文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题40 阅读理解之推理判断题（练案）解析版
（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情 P 1
二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图 P2
三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练（片段式）10例 P 3
四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（片段式）10例 P 6
五、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟（21 篇） P 8
【名校模拟一：态度推断题】 P 8
【名校模拟二：预测下段题】 P1 3
【名校模拟三：文体推断题】 P 18
【名校模拟四：文章出处题】 P 22
【名校模拟五：写作意图题】 P 26
【名校模拟六：活动评价题】 P 30
【名校模拟七：写作手法题】 P 35
一、阅读理解推理判断题高考考情
2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别 细节理解题 推理判断题 推理判断题 主旨大意题
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1
2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3
2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1
二 、阅读理解推理判断题思维导图三、阅读理解推理判断题真题演练（片段式）
【真题演练01】(2022新课标I卷第24题)
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice
green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner
invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
24. B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我
们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even
worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着
时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”
可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
【真题演练02】(2022新课标I卷第28题)
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’swellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
28. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes.
B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research.
D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
28. D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to
reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，
改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
【真题演练03】(2022新课标I卷第31题)
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
31. A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the
creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民
们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段
“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It
will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的
负责人林恩•刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居
民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
【真题演练04】(2022新课标II卷第28题)
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have
tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
28. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
28. A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by
drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down
their phones when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务
活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just
about any measure, appears to be getting worse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶
化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
【真题演练05】(2022新课标II卷第35题)
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great
start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which
aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
35. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A. Making use of the findings. B. Interviewing the study participants.
C. Conducting further research. D. Clarifying the purpose of the study.
35. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger
groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但
这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”
可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
【真题演练06】(2022全国甲卷第35题)
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told
me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
35. A 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段的第一句 ... being young and old at the same time has its attractions.
可知，作者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下文中 Anthony 的观点 ... a foundation built
on ancient cultures with a drive and dynamism of a young country. 和最后一段 He is right ... 可知，
Anthony 认为澳大利亚是一个建立在古老文化基础上并同时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。
【真题演练07】(2022全国乙卷第25题)
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket
of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive
at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
25. D。推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had
little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一
个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖
着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰
上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D。
【真题演练08】(2022全国乙卷第35题)Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next
generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
35. B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show
the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier
eating in schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施
和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
【真题演练09】(2021新课标I卷第33题)
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either
good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a
doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.
Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
33. B。推理判断题。第二段首句“We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills
that can be used for either good or bad purposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗
子”是对这一概念的解释。
【真题演练10】(2021新课标I卷第33题)
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can
reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most
positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by
employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of
emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions
and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
34. A。推理判断题。根据题干中的“the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence”
可定位到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far
ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more
beneficial than harmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“The most positive aspect of this
popularization...”和“The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped...”可知，作者对于情商普及
是赞成的。
四、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（片段式）
【名校模拟01】Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿),
and death. Frankly, I’m sick of all this bad news.
1. This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _____.A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform
1. A。作者一是想读者说明这份报纸上指登载负面新闻，如凶杀行贿受贿、死亡等，二是字里行间留出
作者的抱怨情绪，故选A。
【名校模拟 02】Laughing is essential to keep your stress levels under control. Without humor we would find
ourselves with a lot of psychological problems, or on a lot of medications to keep us from going crazy. There is
too much sadness in this present world. It drives people crazy. We all need to find a way to bypass the sadness and
bring a little light into our lives. So, I believe our best medicine is to get together and tell some jokes and have
some fun laughing together.
2. What is the writer’s attitude towards the present world?
A. Positive B. Critical C. Satisfied D. Indifferent
2. A 。从文中最后一段不难看出，作者觉得现在的世界有太多的悲伤，有时候甚至可以把人逼疯，所以
作者对现在的世界是持一种批判的态度。
【名校模拟03】The theories of modern psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the needs
of our children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as such.
Well, you may say, this is as it should be, and a good idea. But think further. What happens? “Education”
becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists. What happens then?
3. What is the author’s attitude toward the theories of modern psychology?
A. Uninterested B. Tolerant C. Satisfied D. Critical
3. D。由最后一段的句子 Frequently the modern methods are so complicated that they fail to be
understood by the teachers, let alone the children;可知，作者认为现代的方式太复杂，以至于他们无
法被老师理解，更不用说孩子们。因此推断作者对于现代教育方式持批判的态度。
【名校模拟 04】New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has become smaller. It’s now a
“global village” where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our
ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly increased by foreign language skills.
4. What is the author’s attitude toward high-tech communications equipment?
A. Critical B. Prejudiced C. Indifferent. D. Positive
4. D。根据文章第一段中 And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communication
equipment is greatly improved by foreign language skills.可以推测作者对高科技交流设备是持积极态
度。
【名校模拟05】 (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ·D片段) Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run
far ahead of what research can reasonably support，the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial
than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视) on
emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of
emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and
how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
5. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【答案及解析】
5. A。观点态度题。依据“忠于措辞法”。本段含有beneficial，positive，helped等褒义措辞，由此可推
知，作者对情商普及化是支持的。故选A。
【名校模拟06】Yoga is an ancient practice that helps create a sense of union in body, mind and spirit. Itbrings us balance. After a long time of practice yoga, you no longer just practice it --- you live it.
Yoga becomes part of your physical life. Your body grows stronger, more toned, and more flexible as
you move from one asana --- or pose --- to another…
Yoga becomes part of your mental life. Yoga teaches you to focus on breathing while you hold the
poses. This attention to breath is calming; it dissolves stress and anxiety...
6. What will be talked about if this passage continues?
A. Yoga becoming part of your spiritual life.
B. Yoga becoming popular all over the world.
C. The disadvantages of yoga.
D. Encouraging people to do yoga.
6. A。Yoga is an ancient practice that helps create a sense of union in body, mind and spirit.文章
第一句点名瑜伽三大好处；第二三段分别提及body, mind，最后一段应该谈论spirit。
【名校模拟 07】During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is
created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and
gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a
global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.
7. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. The advantage of wind power.
B. The design of wind power plants.
C. The worldwide movement to save energy.
D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.
7. D。根据文章第三段最后一句“Today，there is a global movement to supply more and more of
our electricity through the use of wind.”可以推断下一步就要涉及风能在全世界的开发利用趋势，即
“The global trend (趋势) towards producing power from wind.”。因此D项正确。
【名校模拟08】 “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in
the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy
Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.
8. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.
A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves
B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them
8. B。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考,或者简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物,往往都是为了引出主题
(to draw the readers’ attention to the topic/ to serve as an introduction to the discussion)。
【名校模拟09】In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”
four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different
participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be
pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to
make it to market in the near future.
9. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.9. D。推理判断题。解析：本段关键字technology 所以介绍科技类文章比较可能选自杂志，因此选择D.
A magazine. （当然本文综合全文更好。）
【名校模拟 10】Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the
children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart.
Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to
learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves.
10. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
10. A。推理判断题。Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak
in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast (夸耀) about themselves. 让孩子们学会夸耀自己，
所以选择A help students see their own strengths（长处，优点。）
五、阅读理解推理判断题名校模拟（21篇）
【名校模拟一：态度推断题】
（2024·浙江·模拟预测）A small study published Wednesday documents significantly restored hearing in
five of six kids treated in China. “Hearing loss is hard to recover. That’s why we were always trying to develop a
therapy (疗法),” said Zheng-Yi Chen, a senior author of the study.
Globally, 34 million children have deafness or hearing loss, and genes are responsible for up to 60% of
cases.
All the children in the experiments have a condition that accounts for 2% to 8% of inherited (遗传的)
deafness. It’s caused by mutations (变异) in a gene responsible for an inner ear protein called otoferlin, which
helps hair cells transmit sound to the brain.
The therapy of Chen’s team delivers a functional copy of that gene to the inner ear during a surgery. It
caused no major side effects. They observed the children for about six months and captured patients’ progress in
videos. One shows a little girl 13 weeks after treatment repeating father, mother, grandmother, sister and “I love
you.” They don’t know why the treatment didn’t work in one of them. But the five others, who previously had
complete deafness, can now hear a regular conversation and talk with others.
Prior results from other researches have been just as positive. The Philadelphia hospital reported that their
patient, Aissam Dam, is now able to hear his father’s voice and cars on the road. Dr. John Germiller, who led the
research in Philadelphia said, “His hearing is improved from a state of complete deafness with no sound at all to
the level of mild hearing loss.”
Columbia University’s Dr. Lawrence Lustig said, “Although the children in these studies don’t wind up
with perfect hearing, even a mild hearing loss recovery in these kids is pretty astonishing.” Still, he added, “Many
questions remain, such as how long the therapies will last and whether hearing will continue to improve in the
kids.”
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The result of Chen’s therapy. B．The impact of gene mutations.
C．The trouble of curing hearing loss. D．The analysis of children’s deafness.2．What do most participants in the two researches have in common?
A．They showed positive response to the therapy. B．Their power of speech was partially regained.
C．Their improvements were recorded by videos. D．They had mild hearing loss after the treatment.
3．What is Dr. Lawrence Lustig’s attitude toward the therapy?
A．Dismissive. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Gene Therapy: A Hope for the Deaf
B．Deaf Children: A Concern of Society
C．Chen’s Research: A Breakthrough in Surgery
D．Inherited Deafness: A Challenge for Treatment
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文为说明文。这篇短文主要报道了中国一项小型研究，其中五个孩子在接受治疗后听力显著
恢复。这些儿童患有由基因突变导致的遗传性耳聋，研究团队通过手术向内耳输送了功能正常的基因副
本，治疗后孩子们能进行正常对话。尽管仍有许多问题待解，如治疗效果的持久性等，但这项成果和其
他研究一样，显示出恢复听力损失的积极前景。
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Globally, 34 million children have deafness or hearing loss, and genes are
responsible for up to 60% of cases. (全球有3400万儿童患有耳聋或听力损失，高达60%的病例是由基因
引起的。) ”可知，第二段主要是对儿童耳聋情况的分析。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第四段“One shows a little girl 13 weeks after treatment repeating father, mother,
grandmother, sister and “I love you.” They don’t know why the treatment didn’t work in one of them. But
the five others, who previously had complete deafness, can now hear a regular conversation and talk with
others. (其中一个视频显示，一个小女孩在治疗13周后重复着父亲、母亲、祖母、姐姐和“我爱你”。他
们不知道为什么治疗对其中一人无效。但其他五个人以前完全失聪，现在可以听到定期的对话并与他人
交谈。) ”及第五段“Prior results from other researches have been just as positive.(先前其他研究的结果也
同样积极。)”可知，这两项研究的大多数参与者的共同点是他们对治疗有积极反应。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Columbia University’s Dr. Lawrence Lustig said, “Although the children
in these studies don’t wind up with perfect hearing, even a mild hearing loss recovery in these kids is pretty
astonishing.” Still, he added, “Many questions remain, such as how long the therapies will last and whether
hearing will continue to improve in the kids.”(哥伦比亚大学的Lawrence Lustig博士说：“尽管这些研究
中的孩子们最终并没有获得完美的听力，但这些孩子即使是轻微的听力损失恢复也相当惊人。”不过，
他补充道，“还有很多问题，比如治疗能持续多久，孩子们的听力是否会继续改善。”)” 可知，
Lawrence Lustig对这个疗法的态度是客观的。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据全文和第四段“The therapy of Chen’s team delivers a functional copy of that gene
to the inner ear during a surgery. It caused no major side effects. (陈的团队的治疗方法在手术中将该基因
的功能拷贝传递到内耳。它没有造成重大副作用。)”可知，文章主要介绍了通过基因治疗患有由基因突变
导致的遗传性耳聋的儿童。A项“基因治疗：聋人的希望”是最合适的标题。故选A。
（2024·重庆·三模）Handwriting notes in class might seem outdated as smartphones and other digital technology
cover every aspect of learning across schools and universities. But a steady stream of research continues to
suggest that taking notes the traditional way is still the best way to learn, especially for young children. And now
scientists are finally zeroing in on why.
The new research, by Audrey van der Meer and Ruud van der Weel at the Norwegian University of Scienceand Technology (NTNU), builds on a foundational 2014 study suggesting that people taking notes by computer
were typing without thinking. “It kind of goes in through your ears and comes out through your fingertips, but you
don’t process the incoming information,” she says. But when taking notes by hand, it’s often impossible to write
everything down; students have to actively pay attention to the incoming information and process it — prioritize
it, consolidate it and try to relate it to things they’ve learned before. This conscious action of building onto
existing knowledge can make it easier to stay engaged and grasp new concepts.
To understand specific brain activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, the researchers
sewed electrodes (电极) into a hairnet with 256 sensors that recorded the brain activity of 36 students as they
wrote or typed 15 words from the game Pictionary that were displayed on a screen.
When students wrote the words by hand, the sensors detected widespread connectivity across many brain
regions. Typing, however, led to minimal activity, if any, in the same areas. Handwriting set off connection
patterns covering visual regions, which receive and process sensory information, and the motor cortex (运动皮层).
The latter handles body movement and sensorimotor integration, which helps the brain use environmental inputs
to inform a person’s next action.
Sophia Vinci-Booher, an assistant professor of educational brain science at Vanderbilt University, says,
“People may not realize when they materialize something by writing or drawing it, this strengthens the concept
and helps it stick in their memory.”
5．What do we know about the new research?
A．It is an initial study on note-taking. B．It offers a new note-taking method.
C．It finds the evidence for previous finding.D．It introduces how to take notes effectively.
6．What does the underlined word “consolidate” probably mean in paragraph 2?
A．Integrate. B．Demonstrate. C．Obtain. D．Share.
7．What happens in the brain when taking notes by hand?
A．Visual systems are lacking in activities. B．Some brain areas are highly involved.
C．Sensory information is processed rapidly.D．The motor cortex accepts visual information.
8．What is Sophia Vinci-Booher’s attitude towards the new research?
A．Approving. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现手写比打字更加有助于记忆和学习，解释了背后的原
因是手写笔记需要积极参与和处理信息。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“And now scientists are finally zeroing in on why.(现在科学家们终于找到了
原因)”和第二段“The new research, by Audrey van der Meer and Ruud van der Weel at the Norwegian
University of Science and Technology (NTNU), builds on a foundational 2014 study suggesting that people
taking notes by computer were typing without thinking.(挪威科技大学的奥黛丽·范德米尔和鲁德·范德韦尔
的这项新研究是在2014年的一项基础研究的基础上进行的，该研究表明，用电脑做笔记的人是在不加思
考地打字)”可知，新的研究是基于2014 年研究的结果找寻背后的原因。故选C。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“But when taking notes by hand, it’s often impossible to write
everything down; students have to actively pay attention to the incoming information and process it(但是当
用手记笔记时，通常不可能把所有的东西都写下来;学生们必须积极地关注传入的信息，并对其进行处
理)”以及后文“it and try to relate it to things they’ve learned before.”可知，用手写方式记笔记通常不能
记下所有的内容。学生需要对知识进行消化，然后记下要点。因此consolidate 应该属于“处理”信息的过程，即过程是：先把信息优先排序，然后整合这些信息，并尝试将其与之前学过的知识联系起来。故
划线词意思是“整合”。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When students wrote the words by hand, the sensors detected
widespread connectivity across many brain regions.(当学生手写单词时，传感器检测到大脑许多区域的广
泛连接)”可知，当用手写方式记笔记时，大脑多个区域相连接并产生活动。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sophia Vinci-Booher, an assistant professor of educational brain science
at Vanderbilt University, says, “People may not realize when they materialize something by writing or
drawing it, this strengthens the concept and helps it stick in their memory.”(范德比尔特大学教育脑科学助
理教授索菲亚·文西-布尔说：“人们可能没有意识到，当他们通过书写或绘画将某件事具体化时，这加强
了概念，并有助于它留在他们的记忆中。”)”可知，她认为此项研究证实了用手写方式记笔记可以强化所
接收的观点，同时增强大脑对知识的记忆，即对新研究是支持态度。故选A。
（2024·河南·模拟预测）Leo Walsh participated in the design of the minivan, a kind of vehicle, which
revolutionized the way families traveled 40 years ago to generations of Americans.
After graduating from Virginia Tech with a degree in engineering in 1956. Walsh was hired by Chrysler in
Detroit. “That was the best decision I ever made, because if I’d gone to GM, I could have been lost in a big hurry,”
Walsh said. The engineer proved his ability while making $485 a month. “I was the youngest chief engineer at
Chrysler at that time,” Walsh recalled.
Walsh was approached by the manager in 1976 to design a vehicle unlike any other. Walsh’s team didn’t
waste time. “We designed a prototype (原型) by cutting down the big vans,” Walsh explained. But the plans
Walsh led would sit on a shelf collecting dust. “We kept proving that it was workable through the prototypes,”
Walsh said. Then eight years later, Chrysler’s new CEO Lee Iacocca greenlighted the project. “He thought it was a
product that needed to be on the market,” Walsh said. “It was decided to produce it in 1984.” With its extra cargo
(货物) space and roominess for passengers, the Chrysler minivan was an instant hit. “It became the cash cow of
Chrysler Corporation,” Walsh said.
After 32 years in Chrysler, Walsh retired in 1988 just four years after the first minivan was produced. “The
world’s best minivans and that is true,” Walsh said. “It was a landmark vehicle.” 2024 marks the 40th anniversary
of the minivan, proving good ideas get good gas mileage. The 93-year-old doesn’t take credit for the minivan. To
this day Walsh sings high praise for his talented team.
Admirably, the retired engineer helped introduce a new way of driving. “I enjoyed every minute of those
jobs. That is all I have got to say,” Walsh said. “I enjoyed every minute of my career. I am very fortunate to be
there at the beginning.”
9．What can we infer about Walsh from paragraph 2?
A．He once had the idea of working for GM.B．He wasn’t valued in the company initially.
C．He joined Chrysler to design the minivan.D．He learnt engineering because he was poor.
10．What was the attitude of the CEOs before Lee Iacocca to Walsh’s prototype?
A．Unclear. B．Approving. C．Tolerant. D．Dismissive.
11．Which best describes Walsh as a team leader?
A．Strict. B．Modest. C．Ambitious. D．Humorous.
12．What can we learn from Walsh’s story?
A．A winner is one with a great effort of will.
B．Gaining success helps you become an expert.C．Your success comes from loving what you do.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
【答案】9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Leo Walsh设计厢式旅行车的故事。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“That was the best decision I ever made, because if I’d gone to GM, I could
have been lost in a big hurry(这是我做过的最好的决定，因为如果我去了通用汽车，我可能很快就会迷
失)”可推知，Walsh曾经想过去通用汽车公司工作。故选A。
10．推理判断题。根据第三段“But the plans Walsh led would sit on a shelf collecting dust.(但沃尔什领导
的计划却被搁置在架子上积灰)”以及“Then eight years later, Chrysler’s new CEO Lee Iacocca
greenlighted the project.(八年后，克莱斯勒的新任 CEO李·艾柯卡批准了这个项目)”可推知，在 Lee
Iacocca之前的CEO们对Walsh团队所设计的原型持排斥态度。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The 93-year-old doesn’t take credit for the minivan. To this day Walsh
sings high praise for his talented team.(这位93岁的老人并不把这辆小型货车归功于自己。直到今天，沃
尔什仍然高度赞扬他的天才团队)”可知，Walsh高度赞扬了自己的团队，即Walsh是一位很谦虚的人。故
选B。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Admirably, the retired engineer helped introduce a new way of driving.
“I enjoyed every minute of those jobs. That is all I have got to say,” Walsh said. “I enjoyed every minute of
my career. I am very fortunate to be there at the beginning.”(令人钦佩的是，这位退休的工程师帮助引进
了一种新的驾驶方式。“我享受这些工作的每一分钟。这就是我要说的。我享受我职业生涯的每一分钟
我很幸运能从一开始就在那里。”)”可推知，我们可以从Walsh的经历中学到：成功源于热爱。故选C。
【名校模拟二：预测下段题】
（2024·河北·模拟预测） Have you heard yourself say “it was nothing really” when someone
congratulates you on a job well done? Or when you are asked to make a list of what you have achieved, you draw
a blank? Maybe you have success amnesia.
Failing to acknowledge your hard work is often a sign of “success amnesia”. People with success amnesia
are often successful yet they find it difficult to admit achievements. They are people who others would describe as
successful and yet they find it difficult to acknowledge their results.
Success amnesia robs them of the satisfying sense that can help them achieve a goal. And, perhaps more
importantly, it robs them of confidence. Confidence does not guarantee success, but it does increases the chances
of success. Think of the classic children’s story, The Little Engine That Could. The Little Blue Engine comes to
the rescue of a broken-down train, working hard to pull the stranded (搁浅的) goods up and over a mountain. As
she moves upwards, she continuously says “I think I can”, and finally she makes it to the mountaintop and begins
downwards.
Imagine you will throw a 50th birthday celebration for your partner. If you approach the task with “I think I
can” in your mind, then you’re likely to tackle it with energy. You might not have done anything similar before,
but you trust yourself to work it out. You hold meetings to gather ideas and work out a plan. Approaching the task
with your head full of “I can’t do this”, on the other hand, would likely result in more hesitant steps. It’s difficult
to get the work finished when you hold the belief that the task is beyond you.
Confidence fuels success and success fuels confidence. Our achievements provide us with evidence of what
we’re capable of, increasing our self-belief and fueling our confidence to do more. Success amnesia reducesconfidence. To boost one’s confidence, it is necessary to tackle success amnesia.
1．Which student may have “success amnesia”?
A．One willing to help others. B．One refusing to admit his mistake.
C．One thinking little of his achievements. D．One speaking highly of his own composition.
2．Why is the story The Little Engine That Could mentioned in paragraph 3?
A．To explain the reason behind success amnesia.
B．To praise the perseverance of The Little Blue Engine.
C．To give an example that confidence can guarantee success.
D．To prove that one is more likely to succeed with confidence.
3．How is Paragraph 4 developed?
A．By citing a real case. B．By presenting supporting facts.
C．By analyzing contributing factors. D．By showing comparison and contrast.
4．What will be presented in the following paragraph?
A．Ways to deal with success amnesia,
B．Different opinions on success amnesia.
C．Scientific research into success amnesia.
D．Possible consequences of success amnesia
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕“成功失忆症”这一现象进行了讨论，阐述了成功失忆症对
个人自信心和成功机会的影响，并提出了解决这一问题的方法。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“People with success amnesia are often successful yet they find it
difficult to admit achievements.(患有成功失忆症的人往往很成功，但他们很难承认自己的成就。)”以及
第三段“Success amnesia robs them of the satisfying sense that can help them achieve a goal. (成
功失忆症剥夺了他们取得目标时那种令人满意的感觉。)”可以推断出，那些不太在意或难以承认自己成
就的人可能患有成功失忆症。选项C“One thinking little of his achievements.(一个对自己的成就不太
在意的人)”最符合这个描述。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Confidence does not guarantee success, but it does increases the
chances of success. Think of the classic children’s story, The Little Engine That Could. The Little
Blue Engine comes to the rescue of a broken-down train, working hard to pull the stranded(搁浅
的) goods up and over a mountain. As she moves upwards, she continuously says “I think I
can”, and finally she makes it to the mountaintop and begins downwards.(自信并不能保证成功，但
它确实增加了成功的机会。想想经典的儿童故事《小火车头做到了》。小蓝引擎来救援一辆抛锚的火车
努力把搁浅的货物拉上和翻越一座山。当她向上移动时，她不断地说“我想我可以”，最后她到达山顶
开始向下移动。)”可知，小火车不断说“我想我可以”并最终成功到达山顶，这是为了证明一个人在有
信心的情况下更有可能成功。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Imagine you will throw a 50th birthday celebration for your
partner. If you approach the task with “I think I can” in your mind, then you’re likely to
tackle it with energy. You might not have done anything similar before, but you trust yourself to
work it out. You hold meetings to gather ideas and work out a plan. Approaching the task with your head
full of “I can’t do this”, on the other hand, would likely result in more hesitant steps. It’s difficult to get the
work finished when you hold the belief that the task is beyond you.(想象一下，你将为你的伴侣举办一场50岁生日庆祝活动。如果你在处理任务的时候心里想着“我想我能行”，那么你很可能会精力充沛地
处理它。你以前可能没有做过类似的事情，但你相信自己能解决。你召开会议来收集想法并制定计划。
另一方面，如果你满脑子都是“我做不到”的想法，那么你很可能会犹豫不决。当你认为任务超出你的
能力范围时，就很难完成工作。)”可知，作者首先描述了一个场景，即假设你要为你的伴侣举办一个 50
岁生日庆祝活动，并描述了如果你以“我想我能”的心态来对待这个任务，你可能会充满能量地去完成
它。然后，作者通过“on the other hand”（另一方面）进行了对比，描述了如果你满脑子都是“我做
不到”，那么你很可能会犹豫不决，难以完成任务。因此，第四段是通过展示比较和对比来展开的。故
选D。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“To boost one’s confidence, it is necessary to tackle success
amnesia.(要增强信心，就必须解决成功失忆症。)”以及全文内容可知，文章已经讨论了成功失忆症的定
义、影响以及通过举例来证明信心对于成功的重要性。在结尾部分，文章提到“To boost one’s
confidence, it is necessary to tackle success amnesia.”（要增强信心，就必须解决成功失忆症。）这暗
示了接下来可能会讨论如何处理成功失忆症的方法。故选A。
（2024·江西南昌·三模）The goal of this book is to introduce some of the cognitive (认知的) prejudices
we have—and how misunderstandings can cloud our judgment and affect the people around us. This book also
guides us on how to do our best to correct these thinking traps. Here are some examples.
The first one is that we tend to be overconfident in our abilities without enough evidence. This can lead us,
for example, to mess up career-changing presentations because of lacking preparation, or greatly underestimate
the time we may spend completing the projects.
We can correct this propensity by trying it out ourselves. This will quickly put any feelings of
overconfidence to rest or fight this trend by over-preparing and considering potential problems in advance. For
example, if we’re decorating our homes and have no idea how long it will take, talk to friends who went through a
recent case or consult with a few experts to understand the time the project costs and what problems may arise.
Another, which can be dangerous, is that we are likely to focus a lot more of our attention on negative
events than positive ones. It explains why a friend’s unenthusiastic review of a well-known movie might lead us to
watch something else. This tendency can hold us back from making a decision about something, say a big
purchase like a house, out of fear there was once a negative event associated with an otherwise good choice.
There are several suggestions here. Initially, when making a choice, stress the positive aspects of our
options. Sellers use this approach all the time. For example, instead of saying the beef contains 11% fat, they label
it is as 89% lean (纯瘦肉的). These are both true and accurate descriptions of the same product but describing it
from the opposite of it can make it a more attractive choice for buyers concerned with fat intake.
5．What is the book aimed at?
A．Teaching social skills. B．Changing thinking mode.
C．Solving physical problems. D．Promoting reflective learning.
6．What does the underlined word “propensity” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Tradition B．Over-preparation
C．Collection D．Tendency
7．What is the harm of prejudice according to paragraph 4?
A．Buying useless things. B．Messing up presentations.
C．Missing big opportunities. D．Avoiding making decisions.
8．What will be talked about in the following paragraph?A．Analyzing reasons. B．Giving examples.
C．Adding suggestions. D．Making contrasts.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们的认知偏见并提供一些纠正方法，以帮助人们更全面地
看待事物并做出更好的决策。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段的“The goal of this book is to introduce some of the cognitive prejudices we
have—and how misunderstandings can cloud our judgment and affect the people around us. This book also
guides us on how to do our best to correct these thinking traps. (这本书的目的是介绍一些我们所拥有的认
知偏见，以及误解是如何影响我们的判断和影响我们周围的人的。这本书还指导我们如何尽最大努力纠
正这些思维陷阱。)”可知，这本书旨在帮助读者认识到自己的认知偏见并提供方法来纠正它们，即这本书
旨在改变人们的思维方式。故选B。
6．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“The first one is that we tend to be overconfident in our abilities without
enough evidence. This can lead us, for example, to mess up career-changing presentations because of
lacking preparation, or greatly underestimate the time we may spend completing the projects.(第一个是，
在没有足够证据的情况下，我们往往对自己的能力过于自信。例如，这可能会导致我们因为缺乏准备而
搞砸改变职业的演讲，或者大大低估我们可能花在完成项目上的时间。)”可知，人们往往盲目自信，这是
一种倾向，结合第三段的“We can correct this propensityby trying it out ourselves. This will quickly put
any feelings of overconfidence to rest or fight this trend by over-preparing and considering potential
problems in advance. (我们可以通过自己尝试来纠正这种……。这将很快让任何过度自信的感觉得到休息，
或者通过提前过度准备和考虑潜在问题来对抗这种趋势。) ”可知，划线词与下一句话中的trend是同义词，
即倾向，综上可知，划线词意为“倾向”。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Another, which can be dangerous, is that we are likely to focus a lot more
of our attention on negative events than positive ones. It explains why a friend’s unenthusiastic review of a
well-known movie might lead us to watch something else. This tendency can hold us back from making a
decision about something, say a big purchase like a house, out of fear there was once a negative event
associated with an otherwise good choice.(另一个可能很危险的是，我们可能会把更多的注意力集中在消
极事件上，而不是积极事件上。这就解释了为什么朋友对一部知名电影的冷淡评论可能会导致我们去看
别的电影。这种倾向会阻碍我们对某事做出决定，比如像房子这样的大型购买，因为害怕曾经有一个负
面事件与一个本来很好的选择联系在一起。)”可知，偏见可能会让人们错失大好机会而做出不合适的决定。
故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“There are several suggestions here. Initially, when making a choice,
stress the positive aspects of our options. Sellers use this approach all the time. For example, instead of
saying the beef contains 11% fat, they label it is as 89% lean. These are both true and accurate descriptions
of the same product but describing it from the opposite of it can make it a more attractive choice for buyers
concerned with fat intake.(这里有几个建议。最初，在做选择的时候，强调我们选择的积极方面。卖家一
直在使用这种方法。例如，他们不是说牛肉含有11%的脂肪，而是标记为89%的瘦肉。这些都是对同一
产品的真实和准确的描述，但从相反的角度描述它对于关心脂肪摄入量的买家来说可以使它成为一个更
有吸引力的选择。)”可知，段首句提到本段要介绍几个建议，随后给出了一个卖肉的建议，因此下文将继
续介绍一些建议。故选C。
（2024·湖北·三模）Every year, some 2.3 million women and men around the world died from work-
related accidents or diseases — that’s more than 8, 000 deaths every single day — and at least 402 million peoplesuffer from non-fatal occupational injuries. The number is enormous in terms of personal tragedy and hardship.
And it comes with a huge economic loss. It is estimated that occupational accidents and diseases lead to a 5.4
percent loss of annual global GDP.
A safe and healthy working environment is so important that in June 2022 the ILO (International Labor
Organization) took a historic step when it added a safe and healthy working environment to its Fundamental
Principles and Rights at Work.
Why does this matter? It matters because occupational safety and health can now no longer be viewed as an
optional extra. All of the ILO’s 186 member states are now required to respect, promote and achieve a safe and
healthy working environment as a fundamental principle and right at work.
This is significant for several reasons. First, it recognizes that every worker has the right to be protected
from dangers and risks that can cause injury, illness or death in the workplace.
By making occupational safety and health (OSH) a fundamental right, the ILO is sending a clear message
to governments and employers of all countries that they must take responsibility for providing a safe and healthy
working environment for all workers.
When workers feel safe and healthy in their workplace, they are likely to be more productive and efficient.
This can benefit workers, employers as well as the economy. Conversely, when workers are injured or become ill
due to workplace dangers, it can have a significantly negative impact on productivity and economic growth.
A safe and healthy working environment is now a fundamental right for each and every worker.
Governments, employers, trade unions as well as companies must work together to make this right a reality.
9．What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．To draw a conclusion. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To warn us of the danger at work. D．To call for the need of safety environment.
10．What does a safe and healthy working environment mean to each side?
A．It means a basic right to the ILO. B．It means life and death to employers.
C．It means a fundamental obligation to workers.D．It means economic growth to the government.
11．Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in Paragraph 6?
A．Consequently. B．Contrarily. C．Conventionally. D．Commonly.
12．What may be discussed in the following paragraph after the last one?
A．The joint efforts by the four sides. B．The potential improvements to make.
C．The history of workers’ sufferings. D．The measures workers take to get protected.
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．B 12．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了世界劳工组织把安全和健康的工作环境纳入工人工作的基本权利。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Every year, some 2.3 million women and men around the world died
from work-related accidents or diseases—that’s more than 8, 000 deaths every single day—and at least 402
million people suffer from non-fatal occupational injuries. The number is enormous in terms of personal
tragedy and hardship. And it comes with a huge economic loss. It is estimated that occupational accidents
and diseases lead to a 5.4 percent loss of annual global GDP.(每年，全世界约有230万男女死于与工作有关
的事故或疾病——即每天有8000多人死亡——至少有4.02亿人遭受非致命性职业伤害。就个人悲剧和苦
难而言，这个数字是巨大的。随之而来的是巨大的经济损失。据估计，职业事故和疾病导致全球年度
GDP损失5.4%)”表明每年与工作相关的事故造成巨大的人员伤亡，引出第二段“A safe and healthy
working environment is so important that in June 2022 the ILO (International Labor Organization) took ahistoric step when it added a safe and healthy working environment to its Fundamental Principles and
Rights at Work.(安全和健康的工作环境非常重要，因此国际劳工组织于2022年6月在其《工作基本原则
和权利》中增加了安全和健康的工作环境，迈出了历史性的一步)”关于国际劳工组织修改条例的主题。故
选B。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“When workers feel safe and healthy in their workplace, they are likely
to be more productive and efficient. This can benefit workers, employers as well as the economy.(当员工在
工作场所感到安全和健康时，他们可能会更有生产力和效率。这对工人、雇主和经济都有好处)”可知，安
全健康的工作环境对经济增长有利。故选D。
11．词义猜测题。划线词前文“When workers feel safe and healthy in their workplace, they are likely to
be more productive and efficient. This can benefit workers, employers as well as the economy.(当员工在工
作场所感到安全和健康时，他们可能会更有生产力和效率。这对工人、雇主和经济都有好处)”描述安全健
康的工作环境对于员工、企业和经济的好处；后文“when workers are injured or become ill due to
workplace dangers, it can have a significantly negative impact on productivity and economic growth.(当工
人因工作场所的危险而受伤或生病时，它会对生产力和经济增长产生显著的负面影响)”描述不安全的工作
环境会产生负面影响，划线词引出下文相反的情况，意思为：相反，与Contrarily意思相近。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A safe and healthy working environment is now a fundamental
right for each and every worker. Governments, employers, trade unions as well as companies must work
together to make this right a reality.(安全和健康的工作环境现在是每个工人的一项基本权利。政府、雇主、
工会和企业必须共同努力，使这一权利成为现实)”可知，此处讲到四方要通力合作让这项权利变成现实，
所以接下来可能会谈及四方的合作措施。故选A。
【名校模拟三：文体推断题】
（2024·新疆喀什·二模）The novel Restart was written by Gordon Korman and published in 2018. The
book tells the story of Chase, a middle school student who loses his memory after an accident. At the beginning of
the story, Chase gets knocked unconscious when he falls off a roof. When he wakes up, he can remember his
name, but he doesn’t remember his past or his identity.
When Chase recovers and returns to school, he begins to learn about his own history through the reactions of
the other students. As it turns out, Chase, once a star athlete, used to have fun hurting weaker students. Some
people are afraid of him, some are angry with him, and some treat him like a hero. He finds that he doesn’t really
like the people who used to be his best friends.
After his accident, Chase also has a different personality. He is no longer mean to other kids. However,
everyone expects him to act the same as before. It takes time for the other students to learn to trust this new
version of their old classmate. Each chapter is narrated (叙述) by a different character, so we get to hear every
side of the story.
Gordon Korman has said that he enjoys writing for junior high school students because this is the age when
kids begin to form their own opinions. In Restart, Korman addresses the themes of friendship, making mistakes,
and getting a second chance. The novel explores the stories of a former bad guy and his victims, and gives readers
a close look at the ways trust can be lost and rebuilt. The big picture comes together in little bits and pieces as
each character offers their own details.
Everyone makes mistakes, and sometimes each of us would like to start over. In Restart, Korman shows us
how to correct our mistakes and make it up to the people we have hurt.
1．What helps Chase rediscover his past?A．His memory of the accident. B．His fellow students’attitude towards him.
C．His status as a school hero. D．His best friends’ account of his school life.
2．How is Restart unique in writing style?
A．It features vivid pictures. B．It consists of obvious comparisons.
C．It is written from the view of an adult. D．It contains narrations of different characters.
3．Which statement would Gordon Korman most likely agree with?
A．Friendship and trust can be regained. B．Lost memories can be brought back.
C．Some mistakes can never be corrected. D．High school is the best age to restart.
4．What is the text?
A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A fairy story. D．A diary entry.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由戈登·科曼(Gordon Korman)撰写的小说《重启》。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When Chase recovers and returns to school, he begins to learn about
his own history through the reactions of the other students.(当Chase康复并回到学校时，他开始通过其他
学生的反应了解自己的历史。)”可知，同学们对他的态度帮助Chase重新发现了他的过去。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Each chapter is narrated (叙述) by a different character, so we get to
hear every side of the story.(每一章都由不同的人物叙述，所以我们可以听到故事的方方面面。)”可知，
《重启》这部小说的独特之处在于它包含了不同人物的叙述。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Gordon Korman has said that he enjoys writing for junior high school
students because this is the age when kids begin to form their own opinions. In Restart, Korman addresses
the themes of friendship, making mistakes, and getting a second chance. The novel explores the stories of a
former bad guy and his victims, and gives readers a close look at the ways trust can be lost and rebuilt.(戈
登·科曼说过，他喜欢为初中生写作，因为这是孩子们开始形成自己观点的年龄。在《重启》中，科曼阐
述了友谊、犯错和获得第二次机会的主题。这部小说探讨了一个曾经的坏人和他的受害者的故事，让读
者近距离地了解信任是如何失去和重建的。)”可推知，Gordon Korman可能会同意友谊和信任可以重新
获得。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The novel Restart was written by Gordon Korman and published in
2018.(小说《重启》由戈登·科曼(Gordon Korman)撰写，于2018年出版。)”、文章第四段“In Restart,
Korman addresses the themes of friendship, making mistakes, and getting a second chance. The novel
explores the stories of a former bad guy and his victims, and gives readers a close look at the ways trust can
be lost and rebuilt.(在《重启》中，科曼阐述了友谊、犯错和获得第二次机会的主题。这部小说探讨了一
个曾经的坏人和他的受害者的故事，让读者近距离地了解信任是如何失去和重建的。)”可推知，文章可能
出自一个书评。故选B。
（2024·河北邯郸·二模）“John Cotter’s Losing Music is a powerful addition to the classic memoir (自
传),” said Gretchen Cherington in The Millions. The first-time author has a strange disease that causes severe
hearing loss, and Cotter shows well how destructive (破坏性的) the condition can be. Music first began
disappearing, then the sound of the ocean. Beginning when he was 30, a ringing in his ears came and went,
sometimes becoming so loud that it was painful. As his condition got worse significantly, he found how the loss of
normal hearing separated him quickly from the whole world of pleasure. “The feeling is like losing life’s colour.”
After detailing how he fell into complete despair, his “hard-hitting, beautiful, deep-going” book also reveals how
he managed to rediscover a certain sense of satisfaction again.“The most memorable sections in Losing Music are about Cotter’s daily struggles” said Lisa Zeidner in The
Washington Post. As a poet and essayist who was working as a part-time writing professor when his hearing
troubles began, he is lyrical about sounds we take for granted: rain beating windows, old-fashioned heating
hissing (嘶嘶响), a cat drinking water. Still, “he reserves his most passionate writing for music,” providing
poetically precise descriptions of much of the music he has loved, and connecting the loss of those experiences to
the loneliness of being deaf. By 33, his hearing was gone. Hearing aids and medication helped begin a partial
improvement.
“Cotter ultimately finds the best hope for a life without music: to get right with silence,” said Melissa
Holbrook Pierson in The Wall Street Journal. There can be no happy ending in a book about hearing loss, but in
writing it, he “turned difficulty into quiet success.” Losing Music comes closest to capturing what’s behind music
“by nearly being music itself.” Even though his hearing has failed him, “evidence that Cotter’s ear is still keen for
the beautiful tune of language sings from every page.”
5．What do we know about Cotter from Paragraph 1?
A．Losing Music is his first work. B．He knows well about his illness.
C．The ringing in his ears was like music. D．He drives away loneliness by writing.
6．What impresses Lisa Zeidner most about Cotter in Losing Music?
A．His keen sense of music. B．His position as a professor.
C．His daily hardship and effort. D．His detailed style of writing,
7．How does Cotter finally deal with his illness?
A．He tries his best to cure it. B．He comes to terms with it.
C．He ignores the inconvenience of it. D．He collects evidence about it.
8．What is the text?
A．A diary entry. B．A book review.
C．A news report. D．A biography.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了John Cotter在失去听力后写的Losing Music 一书。
【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第一段中““John Cotter’s Losing Music is a powerful addition to the classic
memoir (自传),” said Gretchen Cherington in The Millions. The first-time author has a strange disease that
causes severe hearing loss(“约翰•科特的《失落的音乐》是对经典回忆录的有力补充，”格雷琴•切灵顿在
《数百万人》中说。首次当作者，他患有一种奇怪的疾病，导致严重听力损失)”可知，科特是第一次写作，
所以Losing Music这本书是他的第一部作品。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘The most memorable sections in Losing Music are about Cotter’s daily
struggles,’ said Lisa Zeidner(“《失去音乐》中最令人难忘的部分是关于科特日常生活中的奋斗挣扎。”丽
莎•蔡德纳说)”可知，这本书中使Lisa Zeidner印象最深的是科特日常的艰辛和努力。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Cotter ultimately finds the best hope for a life without music: to get
right with silence( 科特最终为没有音乐的生活找到了最好的希望:在沉默中适应了)”可知，科特适应了这
种无声的生活，并从中找到希望。come to terms with…(接受或适应现状)符合题意。故选B。
4.推理判断题。本文引用三个人(Gretchen Cherington; Lisa Zeidner; Melissa Holbrook Pierson)对科特的
书Losing Music的评论，介绍了这本书的背景，主要内容以及吸引人的地方。由此可推知，这是一篇书
评。故选B。
（2023·全国·模拟预测）In the poorest and the least healthful county in New York State, there is still cause forcelebration — particularly when it involves students. In The Power of a Plant by globally known teacher Stephen
Ritz, you’re taken on a journey witnessing changes in his community.
Throughout, Ritz notes some amazing stories he categorizes as connections and co-learning. You see the
transformation of an industrial eyesore (碍眼的建筑) into a rooftop garden, resulting in a 100% graduation rate
for those high school gardeners in a place where the rate earlier topped out at 17%. Ritz and his students fix a
garden wall and he teaches in the first edible classroom, changing the way the students learn about food, nutrition,
science and the culinary (烹饪的) arts.
Ritz launched the first National Health, Wellness and Learning Center in an over 100-year-old school, CS 55
in the South Bronx, in a neighborhood where you’re more likely to see beer being sold than healthful offerings
from a green grocery. This is the home of Green Bronx Machine, a nonprofit where Ritz is joined by a volunteer
team made up of his wife and daughter. They transformed the school’s library into a place where butterflies are
hatched and worms are tended. A kitchen was set up there and the students get monthly cooking lessons from chef
Bill Yosses, where they often use the produce they grow on-site.
While it is based in the Bronx, you’ll hear how Ritz has taken his message of Green Bronx Machine
worldwide, and when possible, the students accompany him on the field trips. Ritz said, “I grow vegetables, but
my vegetables grow students, schools and communities. My favorite crop is organically grown citizens who are
growing and eating themselves into good health and amazing opportunities.”
If you’ve ever heard Stephen Ritz in person, you’ll get that same enthusiastic and accessible voice with vivid
details in this writing, one I’m convinced will rank as one of the most inspirational books of all time.
9．What do the figures in paragraph 2 show about the transformation?
A．It is a big success. B．It has a rough start.
C．It has long-term effects. D．It is a half-baked attempt.
10．How does Ritz make a difference to CS 55?
A．By letting nature take its course.
B．By following the advice of his family.
C．By filling its green grocery with healthy stuff.
D．By exposing the students to planting and cooking.
11．What is Ritz’s writing mainly about?
A．Value and benefits of green-based co-learning.
B．A teacher’s worldwide field trips with his students.
C．Formation and development of Green Bronx Machine.
D．A teacher’s journey to grow healthy minds and schools.
12．What is the text?
A．A travel journal. B．A book review.
C．A news report. D．A celebrity profile.
【答案】9．A 10．D 11．D 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了知名教师 Stephen Ritz 的著作The Power of a Plant。
Stephen Ritz把其执教的纽约州布朗克斯区一所学校的图书馆改造成种植基地，让学生在这里学习种植、
烹饪等，在种植蔬菜的同时，也让那里的人、学校和社区健康发展。
【详解】1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“You see the transformation of an industrial eyesore (碍眼的建
筑) into a rooftop garden, resulting in a 100% graduation rate for those high school gardeners in a placewhere the rate earlier topped out at 17%.(你可以看到一个工业化的眼中钉变成了屋顶花园，这使得高中
园丁的毕业率达到了100%，而之前的毕业率达到了17%)”可知，你会看到一个碍眼的工业建筑变成了一
个屋顶花园，使得那些高中生的毕业率达到100%，而之前的毕业率最高为17%。由此推知，这种转变
是很成功的。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中“A kitchen was set up there and the students get monthly cooking lessons
from chef Bill Yosses, where tey often use the produce they grow on-site.(那里设立了一个厨房，学生们每
月从厨师比尔·约瑟斯那里获得烹饪课程，他们经常在那里使用自己就地种植的农产品)”可知，改造后的
图书馆里建了一个厨房，在那里，学生们每月都上厨师Bill Yosses的烹饪课，而且他们经常使用自己种植
的农产品。由此可知，学生在那里可以体验种植和烹饪。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。文章第二、三段重点介绍了对布朗克斯区CS 55学校的改造及其产生的影响，第四段介
绍了Ritz去世界各地传播Green Bronx Machine理念。结合这些内容可知，Ritz的作品重在介绍他致力
于培育健康心灵及学校的经历。故选D。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段中的“In The Power of a Plant by globally known teacher
Stephen Ritz(在全球知名教师斯蒂芬·里茨的著作《植物的力量》中)”及最后一段中的“you’ll get that
same enthusiastic and accessible voice with vivid details in this writing,(在这个写作，你会得到同样的热情
和平易近人的声音与生动的细节)”可知，文章主要介绍了知名教师 Stephen Ritz的著作The Power of a
Plant。由此推知，本文是一篇书评。A项“旅行日记”，C项“新闻报道”，D项“名人简介”均不符
合题意。故选B。
【名校模拟四：文章出处题】
（23-24高一下·江西南昌·期末）May is a busy month if you’re planning a springtime getaway. Half term
falls during the last week of the month, leaving three other weeks when the prices won’t go through the roof.
Whatever type of holiday you want to book in May, you’ll find some incredible ideas here.
Greece
If you’re travelling with preschool children and want to beat the half-term price hikes, book one of the
villas at Mousses Crèche and Kids’ Clubs. You’ll get the chance to relax in the pool while the kids join the
children’s clubs and get free childcare. Simpson Travel has a week’s self-catering (自己提供食物的) in a two-
bedroom villa from £557, based on two adults and two children sharing, including flights, car hire; departs 5 May.
Istanbul
May is an ideal time to visit endlessly fascinating Istanbul. Stay at the Radisson Blu Istanbul Pera and
you’ll have restaurants of Beyoglu and Karaköy to explore. There’s also a spa where you can relax in a hot tub.
Away Holidays has a four-night room-only break departing 18 May from £502, including flights and a free room
upgrade.
France
Slow down the pace with a self-drive boating holiday in southern France. Get to know the landscapes and
wildlife of the Petite Camargue and Languedoc as you wander along the Canal du Rhône à Sete. Stop in Aigues-
Mortes and Sete in the course of a week, making most of the marvelous seafood along the way. Depart 10 May
from €1,038, including tuition; fuel and mooring fees (系泊费) are extra.
1．How much does a couple with two kids spend in Simpson Travel?
A．£502. B．At least £557. C．€1,038. D．Over €1,038.
2．What makes travelling in Istanbul special?
A．Upgrading a room for free. B．Having a week’s self-catering.C．Having a self-drive boating. D．Wandering in Aigues-Mortes.
3．Where is the text most likely from?
A．A news report. B．An academic paper.
C．A travel brochure. D．A cultural website.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个适合五月春季度假的旅游目的地。
1．细节理解题。根据文章Greece部分“Simpson Travel has a week’s self-catering in a two-bedroom villa
from £557, based on two adults and two children sharing, including flights, car hire; departs 5 May.
(Simpson Travel在一栋两居室别墅里提供为期一周的自助餐饮服务，价格为557英镑，基于两个成年人
和两个孩子的共享，包括航班、租车；5月5日出发)”可知，一对有两个孩子的夫妇在Simpson Travel至
少花费557英镑。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章Istanbul部分“Away Holidays has a four-night room-only break departing 18
May from £502, including flights and a free room upgrade.(Away Holidays 于5月18日出发，提供四晚仅
限客房的假期，价格为502英镑，包括航班和免费客房升级)”可知，免费升级客房使伊斯坦布尔之旅变得
特别。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。结合全文及文章第一段“May is a busy month if you’re planning a springtime getaway.
Half term falls during the last week of the month, leaving three other weeks when the prices won’t go
through the roof. Whatever type of holiday you want to book in May, you’ll find some incredible ideas here.
(如果你打算在春季出游，五月是个忙碌的月份。本月的最后一周正值学校期中假期，这意味着在其余三
周，旅游价格不会飙升至天价。无论你想在五月预订哪种类型的假期，这里都能找到一些令人惊叹的建
议)”可知，文章主要介绍了几个适合五月春季度假的旅游目的地，故本文可能来自于一本旅游手册。故选
C项。
（23-24 高三下·广东中山·期末）Technology and the Psychology of Second Language Learners and
Users is a collection of studies that focuses on second language (L2) teaching and learning. This book, made up of
23parts, presents research on how technology affects the learning psychology (心理) of L2learners.
One of the main contributions of the book is that it is more than just a descriptive account of current
research regarding technology and the psychological side of L2 learners. A key view is that technology does not
necessarily lead to positive psychological effects. In fact, some learners may feel anxious or uncomfortable using
technology for language learning, which can hinder their performance. What’s more, learner psychology still
requires closer examination, as learners’ attitudes towards technology-assisted learning do not always match their
actual practices.
Another important contribution of this book is that it presents the connection and interplay between
language learners’ online identity and offline identity. As studies in the book have shown, positive online identities
may support language learning and can potentially apply to offline situations. Also, individuals have different
identities in the off line environment, which may influence how they experience online.
A third contribution of the book is that it provides various cases in detail to tell readers how to conduct
research. Technology has created different online learning contexts for researchers to investigate, such as blogs
and online social networks, to name a few. Thus, researchers are offered a lot of choices and have various studies
to refer to when they do future research.
As illustrated above, this book provides both theoretical and practical value. It familiarizes researchers with
the interplay of technology, psychology, and L2 learning, while also reminding teachers of the importance ofintegrating(结合) technology thoughtfully, considering individual learner differences. Adding instructions and
steps on how to apply research findings to real teaching and learning contexts at the end of each part could further
strengthen the book’s usefulness for language instructors.
4．What does the underlined word “hinder” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Predict. B．Prevent. C．Analyze. D．Improve.
5．What can we learn about the book?
A．It indicates the benefits of positive online identities.
B．It illustrates the technology for positive psychology.
C．It develops offline learning contexts for researchers.
D．It provides detailed instructions for language teachers.
6．What's the author's attitude towards the book?
A．Neutral. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Positive.
7．What is the text?
A．A book review. B．A news report.
C．A research paper. D．A learning guide.
【答案】4．B 5．A 6．D 7．A
【导语】这是一篇书评。评述了一本关于科技对二语学习者心理影响的研究集，肯定其理论与实践价值
指出科技不总带来正面心理效应。
4．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的句子“In fact, some learners may feel anxious or uncomfortable using
technology for language learning, which can hinder their performance.（事实上，一些学习者在使用技术
进行语言学习时可能会感到焦虑或不舒服，这可能hinder他们的表现。）”可知，既然学习者会感到焦
虑或不舒服，那么这自然就会阻碍他们的表现。“hinder”在这里指的是阻止或者妨碍，与选项B的
“Prevent”意思相近。故选B项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As studies in the book have shown, positive online identities may
support language learning and can potentially apply to offline situations.(正如本书中的研究所表明的那样，
积极的在线身份可能有助于语言学习，并可能适用于离线情况。)”可知，这表明书中涉及了在线身份的积
极影响。因此，我们选择A项（它指出了积极在线身份的好处。）。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。通过整体阅读文章，第二段，第三段和第四段作者都用“contributions of the book(这本
书的贡献）”来开头，尤其是结尾处的句子“As illustrated above, this book provides both theoretical and
practical value.（如上所述，这本书提供了理论和实践价值。）”，可以推断出作者对这本书的态度是积
极的，肯定的。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。从第一段中的“This book, made up of 23parts, presents research on how technology
affects the learning psychology (心理) of L2learners.(这本书由23个部分组成，介绍了技术如何影响L2学
习者的学习心理的研究。)”可知，整篇文章是对一本书的内容和贡献进行了介绍和评价，符合书评的特征。
因此，文章最可能是一篇书评。故选A项。
（23-24高三下·安徽安庆·期末）On the night of March 9, 1860, a storm-driven schooner (帆船) with
only 15 boys aboard, ages 8 to 14, crashes into the shore of an unknown island. And so begins Jules Verne’s Two
Years’ Vacation, also known as Adrift (漂流) in the Pacific, a novel originally serialized in twenty-four issues in
1888. It was also part of Voyages Extraordinaires, a series of fifty-four Verne’s novels, published between 1863
and 1905.
Verne created quite a few famous works and he is the second most translated author in the world. While notone of Verne’s best, Two Years’ Vacation is a short, fun, energetic boy’s novel about challenge in the face of tough
natural and social realities. It’s told with passion and imagination.
The castaways include fourteen boys from Charman’s boarding-school in Auckland, New Zealand, and
Moko, a black twelve-year-old, the only professional sailor. Their wild voyage began three weeks earlier while
they were sleeping on the schooner before starting a two-month holiday trip. By the time Moko and the others
awoke, the schooner was adrift far out to sea. During the weeks of trying to keep the ship afloat, three older boys
took positions of leadership—Gordon, a 14-year-old American; Briant, the 13-year-old son of a French engineer;
and Donagan, 13, English like all the other boys.
Two story lines develop on the deserted spot of land in the ocean that the boys name Charmin Island. The
boys have to find a way to survive. And another line includes the collision among the leading boys. At one point,
Donagan charges Briant with cheating, and he took two boys to leave their group and found another place to settle
down. In fact, all three of the leader boys turn out to be brave fellows. And even Briant sayes Donagan’s life at the
end of the story.
The liveliness of Verne’s story was such that I was able to soldier on past the imperfections and enjoy the
hair-raising feeling while reading.
8．What can be known about Verne?
A．He was a productive writer. B．He used to be a professional sailor.
C．He spent two decades in writing. D．He based his story on his own experience.
9．What does the underlined word “collision” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Company. B．Support. C．Disagreement. D．Affection.
10．What is the author’s opinion about the book?
A．He claims it is perfectly written. B．He likes its adventurous story.
C．He thinks little of its characters. D．He feels pity for the soldier in it.
11．What is the type of the text?
A．A travel journal. B．A news report. C．A short story. D．A book review.
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍儒勒·凡尔纳的小说《两年的假期》，包括故事的内容，写作特点及
作者读书的感受。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Verne created quite a few famous works and he is the second most
translated author in the world. (Verne创作了相当多的名作，他是世界上被翻译作品第二多的作家。)”可
推知，Verne是一位多产的作家。故选A。
9．词义猜测题。根据划线词后文“At one point, Donagan charges Briant with cheating, and he took two
boys to leave their group and found another place to settle down. (Donagan一度指责Briant欺骗，他带着
两个男孩离开团队，找到另外一个地方安顿下来。)”可推知，划线词所在句子意为“另一条线包括男主角
之间有分歧。”故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The liveliness of Verne’s story was such that I was able to soldier on past
the imperfections and enjoy the hair-raising feeling while reading. (凡尔纳的故事是如此生动，以至于我能
够在阅读时带着不完美继续读下去，而且很喜欢那种惊险的感觉。)”可推知，作者喜欢书中惊险的故事。
故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段“And so begins Jules Verne’s Two Years’ Vacation, also known as Adrift (漂
流) in the Pacific, a novel originally serialized in twenty-four issues in 1888. It was also part of VoyagesExtraordinaires, a series of fifty-four Verne’s novels, published between 1863 and 1905. (儒勒·凡尔纳的
《两年假期》也被称为《太平洋漂流》，这部小说最初于1888年连载了24期。这也是凡尔纳在1863年
至1905年间出版的54部系列小说《非凡之旅》的一部分。)”结合文章介绍儒勒·凡尔纳的小说《两年的
假期》，包括故事的内容，写作特点及作者读书的感受。由此可知，本文是一篇书评。故选D。
【名校模拟五：写作意图题】
（2024·陕西宝鸡·三模）A shadowy figure sits alone in a room, his face dimly lit by a computer screen.
With a grin, he types in a series of computer commands, and in the blink of an eye, someone’s bank account is
drained to zero.
In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times per day. Hackers can steal money,
information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in the world. However, not all hackers are
villains.
Some hackers, called white hat or ethical hackers, are individuals who make the most of their hacking skills
to identify security vulnerabilities (漏洞) in hardware, software and networks. Their job is crucial in preventing
cyberattacks and safeguarding sensitive information. The term “white hat” originated from old cowboy movies,
where heroes wore white hats and villains wore black ones. Like the heroes in cowboy movies, white hats seek to
stop the bad guys and save the day.
White hat hackers only seek vulnerabilities legally, often working on open-source software or with
authorized access to systems. Once these weak spots are identified, companies or individuals can take steps to
prevent serious breaches and losses. White hat hackers use a variety of different techniques to keep the internet
safe. Penetration testing, for example, allows them to mimic cyberattacks and uncover system weaknesses.
Security scanning tools allow white hats to identify holes in a network’s security systems. Simulating denial-of-
service attacks (DoS attacks) helps companies prepare for attacks against their websites.
Many of the world’s top white hat hackers began their journeys on the wrong side of the law. A prime
example is Kevin Mitnick. This notorious hacker once held the title of “most wanted hacker” in the U. S. due to
his cybercriminal activities in 1995. However, after being arrested and spending five years in jail, his life took a
remarkable turn. Mitnick decided to use his hacking skills for ethical purposes, eventually establishing his own
cybersecurity consulting company.
If you aspire to be a white hat hacker, start by building a strong foundation in computer and network
fundamentals. Good luck, computer cowboy!
1．What does the underlined word “villains” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．evil-doers. B．heroes. C．attackers. D．victims.
2．What can we learn about white hat hackers?
A．They wear white hats in cowboy movies.
B．They do everything to safeguard people’s information.
C．They legally use their professional skills to help people.
D．They find vulnerabilities for personal gain without doing harm.
3．People skilled in computer and network can’t be top white hat hackers unless ______.
A．they obey the law
B．they identify security weak points
C．they take measures to stop serious losses
D．they build their own cybersecurity consulting companies4．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To teach us how to stay secure online.
B．To tell us how to be top white hackers.
C．To warn us of the dangers of cyberattacks.
D．To introduce defenders of the digital world.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在数字时代充分利用黑客技能来捍卫数字世界安全的“白帽
黑客”。
1．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的“In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of
times per day. Hackers can steal money, information, or completely take control of a machine from
anywhere in the world. (在当今的数字时代，这样的网络攻击每天都会发生数千次。黑客可以从世界任何
地方窃取金钱、信息，或者完全控制一台机器。)”可知，在当今数字时代，很多黑客从世界的任何期房窃
取金钱、信息或者是控制一台机器，由此可知，黑客作者一些不好的事情，结合 however可知，划线单
词所在的句子表示的内容与上文为转折关系，所以此处表示的是不是所有的黑客都是做不好的事情的人
由此可知，划线单词的意思与“做不好事情的人”的意义相近，A项“evil-doers”（作恶者）与其意思相
近。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“White hat hackers only seek vulnerabilities legally, often working on
open-source software or with authorized access to systems. Once these weak spots are identified, companies
or individuals can take steps to prevent serious breaches and losses. (白帽黑客只通过合法途径寻找漏洞，
他们通常利用开源软件或获得系统访问权限。一旦发现了这些弱点，公司或个人就可以采取措施防止严
重的违规和损失。)”可知，白帽黑客一般都是采用合法的途径进入系统，去发现系统的弱点，以便采取措
施防止严重的违规和损失，由此可知，白帽黑客是合法地使用他们的专业技能来帮助人们。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Many of the world’s top white hat hackers began their journeys
on the wrong side of the law.(世界上许多顶级的白帽黑客都是从违法开始他们的旅程的。)”可知，很多顶
级的白帽黑客都是从违法开始自己的旅程，由此可知，精通计算机和网络的人不可能成为顶级白帽黑客
的前提是要遵守法律，否则就会成为违法者。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In today’s digital age, cyberattacks like this happen thousands of times
per day. Hackers can steal money, information, or completely take control of a machine from anywhere in
the world. (在当今的数字时代，这样的网络攻击每天都会发生数千次。黑客可以从世界任何地方窃取金
钱、信息，或者完全控制一台机器。)”可知，在当今数字时代，黑客经常攻击网络，做一些危害世界人们
的事情，结合下文中的“”However, not all hackers are villains.(然而，并非所有黑客都是坏人。)以及下
文介绍的白帽黑客的特点以及在保护数字世界安全方面的作用可知，本文的目的是介绍数字世界安全的
捍卫者——白帽黑客。故选D项。
（2024·贵州毕节·三模）When we came across a troublesome problem, we often gather a group to
brainstorm. However, plenty of evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize
collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams, we’d better turn to a process called “brainwriting”. You start by
asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately. Next, you collect them and share
them among the group without telling the authors. Then, each member evaluates them on his or her own, only
after which the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options. By developing
and assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them, the team can surface and advancepossibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile. Given
the urgency of the situation, the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions. Rather, they established a global
brainwriting system to generate individual ideas. A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone.
This specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners, making it possible to
save them.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this
method works. They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation. In brainstorming
meetings, its too easy for participation to become one-sided in favor of the loudest voices. The brainwriting
process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation. The goal isn’t to
be the smartest person in the room. It’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity, but it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a
greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means they not only come up with more
brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas. Therefore, it takes collective judgment to find the signal in
the noise and bring out the best ideas.
5．What’s the purpose of brainwriting?
A．To discover the hidden potential in teams.B．To minimize collective intelligence.
C．To use thinkers’ brains separately. D．To develop and assess ideas individually.
6．What may help to save the miners in Chile?
A．Brainstorming sessions. B．The urgency of the situation.
C．A tiny plastic telephone. D．Researchers from universities.
7．What do the underlined words “this method” refer to?
A．Brainstorming B．Balanced participation.
C．Collective intelligence. D．Brainwriting
8．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．What is brainwriting. B．How best ideas occur.
C．Why brainwriting is good. D．Where best ideas are.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为“脑力写作”的团队创意生成方法。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“To unearth the hidden potential in teams, we’d better turn to a process
called “brainwriting”. (为了发掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好采用一种叫做“脑力写作”的方法。)”可知，
脑力写作的目的是为了挖掘团队的潜在能力。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段中“ A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone. This
specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners, making it possible to
save them.( 一位24岁的工程师发明了一个微型塑料电话。这个专门的工具最终成为与矿工沟通的唯一手
段，使拯救他们成为可能。)”可知，智利矿工救援的例子中，一个24岁的工程师提出的小塑料电话成为
了与被困矿工沟通的唯一手段，从而有助于救援成功。故选C。
7．词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced
participation. In brainstorming meetings, its too easy for participation to become one-sided in favor of the
loudest voices. The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are
brought into conversation. (他们发现，集体智慧的关键在于均衡的参与。在头脑风暴会议中，参与者很容易偏向声音最大的一方。脑力写作的过程确保了所有的想法都被提上了台面，所有的声音都被带入了对
话。)”此处强调的是脑力写作如何确保所有想法都能被提出并参与讨论即对“脑力写作”方法的具体解释。
故划线词指代的是“脑力写作”。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity, but it doesn’t end
there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means
they not only come up with more brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas. Therefore, it takes
collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring out the best ideas.( 集体智慧始于个人创造力，
但并不止于此。当个人独自工作时，他们会产生更多数量和种类的新想法。这意味着他们不仅能想出比
团队更好的主意，而且也能想出更糟糕的主意。因此，需要集体判断才能在噪音中找到信号，并提出最
好的想法。)”可知，最后一段主要讨论了集体智慧是如何开始于个体创造力，但并不止步于此，个体在
独自工作时能产生更多新颖的想法，但同时也可能产生一些糟糕的想法，因此需要集体判断来筛选出最
佳想法即最佳想法是如何产生的。故选B。
（2024·山东·三模）Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award Quiet Trail to the
Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world after Cuifeng Lake Trail,
Taiwan. Kalli Kieborz, Director of Niobrara Council, received the award for their assistance in managing and
protecting its natural resources, including natural quiet, since 1997.
This Award concluded a two-year process that included exploring the full length of the river to collect
qualitative and quantitative acoustic (听觉的) data. Gordon Hempton, cofounder of QPI, stated, “Our testing
process is very exact. Beyond collecting standard acoustic data, each team member must agree unhesitatingly that
natural quiet existed throughout the testing period. The river’s splendid geologic landscape, unusual atmospheric
conditions and outstanding wildlife all contributed to a positive outcome.”
The Niobrara River is notable for its beauty, ecological importance, and recreational appeal in the northern
Great Plains, U.S.. Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River valley, resulting in a special
mix of more than 160 plant and animal species. “It is filled with unique, even one-of-a-kind opportunities for the
curious and adventurous visitors,” said John Ricks, Nebraska Tourism director.
“97% of the U.S. population faces noise pollution from sources like flights and highways. In fact, the more
quiet we have, the more we can see and hear about the world, so we are thrilled to be able to offer it at Niobrara
National Scenic River. From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers what cannot be enjoyed in
many other places,” stated Susan Cook, another director.
Areas like the Niobrara National Scenic River offer an opportunity to showcase quiet, unspoiled areas in a
noisy world. Today, as people’s life is overloaded with noise, the intentional seeking-out of quiet areas is on the
rise and with it, the opportunity to engage new travelers in visiting the beautiful, yet still largely hidden treasure of
the wild.
9．Which of the following best describes the testing process?
A．Flexible. B．Reliable. C．Simple. D．Loose.
10．What is a consequence of ecosystems meeting in the valley?
A．Ecology imbalance. B．Biodiversity enrichment.
C．Species competition. D．Tourism boost.
11．What does Susan Cook highlight in paragraph 4?
A．The joy of winning the award. B．The outcome of noise pollution.
C．The activities of enjoying quiet. D．The value of natural quiet.12．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To call on efforts to reconnect with nature.
B．To inform the recognition of a quiet river.
C．To display the challenges of protecting ecosystem.
D．To stress the need to escape busyness of modern life.
【答案】9．B 10．B 11．D 12．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了美国内布拉斯加州的一条河流获得了“安静公园国际组织”颁
发的“安静小径奖”，并介绍了这条河流的特点和价值。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Our testing process is very exact.(我们的测试过程非常精确。)”可知测
试过程非常精确，可推理出这个测试过程是非常可靠的。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Six major ecosystems meet in the Niobrara National Scenic River
valley, resulting in a special mix of more than 160 plant and animal species.(六个主要的生态系统在尼欧布
拉拉国家风景河流域交汇，形成了一个由 160 多种动植物组成的特殊混合体。)”可知，生态系统在山谷
中的交汇导致了生物多样性的丰富。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“From a quiet starry night to peaceful natural escapes, it uncovers
what cannot be enjoyed in many other places(从宁静的星空夜晚到宁静的自然逃亡，它揭示了在许多其他
地方无法享受的东西)”可知，Susan Cook 强调了自然安静的价值。故答案为 D。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Quiet Parks International (QPI) have got every reason to award
Quiet Trail to the Niobrara National Scenic River this year, making it the other Quiet Trail in the world
after Cuifeng Lake Trail, Taiwan.(安静公园国际组织（QPI）有充分的理由将安静小径奖授予尼欧布拉拉
国家风景河流，使其成为继台湾翠峰湖小径之后世界上另一条安静小径。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的
是为了告知一条安静的河流获得了认可。故选B。
【名校模拟六：活动评价题】
（2024·河南郑州·三模）The public footpath lay barely 20 meters from where I stood, promising a walk
along the river, passing fields and through woodland, well away from any road. Yet there was something in my
way — the River Thames, whose water runs very fast.
I checked my map to see how to reach the path, but there was no other footpath that would lead me to the
island on which it sat. It was only accessible by boat.
It was this path that came to mind when, a few weeks later, I decided to try cross-country swimming, which
combines water and walking.
As I got into the river — its coolness was welcome on the warm August day — the weight of my supplies
dissipated. My back was free, and I simply pulled everything I needed in a bag behind me, feeling almost
weightless. I relaxed into the water, my hair flowing around my face as I slowly floated alongside dragonflies, a
moorhen (黑水鸡) and her chicks-none of which seemed to even acknowledge my presence.
The whole experience went by all too quickly and in no time I was drying off and walking back to the
station. Though cross-country swimming was invented to provide a challenge, I believed it had given me
something much more important — the confidence to try it by myself.
So I decided to return to my inaccessible island, the footpath by the Thames. I got into the waterway and
swam, exploring the island’s banks for a while. After 5 minutes of searching, the island let me in: I found my
entrance point alongside a tree and pulled myself out.
Though the Thames loop wasn’t that long a walk, and the swim was not too big a challenge, it representedmore than that. It gave me the chance to pioneer a new route never open to me before, the opportunity to reach a
picnic spot that otherwise would have been off limits and, when it came to that footpath, the ability to access the
previously inaccessible.
1．What initially prevented the author from reaching the public footpath?
A．Overgrown fields. B．A thick woodland.
C．A fast-flowing river. D．A lack of road map.
2．What does the underlined word “dissipated” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Spread. B．Remained. C．Disappeared. D．Increased.
3．Which word best describes the author’s cross-country swimming experience?
A．Thrilling. B．Encouraging. C．Embarrassing. D．Disappointing.
4．What does finding the footpath to the island mean to the author?
A．An escape from the real world. B．A chance to get close to nature.
C．A mental and physical pressure. D．A symbol of personal achievement.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一次越野游泳经历，这次经历带给了作者自信心，找到了
个人的成就感。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Yet there was something in my way — the River Thames, whose
water runs very fast.(然而有一样东西挡住了我的去路——泰晤士河，它的水流得很快。)”可知，最初是
湍急的河流阻碍了作者到达公共人行道。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句“My back was free, and I simply pulled everything I needed in a bag
behind me, feeling almost weightless.(我的背部是自由的，我只是把我需要的东西放在我身后的一个袋子
里，感觉几乎没有重量。)”可知，此处是指补给的重量消失了，所以dissipated意为“消失”。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Though cross-country swimming was invented to provide a
challenge, I believed it had given me something much more important — the confidence to try it by myself.
(虽然发明越野游泳是为了提供挑战，但我相信它给了我更重要的东西——自己尝试的信心。)”可知，作
者的越野游泳经历是很激励人心的。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“It gave me the chance to pioneer a new route never open to me
before, the opportunity to reach a picnic spot that otherwise would have been off limits and, when it came
to that footpath, the ability to access the previously inaccessible.(它让我有机会开拓一条以前从未向我开放
的新路线，让我有机会到达一个野餐的地方，否则这将是禁区，当它来到那条小径时，我有能力进入以
前无法进入的地方。)”可知，找到通往小岛的小径对作者来说意味着个人的成就。故选D。
（2024·四川南充·三模）Mountain lions are not commonly thought of as animals that swim well. But at
least for one adventurous cat, that couldn’t be further from the truth. A new study recorded a young male mountain
lion paddling (划水) two - thirds of a mile from the mainland of Washington State to an uninhabited island in
Puget Sound. The GPS-collared mountain lion, known as Nolan, took a winding path through the suburbs of
Olympia, and along the coast, before taking to the sea.
The researchers also combed through historical records and found evidence of mountain lions inhabiting an
additional four islands outside of the range of this youngster’s swim, all of over a mile from shore or the nearest
island. This suggests the animals can swim even farther at times, perhaps close to a mile and a quarter. Young
male mountain lions often undertake difficult and long journeys in search of new territory, as was the case for
Nolan.“We’re redefining the mountain lion in our minds as an animal that can swim and is willing to swim,” says
study co-author Mark Elbroch. “Water shouldn’t be seen as a barrier to movement to any large animal.” In Brazil’s
Pantanal, mountain lions regularly swim in the vast wetland during the wet season. In 2010, Elbroch and his
colleagues documented a tagged cat repeatedly swimming across a large lake in Chilean Patagonia to eat domestic
sheep on an island, swimming 0.6 miles at a time.
Since mountain lion numbers are much lower than they once were and the animals avoid people, behaviors
like swimming remain underappreciated, experts say.
National Geographic Explorer Audra Huffmeyer agrees. While she wasn’t surprised that mountain lions can
island-hop in the Salish Sea, “the distances covered are incredible... the capacity of large mountain lions to get to
extreme habitats is pretty amazing”.
Nolan’s journey and all the data collected will help land managers understand where mountain lions travel,
and help identify corridors (走廊) that need to be protected, says Jim Williams, a biologist. And the Olympic
Peninsula certainly needs such guidance and protection, as its mountain lions have the lowest genetic diversity of
any in the area, records show.
5．Why did Nolan swim long distances?
A．To seek its partners. B．To reach a new habitat.
C．To hide from humans. D．To adapt to the wet climate.
6．How does the author support the underlined statement in Paragraph 3?
A．By presenting the research record. B．By providing numerous data.
C．By describing the study process. D．By quoting experts’ opinions.
7．What does Huffmeyer think of mountain lions’swimming ability?
A．Common. B．Limited. C．Unbelievable. D．Changeable.
8．What does the author intend to show in the last paragraph?
A．The advice on protecting mountain lions.
B．The threats mountain lions meet along their routes.
C．The corridors where mountain lions choose to travel.
D．The significance of the findings about mountain lions.
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现美洲狮具有惊人的游泳能力，能够跨越长距离到达
新栖息地，这一发现有助于保护工作。
5．细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“Young male mountain lions often undertake difficult and long
journeys in search of new territory, as was the case for Nolan.(年轻的雄性美洲狮经常进行艰难而漫长的旅
程来寻找新的领地，诺兰就是这样)”可知，Nolan 游过长距离是为了到达一个新的栖息地。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段的划线句子“Water shouldn’t be seen as a barrier to movement to any large
animal.(水不应被视为任何大型动物活动的障碍)”以及下文“In Brazil’s Pantanal, mountain lions
regularly swim in the vast wetland during the wet season. In 2010, Elbroch and his colleagues documented
a tagged cat repeatedly swimming across a large lake in Chilean Patagonia to eat domestic sheep on an
island, swimming 0.6 miles at a time.(在巴西的潘塔纳尔，美洲狮在雨季经常在广阔的湿地中游泳。2010
年，Elbroch和他的同事记录了一只带标签的美洲狮在智利巴塔哥尼亚的一个大湖上反复游动，在岛上吃
家羊，一次游0.6英里。)”可知，作者引用了研究者Elbroch和他的同事观察美洲狮的记录，说明美洲狮
确实有游泳的行为习惯。由此可推知，作者通过展示研究记录来支持这一观点。故选A。7．推理判断题。 根据第五段中 Audra Huffmeyer的表述“While she wasn’t surprised that mountain
lions can island-hop in the Salish Sea, “the distances covered are incredible... the capacity of large mountain
lions to get to extreme habitats is pretty amazing”.(虽然她对美洲狮能在萨利希海跳岛并不感到惊讶，但
“所走的距离令人难以置信……大型美洲狮到达极端栖息地的能力非常惊人”)”可推知，Audra
Huffmeyer认为美洲狮的游泳能力和所覆盖的距离是令人难以置信的。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中 Jim Williams提到的“Nolan’s journey and all the data collected will
help land managers understand where mountain lions travel, and help identify corridors (走廊) that need
to be protected, says Jim Williams, a biologist.(生物学家吉姆·威廉姆斯说，诺兰的旅程和收集的所有数据
将有助于土地管理者了解美洲狮的旅行地点，并有助于确定需要保护的走廊。)”可知，作者想要在最后一
段展示的是关于美洲狮的研究发现的重要性。故选D。
（2024·山西晋城·模拟预测）Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives. And they
may have a point, given how countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary
form of communication. It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips
(微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted into our
brains that call interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction,
but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via
computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even
predict the abnormal neurological (神经病学的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted
devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like-Parkinson’s disease, and
is even being looked into for illnesses like depression.
However, it’s another thing to place such devices in health y individuals. There are the practical concerns,
not least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive
chemicals and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert (静止的) enough to not upset the delicate
processes by their presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them. Current
technology has made impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need
to be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain? A surprising 60 per
cent of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theoretical. In reality, the possibility of
having strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions
get mad at fictional microchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.
Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away from us.
9．What’s the function of the first paragraph?
A．A summary of the article. B．An introduction to the main topic.
C．An overview of the whole article. D．An argument over the main topic.
10．What does the underlined word “implanted” mean in paragraph 2?
A．To put something into someone’s body by an operation.
B．To design something new over a period of time.
C．To prevent something from changing rapidly.
D．To get rid of something steadily.11．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A．The process of human-computer interaction.
B．The possible treatment for particular diseases.
C．The future of microchips and devices alike.
D．The existing application of microchip implants.
12．Which word can best describe the technology of computer-brain interface implants?
A．Imaginary. B．Practical. C．Unfulfilled. D．Impossible.
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了将微芯片植入人脑以与计算机交互的可能性、现有应用、
挑战与前景，以及人们对这一技术的接受度。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中“There are computer microchips (微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light
switches, even our pets! (我们的手表、汽车、电灯开关、甚至我们的宠物里都有计算机微芯片！)”可知，
第一段提到电脑芯片在人们日常生活中已经是普遍存在，从这些事实引发思考：“Where will it end? (它
将在哪里结束？)”，从而引出本文的话题：将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via
computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains. (由于能够通过计算机远程
发送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相关设备早就被植入大脑。)”可知，微芯片是被植入大脑，与A选项
“通过手术把某物放入某人体内。”意思相近。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via
computers, microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains. (由于能够通过计算机远程
发送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相关设备早就被植入大脑。)”和第三段“For example, electrodes have
been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal
neurological (神经病学的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause
activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like -Parkinson’s disease, and is even
being looked into for illnesses like depression. (例如，电极被植入癫痫患者的大脑中，以更好地记录甚至
预测异常的神经活动。同样，通过植入设备引起大脑关键区域活动的脑深部刺激，是治疗帕金森病等疾
病的既定治疗方法，甚至正在研究治疗抑郁症等疾病。)”可知，这些例子表明微芯片植入技术已经有了实
际的应用案例，作者想通过例子说明微芯片植入的现有应用。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface (接口)
implants is still far away from us. (最终，计算机-大脑接口植入技术离我们还很遥远。)”可知，计算机与
大脑接口植入技术还未实现。故选C。
【名校模拟七：写作手法题】
（2024·山西·模拟预测）Debate about artificial intelligence (AI) tends to focus on its potential dangers:
algorithmic (算法) discrimination,the mass destruction of jobs and even, some say, the extinction of humanity. As
some observers worry, however, others are focusing on the potential rewards. AI could, they claim, help humanity
solve some of its biggest and toughest problems. And, they say, AI will do this in a very specific way: by speeding
the pace of scientific discovery, especially in areas such as medicine, climate science and green technology.
Such claims are worth examining, and may head off fears about large-scale unemployment and killer
robots. Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely praised as panaceas (灵丹妙药). The electric
telegraph was praised in the 1850s as a sign of world peace. Experts in the 1990s said the internet would reduce
inequality.But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems has a stronger historical basis,
because there have been several periods in history when new approaches and new tools did help bring about bursts
of world-changing scientific discovery and innovation.
In the 17th century microscopes and telescopes opened up new vistas of discovery, while the introduction
of scientific journals gave researchers new ways to share their findings. From the mid-20th century,computers in
turn have enabled new forms of science based on simulation and modelling, from the design of weapons and
aircraft to more accurate weather forecasting.
And the computer revolution may not be finished yet. As is reported, AI tools and techniques are now being
applied in almost every field of science, though the degree of adoption varies widely. 7.2% of the published papers
on physics and astronomy last year involved AI. AI is being employed in many ways. It can identify promising
candidates for analysis, such as molecules (分子) with particular properties in drug discovery,or materials with the
characteristics needed in batteries or solar cells.
All these are to be welcomed. But the journal and the laboratory went further still: they altered scientific
practice itself and unlocked more powerful means of making discoveries. AI has the potential to set off such a
transformation.
1．How does paragraph 1 mainly develop?
A．By providing evidence.
B．By making comparison.
C．By making classification.
D．By analyzing causes and effects.
2．What’s the author’s attitude towards the experts’ opinion in the 1990s?
A．Optimistic.
B．Objective.
C．Disapproving.
D．Unconcerned.
3．What does the author want to express in paragraph 4?
A．Scientific journals bring about successful data analysis.
B．Scientific journals and computers remove people’s discrimination.
C．Scientific discovery and innovation have some potential problems.
D．Scientific great progresses benefit from new approaches and new tools.
4．What is the best title for the text?
A．How AI Greatly Changes Science
B．Why AI Decides Human Beings’ Future
C．When Human Beings No Longer Fear AI
D．Where AI Performs Better in Scientific Fields
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。人工智能正在以前所未有的方式塑造科学领域。从提出新的研究假设到加
速研究进程，人工智能的加入为科学带来了巨大的潜力。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Debate about artificial intelligence (AI) tends to focus on its potential
dangers: algorithmic (算法) discrimination,the mass destruction of jobs and even, some say, the extinction
of humanity. As some observers worry, however, others are focusing on the potential rewards. AI could,they claim, help humanity solve some of its biggest and toughest problems. And, they say, AI will do this in
a very specific way: by speeding the pace of scientific discovery, especially in areas such as medicine,
climate science and green technology.(关于人工智能(AI)的争论往往集中在它的潜在危险上：算法歧视、
就业机会的大规模破坏，甚至有人说，人类的灭绝。然而，正如一些观察人士担心的那样，其他人关注
的是潜在的回报。他们声称，人工智能可以帮助人类解决一些最大、最棘手的问题。他们还表示，人工
智能将以一种非常具体的方式实现这一目标：加速科学发现的步伐，尤其是在医学、气候科学和绿色技
术等领域)”可知，本段主要介绍两种关于人工智能截然不同的看法，因此第一段主要通过作比较展开的。
故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Many previous technologies have, of course, been falsely praised as
panaceas (灵丹妙药).(当然，以前的许多技术都被错误地称赞为灵丹妙药)”可推知，作者对20世纪90年
代专家的观点持不赞成的态度。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“But the mechanism by which AI will supposedly solve the world’s problems
has a stronger historical basis, because there have been several periods in history when new approaches
and new tools did help bring about bursts of world-changing scientific discovery and innovation.(但人工智
能解决世界问题的机制有更强大的历史基础，因为在历史上有几个时期，新方法和新工具确实帮助带来
了改变世界的科学发现和创新)”以及第四段“In the 17th century microscopes and telescopes opened up
new vistas of discovery, while the introduction of scientific journals gave researchers new ways to share
their findings. From the mid-20th century,computers in turn have enabled new forms of science based on
simulation and modelling, from the design of weapons and aircraft to more accurate weather forecasting.
(在17世纪，显微镜和望远镜打开了发现的新视野，而科学期刊的引入为研究人员提供了分享发现的新途
径。从20世纪中期开始，计算机反过来又使基于模拟和建模的新形式的科学成为可能，从武器和飞机的
设计到更准确的天气预报)”可知，在第四段，作者通过举例旨在表达科学的伟大进步得益于新方法和新工
具的使用。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“AI could, they claim, help humanity solve some of its biggest and toughest
problems. And, they say, AI will do this in a very specific way: by speeding the pace of scientific discovery,
especially in areas such as medicine, climate science and green technology.(他们声称，人工智能可以帮助人
类解决一些最大、最棘手的问题。他们还表示，人工智能将以一种非常具体的方式实现这一目标：加速
科学发现的步伐，尤其是在医学、气候科学和绿色技术等领域)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了人工
智能正在以前所未有的方式塑造科学领域。从提出新的研究假设到加速研究进程，人工智能的加入为科
学带来了巨大的潜力，所以A项“How AI Greatly Changes Science(人工智能如何极大地改变科学)”是本
文最好的标题。故选A项。
（2024·湖南长沙·一模）Boxing Day is an institution in the British calendar, but there is no common
consensus as to how it got its name. According to some, it can be traced back to the Victorian era when churches
often displayed a box into which their parishioners (教区居民) put donations.
However, according to historian Dr Neil Armstrong, the naming of Boxing Day dates back to the 17th
century. This was the day, he said, when apprentices would have a box for their employers to tip them a coin or
two. While the boxes may have disappeared, the custom of tipping has remained.
In the Victorian age, the custom evolved. On Boxing Day, most tradespeople would give their clients a gift
to ensure their custom. There were concerns, said Dr Armstrong, that this was a form of bribery (行贿). This
custom declined in the 20th century as fewer people had relationships with their local businesses and shopsfollowing the rise of supermarkets and shopping centres.
“It may not be the reason why Boxing Day got its name, but charitable giving was closely associated with
Boxing Day in the Victorian era, "said Dr Armstrong. "In the mid-19th century there began to be indiscriminate
(随意的) charitable giving. This would often be begging, and children were usually sent out to do this job.”
Nevertheless, the habit of generous charitable giving has continued to be associated with the festive period up to
the present day.
Boxing Day continued, however, to be a normal working day until 1871, when it was finally classed as a
public holiday. "They would often be working until very late on Christmas Eve, so they wanted a break on Boxing
Day, "Dr Armstrong said. Then it became known as a day of leisure. Organised sporting events such as football
matches became popular—a tradition which has carried on until today.
Boxing Day is observed in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and some
other Commonwealth nations. In America, December 26 is known as the Day after Christmas Day, and is
observed as a holiday in only a few states.
5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “institution” in the first paragraph?
A．Charity system. B．Unpopular festival.
C．Local organization. D．Social convention.
6．How is the passage mainly developed?
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By following time order. D．By making classification.
7．According to the passage, why did the Boxing Day custom of giving gifts decline in the 20th century?
A．Because of the indifferent relationships between people.
B．Because of the rise of supermarkets and shopping centres.
C．Because of a strict policy, which banned this form of bribery.
D．Because of the decrease in the number of tradespeople.
8．What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A．To explain the origin of Boxing Day.
B．To explain how people celebrate Boxing Day.
C．To show that Boxing Day is named after a church donation box.
D．To advise people to celebrate Boxing Day.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了“节礼日”的名字起源、发展过程以及现状。
5．词句猜测题。根据第一段“According to some, it can be traced back to the Victorian era when
churches often displayed a box into which their parishioners (教区居民) put donations ”（根据一些人的说
法，它可以追溯到维多利亚时代，当时教堂经常展示一个盒子，他们的教区居民把捐款放进盒子里。）
可知，节礼日是一个社会习俗。故划线词的意思是“社会习俗”。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据文中的“the 17th century；in the Victorian era；until 1871；in the 20th century；
on until today”可知，短文是按照时间顺序展开的。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“This custom declined in the 20th century as fewer people had relationships
with their local businesses and shops following the rise of supermarkets and shopping centres.”（ 20世纪，
随着超市和购物中心的兴起，与当地企业和商店打交道的人越来越少，这种习俗逐渐消失。）可知，根
据文章，节礼日送礼的习俗在20世纪衰落是因为超市和购物中心的兴起。故选B项。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Boxing Day is an institution in the British calendar, but there is no common
consensus as to how it got its name.”（节礼日是英国日历上的一个节日，但关于它的名字是如何得来的，
人们并没有一致的看法。）以及下文对节日的介绍可知，短文目的是解释节礼日的起源。故选A项。
（2024·宁夏银川·二模）From May to October in the southeastern US, five species of turtles, from
loggerheads to Kemp’s ridley, crawl (爬行) ashore under the cover of night to lay their eggs on the very beach
they were born. During this time, thousands of turtle-loving volunteers comb the shorelines looking for the turtles’
tracks as part of an ongoing effort to gather population data and protect the nests.
However, it’s not easy to detect turtle eggs as female turtles frequently make “false crawls”, climbing out of
the water but returning without laying eggs. And since sea turtles disturb huge areas of sand to hide their nests
from predators (捕食者), human monitors are often left guessing where the eggs are.
Now, a new study suggests man’s best friend can do it better. A smell-detecting dog named Dory found the
location of sea turtle eggs more accurately than human volunteers, according to a recent study led by Rebekah
Lindborg, a conservationist with Disney’s Animals, Science, and Environment division.
Lindborg teamed up with Pepe Peruyero, a dog behaviorist who has trained smell-detecting dogs for over
20 years. Peruyero selected a rescue dog named Dory, a two-year-old terrier mix found wandering along a Florida
highway, as the project’s poster dog.
Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach, Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at
the smell of “cloacal mucus”, a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her
handler. Then, the team convinced the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission to allow a friendly
competition. During the peak nesting seasons, two groups went around a stretch of shoreline about five miles long
in Vero Beach, Florida.
The terrier identified 560 sea turtle nests from three species, while people found only 256. Dory was also
significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug,
Lindborg reports. And while human volunteers couldn’t find the eggs in 14.8% of nests, Dory only failed to
deliver 5.7% of the time. “Dory has a keen nose for turtles, and this could be a game changer,” said Lindborg.
9．How do female turtles make egg detection more difficult?
A．They make misleading tracks in the sand.
B．They destroy their eggs deliberately.
C．They put their eggs in the water.
D．They build nests everywhere.
10．What is most helpful for Dory in finding turtle nests?
A．The nature of digging.
B．The sense of competition.
C．The warning from its trainer.
D．The matter on a turtle’s newly laid eggs.
11．How is paragraph 6 mainly developed?
A．By giving examples. B．By describing courses.
C．By making comparisons. D．By offering explanations.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．The kindness of a man who protects turtle nests.
B．A dog that can find turtle nests successfully.C．The difficulty of building turtle nests.
D．A new discovery about turtle nests
【答案】9．A 10．D 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于利用探测犬寻找海龟巢穴的研究。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“However, it’s not easy to detect turtle eggs as female turtles frequently make
“false crawls”, climbing out of the water but returning without laying eggs. And since sea turtles disturb
huge areas of sand to hide their nests from predators (捕食者), human monitors are often left guessing
where the eggs are.（然而，要发现海龟蛋并不容易，因为雌性海龟经常会“假爬”，爬出水面但又回来
而不产卵。由于海龟会扰乱大片沙地，以隐藏它们的巢穴以躲避捕食者，人类监控人员常常只能猜测海
龟蛋的位置。）”可知，雌性海龟通过在沙子上留下误导性的足迹使蛋检测变得更加困难。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段“Over months of training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach,
Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of “cloacal mucus”, a sticky matter that coats a sea
turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler. （Peruyero在一个50 * 50平方英尺的人工海滩上
训练了几个月，训练多莉对“排泄粘液”的气味发出警报，这是一种粘在海龟新产下的蛋上的粘性物质
林德伯格是她的训练员）”可知，对多莉发现海龟巢最有帮助的是蛋上的粘性物质。故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The terrier identified 560 sea turtle nests from three species, while
people found only 256. Dory was also significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs,
greatly reducing the number of holes dug, Lindborg reports. And while human volunteers couldn’t find the
eggs in 14.8% of nests, Dory only failed to deliver 5.7% of the time. “Dory has a keen nose for turtles, and
this could be a game changer,” said Lindborg.（多莉发现了来自三个物种的 560 个海龟巢，而人们只发
现了 256 个。据 Lindborg 报告，多莉在选择挖蛋位置方面也明显优于人类，从而大大减少了挖洞的数
量。虽然人类志愿者在 14.8% 的巢中找不到蛋，但多莉未能产卵的情况只有 5.7%。“多莉对海龟有着
敏锐的嗅觉，这可能会改变游戏规则，”林德伯格说。）”可知，第 6段主要是通过探测狗多莉和人类
搜索海龟蛋对比展开。故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Now, a new study suggests man’s best friend can do it better. A smell-
detecting dog named Dory found the location of sea turtle eggs more accurately than human volunteers,
according to a recent study led by Rebekah Lindborg, a conservationist with Disney’s Animals, Science, and
Environment division.(现在，一项新的研究表明，人类最好的朋友（狗）可以做得更好。迪士尼动物、科
学和环境部门的自然资源保护主义者丽贝卡·林德伯格 (Rebekah Lindborg) 最近领导的一项研究显示，
一只名叫多莉 (Dory) 的嗅觉狗比人类志愿者更准确地发现了海龟蛋的位置)”、第五段“Over months of
training on a 50-by-50-square-foot artificial beach. Peruyero trained Dory to alert (警觉) at the smell of
‘cloacal mucus,’ a sticky matter that coats a sea turtle’s freshly laid eggs, with Lindborg as her handler(经
过数月对50英尺见方的人造沙滩的训练，多莉被训练成会对“泄殖腔粘液”的气味保持警觉，这是一种
覆盖在海龟刚产下的蛋上的粘性物质，而林德伯格是她的训练师)”以及最后一段“Dory was also
significantly better than people at choosing where to dig for eggs, greatly reducing the number of holes dug.
( 多莉在选择挖蛋地点方面也比人们优秀得多，大大减少了挖掘的洞的数量。)可知，本文主要介绍了利
用探测犬成功寻找海龟巢穴，故选B项。
