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【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题15 并列句祈使句感叹句十三个考点（讲案）解析版
（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）
目录
一、并列句祈使句感叹句快问快答 P 2
二、并列句祈使句和感叹句考点思维导图 P2
考点清单一、并列句并列关系三种典型用法 P 3
考点清单二、并列句转折关系两种典型用法 P 4
考点清单三、并列句选择关系典型用法归纳 P 5
考点清单四、并列句因果关系典型用法归纳 P 6
考点清单五、并列句 when 句型典型用法归纳 P 6
考点清单六、Do 型祈使句典型用法归纳 P 7
考点清单七、Don’t/Never 型祈使句典型用法 P 7
考点清单八、Let 型祈使句典型用法归纳 P 8
考点清单九、No 型祈使句典型用法归纳 P 8
考点清单十、有主语祈使句典型用法归纳 P 8
考点清单十一、“祈使句+and/or+主句” 典型用法 P 9
考点清单十二、what 引导的感叹句典型用法 P 10
考点清单十三、how 引导的感叹句典型用法 P 10
分层训练（一）单句填空（高考真题） P1 1
分层训练（二）单句改错（高考真题） P1 4
分层训练（三）并列句祈使句感叹句助力应用文写作升格 P1 5
分层训练（四）语篇运用（外刊原创） P1 6
嫦娥六号任务取得圆满成功 P1 6
一、并列句、祈使句和感叹句快问快答Q1：如何学好并列句？
A1：并列句属于英语三大句型之一，另外还有简单句和复合句。学好并列句一要掌握其基本知识框架，
二要把握高考考向，三要加强训练，查漏补缺。
Q2：如何学好祈使句？
A2：祈使句属于陈述语气，另外还有陈述语气和虚拟语气。学好祈使句，一是掌握基本知识结构，二是
加强训练，查漏补缺。
Q3：如何学好感叹句？
A3：感叹句属于英语特殊句式，还有省略句、倒装句、There be…句型、反意疑问句等。学好感叹句，
既要其知识结构，又要学会在书面表达和读后续写中灵活运用，提升句子表达力。
Q4：学好并列句、祈使句和感叹句有什么意义？
A5：一能化繁为简迅速提高文章阅读能力，二能在书面表达巧妙运用这些特殊句式提升句子表达效果。
二、祈使句、感叹句和并列句考点思维导图考点清单一、并列句并列关系三种典型用法
要点精讲1：
1.并列连词and连接两个或两个以上动词、名词、形容词、副词、动名词或介词短语等。
2.形成“A and B”, “A, B and C”结构。
3.此考点在语法填空、短文改错频繁考查，请予以高度重视。
Tony was scared and began to cry.
A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.
The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty.
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _________ some of them looked very anxious and
disappointed.
2.On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _________(buy)some bananas and visited her cousin.
3.In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, _______ Vietnam, food is
usually eaten with chopsticks.
4. (2017全国III)This included digging up the road, ________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over
the top.
5. (2019 北京)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to
attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and __________(meaning)college
experience.
【答案与解析】
1. and。空格前后是两个简单句，逻辑上构成并列关系。故答案是and。
2.bought。这里是“A, B and C”结构，三个谓语动词并列，形式保持一致，故答案是bought。
3. and。这里是四个名词并列作介词宾语。故答案是and。
4. laying。这里是“A, B and C”结构，三个动名词并列，形式保持一致，故答案是laying。
5. meaningful。这里是“A and B”结构，两个形容词并列，形式保持一致，故答案是meaningful。
要点精讲2：
1.并列连词and用于“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构，表示顺承关系。
2.注意有时祈使句省略动词，变成“名词短语+and+陈述句”。Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.
A bit more effort and you will make great progress.
Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident.
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
6. Find ways to praise your children often, _____ you'll find they will open their hearts to you.
7. One more hour _______ I’ll get the work finished.
8. Don’t turn off the computer before closing all programs ______ you could have problems.
【答案与解析】
6. and。这是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构，表示前后顺承关系。故答案是and。
7. and。这是“名词短语+and+陈述句”结构，表示前后顺承关系。故答案是and。
8. or。这是“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构，or表示“否则，要不的话”。故答案是or。
要点精讲3：
1.both…and…表示“不但……而且……”。
2.not only…but (also)…表示“不但……而且……”，also可以省略。
3.注意连接并列主语，谓语遵循就近一致；
4.若not only…but (also)…连接两个并列分句且not only位于句首，即“前倒后不倒。
5. 即前一分句部分倒装后一分句不倒装。
A frog can live both on land and in water.
Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.
Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
9. Not only has the activity developed our creative thinking, ________it has strengthened our sense of
responsibility.
10. Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also ________(give) us a sense of fair play and
team spirit.
【答案与解析】
9. but。not only…but (also)…表示“不但……而且……”，also可以省略。故答案是but。
10. gives。not only…but (also)…这里连接并列谓语，Playing football作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是
gives。
考点清单二、并列句转折关系两种典型用法
要点精讲1：
1.连词but, yet连接两个分句，前后句在逻辑上构成转折关系。
2.注意although, although, as引导的倒装句不能与but连用。
The composition is all right, but there is room for improvement.
Though the composition is all right, there is room for improvement.
The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词或单句改错。
1. Between the two generations, it is often not their age, _____ their education that causes misunderstanding.
2. Most importantly, remember the following old rule: try to eat different foods, ________not too much.3. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease
or insect attack problems.
【答案与解析】
1. but。本句含有not..but…句型，表示“不是……而是……”。故答案是but。
2. but/yet。后半句意为：尝试吃不同食品，但是不能吃太多。故答案是but/yet。
3. 去掉but。although, although, as引导的倒装句不能与but连用。故答案是去掉but。
要点精讲2：
while/whereas还可以位于句中，表示前后对比，意为“不过，但是”, whereas比较正式。
I like black coffee while he prefers it with milk.
Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
4. I do every single bit of housework ________ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
5. Some people never seem to put on weight________ others are always on a diet.
【答案与解析】
4.while/whereas。while/whereas 还可以位于句中，表示前后对比，意为“不过，但是”。故答案是
while/whereas。
5.while/whereas。while/whereas 还可以位于句中，表示前后对比，意为“不过，但是”。故答案是
while/whereas。
考点清单三、并列句选择关系典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
or, either...or..., not...but.., neither…nor…引导并列句，前后两个分句为选择关系。
But the river wasn't changed in a few days or even a few months.
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.
The main problem is not that the water is too hot, but that it is not clean.
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Would you like a cup of coffee ________ shall we get down to business right away?
2. It is often said that the joy of traveling is ______ in arriving at your destination ______ in the journey itself.
3. It was an extremely dark, lonely country road. Neither a single person ______ any traffic was in sight at all.
4. (2019浙江6月) When the children are walking or ________ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers
can easily see them.
【答案与解析】
1. or。该句意为：你想喝杯茶呢还是立即谈正事呢？前后句逻辑上构成选择关系。故答案是or。
2. not, but。本句含有not…but…句型，表示“不是……而是……”。故答案是not, but。
3. nor。本句含有neither…nor…句型，表示“既不……也不……”。故答案是nor。
4. cycling。本句or引导并列谓语，形式上应保持一致。故答案是cycling。
考点清单四、并列句因果关系典型用法归纳要点精讲：
for, so表因果关系，for连接的分句一般不放在句首。
I apologized to her, for I had wronged her.
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. (2017北京) —Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited. —No problem.
2. I am not afraid of tomorrow, ________ I have seen yesterday and I love today.
3. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _______ plants can spread to new places.
【答案与解析】
1. so。句意：---彼得，请给我们邮寄明信片，这样我们就知道你参观哪些地方。---不成问题。前后句逻
辑上是因果关系。故答案是so。
2. for。句意：我不害怕明天，因为我见识了昨天，因为我喜欢今天。for表示原因。故答案是for。
3. so。句意：一些动物把种子从一地带到另一地，于是种子就传播到新地方。so表示结果。故答案是
so。
考点清单五、并列句when句型典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
when可用作并列连词，相当于 and at this// that time，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，用于下列句式：
①had just done sth. when....表示“刚做完某事，这时发生另一件事”；
②was/were doing sth. when....表示“某人正在做某事，这时发生另一件事”；
③was/were about to do sth. when... 表示“某人正要做某事，这时发生另一件事”；
④was/were on the point of doing sth...when...表示“某人正要做某事, 这时发生另一件事”。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
He was about to go out when the telephone rang.
He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.
【即时训练】在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. He was about to go to bed ________ there was a knock on the door.
2. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away______ my daughter beard cries for help.
3. I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
【答案与解析】
1. when。这是was/were about to do sth. when...句型。故答案是when。
2. when。这是was/were about to do sth. when...句型。故答案是when。
3. when。这是hardly…when…句型，注意主句用过去完成时。故答案是when。
考点清单六、Do型祈使句典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
1.祈使句常常用来表达命令、请求或者建议。
2.它的主语“you”通常省略，并且谓语动词用原形。
3.祈使句的句尾用感叹号或句号，读的时候用降调。
4.表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。Be quiet, please! 请安静！
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！
【即时训练】在空白处填写括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Please do me a favor—__________(invite) my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.
2. Attention! _________(fill) in the form right now, making sure that every detail supplied is accurate.
3. If you're to succeed, __________(devote) to the job after finding the proper way to do it.
【答案与解析】
1. invite。破折号后边是具体内容，应该理解为祈使句，动词原形开头。故答案是invite。
2.Fill。后面making sure…部分作伴随状语，因此前边缺少谓语动词，结合语境应用祈使句。故答案是
Fill。
3. be devoted。If you're to succeed 是状语从句，后边是主句需要谓语动词；be devoted to sth=devote
oneself to sth.。故答案是is。be devoted。
考点清单七、Don’t/Never型祈使句典型用法
要点精讲：
1.在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t，构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。
2.Never开头祈使句语气更强烈。
Don’t ask me when I’m busy! 别在我忙的时候问我！
Never speak like that again. 千万别再那样说话。
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. __________ (speak) with your mouth full of food. It is bad manners to do that.
2. Don’t drink when you drive a car, __________ you?
【答案与解析】
1. Don’t speak。结合语境逻辑上是否定意义，又是祈使句，提出建议或警告。故答案是Don’t speak。
2. will。祈使句构成反意疑问句，后边多用will you或won’t you。陈述部分主句含有否定祈使句，附加
问句应该用肯定形式。故答案是will。
考点清单八、Let型祈使句典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
1.带有第一人称主语的祈使句通常以Let开头，
2.其结构为：Let+me/us+谓语动词原形或Let’s+谓语（动词原形）+其它。
3.注意：Let us不包括说话者，而Let’s则包括说话者。
4.Let’s …结构构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“shall we?”，其余都用“will you? ”。
Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。
Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她，都不要告诉她真相。
Let’s go out and play football. 咱们出去踢足球吧！
Don’t let him disturb us while we are having a meeting. 我们开会时别让他打扰我们。
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或单句改错。1. Let’s take a taxi to save time, _______ we?
2. We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _________you?
3. (2013四川)Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asked me to let her to copy my answers. 改错
【答案与解析】
1. shall。Let’s …构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“shall we?”。故答案是shall。
2. will。Let+me/us+谓语动词原形构成反意疑问句，附加问句用“will you? ”。故答案是will。
3. 去掉第二个to。let sb do sth是固定用法，省略to的不定式短语作宾语补足语。故答案是去掉第二个
to。
考点清单九、No型祈使句典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构，表示“禁止做某事”。
NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!
No parking! 禁止停车！
考点清单十、有主语祈使句典型用法归纳
要点精讲：
1.祈使句的主语通常为第二人称you, 习惯上常常省略。
2.但若要强调主语, 或表示急躁、厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩,
3.或表示向某人请求或发出命令, 祈使句也可带上第二人称you或
4.第三人称one, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody或名词形式的主语。
You mind your own business! 你少管闲事!
You come here, Jack, and you go there, Mary. 杰克你到这边来,玛丽你到那边去。
Someone open the door. 谁去把门打开。
Don’t you open the door. 请你不要开门。
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。
1. –Alice, you feed the bird today, _______you? ---But I fed it yesterday.
2. --Sorry, Joe. I didn’t mean to…
--Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker to you, and ______ you forget it!
【答案与解析】
1. will。结合语境陈述部分是一个有主语祈使句用来安排任务，因此附加问句应用 will you。故答案是
will。
2. don’t。有时为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令，第二人称主语也可以表示出来。构成否定式的
“Don’t” 置于主语“You”之前。“Mr. Parker” 向对方(You)提出要求，请对方(You)不要忘记了对他的
称呼。故答案是don’t。
考点清单十一、“祈使句+and/or+主句”典型用法要点精讲：
1.该句型相当于“if引导的条件状语从句+主句”。
2.and表示顺承关系, or/otherwise表示转折关系。
3.有时该句型中祈使句可以省略为名词词组，意思基本不变。and/or后面用“will +动词原形”。
Leave it with me and I will see what I can do. 把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。
Get round to it or you will lose the golden opportunity. 抓紧点时间， 否则你会错过这个难得的机会的。
A few more minutes, and the work will be finished. 再有几分钟, 这份工作就完成了。
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. Don't be discouraged. ________ (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
2. Start out right away, ________you’ll miss the first train.
3. Let's keep to the point or we ________ (never reach) any decisions.
4. Another hour ________ we will complete the task sent to us.
5. ________ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, you will learn a lot about firefighting.
【答案与解析】
1. Take。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型，祈使句用动词原形开头。故答案是Take。
2. and。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型，前后句是顺承关系。故答案是and。
3. will never reach。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型，and/or后面用“will +动词原形”。故答案是
will never reach。
4. and。这是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型变式，句首祈使句可以省略动词，变成“名词短语+and/or+主
句”，用法不变。故答案是and。
5. Searching。两句之间没有and，因此不是“祈使句+and/or+主句”句型。这里现在分词短语作条件状
语，相对于If you search…。故答案是Searching。
考点清单十二、what 引导的感叹句典型用法
要点精讲1：
1.感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、赞赏和愤怒等情绪。
2.what是感叹形容词，中心词必须是名词，名词前可以有冠词和形容词修饰，
3.注意感叹句用陈述语序。
要点精讲2：What型感叹句有三种类型：
What引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! What a beautiful voice she has! 她的声音多美啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语! What kind doctors they are! 他们是多好的医生啊!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真好呀！
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。
1. ______a strange plant! I've never seen it before.
2._________amazing pictures we took on the beach yesterday!
3. ______good advice he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!
【答案与解析】
1. What。该句是“What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What。2. What。该句是“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What。
3. What。该句是“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!”句式，故答案是What。
考点清单十三、how引导的感叹句典型用法
要点精讲1：
1.how是感叹副词，用作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动。
2.注意感叹句用陈述语序。具体有四种类型。
要点精讲2：How型感叹句有四种类型：
How引导的感叹句典型场合 典型示例
How +形容词+主语+谓语! How beautiful her voice is! 她的声音多美啊!
How+副词+主语+谓语! How beautifully she sings! 她唱得真漂亮！
How+形容词+ a (n)+可数名词单数+主语+谓语! How beautiful a voice she has! 她的声音多美啊!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 光阴如梭！
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。
1. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
2. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
3. The girl must have had a cold. ______ she coughs!
【答案与解析】
1. How, how。两句都是“How+副词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是How, how。
2. How。这是“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是How。
3. How。这是“How+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是How。
要点精讲3：感叹句用于宾语从句
1.感叹句还可以用于宾语从句，
2.从句引导词不变，语序不变，谓语动词时态与整句保持呼应。
You can’t imagine how excited they were when they received Christmas gifts.
你难以想象他们收到圣诞礼物是多么激动呀。
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词。
4. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.
5. The shocking news made me realize _______terrible problems we would face.
【答案与解析】
4. how。宾语从句中education是主语，应采用“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”句式，故答案是how。
5. what。宾语从句中中心词是problems，应采用“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”句式，故
答案是what。
分层训练（一）高考真题
【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2024新课标I卷）…Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ________ see
how Tang’s play was being performed.”
答案：and。
解析：考查连词。句意：…Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动
人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。
2.（2023新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first, releasing the
stream and risking a spill (溢出), 38 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup
explode on your tongue.
答案：or。
解析：考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包
放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
3.（2023新高考II卷）It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 44 to see the pandas
settle into their new home.
答案：and。
解析：考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构
可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是
并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。
4.（2023全国乙卷）It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 65 somehow these two
very different worlds make a good combination.
答案：but。
解析：考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a
distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds
make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。
5.（2023浙江1月卷）During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing arranged
the residential areas according to social classes.
答案：and。
解析：考查连词。句意：在中国的朝代时期，皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结
构可知，planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词，表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
6.（2022新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP is
designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity( 完整性 )of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, __________ leaving behind
precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保
护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填
and。
7.（2022新高考II卷）He hung on for a few minutes ___________ screamed for his father, but his father didn't
hear him.
答案：and
解析：考查并列连词。句意：他坚持了几分钟，尖叫喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子
结构，设空处应该填写连词，连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意，此处表示并列关系。故填
and。
8.（2022 全国乙卷）The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the
ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation
____________ cultural exchanges.
答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词
promote的宾语。故填and。
9. (2022 新高考 II)Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
答案：was fixing
解析：句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的
when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用
过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
10.（2021全国I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the
whole adventure ___________offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
答案：and
解析：考查并列连词。句意为：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并提供
了一个地方,你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。前后是并列关系,所以用and连接,故填and.
11.（2021全国II卷）I found the contact information of the company________ emailed its president.
答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：我找到了这家公司的联系方式，并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和
“emailed”之间是并列关系，用and连接两个并列的谓语动词，所以填and。
12.（2021全国甲卷）We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky
______ did the job.
答案：but
解析：考查连词。句意：我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃，但还可以骑。后文 did the job和前文My bike was
old and shaky之间存在转折关系，故用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。
13.（2021 浙江卷 1 月）Although Mary loved flowers, __________ she nor her husband was known as a
gardener.
答案：neither
解析：考查并列连词。句意：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知，此
处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”，意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
14.（2021浙江卷1月）In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries,
the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier ___ ___ that most of the rise is due to gains in
BMI in rural areas.
答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的
人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people
worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导
的宾语从句，是并列关系，故填and。
15. (2021 浙江 6 月) After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 65
(sell) most of their furniture.
答案：sold
解析：考查动词。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成
分可知，设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语；根据时间状语1861可知，此处用一般过去时态，
提示词sell的过去式形式是sold。故填sold。16.（2020全国III卷）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the
legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ___________ (point) down the river.
答案：pointed
解析: 句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根据
上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
17.（2020年浙江卷1月）It's also that they are on average healthier___65___more productive for longer.
答案：and
解析：考查连词。句意：而且，平均而言，他们更健康，更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文
两个并列短语应用连词and，故填and。
18.（2020 全国 III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ___________
(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
答案： surrounding
解析: 句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the
soft clouds ___________ (surround) the mountain tops是see sb doing结构作宾语补足语，surround在句
中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
19.（2019 全国 II 卷）Irene said," I don't see any reason to give up work. I work not because I have to,
_________because I want to.”
答案：but
解析：考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是
因为我想做。此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是…而是 …”之意，故填but。
20.（2016全国II卷）It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is,
(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
答案：make
解析：考查祈使句。从语境可知这是组成复合句，主句是祈使句，故应用动词原形开头。故填make。
分层训练（二）单句改错
【即时训练】下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。
1.（2023全国甲卷）Miss Zhao told us the names of the insects or described their living habits.
答案：or改为and。
解析：考查连词。句意：赵老师给我们讲了昆虫的名字，并描述了它们的生活习性。此处前后文为并列
关系，应用连词and。故or改为and。
2.（2023全国乙卷）She put the new color on her hair or sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions saying.
答案：or改为and。
解析：考查连词。句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。此处是
并列顺承关系，不存在选择关系。故or改为and。
3.（2022全国甲卷）One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.
答案： or改为and。
解析：考查并列连词。句意：一天，他和我交谈，并且希望修补我们的关系。根据语境，“talked with
me”与“hoped to mend our relations”为顺承、递进关系，用and连接。故将or改为and。
4.（2021全国乙卷）I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whenever necessary.
答案：tidying改为tidy。解析：考查动词。句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时打扫我自己的卧室。分析句子结构以及并列连
词and可知，此处tidy up是并列谓语。根据上文的“water the flowers”可知，句子要使用一般现在时。
主语第一人称I，谓语动词用原型。故将tidying改为tidy。
5.（2020全国I卷）First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
答案：but改为and。
解析：句意：首先我把西红柿切成块，并把它们放在一边。I cut the tomatoes into pieces与put them
aside之间是并列关系，应使用and连接，故将but改为and。
6.（2020全国II卷）Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of
practice.
答案：but / yet。
解析：此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。
故将for改为but / yet。
7.（2020全国II卷）In order to make sure all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.
答案：去掉and。
解析：这是一个简单句，前面in order to…作目的状语，不用连词and，所以去掉and。
8. (2020全国IⅠ卷)Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of
practice.
答案：but / yet
解析：此处前句提到“我7岁开始学功夫”，后句提到“很久没有练习了”。此处前后应是转折关系。
故将for改为but / yet。
9. (2020全国III卷) In order to make sure all of us are in good health, and she makes specific plans for us.
答案：去掉and
解析：这是一个简单句，前面in order to…作目的状语，不用连词and，所以去掉and。
10. (2019全国Ⅱ卷) When I studied chemistry in high school, I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.
答案：or改为and
解析：考查连词。句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。“重新
考虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。故将or改为and。
分层训练（三）句式升级
书面表达句式升级：请运用准确祈使句、感叹句、并列句翻译下列各句。
1. (2024新课标I卷) 然后我使用不同的颜色去填充并营造出一种轻柔和谐的氛围。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. (2024新课标I卷) 我还添加了一些像鸟儿和蝴蝶这样的细节以使画面更加生动。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2024新课标I卷)这次经历启发我要珍惜并探索更多自然的奇妙之处。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. (2024新课标I卷) 这次在公园的课拓宽了我的视野，教会我从不同角度看待事物。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. (2023新课标I卷) 我的建议是根据学生的语言能力对他们进行分组，或者让学生自己选择伴侣。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. (2022全国甲卷) 首先，尽全力反对全球变暖，这对海洋动物产生巨大威胁。___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. (2022全国甲卷) 另外，积极参与海洋组织发起的志愿者活动。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
8. (2021全国乙卷) 另外，尽量写下问题，及时咨询老师。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
9. (2021全国乙卷) 最后，让我们成为智慧网络学习者，学业进步。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
10. (2021全国乙卷) 遵循这些忠告，我们就会成为智慧的网络学习者。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
1. Then I used different colors to fill in and create a gentle and harmonious atmosphere.
2. I also added some details like birds and butterflies to make the picture more vivid.
3. This experience has inspired me to cherish and explore more of the wonders of nature.
4. This class in the park broadened my horizons and taught me to look at things from different
perspectives.
5. My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own
partners.
6. First, try every means to fight against global warming, which has become a great threat to sea creatures.
7. In addition, take an active part in the voluntary activities launched by the ocean organizations.
8. In addition, try to write down the problems and consult the teacher in time.
9. Finally, let’s be smart online learner and make more progress in study.
10. Follow these tips, and we will become smart online learners.
分层训练（四）外刊原创
嫦娥六号任务取得圆满成功
China’s Chang’e-6 lunar probe returns with first-ever samples from far side of the moon
China has made spaceflight history yet again. China’s Chang’e-6 lunar probe returned to Earth on Tuesday,
1 (bring) back the first-ever samples from the unexplored far side of the moon.
The re-entry capsule landed in the northern Chinese region of Inner Mongolia at 2:07 p.m. local time,
according to a Google-translated update from the China National Space Administration (CNSA), 2
declared the mission a “complete success.”
Chang’e-6 returned to Earth with soil 3 (collect) from the South Pole-Aitken Basin — a massive
crater in the lunar hemisphere (半球) that always faces away from Earth.
The new samples will 4 (probable) offer researchers around the globe useful keys for answering
5 (question) about the moon, and will likely bring a range of invaluable 6 (science) payoffs.
The probe landed on the moon on June 2, 7 (take) off again on June 4 and then spent 13 days in
the moon’s orbit before returning to Earth. 8 total, Chang’e-6 mission took 53 days from its May 3
departure from the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan, 9 island off China’s south coast.
Chinese President Xi Jinping conveyed his congratulations to the CNSA for “another landmark 10
(achieve) in building a strong country in space, and science and technology.”
【参考答案】1.bringing 2.which 3.collected 4.probably 5.questions 6.scientific 7.took 8.In 9.an 10.achievement
1.bringing。考查非谓语动。bring back，带回，是动词短语，但填空处与主句之间没有连词连接，因此
要用非谓语动词，ing表主动。句意：周二，中国嫦娥六号月球探测器返回地球，首次从未被探索的月球
背面带回了样本。
2.which。考查非限制性定语从句。which指代the China National Space Administration (CNSA)(中国国家
航天局)，在从句中充当declared的主语。句意：根据中国国家航天局(CNSA)谷歌翻译的最新消息，当地
时间下午2点07分，返回舱在中国北部内蒙古地区着陆，并宣布此次任务“圆满成功”。
3.collected。考查非谓语动词。Chang’e-6 returned to Earth with soil是主干，soil与collect构成被动关系，
土壤被收集，因此用过去分词做定语。句意：嫦娥六号带着从南极艾特肯盆地收集的土壤返回地球，艾
特肯盆地是月球半球一个巨大的陨石坑，总是背对地球。
4.probably。考查副词修饰动词。句意如6。
5.questions。考查名词复数形式。句意如6。
6.scientific。考查形容词修饰名词。句意：新的样本可能会为全球研究人员解答有关月球的问题提供有用
的线索，并可能带来一系列宝贵的科学上的成果。
7.took。考查谓语动词的时态。根据句子结构，landed, took, spent 是三个谓语动词的并列，因此用过去
式。句意：该探测器于6月2日降落在月球上，6月4日再次起飞，然后在月球轨道上呆了13天后再返回
地球。
8.In。考查介词。In total,总计，合计。
9.an。考查冠词。island是可数名词，此处表泛指，因此用 an。an island off China’s south coast 充当
Hainan的同位语。句意：从5月3日从海南文昌航天发射中心出发，嫦娥6号任务总共花了53天。
10.achievement。考查名词。another landmark achievement另一个具有里程碑意义的成就。中国国家主
席习近平向国家航天局表示祝贺，祝贺其“在建设航天和科技强国的道路上又取得了里程碑式的成就”。
