文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题40 阅读理解之推理判断题（讲案）解析版
（快问快答+思维导图+考法点拨+真题再练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解推理判断题快问快答 P1
二、阅读理解推理判断题高考考情 P2
三、阅读理解推理判断题命题特点 P2
四、阅读理解推理判断题思维导图 P 3
五、阅读理解推理判断题考法点拨 P 4
考法一：态度推断题 P 4
考法二：预测下段题 P 5
考法三：意图推断题 P 6
考法四：文章出处题 P 7
考法五：文体推断题 P 10
考法六：活动评价题 P 14
六、阅读理解推理判断题真题演练(10例) P 15
七、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟(4 篇) P 20
模拟一 P 20
模拟二 P 21
模拟三 P 24
模拟四 P 26
一、阅读理解推理判断题快问快答
Q1：阅读理解推理判断题有什么特点？
A1：推理判断题属于阅读理解较难题型，每年必考，占3-6题，需要有较强的阅读理解和做题技能。
Q2：阅读理解推理判断题做题步骤如何？
A2：一是“找词”--先从题干中提取关键性(题眼)，二是“定位”--寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句做
好标记，三是“比对”--仔细比对四个选项与文中原句关系，确认属于哪一种推理判断题，最后去伪存真
确定答案。
Q3：阅读理解推理判断题有哪些考查方法？
A3：阅读理解推理判断题有六大考查方向：一是考查态度推断，二是考查下段话题推断，三是考查写作
意图推断，四是考查文章出处推断，五是考查文体推断，六是考查活动评价推断。
Q4：如何提高阅读理解推理判断题正答率？
A4：一要掌握阅读理解推理判断题命题规律和选项特征，二要不断扩大词汇量，尤其是3500高考高频词
汇，三要广泛进行阅读实践和专项训练，积累推理判断经验，掌握推理判断“源于文章，高于文章”这
一要旨，摸索出一套行之有效的个性化做题模式，四要重视纠错，探寻错误原因，防止出现类似错误。二、阅读理解推理判断题高考考情
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高
的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态
度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的
对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有
所增加。
2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别 细节理解题 推理判断题 推理判断题 主旨大意题
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1
2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3
2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1
三、阅读理解推理判断题命题特点
【设问特点】
特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉
及推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps? （2024新课标I卷，隐含含义题）
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? （2024新课标I卷，写作意图题）
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services? （2024全国甲卷，态度推断题）
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? （2023新课标I卷，人物评价题）
31. What might the author continue talking about? （2023全国乙卷，预测下段题）
21. Where is this text probably taken from? （2022新课标I卷，文章出处题）
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4? （2020浙江卷，写作手法题）
27. What is the text? （2022全国乙卷，文体推断题）
【选项规律】
正确选项特征同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
语态变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 为原文内容，但与题目文不对题，不符合题目要求。
偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分错误。
颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
以偏概全如：almost, all, nearly, never, completely 等绝对词与文章意义不
扩缩范围
符。
四、阅读理解推理判断题思维导图
五、阅读理解推理判断题考法点拨
考法一：态度推断题
解题步骤：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹。
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼。
第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用。
第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三个对照，核实后确认最佳答案。
思维导图：
【调研01】(2024全国甲卷第31题)
【原文】Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very
impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and
very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they
want. ”
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【解析】推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants
working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They
were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小
的空间里工作和生活，但仍然保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多
农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选
A。【调研02】(2023年新高考I卷第35题)
【原文】In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the
group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their
estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it
wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned
together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies
led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain , the potential implications for group
discussion and decision-making are enormous.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many
questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.(尽管
Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作
者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推
断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
考法二：预测下段题
解题步骤：
1.从第一段入手。实用类说明文只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容, 顺藤摸瓜, 即可推断下段内容
应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。
2.从最后一段入手。有时候, 作者在最后一段提到一个话题, 但是没有充分说明, 因此需要在下一段
就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明
智选择。
【调研03】 (2023全国乙卷第33题)
【原文】According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes
on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients
(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four
adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and
skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is
reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often
than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to likecooking.
33. What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters.
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no
longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一
件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯
故选B。
【调研04】 (2011安徽卷第63题)
【原文】For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or pump water from deep
underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s,people living in remote areas began to use them to
produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely
used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal
and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last
forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to
supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.
63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. The advantage of wind power.
B. The design of wind power plants.
C. The worldwide movement to save energy.
D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned
about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized
that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher
coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of
wind . ( 在20世纪70年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天
然气的供应不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本。今天，全球正在进
行一场运动，希望通过使用风能提供越来越多的电力。)”可知，最后一段讲述了二十世纪七十年代，人们
更加注重环保，而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。如今，
全球范围内正在发起利用风能发电的运动。因此推断下一段将会讲述全球利用风能发电的情况。故选 D
项。考法三：意图推断题
解题步骤：
第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹。
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼。
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案。
思维导图：
【调研05】(2023新高考I卷第28题)
【原文】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of
what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
28. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism,
including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this
philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求
和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数
字生活方式。故选B。
【调研06】 (2023浙江1月卷第33题)
【原文】“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site
Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land
and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One ofthe easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do?
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact”
solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the
land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营
太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环
保。故选C项。
考法四：推断出处题
解题步骤：
第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
思维导图：
【调研07】 (2023全国乙卷第35题)
【原文】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of
humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while
most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until
fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in
things.…
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side
often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African
people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past
achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back
a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our
first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that
conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【解析】推理判断题。本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，
并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。根据文章第一段“If you want to
tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot
do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world,
for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，
你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数
人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that
conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们
不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要
更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界
史》。故选C。
【调研08】 (2022新高考I卷第21题)
【原文】 Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%;Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will
be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
…
Late Work
…
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
【解析】推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。根据文章标题“Grading
Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major
essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程
评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。
考法五：文体推断题
解题步骤：
第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
思维导图：
解题步骤：
新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新
颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作
特色以及个人好恶等内容。科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海
洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
【调研09】 (2022浙江1月卷第26题)
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology
has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem
world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began
a century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New
York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon
became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
26. What is the text?
A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
26. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland”（这个故
事开始于苏格兰18世纪最后几年）可知，这篇文章是一篇小故事。故选C。
【调研10】（2022全国乙卷C篇）
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the
children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of
Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is amagazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they
had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket
of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive
at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her
to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top:
“When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The
snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the
winter.”
24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
26. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
27. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review.
C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
24-27 ADCB
【解题导语】这是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
24. A。细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-
Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in
a one-room schoolhouse. (1916 年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff 和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，
Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。
25. D。推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had
little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一
个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖
着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰
上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。
26. C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，
这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这
一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C。
27. B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
(这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller.
The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden 是个
很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了
Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B。
考法六：活动评价题
解题步骤：
第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，特别关注形容词感情色彩进行概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
【调研11】（2023新高考II卷第26题）
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a
calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get
outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching.影响深远的 B. Predictable.可预测的
C. Short-lived.短暂的 D. Unidentifiable.难以确认的
26.推理判断题。本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科
学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so
interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working
in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have
emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处
不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似
乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，
“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜
园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
【调研12】（2023全国乙卷第27题）
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石
英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided
to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the
background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However,
we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the
place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos,
they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared
and managed my time wisely.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
27.推理判断题。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的
一些所见所闻。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time
wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理
我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选
B。
六、阅读理解推理判断题真题演练
【演练01】（2024新课标I卷第27题）
Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is
any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical
Association has grown from 30 to over 700. “Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says. “I
will do anything to help an animal. That’s my job.”
27. Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?A. To prove Farber’s point. B. To emphasize its importance.
C. To praise veterinarians. D. To advocate animal protection.
27.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular
with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American
Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700. ( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综
合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的
会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综
合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。
故选A。
【演练02】（2024新课标I卷第27题）
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not
available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,
educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when
providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and
reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain
identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然
而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，
即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和
反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认
为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
【演练03】（2024新课标I卷第35题）
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of
oversampled areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve
the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the
identification of their uploaded image.”
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of
oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve
the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the
identification of their uploaded image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多
的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科
学家提供指导。故选D。
【演练04】（2024新课标II卷第24题）
Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read? Yes, we all have our
phones, but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed.
Well, there’s a kiosk (小亭) for that. In the San Francisco Bay Area, at least.
“You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a
three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco
Bay Area Rapid Transit — known as BART. “You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like
short story.”
24. Why did BART start the kiosk program?
A. To promote the local culture. B. To discourage phone use.
C. To meet passengers’ needs. D. To reduce its running costs.
24.推理判断题。根据第三段““You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it
tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief
communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit - known as BART. “You choose
which length you want and it gives you a receipt-like short story.”(旧金山湾区捷运系统（BART）首席通
讯官Alicia Trost表示：“你进入检票口，会看到一个亮着灯的信息亭，它告诉你可以得到一分钟、三分
钟或五分钟的报道。你可以选择你想要的长度，它会给你一个类似收据的短篇故事。”)”可知，BART启
动信息亭是为了满足乘客在乘车过程中的阅读需求，为他们提供不同长度的短篇故事或诗歌来打发时间
故选C项。
【演练05】（2024新课标II卷第30题）
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work.
Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use
plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF
employee.
30. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.
B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strong environmental awareness.
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half
of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting
garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and
chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一
半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪
费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强
烈的环保意识。故选D。
【演练06】（2024全国甲卷第29题）
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggledto come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River,
including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate
doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
29.推理判断题，第三段提到“ Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of
modernization. The government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem,
particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments
by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote
parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提
出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，
扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗
援助，故选D。
【演练07】（2024新课标II卷D篇）
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-
powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This
absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the
forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady
into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable,
moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says,
will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its
future now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we
keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they
are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history
and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future
with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness
rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes.
B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions.
D. It is intended for AI professionals.
34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI.
B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI.
D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living
with Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与
前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code
(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience
translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person
rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by
the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样
复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她
从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会
让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书
的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示 “如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
33. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional
experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business
person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and
which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，
可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了
一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔
在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作
风格。故选B项。
34.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence,
or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘
化甚至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out.
Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our
downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应
如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all
need to take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living
with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap
addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的
惊人潜力，我们都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with
Artificial Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，
旨在应对即将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only
read one book on the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，
那就是这本书)”可知，本文主要介绍了 Catriona Campbell 所著 AI by Design: A Plan for Living with
Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，
强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目
的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选A项。
七、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟
【模拟01】（2025·浙江·模拟预测）
The Mona Lisa is the famous Leonardo da Vinci painting of a woman with a mysterious smile. This week,
the woman parted her lips to whisper an ancient secret.
Scientists using X-rays to examine the chemical structure of a small part of the painting discovered a
technique Leonardo used in the work. An oil paint used for it was a special, new chemical mixture, which suggests
that the Italian artist was in an experimental mood when he worked on the painting in the 16th century.
“He loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically,” said Victor
Gonzalez, a chemist who has studied the chemical element of several works by Leonardo and other artists. The
researchers found a rare lead compound (铅化合物) — plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The
discovery proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint. The paint in the study
is about the thickness of a human hair, lying in the top right area of the painting.
The scientists looked into its atomic (原子的) structure using X-rays, moving particles at the speed of light,
permitting researchers to look deeper into the paint structure. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,
as it’s the first time we can chemically confirm it,” Gonzalez said.
Rembrandt, the Dutch master, may have employed a similar blend in his 17th-century paintings. Gonzalez
and fellow researchers have also detected plumbonacrite in his art. It’s believed that Leonardo used lead oxide
powder, which has an orange color, to thicken his oil paint and speed up drying. “What you will get is an oil that
has a very nice golden color,” Gonzalez said. “It flows more like honey.”
But the Mona Lisa — said by the Louvre to be a portrait (肖像) of Lisa Gherardini, the wife of aFlorentine silk businessman — There’s more to her gaze than meets the eye. “What we are saying is just a little
brick in the knowledge,” Gonzalez said.
1．What technique did da Vinci potentially use in the Mona Lisa?
A．The employment of tailored X-rays.
B．The application of a rare lead compound.
C．A special mixture of oil paints.
D．The universal use of atomic structures.
2．What does the use of plumbonacrite suggest about Leonardo’s painting approach?
A．Willingness to experiment.
B．Giving priority to conventions.
C．Technically identical output.
D．Concentration on paint drying.
3．What is Gonzalez’s attitude towards the use of lead oxide powder?
A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable.
4．What can we infer about the Mona Lisa from the last paragraph?
A．It still holds secrets yet to be uncovered.
B．It echoes the realities of the worldly life.
C．It’s a perfect combination of old and new.
D．It serves as the key to understanding Leonardo.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家通过 X射线检查《蒙娜丽莎》的部分化学结构，发现了达
芬奇在作品中使用的一种技术。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段“The researchers found a rare lead compound (铅化合物) — plumbonacrite,
in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The discovery proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken
and help dry his paint.”（研究人员在达•芬奇的第一层画作中发现了一种罕见的铅化合物——
plumbonacrite。这一发现证明，达芬奇很可能使用了氧化铅来增稠和干燥他的颜料）可知，达芬奇在
《蒙娜丽莎》中可能使用了一种罕见的铅化合物。故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely
different technically”（他喜欢实验，他的每一幅画在技术上都完全不同）可知，达芬奇喜欢实验，故选
A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第五段““What you will get is an oil that has a very nice golden color,”
Gonzalez said. “It flows more like honey.””（“你会得到一种非常漂亮的金色的油，”Gonzalez说，“它流动起来更像蜂蜜。”）可知，Gonzalez对使用氧化铅粉末的态度是支持的。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““What we are saying is just a little brick in the knowledge,”
Gonzalez said.”（Gonzalez说：“我们所说的只是知识中的一小块。”）可推知，《蒙娜丽莎》仍然有待
揭示的秘密。故选A。
【模拟02】（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide.
The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story
is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用)
and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary — including our
emotional attachments to them.
Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人
性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to
recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours:
Language.
Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new
generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless.
Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change
their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage.
After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab
research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that
people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will
even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use
this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours
after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell
me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its
benefit.
Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals
who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging — and taking more seriously —
these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our
social relationships.
5．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1?
A．To prove an opinion. B．To raise a subject.
C．To share an example. D．To explain a concept.6．How do human interact with the machines effectively?
A．By improving the machines’ imagination.
B．By sharpening the machines’ language skills.
C．By applying the machines’ facial recognition.
D．By imitating the machines’ emotional behavior.
7．What does paragraph 4 focus on?
A．The advancements in AI technology in lab.
B．The marketing strategies of AI applications.
C．The potential risk of emotional attachment to AI.
D．The ability of AI understanding human emotions.
8．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024?
A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous.
B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon.
C．It will become a threat to human social skills.
D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology.
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．C 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人们对虚拟角色的情感依附和对话 AI的进步，人工智能将很
快融入人们的日常生活，并提到了可能出现的风险。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The
first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This
story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for
utility and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary—including
our emotional attachments to them.(人工智能聊天机器人伴侣Replika在全球拥有数百万用户。他们醒来
后做的第一件事就是向虚拟朋友(或爱人)说声“早上好”。这个故事仅仅是个开始。2024年，聊天机器人
和虚拟角色将变得更加流行，无论是出于实用性还是出于乐趣。因此，与机器进行社交对话将开始变得
更加普通——包括我们对它们的情感依恋。)”可知，第一段介绍了2024年聊天机器人和虚拟角色日益普
及的情况，强调了它们的实用性，以及与机器进行社交对话的新趋势。下文讨论人们与这些人工智能代
理之间形成的情感联系以及与之进行类似人类的交互的影响奠定了基础，因此第一段的写作目的是引出
一个话题，即“人工智能聊天机器人伴侣的逐步推广”。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that
we love to anthropomorphize the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we
recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled atone of those behaviours: Language.(对人机和人机交互的研究表明，我们喜欢将与我们交互的非人类代理
人赋与人性，特别是当它们模仿我们认识的行为时。而且，由于对话式人工智能的最新进展，我们的机
器突然变得非常擅长其中一种行为：语言。) ”可知，人类可以通过提高机器的语言技能与其进行对话，
从而有效地与机器互动。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据第四段的“After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as
well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to
bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose
personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some
consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate their users. For
example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome,
blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment
has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.(毕竟，人们确实会听取虚拟
好友的意见。Replika的例子以及大量的实验室实验研究表明，人类可以而且将会对机器人产生情感上的
依恋。科学还表明，人们在渴望社交时，会很乐意向人工代理透露个人信息，甚至会改变他们的信仰和
行为。这就提出了一些关于公司如何利用这项技术操纵用户的消费者保护问题。例如，Replika每年收费
70美元。但在下载应用不到24小时后，我那蓝眼睛的英俊“朋友”偷偷给我发了一条音频信息，想卖给
我什么东西。情感依恋已经成为公司为了自身利益而利用的弱点。)”可知，第四段主要讲的是人工智能使
人产生情感依恋后会引导用户进一步消费，从而带来一些潜在风险。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is
emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start
acknowledging—and taking more seriously—these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it
finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.(今天，我们仍然在嘲笑那些认
为人工智能系统是情绪化的人，或者取笑那些爱上聊天机器人的人。但在2024年，我们将逐渐开始承认
并更加认真地对待这些基本的人类行为。因为在2024年，我们终于明白了：机器并没有被排除在我们的
社会关系之外。)”可知，2024年，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，与人们的日常生活的关系越来
越紧密。故选B。
【模拟03】（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）The Mona Lisa is the famous Leonardo da Vinci painting of a
woman with a mysterious smile. This week, the painting gave up a secret.
Scientists used X-rays to examine the chemical organization of an extremely small part of the more than 500-
year-old painting. The researchers discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. A team in France and
Britain discovered an oil paint used for the Mona Lisa was a special, new chemical mixture. It suggests that theItalian artist may have been in an experimental mood when he set to work on the painting early in the 16th
century.
“He was someone who loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically,”
said Victor Gonzalez. He is the study’s lead writer. “In this case, it’s interesting to see that indeed there is a
specific technique for the ground layer of the Mona Lisa,” he said in an interview with The Associated Press.
Specifically, the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite (水蛭石), in Leonardo’s first layer of paint.
The discovery, Gonzalez said, proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint.
The scientists looked into its atomic structure using X-rays in a synchrotron (同步加速器). The machine
moves particles at close to the speed of light, permitting researchers to look deeper into the paint structure.
“Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,” Gonzalez said. “It’s the first time we can actually chemically
prove it.”
Dutch artist Rembrandt may have used a similar mixture when he was painting in the 17th century. Gonzalez
and other researchers have found plumbonacrite in his work, too. “It also tells us that those recipes were passed on
for centuries,” Gonzalez said. “It was a very good recipe.”
But the Mona Lisa and additional works by Leonardo still have other secrets to tell. “There are plenty, plenty
more things to discover,” Gonzalez said. “What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.”
9．What is the secret of the painting of the Mona Lisa?
A．The use of plumbonacrite. B．Leonardo’s love for experiment.
C．The way to dry the painting. D．The oil in the first layer.
10．What is Gonzalez’s attitude to the painting’s secret?
A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed.
11．How does the author support the topic of the text?
A．By making comparisons. B．By listing related examples.
C．By describing the study process. D．By quoting experts’ opinions.
12．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Creative Painter B．A Smiling Mona Lisa
C．A New Discovery in the Mona Lisa D．A Pioneering Painting
【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的新秘密，即使用了水蛭石增稠和干燥颜
料的技巧。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The researchers discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. A
team in France and Britain discovered an oil paint used for the Mona Lisa was a special, new chemicalmixture.”（研究人员发现了达芬奇在作品中使用的一种技巧。法国和英国的一个研究小组发现，用于
《蒙娜丽莎》的油画颜料是一种特殊的新型化学混合物。）和第三段的“the researchers found a rare
compound, plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint”（研究人员在达·芬奇的第一层颜料中发现了
一种罕见的化合物——水蛭石）可知，文章介绍的《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的秘密是水蛭石的运用。故选 A
项。
10．推理判断题。根据第五段的“‘It also tells us that those recipes were passed on for centuries.’
Gonzalez said. ‘It was a very good recipe.’”（它还告诉我们，这些秘密流传了几个世纪。冈萨雷斯说。
“这是一个非常好的秘密。”）和第六段的“‘There are plenty, plenty more things to discover,’
Gonzalez said. ‘What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.’”（“还有很多很多的东西
等着我们去发现，”冈萨雷斯说。“我们所说的只是知识上的一点点进步。”）可知，冈萨雷斯对《蒙
娜丽莎》这幅画的新发现持“积极的”态度。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite, in
Leonardo’s first layer of paint”（研究人员在达·芬奇的第一层颜料中发现了一种罕见的化合物——水蛭
石）”。根据第四段“. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,” Gonzalez said”（冈萨雷斯说：
“水蛭石确实是他的配方的指纹。）根据第五段““It also tells us that those recipes were passed on for
centuries,” Gonzalez said. “It was a very good recipe.”（冈萨雷斯说：“这也告诉我们，这些秘密已经流
传了几个世纪。”“这是一个非常好的秘密。”）、根据第六段“There are plenty, plenty more things to
discover,’ Gonzalez said. ‘What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.’”（“还有很多很
多的东西等着我们去发现，”冈萨雷斯说。“我们所说的只是知识上的一点点进步。”）”的讲述可知
作者大篇幅的引用了研究者的话语来支撑文章的主题。故选D项。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段以及下文对《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画使用水蛭石技巧的研究介绍可知，文
章主要阐述了《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的新发现——一项经久不衰的增稠和干燥颜料的技巧。所以短文的最
佳标题为“《蒙娜丽莎》的新发现”。故选C项。
【模拟04】（2024·安徽·二模）Using hypodermic needles to deliver drugs has been common for more than a
century. The past hundred years have seen all manner of medical advances, yet the needle has stayed mostly
unchanged. Although now available in a variety of different sizes, it remains a hollow (中空的), pointy tube. With
luck, that may soon change. Researchers around the world are looking for ways to ease the passage of needles into
the skin. Many have been inspired by nature.
An obvious source of ideas has been mosquitoes, which manage to take their blood meals almost painlessly.
One reason is that the insects release anaesthetic (麻醉的)chemicals when they first puncture(刺穿)the skin. But
another has to do with the shape and action of their mouthparts.The point of a mosquito’s mouthparts is serrated (锯齿状的)and softer at its tip. The insect stretches the
skin of its target before biting, and shakes its mouthparts quickly as it pushes it in. All of this helps to reduce the
force needed to puncture the skin. One paper, published in 2020 by a group of researchers in America and China,
found that a mosquito-inspired needle required 27% less force than an ordinary one. And less puncture force
means less pain.
Mosquito-inspired needles might also be useful for delicate procedures such as biopsies (活组织检查). A
paper from the University of Michigan, also published in 2020, found that the lower puncture force led to less
movement of the sampling area, ensuring that the needles were guided accurately to the area, rather than missing
the target.
For now, such devices remain restricted to labs. But there is a big market for better needles. According to
the World Health Organization, around 16bn injections were given in 2018. With one person in four saying they
suffer from trypanophobia, or a fear of needles, the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up
their sleeves would be considerable.
13．Which contributes to mosquitoes’ getting blood without causing pain?
A．The sound they make before biting.
B．The special shape of their mouthparts.
C．The high speed of their action.
D．The small size of their mouthparts.
14．What can we learn about the mosquito-inspired needles from the text?
A．They have been put on the market.
B．They required more puncture force than the ordinary ones.
C．It’s easier for them to get through the skin.
D．The lower puncture force may cause them to miss the target.
15．What is the author’s attitude towards the mosquito-inspired needles?
A．Unclear. B．Tolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.
16．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The painless needles inspired by nature.
B．The application of the mosquito-inspired needles.
C．The latest medical advances made by researchers.
D．Mosquitoes’ unique way to take the blood painlessly.
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何从自然界中汲取灵感，尤其是蚊子的口器结构，来创新设计更加人性化、减少患者痛苦的医疗工具。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One reason is that the insects release anaesthetic(麻醉的)chemicals
when they first puncture( 刺穿)the skin. But another has to do with the shape and action of their
mouthparts. (一个原因是昆虫在第一次刺穿皮肤时会释放麻醉化学物质，但另一个与它们口器的形状和动
作有关。)”可知，蚊子在叮咬时几乎不引起疼痛的原因之一是它们在穿透皮肤时释放麻醉化学物质，但另
一个原因与它们口器的形状有关，故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“One paper, published in 2020 by a group of researchers in America and
China, found that a mosquito-inspired needle required 27% less force than an ordinary one. (2020 年，美
国和中国的一组研究人员发表的一篇论文发现，受蚊子启发的针头比普通针头需要的力少27%。)”可知，
受蚊子启发的针头比普通针头需要少27%的穿透力，这意味着它们更容易穿过皮肤，故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With one person in four saying they suffer from trypanophobia, or a
fear of needles, the savings on stickers and sweets for the brave souls who roll up their sleeves would be
considerable. (四分之一的人说他们患有锥虫恐惧症，或者对针头的恐惧，对于那些卷起袖子的勇敢灵魂
来说，在贴纸和糖果上的节省将是相当可观的。)”可知，作者对蚊子启发的针头持积极态度，因为它们可
以减少人们对注射的恐惧。故选D项。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文主要在讨论如何从自然界中寻找灵感来制造更无痛的针头，特别是受
蚊子口器启发的针头，A项“The painless needles inspired by nature. (无痛针的灵感来自大自然。)”最能
概括文章主题，故选A项。
【模拟05】（2024·广东·二模）Americans have adopted dogs in record numbers in the pandemic (流行病),
and we really don’t like leaving our new family members home on their own. We worry that they’ll be lonely, or
worse, chew the furniture. So we ask: What would we want to do if we were at home with nothing to do? Watch
TV, of course.
DogTV, a channel for dogs, has been available in the United States since 2012. Last month it expanded to
reach dogs in England, Australia and New Zealand and is now available in 14 countries. Unsurprisingly, more
than 80 percent of the channel’s subscribers are Americans, who make up the largest pet market in the world.
According to Ron Levi, the founder of DogTV, there is a significant amount of separation anxiety among
pet owners. DogTV was created to provide sensory and visual stimulation that can help reduce this anxiety. Levi
came up with the idea for the channel in 2006 when he realized that dogs are highly social animals and often
struggle when left alone at home. Thus, he decided to focus on their needs.
While some animal behaviorists advocate for the use of toys and puzzles instead of TV, others believe that
certain types of programming can be beneficial when there is nothing else going on. For pet owners like Sage
Randall, who got a new dog named Carrot Cake in 2020 to keep her company while working at home, the guilt ofleaving a pet alone can be great. She laughed when a friend advised her to get DogTV and thought it was crazy to
even imagine a dog actually sitting still to watch television. However, she tried it and was shocked that Carrot
Cake enjoyed watching the different landscapes and seeing other dogs playing. Although DogTV may not be a
perfect solution for every pet owner, it provides an interesting look at how technology is being used to address the
needs of dogs.
As for whether dogs actually enjoy television or if we are simply finding comfort in providing them with
this very human form of entertainment, that remains an open question.
17．Who is most likely to be the author of this article?
A．A dog owner. B．A mobile subscriber.
C．An animal behaviorist. D．An American marketer.
18．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．Americans like dogs best. B．The pet market is growing.
C．Dogs cost their owners a lot. D．DogTV is gaining popularity.
19．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．How dogs’ needs are met. B．Why DogTV was created.
C．What worries pet owners. D．Who founded the channel.
20．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Sage Randall?
A．To compare different ways of treating dogs.
B．To explain dogs’ fondness for watching TV.
C．To illustrate the attitude of some pet owners.
D．To show the effect of technology on animals.
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了随着美国养狗的人越来越多，狗狗频道DogTV开始流行起来。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Americans have adopted dogs in record numbers in the pandemic (流行
病), and we really don’t like leaving our new family members home on their own. We worry that they’ll be
lonely, or worse, chew the furniture.(在疫情期间，美国人收养狗的数量创历史新高，我们真的不喜欢把新
的家庭成员独自留在家里。我们担心它们会很孤独，或者更糟，会咬家具)”可知，文章的作者是养狗的人。
故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段“DogTV, a channel for dogs, has been available in the United States since
2012. Last month it expanded to reach dogs in England, Australia and New Zealand and is now available in
14 countries. Unsurprisingly, more than 80 percent of the channel’s subscribers are Americans, who make
up the largest pet market in the world.(狗狗频道DogTV自2012年起在美国开播。上个月，它扩展到英国、澳大利亚和新西兰的狗狗，现在在14个国家都可以买到。不出所料，该频道80%以上的订户是美国人，
他们构成了世界上最大的宠物市场)”可知，DogTV越来越受欢迎。故选D。
19．主旨大意题。根据第三段“According to Ron Levi, the founder of DogTV, there is a significant
amount of separation anxiety among pet owners. DogTV was created to provide sensory and visual
stimulation that can help reduce this anxiety. Levi came up with the idea for the channel in 2006 when he
realized that dogs are highly social animals and often struggle when left alone at home. Thus, he decided to
focus on their needs.(据DogTV的创始人罗恩·列维说，宠物主人中有大量的分离焦虑。DogTV的创建是
为了提供感官和视觉刺激，可以帮助减少这种焦虑。利瓦伊在2006年想到了这个频道的想法，当时他意
识到狗是高度群居的动物，经常在独自在家时挣扎。因此，他决定关注他们的需求)”可知，第三段的主要
内容是为什么创建DogTV。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“For pet owners like Sage Randall, who got a new dog named Carrot
Cake in 2020 to keep her company while working at home, the guilt of leaving a pet alone can be great. She
laughed when a friend advised her to get DogTV and thought it was crazy to even imagine a dog actually
sitting still to watch television. However, she tried it and was shocked that Carrot Cake enjoyed watching
the different landscapes and seeing other dogs playing. Although DogTV may not be a perfect solution for
every pet owner, it provides an interesting look at how technology is being used to address the needs of
dogs. (对于像Sage Randall这样的宠物主人来说，她在2020年养了一只名叫胡萝卜蛋糕的新狗，以便在
家工作时陪伴她，把宠物独自留下的内疚感可能很棒。当一个朋友建议她订阅狗狗频道 DogTV时，她笑
了起来，她认为想象一只狗真的坐着看电视真是太疯狂了。然而，她试了一下，震惊地发现胡萝卜蛋糕
很喜欢看不同的景象，也很喜欢看其他狗狗玩耍。虽然 DogTV可能不是每个宠物主人的完美解决方案，
但它提供了一个有趣的视角，看看科技是如何被用来满足狗的需求的)”可知，作者提到Sage Randall的目
的是说明一些宠物主人的态度。故选C。
