn about the 1939 meeting?
A．Many schoolkids were invited.
B．A prize was chosen to award a winner.
C．Cyr was appointed as a transportation official.
D．The color yellow was selected for school buses.
23．Why is yellow a distinct color for the eye?
A．It has different wavelengths. B．It determines photoreceptor cells.
C．It affects two cones at the same time. D．It covers the most visibility range.
24．What can be a suitable title of this text?
A．Why Are School Buses Yellow? B．Cyr: Father of School Buses
C．1939: a Year of School Bus Standards D．What Vehicles Are Safe for Kids?
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“校车是黄色的”这一普遍现象的由来。
21．词句猜测题。根据第一段“A century ago, kids were transported to school by all kinds of random
vehicles. Because there were no national standards, it was up to states or individual school districts to hire
buses, trucks and even horse-drawn wagons to convey kids to and from school.(一个世纪以前，孩子们被各种各样的交通工具送到学校。因为没有全国性的标准，所以要由各州或各个学区自己租用公共汽车、卡
车，甚至马车来接送孩子上下学)”以及第二段“He decided that something needed to be done to keep
America’s schoolkids safe.(他决定需要采取一些措施来保证美国学生的安全)”可知，在国家统一的校车标
准出来前，各地的校车标准都是不一样的，有的地方用这种方法比较好，有的地方用那种方法不太合适
因此hit-and-miss意为“不确定的、时好时坏的”，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段“So in 1939, Cyr organized a conference in New York City dedicated to
improving and standardizing the American school bus. He invited educators, transportation officials from
48 states and bus manufacturers to design a newer, safer school bus. At the meeting, Cyr hung up 50 paint
samples on the walls of the conference room and formed a special committee to pick a winner. They chose
the symbolic yellow-orange color that was originally known as “National School Bus Chrome”.(因此，在
1939年，Cyr在纽约市组织了一次会议，致力于改善和标准化美国校车。他邀请了48个州的教育工作者、
交通官员和校车制造商来设计一种更新、更安全的校车。在会议上，Cyr在会议室的墙上挂了50个油漆
样品，并成立了一个特别委员会来挑选获胜者。他们选择了具有象征意义的黄橙色，最初被称为“国家
校车铬”。)”可知，在1939年的会议上，黄色被选作校车的统一颜色。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Solomon explains that color vision is determined by photoreceptor
cells in the retina (视网膜) called cones (视锥细胞). There are three types of cones, each tuned to detect
different wavelengths of light: red, green and blue. Yellow light stimulates both the red and green cones at
the same time, which is why the eye is most sensitive to colors in the yellow range.(所罗门解释说，色觉是
由视网膜上被称为视锥细胞的感光细胞决定的。有三种视锥细胞，每一种都能探测到不同波长的光：红
色、绿色和蓝色。黄光同时刺激红色和绿色视锥细胞，这就是为什么眼睛对黄色范围内的颜色最敏感)”可
知，黄色光能同时刺激红色和绿色视锥细胞，这就是眼睛对黄色光最为敏感的原因。故选C项。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A century ago, kids were transported to school by all kinds of random
vehicles. Because there were no national standards, it was up to states or individual school districts to hire
buses, trucks and even horse-drawn wagons to convey kids to and from school.(一个世纪以前，孩子们被各
种各样的交通工具送到学校。因为没有全国性的标准，所以要由各州或各个学区自己租用公共汽车、卡
车，甚至马车来接送孩子上下学)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍校车颜色选择黄色的主要原因，所以
A项“Why Are School Buses Yellow?(为什么校车是黄色的?)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
【模拟07】（2024·安徽芜湖·模拟预测）Virtual reality (VR) is quickly becoming the new technological
frontier. However, a set of challenges and hurdles need to be overcome, including things like low latency, the high
refresh rate, high resolution and a wide field of view.
Now that we can actually build VR headsets that begin to meet these requirements, we are seeing a risinginterest in VR. As it rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced by using VR. Journalism is
a medium built on relevance. Journalists should always be finding new ways to tell stories and deliver content. VR
is a goldmine for storytelling. What better way to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?
By using VR, the consumer isn’t just reading or watching something played out; they’re experiencing it.
The super-realistic effect of VR allows people to connect them with the subject matter on a much deeper level
than just reading about it. Any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely
be considering the power of VR.
The question of VR, though, is not how powerful it is. It is apparent that the question of VR is its
availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the
biggest challenge that VR faces. If the tools to tell a story with VR aren’t easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If
VR isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail.
Accessibility is one concern for Thomas Hallaq. However, he thinks VR is still very promising. Hallaq said,
“We’re seeing more technology becoming accessible, and more people having access to that technology. Just look
at smartphones.” If the technology is widely available and companies can overcome the hurdles, VR will succeed
in being a desirable means of storytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we
tell stories.
25．Why is VR considered a power tool for journalism?
A．It entertains the consumers. B．It delivers content very fast.
C．It is equipped with improved headsets. D．It gets people’s senses fully involved.
26．What is the biggest challenge for VR as a journalism tool?
A．Easy access. B．New resources.
C．Public acceptance. D．Technical barriers.
27．What does the underlined expression “top-of-the-line” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．The longest in history. B．The highest in price.
C．The best in quality. D．The largest in quantity.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Approaches to employing VR.
B．VR: the future of storytelling.
C．Secrets of the increasing popularity of VR.
D．Storytelling ability: the quality of journalists.
【答案】25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B
【导语】这是一篇关于虚拟现实(VR)技术在新闻报道领域应用的议论文。文章讨论了 VR技术如何成为新闻报道的新前沿，并分析了VR技术面临的挑战和潜力。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“By using VR, the consumer isn’t just reading or watching something
played out; they’re experiencing it. (通过使用VR，消费者不仅仅是阅读或观看某件事的发生；他们正在
体验它。)”可知，VR技术能够通过让消费者完全沉浸在故事中来讲述故事，这种超现实的效果让人们与
主题的联系比仅仅阅读更加深刻。因此，正确答案是D项，即VR能够让人们完全参与其中。故选D项。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The question of VR, though, is not how powerful it is. It is apparent
that the question of VR is its availability. (然而，VR的问题不在于它有多强大。显然，VR的问题在于它
的可用性。)”可知，VR技术的成功关键在于其可用性，即讲故事的工具必须易于使用，并且这些故事的
访问必须容易获得。因此，正确答案是A项，即易于访问。故选A项。
27．词句猜测题。根据划线的句子“If VR isn’t both top-of-the-line and affordable, VR will fail. (如果VR
既不是最好的的，也不具有可负担性，VR将会失败。)”可知，VR如果不想失败，那么它就得是最好的，
或者可以负担得起的，这个短语是用来描述VR技术需要达到的最高标准，包括质量和性能。因此，正确
答案是C项，即质量最好的。故选C项。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一句“Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way
we tell stories.(像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，VR将改变我们讲述故事的方式。)”以及整篇文章的内
容，VR技术在新闻报道中的应用和其作为故事讲述工具的潜力是核心主题。因此，正确答案是 B项，即
“VR：故事讲述的未来”。故选B项。
【模拟08】（23-24高三下·福建宁德·期末）Brown mud is found on coastlines around the UK. It might
not look very exciting but in fact it supports wildlife that does a very important job. Scientists in Scotland have
just begun a study of coastal mud. They are sifting (筛选) through it to find the creatures living there, which could
provide a natural solution to climate change.
Some of the mud-burrowing (泥土穴居) creatures feed on tiny organisms such as algae and plankton.
These organisms absorb carbon. If algae and plankton are left in the sea they eventually die, rot (腐烂) and give
out carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas into the atmosphere, which contributes to global warming. Instead, many are pulled
down into the sea bed by mud-burrowing creatures, where the carbon they contain is stored, for hundreds of years.
Dr Ceri Lewis is leading a team of scientists who are measuring which creatures are best at storing carbon
in the sea be d off the west coast of Scotland. “There are some fantastic, wonderful animals living in ocean mud,
all doing these important jobs,” Lewis told The Times newspaper. In the area, there are at least 200 species of
invertebrates (animals without backbones). The scientists’ work includes scooping up mud from the sea bed,
sifting it to find the invertebrates, and measuring how much carbon each one stores.
Lewis’s study is part of a huge five-year project called the Convex Seascape Survey. It is measuring howmuch carbon is stored in coastal areas all around the world, and how much more could be stored in the future.
Lewis admits that mud isn’t the first thing people think of when looking for solutions to climate change, but, she
says, “It couldn’t be a more important time to work out how we can best use nature’s power to lock carbon away.”
29．What can be learned about the mud-burrowing creatures?
A．They can absorb carbon.
B．They give out carbon in the sea.
C．They help to lock carbon away.
D．They contribute to global warming.
30．What does the underlined phrase “scooping up” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Spooning up. B．Making up.
C．Looking up. D．Cleaning up.
31．Why does Lewis want to measure carbon in his study?
A．To store much more carbon.
B．To study the secrets of the sea.
C．To sort out the creatures in the sea.
D．To seek a natural solution to climate change.
32．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Greater importance should be attached to coastal mud.
B．Climate change depends on the amount of carbon.
C．Human beings should use natural power to break down carbon.
D．The most important time to measure costal mud is in the five years.
【答案】29．C 30．A 31．D 32．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家在苏格兰开展了一项关于沿海泥土的研究，旨在寻找自然
解决气候变化的方法。研究发现，泥土中的穴居生物能够吸收并储存碳，这有助于减少温室气体排放，
对抗全球变暖。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Some of the mud-burrowing (泥土穴居) creatures feed on tiny
organisms such as algae and plankton. These organisms absorb carbon. If algae and plankton are left in the
sea they eventually die, rot (腐烂) and give out carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas into the atmosphere, which
contributes to global warming. Instead, many are pulled down into the sea bed by mud-burrowing
creatures, where the carbon they contain is stored, for hundreds of years.(一些泥土穴居生物以微小的生物
为食，如藻类和浮游生物。这些生物吸收碳。如果藻类和浮游生物留在海里，它们最终会死亡、腐烂并
将二氧化碳 (CO₂) 气体释放到大气中，这会导致全球变暖。相反，许多藻类和浮游生物被泥土穴居生物拖入海底，它们所含的碳在那里被储存起来，长达数百年。)”可知，许多泥土穴居生物会将藻类和浮游生
物拉入海底，其中所含的碳会被储存数百年。因此，这些泥土穴居生物有助于将碳封存起来。故选C。
30．词句猜测题。根据上文“Dr Ceri Lewis is leading a team of scientists who are measuring which
creatures are best at storing carbon in the sea be d off the west coast of Scotland.(Ceri Lewis 博士带领一组
科学家在苏格兰西海岸附近的海域测量哪些生物最擅长储存碳。)”可知，此处指科学家的工作包括从海底
舀起泥巴，筛选出来以找到无脊椎动物，并测量每个无脊椎动物储存的碳量。因此，“scooping up”应该
是指用勺子等工具舀起泥巴，所以答案为A，即“Spooning up”（舀起）。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Lewis’s study is part of a huge five-year project called the Convex
Seascape Survey. It is measuring how much carbon is stored in coastal areas all around the world, and how
much more could be stored in the future. Lewis admits that mud isn’t the first thing people think of when
looking for solutions to climate change, but, she says, “It couldn’t be a more important time to work out
how we can best use nature’s power to lock carbon away.”(路易斯的研究是一个名为“凸面海景调查”
（Convex Seascape Survey）的五年大型项目的一部分。该项目正在测量全球沿海地区储存的碳量，以及
未来可能储存的碳量。路易斯承认，在寻找应对气候变化的解决方案时，泥土并不是人们首先想到的东
西，但她说，“现在正是我们找出如何最好地利用自然的力量来封存碳的关键时刻。”)”可知，Lewis的
研究是凸面海景调查（Convex Seascape Survey）这一五年大项目的一部分，该项目旨在测量全球沿海地
区储存的碳量以及未来可能储存的碳量。Lewis说，她研究碳是为了找到应对气候变化的自然解决方案。
因此，她的目的是寻找自然方法来减少碳的排放和储存，以对抗全球变暖。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Lewis admits that mud isn’t the first thing people think of when
looking for solutions to climate change, but, she says, “It couldn’t be a more important time to work out
how we can best use nature’s power to lock carbon away.”(路易斯承认，在寻找应对气候变化的解决方案
时，泥土并不是人们首先想到的东西，但她说，“现在正是我们找出如何最好地利用自然的力量来封存
碳的关键时刻。”)”可知，泥土不是人们首先考虑解决气候变化问题的方案，但现在是更好地利用自然的
力量来封存碳的关键时刻。因此，可以推断出，我们应该更加重视沿海地区的泥土，因为它们对碳的封
存和减少气候变化的影响非常重要。故选A。
【模拟 09】（2024·河北衡水·模拟预测）Flaco the owl (猫头鹰) is gone, but his life had all the
elements of a classic hero’s story, not soon forgotten. Flaco lived a dozen years in a comfortable cage in the
Central Park Zoo where little happened and less was needed. His life was a safe existence without freedom. Then,
a year ago, someone released him.
On Friday, when he died of injury, perhaps from a collision (碰撞) with a Manhattan apartment building’s
glass windows, his death offered us a chance to reckon with the question at the heart of many a hero’s journey:Can we put a price on freedom?
Flaco’s liberation from his cage came at a cost — he spent the final year of his life free, but threatened from
all sides by a booming city. Was it worth it?
Almost from the moment he was released, Flaco became a symbol of hope for many of the people who
followed his story and recognized parts of themselves in him. Some saw him as the symbol of the American
dream, an outsider who had come to Manhattan and made a life for himself here, like millions of others who
arrived penniless and unconnected in search of freedom.
As a result, he flew around the city. We were terrified that he’d succumb to (屈服于) the dangers of city
life. Flaco had no experience living outside a cage, and New Yorkers initially doubted his chances of survival. We
worried that he’d eat a rat with enough poison in its system to kill him. But Flaco never looked back. Perhaps
freedom itself was the home he’d discovered.
And though we feared for him, his new life excited us. How many of us, our circumstances familiar and
sale, are too frightened to seek our more fully realized selves?
How many of us, viewing our confinements as nothing out of the ordinary, have long stopped wondering
what our wings are for?
Have we not all desired a life beyond the range of the one we lead? Flaco showed that our desire is not
misplaced. His choice proved a truth that given a chance, living things choose freedom of movement.
33．What do the underlined words “reckon with” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Bring up. B．Deal with. C．Reflect on. D．Look into.
34．What happened to Flaco the owl after he was released from his cage?
A．He died a natural death.
B．He was caught and returned to the zoo.
C．He died from a collision with a building.
D．He lived a free life but faced many threats.
35．What was the initial reaction of New Yorkers towards Flaco’s release?
A．They were excited and supportive.
B．They were worried about his survival.
C．They were indifferent and unconcerned.
D．They were angry and opposed to his release.
36．What does the author want to convey through the story of Flaco?
A．The importance of protecting wildlife.
B．The risks and rewards of seeking freedom.C．The value of overcoming challenges in life.
D．The need for more awareness about animal rights.
【答案】33．C 34．C 35．B 36．B
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。猫头鹰弗拉科被释放后却碰撞建筑物死亡，他获得了自由，但是失去
了生命，这一切值得吗？作者通过文章告诉我们，追求自由有风险，也有收获。
33．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“On Friday, when he died of injury, perhaps from a collision (碰撞)
with a Manhattan apartment building’s glass windows, his death offered us a chance(周五，他伤重不治，
可能是撞上了曼哈顿一栋公寓楼的玻璃窗，他的死给了我们一个机会)”及“the question at the heart of
many a hero’s journey: Can we put a price on freedom?(许多英雄旅程的核心问题：我们能给自由标价
吗)”可推知，猫头鹰弗拉科的死亡，给了一个“思考”这个问题的机会。由此可知，划线词组与“reflect
on(反思)”意思相近。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段“On Friday, when he died of injury, perhaps from a collision (碰撞) with a
Manhattan apartment building’s glass windows, his death offered us a chance to reckon with the question
at the heart of many a hero’s journey: Can we put a price on freedom?(上周五，他伤重不治，可能是撞上
了曼哈顿一栋公寓楼的玻璃窗。他的死让我们有机会思考许多英雄旅程中的核心问题：我们能给自由标
价吗？)”可知，猫头鹰弗拉科死于与建筑物的碰撞。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Flaco had no experience living outside a cage, and New Yorkers
initially doubted his chances of survival. We worried that he’d eat a rat with enough poison in its system to
kill him. (Flaco没有在笼子外生活的经验，纽约人最初怀疑它的生存机会。我们担心他会吃下体内有毒的
老鼠致其死亡)”可推知，当猫头鹰弗拉科被释放时，纽约人最初担心他的生存机会。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Can we put a price on freedom?(我们能给自由标价吗？)”；第三段
“Flaco’s liberation from his cage came at a cost — he spent the final year of his life free, but threatened
from all sides by a booming city. Was it worth it?(弗拉科从笼子里解放出来是有代价的——他在自由中度
过了生命的最后一年，但却受到了一个蓬勃发展的城市的四面八方的威胁。值得吗？)”及文章最后一段
“Have we not all desired a life beyond the range of the one we lead? Flaco showed that our desire is not
misplaced. His choice proved a truth that given a chance, living things choose freedom of movement.(难道
我们不都渴望过一种超出我们所能承受范围的生活吗？弗拉科表明，我们的愿望并不是错位的。他的选
择证明了一个真理：只要有机会，生物就会选择自由行动)”可推知，作者通过猫头鹰弗拉科获得自由却死
亡的事迹告诉我们追求自由有风险，也会有回报。故选B。
【模拟10】（2024·北京·高考真题）The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible
to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether theuniverse is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is
not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance
scientific knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that
are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in
structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the
world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain.
No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality,
reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social,
cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.
So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a
computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can
we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our
comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In
Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒
子) physics.
Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information
processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of
the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of
particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make
discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the
“computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
37．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis?
A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument.
C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison.
38．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by.
39．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________.
A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving
40．It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A．compare the current models with the previous onesB．continue exploring the classical models in history
C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
【答案】37．C 38．B 39．A 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论
的看法。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous
results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists
actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know
whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术
语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的
是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进
科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知
识。故选C项。
38．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t
reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and
psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于
contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代
先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短
语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。
39．推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately
consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists,
he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18 世纪的哲学家康德
认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建
和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable,
we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知
的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观
陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。
40．推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or
an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries.
And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们
拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable
to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based
model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于
“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没
有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会
更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。
【模拟三：句子类猜测词义题】
【模拟11】（2024·江苏徐州·模拟预测）After promotions or engagements, many people’s impulse is to
share good news with their nearest and dearest, or post on social media for all to see. Yet a study suggests that we
are better off keeping our cards closer to our chests, for “positive secrets” can leave us feeling “energized and
invigorated”.
Researchers at Columbia University conducted five experiments with 2,500 people and found that more
than three quarters of participants instinctively wanted to tell someone else straight away when they had some
good news. The study stated, “Prior research on secrecy has focused on the effects of negative secrets, secrets that
involve information that people consider unpleasant, objectionable, or embarrassing. Although negative secrets
have been found to be tiring, we propose that positive secrets can be energizing”.
We define feelings of energy as feeling alive, alert, active and invigorated. Delaying the moment when you
share your good news with others allows you to spend more time savouring the information, reflecting on its
meaning or considering possible joyful reactions to sharing the secret.
Participants in the study were shown 40 types of common good news. They were asked which they had
personally experienced, which they had shared with others and which they had kept secret, at least for a while, and
how these experiences made them feel. They were also asked to imagine they had a piece of good news and to
picture two scenarios(场景), one in which they choose not to tell their partner until the end of the day, and one in
which they try to call their partner but cannot get through, so have to wait until later. The first scenario, involving
a deliberate choice to keep the secret for a few hours, led to positive feelings, while the second did not.
However, the researchers admitted that some “positive” secrets would not make you happy. This could be
those kept secret to avoid embarrassment, such as when a piece of good news may make others feel worse about
their own situation.
41．What does the underlined sentence imply?
A．Keeping good news a secret. B．Giving your heart to your partner.C．Sharing good news with others. D．Preventing your card from being seen.
42．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．What is the proper time to share good news.
B．What secrets are suitable for us to share.
C．How we should define feelings of energy.
D．Why delaying sharing good news is recommended.
43．How did the researchers get their findings?
A．By making comparisons. B．By analyzing previous studies.
C．By demonstrating statistics. D．By referring to literary review.
44．Which of the following sharing may lead to embarrassment?
A．You post your college acceptance letter on Tik Tok.
B．You talk about success before your partner who failed.
C．You tell your parents that you have won a scholarship.
D．You fail to put through to tell your wife your promotion.
【答案】41．A 42．D 43．A 44．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要向我们讲述了自己保留一些“积极的秘密”更能让我们精力充沛、充
满活力。
41．词句猜测题。根据第一段“for ‘positive secrets’ can leave us feeling ‘energized and invigorated’. (因为
“积极的秘密”会让我们感到“充满活力”。)”可知，我们会变得更好当我们把一个好消息当成秘密时。
故选A项。
42．主旨大意题。根据第三段“We define feelings of energy as feeling alive, alert, active and invigorated.
Delaying the moment when you share your good news with others allows you to spend more time savouring
the information, reflecting on its meaning or considering possible joyful reactions to sharing the secret.(我
们将能量的感觉定义为活跃、警觉、活跃和充满活力的感觉。推迟你与他人分享你的好消息的时刻，可
以让你花更多的时间去品味这些信息，反思它的意义，或考虑对分享这个秘密可能产生的快乐反应。)”可
知，本段主要讲的是推迟分享好消息所带来的好处，故选D项。
43．推理判断题。根据第四段“They were also asked to imagine they had a piece of good news and to
picture two scenarios, one in which they choose not to tell their partner until the end of the day, and one in
which they try to call their partner but cannot get through, so have to wait until later. The first scenario,
involving a deliberate choice to keep the secret for a few hours, led to positive feelings, while the second did
not.(他们还被要求想象他们有一个好消息和图片两个场景，一个他们选择不告诉他们的伙伴直到一天结
束，和一个他们试图叫他们的伙伴但无法通过，所以不得不等到以后。第一种情况，包括故意选择保守秘密几个小时，导致了积极的感觉，而第二种情况则没有。)”可知，研究者是通过对比两种情况下人的心
理感受得出了研究结论，故选A项。
44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, the researchers admitted that some “positive” secrets would
not make you happy. This could be those kept secret to avoid embarrassment, such as when a piece of good
news may make others feel worse about their own situation.(然而，研究人员承认，一些“积极”的秘密不
会让你高兴。这可能是那些为了避免尴尬而保密的事情，比如当一条好消息可能会让别人对自己的处境
感觉更糟时。)”可知，当和正在经历失败的人讨论自己的成功会让让别人感觉更加糟糕，因此会让自己尴
尬，故选B项。
【模拟四：代词类猜测词义题】
【模拟12】（2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测）Colorado’s Grays Peak rises 14,278 feet above sea level, high
enough that trees can’t grow towards the top, though there are plenty of bushes, rocks, etc. It was in this
unforgiving place that Bev Wedelstedt was unlucky enough to have a bitter experience.
It was August 2018, and Wedelsted,56, was on her way back down the trail (小路) with three friends. A
storm was upon, and they were anxious to get off the mountain. When they approached a rocky drop of a couple
of feet, Wedelstedt decided that instead of shaking down on her hip — the safe way to go — she would leap. Then
she landed on her left leg and heard a snap (劈啪声).
Every step after that was painful. Before long, she had to stop. As one friend ran down to get help, a
number of other hikers, all strangers, attempted to help her down the narrow trail by walking on either side of her
to support her weight, but that proved slow and dangerous.
Finally, one hiker, Matt, asked her, “How do you feel about a fireman’s carry?” Before she knew it, he
lifted her over his shoulder. Matt clearly couldn’t carry her all the way down by himself. So six hikers and one of
her friends followed. Three hours and two mountainous miles later, this human conveyor belt finally met the
ambulance men, who took Wedelstedt to the hospital.
Now Wedelstedt has mostly recovered from her ill-fated hike, but she knows she’ll never shake one thing
from that day: the memory of the band of strangers who came to her rescue. “I told them I wanted to meet a lot of
guys, but this isn’t the way I wanted to do it. I’m still in awe now,” she said.
45．What is the writing purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To call on readers to have a trip there.
B．To introduce the scenery of Grays Peak.
C．To show the difficult situation for hikers.
D．To describe Wedelstedt’s favorite travel.46．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Walking down the rocky mountain.
B．Supporting Wedelstedt to walk.
C．Leaping from the mountain top.
D．Keeping Wedelstedt on the trail.
47．How did strangers help Wedelstedt?
A．By giving her encouragement. B．By supporting her on both sides.
C．By following her all the way. D．By carrying her by turns.
48．What does Wedelstedt want to convey in the last paragraph?
A．She is still scared nowadays. B．She will forget the sad event.
C．She has a fresh good memory. D．She is respectful to the strangers.
【答案】45．C 46．B 47．D 48．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Wedelstedt在下山时不幸伤到了她的左腿，得到一群陌生人的
帮助，她的朋友以及其他的登山客组成一条“人肉”传送带，用接力的方式将她背下山的故事，这使得
Wedelstedt终生难忘他们的帮助。
45．推理判断题。由第一段“Colorado’s Grays Peak rises 14,278 feet above sea level, high enough that
trees can’t grow towards the top, though there are plenty of bushes, rocks, etc. It was in this unforgiving
place that Bev Wedelstedt was unlucky enough to have a bitter experience. (科罗拉多州的格雷斯峰海拔
14278英尺，高到树木无法向顶部生长，尽管那里有很多灌木、岩石等。正是在这个无情的地方，Bev
Wedelstedt不幸经历了一次痛苦的经历)”和第二段中“Then she landed on her left leg and heard a snap
(劈啪声). (然后她左腿着地，听到啪的一声)”Wedelstedt受伤可知，谈及第一段是为了展示科罗拉多州的
格雷斯峰对徒步旅行者来说存在的艰难处境。故选C项。
46．词句猜测题。由第三段中“As one friend ran down to get help, a number of other hikers, all
strangers, attempted to help her down the narrow trail by walking on either side of her to support her
weight, but that proved slow and dangerous. (当一个朋友跑下来寻求帮助时，其他一些徒步旅行者，都是
陌生人，试图帮助她沿着狭窄的小路走下去，在她两侧行走以支撑她的体重，但事实证明，that既缓慢
又危险)”可知，that指代上文已提到的内容，上文讲到其他人试图搀扶着她下山，可得出that指代“支撑
Wedelstedt行走”。故选B项。
47．细节理解题。由第四段中“Before she knew it, he lifted her over his shoulder. Matt clearly couldn’t
carry her all the way down by himself. So six hikers and one of her friends followed. Three hours and two
mountainous miles later, this human conveyor belt finally met the ambulance men, who took Wedelstedt to
the hospital. (在她意识到这一点之前，马特已把她抱在自己肩上。马特显然不能一个人把她抱下去。于是，六名徒步旅行者和她的一个朋友紧随其后。三个小时零两英里后，这条人类传送带终于遇到了救护人员
救护人员将Wedelstedt送往医院)”可知，陌生人通过轮流抱着Wedelstedt下山来帮助她。故选D项。
48．推理判断题。由最后一段中“but she knows she’ll never shake one thing from that day: the memory
of the band of strangers who came to her rescue. “I told them I wanted to meet a lot of guys, but this isn’t
the way I wanted to do it. I’m still in awe now,” she said. (但她知道，从那一天起，她永远不会动摇一件事：
对前来营救她的一群陌生人的记忆。她说：“我告诉他们我想见见很多人，但这不是我想要的方式。我
仍然很钦佩。”)”可知，Wedelstedt终生难忘陌生人的帮助，对他们表示尊敬。故选D项。
【模拟13】（2024·新疆乌鲁木齐·三模）Matt counted his new year gifts one more time as he tucked a
robot-shaped eraser into each envelope. He prepared gifts for everyone for the next day's party.
When Matt got to school the next day, he saw a new girl in his classroom. She stood near Ms. Robins and
looked around shyly. "This is Dorothy," said Ms. Robins. "Will someone volunteer to show her around today?"
Matt raised his hand. He liked helping new kids feel welcome. "Thanks, Matt," Ms. Robins said. "Now let's get
busy with our work so we're done in time for the party." That's when Matt realized he didn't have a gift for
Dorothy. No one else would have one either. He felt a sad lump in his stomach.
As he showed Dorothy around, he was careful not to mention the party. At lunchtime, he walked Dorothy to
the lunchroom, still worried about what would happen at the party. Dorothy had brought a packed lunch, so Matt
showed her where she should sit and went back to his usual seat. While eating, Matt suddenly remembered that
kids often included candy hearts with the new year gifts they exchanged. An idea popped into his head. He
whispered it to the kids around him. Soon everyone at the table was nodding and whispering.
When they were back in the classroom after lunch, Matt told Ms. Robins about their plan. Ms. Robins
agreed with a nodding smile. It was math time, so Matt invited Dorothy to study with him. He made sure Dorothy
sat with her back to the room so she wouldn't notice her new classmates passing around an exquisite paper bag
Ms. Robins prepared to collect their candy hearts.
Before long, it was party time. They played games and then had cookies and juice. Finally, they passed out
their gifts. The room buzzed with happy chatter. Matt saw the sad look on Dorothy's face as she glanced at other
kids' desks overflowing with envelopes.
"Here's your gift, Dorothy," Matt said, placing the paper bag in front of her. "It's from everyone."
Dorothy stared at the beautiful bag full of "hearts".
"We wanted you to have a special New Year's Day too," said Matt.
"Thank you," Dorothy said, smiling at her new classmates. "It really is a special day!"
49．Why did Matt feel a sad lump in his stomach?
A．He was guilty for forgetting about Dorothy.B．He was worried that Dorothy would be angry.
C．He was afraid Dorothy wouldn't like the party.
D．He was concerned that Dorothy would feel left out.
50．What does the underlined word "it" refer to in paragraph 3?
A．Keeping the party a secret. B．Gathering candy hearts as a gift.
C．Inviting Dorothy to study together. D．Including candy hearts in every gift.
51．Which of the following words best describes Matt?
A．Innovative. B．Considerate. C．Modest. D．Generous.
52．What's the best title for the text?
A．A Hearty Welcome B．A New Year Tradition
C．The First Day of School D．The Reward of Kindness
【答案】49．D 50．B 51．B 52．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Matt在新年派对上为新来的同学Dorothy准备了一份大家
的礼物，使她感到了温暖和欢迎。
49．细节理解题。根据第二段“That's when Matt realized he didn't have a gift for Dorothy. No one else
would have one either. He felt a sad lump in his stomach.(这时Matt意识到他没有礼物送给Dorothy。其他
人也不会有。他感到胃里有一团悲哀的东西)”可知，Matt感到很难过，因为他担心Dorothy会感到被冷
落。故选D。
50．词句猜测题。根据第三段“While eating, Matt suddenly remembered that kids often included candy
hearts with the new year gifts they exchanged. An idea popped into his head. He whispered it to the kids
around him.(吃饭的时候，Matt突然想起孩子们经常在交换新年礼物时附上心形糖果。他突然想到一个
主意。他把这个主意悄悄告诉了周围的孩子们)”可知，it指代上文提到的“收集心形糖果作为礼物”。故
选B。
51．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While eating, Matt suddenly remembered that kids often included
candy hearts with the new year gifts they exchanged. An idea popped into his head. He whispered it to the
kids around him. Soon everyone at the table was nodding and whispering.(吃饭的时候，Matt突然想起孩
子们经常在交换新年礼物时附上心形糖果。他突然想到一个主意。他悄悄地对周围的孩子们说。很快，
桌子上的每个人都在点头窃窃私语)”可知，Matt为了不让Dorothy感到被忽视，他想出了一个主意，让
所有的孩子都为Dorothy准备了一份礼物。由此推知，他非常体贴。故选B。
52．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，Matt为了让新来的同学Dorothy感到被欢迎，他和其他同学一起为她
准备了一份新年礼物，这个故事主要是关于如何热情地欢迎新来的同学。由此可知，“A Hearty
Welcome(热情的欢迎)”合适作本文最佳标题。故选A。【模拟14】（2024·广东·二模）“You like pottery (陶艺) more than you like science,” a family member
said. I knew the comment was made lightly, but I felt frustrated and disappointed. I had worked so hard to achieve
a balance between my scientific and artistic pursuits. Why was my creative side still seen as a weakness and a
disturbance, in opposition to my science?
As a little girl, I created art by breaking up eggshells, dying them, and gluing them to a cloth. I also
conducted science experiments with my mom, a high school science teacher, on the back porch. In college, I loved
my chemistry courses and research work, and I regarded cooking as my creative outlet, hosting weekly dinner
parties for friends.
Yet I heard time and again that creative expression and science were not possible together. When my
college roommate concluded with a personality test that I was the “creative” type, the rest of my friends said that
couldn’t be right, because “I was a scientist and therefore was not creative.” As I was preparing for graduate
school and studying for the chemistry GRE test, I realized I talked about science the same way I would paint a
picture, explaining concepts in broad strokes (粗线条地) — in part because I struggled to remember technical
scientific terminology. I worried my way of thinking wouldn’t fit in with “proper” scientists. In the end, though,
my desire to pursue a scientific career won out. I figured I would continue to find a way to balance my research
with my creative pursuits, regardless of what others thought.
When in graduate school I found pottery, which I could pursue on evenings and weekends. After my first
class, I was attracted. It has inspired me to more intentionally mix my art with my science. I keep a notebook at
my lab table filled with words of mug (马克杯) designs inspired by my experiments. Through the challenge of
getting my paper into its core concepts in such a way that it could be displayed on a mug, I gained a better
understanding of my project. Pottery has now turned into a way for me to train my brain to be creative and think
outside the box.
53．What did the family member think of the author’s pottery?
A．It still had room for improvement.
B．It would relax the author in her work.
C．It made up for the author’s weakness.
D．It did no good to the author’s career.
54．How did the author show her creativity as a college student?
A．By dying eggshells.
B．By performing science experiments.
C．By doing some cooking.
D．By attending social parties.55．What can be inferred about the author from paragraph 3?
A．She didn’t get along well with her classmates in college.
B．She nearly gave up her pursuit of art.
C．She once doubted her way of understanding science.
D．She was angry about being misunderstood by friends.
56．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．The notebook. B．The design of the mug.
C．The challenge of the paper. D．The author’s science research.
【答案】53．D 54．C 55．C 56．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是如何在科学研究和艺术创作之间找到平衡的。
53．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““You like pottery (陶艺) more than you like science,” a family
member said. I knew the comment was made lightly, but I felt frustrated and disappointed. I had worked so
hard to achieve a balance between my scientific and artistic pursuits. Why was my creative side still seen as
a weakness and a disturbance, in opposition to my science?(“比起科学，你更喜欢陶器，”一位家庭成员
说。我知道这个评论是轻描淡写的，但我感到沮丧和失望。我一直努力在科学和艺术追求之间取得平衡
为什么我的创造性的一面仍然被视为一个弱点和干扰，与我的科学相悖？)”可推知，那位家人认为陶艺对
作者的事业没有帮助。故选D。
54．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In college, I loved my chemistry courses and research work, and I
regarded cooking as my creative outlet, hosting weekly dinner parties for friends.(在大学里，我喜欢我的化
学课程和研究工作，我把烹饪作为我的创意出口，每周为朋友举办晚宴。)”可知，作者把烹饪作为体现自
己创意的方式，每周为朋友们举办晚宴。故选C。
55．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As I was preparing for graduate school and studying for the
chemistry GRE test, I realized I talked about science the same way I would paint a picture, explaining
concepts in broad strokes (粗线条地)—in part because I struggled to remember technical scientific
terminology. I worried my way of thinking wouldn’t fit in with “proper” scientists.(当我为研究生院做准备，
为GRE化学考试做准备时，我意识到我谈论科学的方式就像我画画一样，用粗线条解释概念——部分原
因是我很难记住技术科学术语。我担心自己的思维方式与“正统的”科学家格格不入。)”可推知，她曾经
怀疑自己理解科学的方式。故选C。
56．词句猜测题。根据上文“When in graduate school I found pottery, which I could pursue on evenings
and weekends. After my first class, I was attracted. It has inspired me to more intentionally mix my art with
my science. I keep a notebook at my lab table filled with words of mug (马克杯) designs inspired by my
experiments.(读研究生的时候，我发现了陶器，我可以在晚上和周末从事这个工作。第一节课后，我就被吸引了。它激励我更有意识地将艺术与科学相结合。我在实验桌上放了一个笔记本，上面写满了我从实
验中得到灵感的马克杯设计。)”可知，作者在学习陶艺的时候受到启发，于是有意识地将它与科学研究结
合在一起，并在马克杯上展示出来，这使她对自己的研究课题有了更好的了解。由此可知，it指代“作者
的科学研究”。故选D。
【模拟 16】（2024·黑龙江·三模）Soot (烟灰) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in
Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from an increasing
number of humans who want to visit the place.
“It really makes us question, ‘Is our presence really needed?’” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the
new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.”
Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily
from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮), vehicles and airplanes, although some pollution travels on the wind from
other parts of the globe. The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black
T-shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting, which has already been happening more
quickly because of global warming.
When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat.
“These are the mirrors on our planet,” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast.
“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they don’t send back that much light and heat. That means
more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.”
As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research
results. On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there
are disappearing. “But then when we come to conclusions like this, it really does make us think twice about how
frequently we need to visit the continent,” she says, “and what kinds of regulations should be placed on tourism as
well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of
visitors each year.
57．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in Paragraph 2?
A．That thick snow and ice cover Antarctica all year round.
B．More and more people’s hoping to explore Antarctica.
C．Stopping soot from approaching Antarctica.
D．Tapping natural resources in Antarctica.
58．Why is a black T-shirt spoken of in Paragraph 3?
A．To make a guess. B．To make a comment.
C．To make a comparison. D．To make a conclusion.59．What does Sonia Nagorski express in Paragraph 4?
A．Heat can be made full use of in Antarctica.
B．Uncovered snow and ice can trap more heat.
C．Speeding up melting can slow down global warming.
D．Snow and ice covered with dark particles reflect less sunlight.
60．What can we infer from what Khan says in the last paragraph?
A．She helps make regulations about travel in Antarctica.
B．She often leads tourists to visit Antarctica.
C．Trips to Antarctica should be controlled.
D．Tourism can help to develop Antarctica.
【答案】57．B 58．C 59．D 60．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对南极洲的频繁考察，导致煤烟污染加速了南极洲气
温的上升，加速了冰雪融化，人们对此情况反思，该如何降低对南极洲的考察频率从而减少对南极洲生
态环境的破坏。
57．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Soot (烟灰) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in
Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from an
increasing number of humans who want to visit the place.(一项新的研究表明，煤烟污染正在加速气候导致
的南极洲融化，这引发了一个问题，即如何保护这片脆弱的大陆，不受越来越多想去南极洲旅游的人类
的影响。)”可知，it指代上文中提到的“an increasing number of humans who want to visit”，即“越来越
多的人希望探索南极洲。”这个问题。故选B。
58．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the
sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day.(这些黑色颗粒包裹在白色的雪上，吸收太阳的热量，就像
温暖的日子里一件黑色T恤一样。)”可推知，第三段提到黑色T恤是为了做一个对比。故选C。
59．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they don’t send
back that much light and heat.(当这些镜子被一层黑色的薄膜覆盖时，它们就不会反射那么多的光和
热。)”可知，Sonia Nagorski在第四段表达了覆盖着深色颗粒的冰雪反射的阳光较少。故选D。
60．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““and what kinds of regulations should be placed on tourism as
well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the
number of visitors each year.(“以及应该对旅游业制定什么样的规定。”例如，这可能意味着要求游轮和
车辆是电动的，或者限制每年的游客数量。)”可知，从Khan在最后一段所说的话中，我们可以推断出去
南极洲的旅行应该受到控制。故选C。
