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【口袋书】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题 01 动词不定式八大用法（讲案）解析版
目录
一、动词不定式快问快答 P1
二、动词不定式五年高考真题细目表 P2
考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法 P3
考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法 P 4
考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种用法 P 6
考点清单四、不定式作定语两种典型用法 P 8
考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法 P 9
考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法 P 10
考点清单七、不定式三种典型省略用法 P 10
考点清单八、动词不定式形式多样化 P 11
分层训练（一）动词不定式五年高考真题题组 P12
分层训练（二）动词不定式易混对比十组 P1 6
分层训练（三）动词不定式助力应用文写作 P1 8
分层训练（四）动词不定式助力读后续写 P1 9
分层训练（五）外刊原创最新语法填空 P 20
复旦大学为法籍教授魏明德办艺术展庆祝中法建交 60 周年 P 20
一、动词不定式快问快答
Q1：什么叫动词不定式？
A1：动词不定式是非谓语动词一种形式，基本形式为to do。Q2：动词不定式能充当什么成分？
A2：动词不定式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。
Q3：学习动词不定式难点在哪里？
A3：一是熟记一些动词搭配，需要与不定式连用，二是需要区分不定式和动名词的区别，三是动词不定
式形式的复杂变化。
Q4：阅读过程中遇到动词不定式（短语）怎么办？
A4：利用括号法把整个动词不定式括起来视为一个整体来理解。
Q5：学好动词不定式有什么意义？
A5：一能化繁为简迅速提高文章阅读能力，二能在书面表达巧妙运用动词不定式提升句子表达效果。
Q6：如何才能学好动词不定式？
A6：一是努力掌握动词不定式基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，见多识广。
二、动词不定式五年高考真题考点细目表
动词不定式五年高考真题考点细目表
卷别 作状语 作宾语 作宾补 作定语 作主语 作表语
2024九省联考卷 to stay
2024浙江1月卷 to benefit
2023新高考I卷 whether to bite…
allowing them
2023新高考I卷
to be lifted
used to (be) afraid
2023全国甲卷 to teach
改错
2022新高考I卷 to increase
2022新高考II卷 to see how to thank…
was unwilling (to)
2022全国甲卷 to journey
talk 改错
To preparing-prepare
2022全国乙卷
strengthen 改错
2022北京卷 to harm
2022浙江1月卷 to continue
tells you not to
2022浙江6月卷
do
2022上海7月卷 to achieve
2022上海1月卷 to see
2021新高考II卷 to educate
2021全国甲卷 to walk
2021全国乙卷 aim to have
2021浙江6月卷 to plant
2020全国I卷 to find
2020全国II卷 easy to care
was forced (to)
2020全国III卷
eat改错
2020北京卷 to break2019全国II卷 to retire
opens-open
2019全国III卷
改错
2018全国I卷 to see
2018全国II卷 to improve
allowed me to
2018全国III卷
stay
考点清单一、不定式作主语典型用法
要点精讲
1.不定式作主语表示具体一次行为 (对比：动名词作主语表示泛指抽象行为) 。
2.不定式作主语三种情况：不定式直接作主语；It作形式主语；wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)。
3.常考句型It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构；It takes sb. time to do sth.等。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. It took years of work _____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
2. It’s important for the figures _____________(update) regularly.
3. It is necessary for young students _____________(learn) to learn a foreign language.
4. When and where to start the programs ____________(remain) unknown.
5. (2019全国III) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it
would take __________ (get)there.
6. (2028浙江) Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they
realize how cheap can be to eat out.
【答案与解析】
1. to reduce。It takes sb. time to do sth.是常用句型，不定式短语作真正主语。故答案是to reduce。
2. to be updated。定期更新数据很重要，数据是被更新的，故答案是to be updated。
3. to learn。这是It is+ adj. +of / for sb to do sth 结构，it作形式主语，不定式短语是真正主语。
4. remains。wh-to do短语作主语，谓语用单数。故答案是remains。
5. to get。这是It takes sb time to do sth.句型，it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故答案是 to
get。
6. it。分析句子结构可知，该宾语从句是it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语的句子。故答案是it。
考点清单二、不定式作宾语两种典型用法
要点精讲1：只接to do作宾语的动词:妙记--mecarfipsd霉咖啡不是的
manage, expect, choose, afford/ agree/ attempt, refuse, fail,
intend, plan/pretend/promise, seem, decide/desire/determine
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. They failed _____________(grasp) the importance of his words.
2. She never seemed __________(care) what the rest of us thought about her.
3. The houses are so expensive that he can't afford __________(buy) one.
4. Although he pretended __________(be) calm, his pale face gave him away.5. (2019 浙江) One study in America found that students' grades improved a little after the school introduced
uniforms. But some students didn't want __________ (wear) the uniform.
【答案与解析】
1. to grasp。fail to do未能做某事。故答案是to grasp。
2. to care。seem to do好像做某事。故答案是to care。
3. to buy。can’t afford to do sth是固定搭配，表示“承担不起做某事”。故答案是to buy。
4. to be。pretend to do表示“假装做某事”。故答案是to be。
5. to wear。want to do sth表示“想做某事”。故答案是to wear。
要点精讲2：接to do/doing意义不同的动词：妙记--frogshmt青蛙聪明
forget, remember/regret, go on, stop, can’t help, mean, try。该考点非常重要，必须重视。
forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做）
remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做）
remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做）
regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做）
regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做）
go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了）
go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）
stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了）
stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变）
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
mean to do 打算做某事（未做）
mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用）
try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功）
try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动）
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (2002上海)In some parts of London, missing a bus means ___________(wait) for another hour.
2. (2006 湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things,
think again.
3.(2018 天津) I didn’t mean __________(eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help
__________(try) it.
4.(2018 浙江) I still remember __________(visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shockedwhen I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
5. (2012安徽) I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
6. (2009陕西)I still remember ____________(take) to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
7. (2015四川)--Look! The window is open. --I’m sorry. I forgot ____________ (close) it.
8. (2008湖南) Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _________(live) alone, but she didn’t
like it and moved back home.
9. (1992全国)--- I usually go there by train.---Why not ____________(try, go) by boat for a change?
10. (2015 陕西) After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on
__________ all the people who had helped in her career.
11. After finishing his homework, he went on _____________(read) to read the text.
12. (1995全国)---You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---Well, now I regret __________(do) that.
13.(1996上海) While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____________ (persuade) into buying something
they don’t really need.
14. (1990全国) She reached the top of the hill and stopped __________ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the
path.
【答案与解析】
1. waiting。mean doing表示“意味着”。句意：在英国一些地方，错过公交意味着再等一小时。故答案
是waiting。
2. getting。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。
3. to eat; trying。句意：我并大打算吃东西，但是冰淇淋太好看了我忍不住尝了一口。mean to do表示
“打算做某事”；can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是to eat; trying。
4. visiting。remember doing表示“记住做过某事”；remember to do表示“记住去做某事（未做）”。
结合语境这里是前者，故答案是visiting。
5. to close。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做。故答案是to close。
6. being taken。根据句意可知，本题考查remember doing sth记得做过某事，而remember to do 是记得
去做，我应该是被带去了，应该使用动名词的被动式作宾语，故答案为being taken。
7. to lock。句意：在离开办公室之前我记着去关门（未做），但是忘记去关灯了（未关）。故答案是 to
lock。
8. living。try doing强调“尝试着做了某事”，符合语境要求，故答案是living。
9. try going。try doing强调“尝试着做了某事”。句意：---我平时乘火车去那里。---何不乘船去换换样？
why not do sth?表示“何不试着做某事？”。故答案是try going。
10. to thank。句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，安妮．本尼迪克继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。
故答案是to thank。
11. to read。句意：做完作业之后，他接着阅读课文。go on to do表示“接着做另一件事”。故答案是to
read。
12. having done。结合语境应用regret doing表示“后悔做了某事（已做）”。故答案是having done。
13. being persuaded。句意：当购物的时候，人们有时情不自禁的被劝服买他们不真正想要的东西。can’t
help doing情不自禁做某事，这里是被劝服，故用being persuaded。故答案是being persuaded。
14. to rest。stop to rest表示“停止（爬山）去休息”，符合语境逻辑。故答案是to rest。考点清单三、不定式作宾语补足语四种典型用法
要点精讲1：观感使役类动词--see类(不定式作宾语补足语省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态中to应加上)
巧记--注意让迈克听听看看这块表有啥感觉
notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. With the world changing fast, we have something new (deal) with by ourselves every day.
2. He was observed ________________(enter) the office silently.
3. When I came in I saw him ______________(listen) to music.
4. He came late, so he was made ____________(stand) outside the classroom for ten minutes.
5. The result of the competition wasn’t made __________(know) to the public until ten days later.
【答案与解析】
1. to deal。本句不是have sb do sth句式，而是have sth to do 表示“有某事要做”，不定式短语作定
语，故答案是to deal。
2. to enter。observe sb do sth是固定句型，省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中to应加上。
故答案是to enter。
3. listening。结合语境这里应用see sb doing sth…表示“看见某人正在做某事”。故答案是listening。
4. to stand。省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中to应加上。故答案是to stand。
5. known。句意：比赛的结果直到十天后才公布于众。原文相当于 make the public know the
result=make the result known to the public。故答案是known。
要点精讲2：warn类动词(只接to do后作宾补) warn, tell, ask, persuade, expect等。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.
7. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me________(stay)and watch.
8. They are required ______________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other
bodily functions.
9. (2020 浙江 1 月卷)The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is
expected____________(increase) to 42 by 2050.
5. Passengers are permitted ___________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
【答案与解析】
6. to be made。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事，故答案是to be made。
7. to stay。本句考查allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”。故答案是to stay。
8. to process。本题考查require sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事”。故答案是to process。
9. to increase。本题考查expect sb to do sth表示“期待某人做某事”，故答案是to increase。
10 to carry。permit sb to do sth允许某人做事，故答案是to carry。
要点精讲3：用于“with+名词+不定式”，表示一个主动的、将要发生的动作。省略 with后构成的“名
词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
11. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest __________(follow) in a year.
12. With a lot of homework ___________(do), I decided not to watch the performance with you.13. With a lot of difficult problems ___________(solve), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
【答案与解析】
11. to follow。本句是省略 with 后构成的“名词/代词+不定式” 构成独立主格结构。故答案是 to
follow。
12. to do。with sth to do是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是to do。
13. to solve。with sth to do是with复合宾语结构，不定式强调将要发生的动作，故答案是to solve。
要点精讲 4：be said 类动词：be said/believed/reported/known to do 类句型，可以转化为 It is said
that…。不定式根据语境还可能用进行式、被动式或完成式。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
14. Robert is said _____________(study) abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
15. Police are searching for a woman who is reported to _____________(miss) since the flood hit the area.
16. Alex is believed _______________(learn) by heart 2000 Chinese characters up to now.
【答案与解析】
14. to have studied。be said to do表示“据说做某事”；what country he studied in暗示该动作已结束，
故答案是to have studied。
15. have been missing。since the flood hit the area暗示应用不定式完成式；结合语境又是一种“失踪”
状态，故答案是have been missing。
16. to have learned/learnt。be believed to do表示“据相信做了某事”，结合语境该动作已经发生，应
用to have done。故答案是to have learned/learnt。
考点清单四、不定式作定语典型用法
要点精讲1：
1.不定式作定语修饰名词，多表示一个主动的将要发生的动作。
2.不定式与名词之间是主谓关系或动宾关系。
3.若不定式是不及物动词，后边应加上适当的介词。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Is that the way __________(open) the can?
2. The teacher left us a lot of problems __________(solve).
3. On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters __________(write).
4. He can find no one to make friends __________.
5. I've got a lot of things to see __________ this morning.
【答案与解析】
1. to open。the way to do表示“做……的方式”。故答案是to open。
2. to solve。to solve和被修饰名词之间是动宾关系。故答案是to solve。
3. to write。to write和被修饰名词之间是动宾关系。故答案是to write。
4. with。to make friends with和被修饰名词之间是动宾关系。故答案是with。
5. to。to see to和被修饰名词之间是动宾关系。故答案是to。
要点精讲2：1.序数词first， second后常接动词不定式作定语。
2.形容词最高级后常接动词不定式作定语。。
3. decision, wish, chance, promise, plan, time, attempt, effort, right, ability, patience 等抽象名词后常用
不定式作定语，说明名词的内容。
6. She is always the first person ________(come) and the last person ________(leave).
7. She was the only one ________(survive) the crash. She was so lucky.
8. I think the best time ________(go) sightseeing is spring.
9. She made the decision ________(quit) her job and pursue her dream of becoming a writer.
10. His attempt ________(solve) the puzzle was unsuccessful, but he enjoyed the challenge.
11. Everyone has the right ________(pursue) their own happiness.
【答案与解析】
6. to come, to leave。名词前有first，second等序数词修饰常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是to come, to
leave。
7. to survive。名词前有only修饰时常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是to survive。
8. to go。名词前有形容词最高级修饰时常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是to go。
9. to quit。名词decision，ability等常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是to quit。
10. to solve。名词attempt，effort等常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是to solve。
11. to pursue。名词right，plan等常接动词不定式作定语。故答案是to pursue。
要点精讲3：
1.现在分词作定语，表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。
2.过去分词短语作定语，表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。
12. The meeting___________(hold) now/_______(hold)yesterday/_________(hold)tomorrow is very important.
13. The airport _____________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
14. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one (blame).
15. (2020 浙江) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change)
lives.
【答案与解析】
12. being; held; to be held。现在分词作定语，表示一个正在进行的动作；过去分词短语作定语表示一
个被动的、已发生动作。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作。故答案是being; held; to be
held。
13. to be completed。不定式作定语则多表示一个将要发生的动作；结合语境应用被动形式，故答案是
to be completed。
14. to blame。(be) to blame表示“该受到责备”，主动形式表示被动意义，故答案是to blame。
15. to change。结合语境应用单词不定式作定语。故答案是to change。
考点清单五、不定式作状语三种典型用法
要点精讲1：不定式作目的状语，多用于to do, so as to do, in order to do结构。注意逻辑主语一致性，位
于句末前边不能有逗号。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. The local government has done everything it can __________(save) the buried miners.
2. _____________(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4
continents.
3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there (train) for a space flight.
4. (2020天津)The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection _____________ (promote)
economic growth.
【答案与解析】
1. to save。it can是定语从句that it can do的省略，故应用不定式作目的状语，故答案是to save。
2. To be accepted。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是To be accepted。
3. to be trained。不定式作目的状语，且是被动含义，故答案是to be trained。
4. to promote。不定式作目的状语，故答案是to promote。
要点精讲2：不定式作结果状语，多用于too…to, enough to do, only/never to do, so…as to, such as to等结
构。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
5. He hurried to the station, only ____________(inform/find/tell) that the train had left.
6. Would you be so kind as_____________ (carry) the luggage for me?
7. Now I’m brave enough ____________(stand) up and answer the question.
8. After the meeting, they parted, never ____________(see) each other again.
【答案与解析】
5. to be informed/to find/to be told。only to do常表示出乎预料的结果，本句含有被动意义,故答案是
to be informed/to find/to be told。
6. to carry。so…as to do引导不定式作结果状语，故答案是to carry。
7. to stand。…enough to do是不定式短语作结果状语，故答案是to stand。
8. to see。散会后，他们分手了，从此再也没有见面。never to do作结果状语，表示“再也没有做某
事”。
要点精讲3：不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
9. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _________ (breathe).
10. (2019 全国 I) Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the
mid-1980s, and are expensive __________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案与解析】
9. to breathe。不定式用于be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，不定式主动形式表示被动意义。故答案是to
breathe。
10. to perform。本句是形容词短语作宾语补足语，暗含be+ adj+to do构成的反射不定式，故答案是to
perform。
考点清单六、不定式作表语典型用法
要点精讲：不定式作表语起解释说明作用。主语有实义动词do,作表语的不定式可省to。If you are wrong, the least thing you can do is (to) apologize. 如果你做错了，你可以做的至少是道歉。
The only thing that he can do now is (to) abandon the plan. 现在他唯一能做的事情是放弃这个计划。
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (2002全国) Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _____(see) whether they
will enjoy it.
2. (2009 全国) The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____________(not, make) it more
difficult.
【答案与解析】
1. to be seen。It remains to be seen whether….是固定句型，表示“是否……有待观察”，故答案是
to be seen。
2. not to make。句意"新技术的目的是使我们习惯的生活变得更容易，而不是使它更困难．"，根据语境
可知，应用动词不定式的否定形式，在句子中作目的状语．答案是not to make。
考点清单七、不定式的三种典型省略用法
要点精讲1：感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略to（注意被动语态中to应加上）；
【即时训练】单句改错或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned. 改错
2. The young girl was observed ________________(enter) the office silently.
【答案与解析】
1. 去掉to。let sb do sth让某人做事，故答案是去掉to。
2. to enter。感官动词接不定式作宾补时省略to，被动语态中to应加上，故答案是to enter。
要点精讲2：下列句型常省略to：
may as well do sth 最好还是做……
had better do 最好做某事
do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事
can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事
Why not do sth? 何不做某事？
prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做……
would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空或单句改错。
3. Rather than ______(ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______(ride) a bicycle.
4. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother. 改错
【答案与解析】
3. ride; to ride。prefer to do sth rather than do sth表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”，故答案是ride;
to ride。
4. 去掉to。do nothing but do是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”，故答案是去掉to。
要点精讲3：在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号 to。注意，
不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。
【即时训练】单句改错。
5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do.6. As we all know, China is no longer the country it used to.
【答案与解析】
5. 去掉do。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号 to。故答
案是去掉do。
6. to后加be。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，不定式后面是动词 be时，to
be应保留。故答案是to后加be。
考点清单八、动词不定式的复杂形式
不定式的否定式、完成式和被动式 （以动词find为例）
内容 主动语态 被动语态 否定式
一般式 to find to be found not to find
进行式 to be finding --- ---
完成式 to have found to have been found not to have found
【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. The boy pretended _____________(read) the book when the teacher came in.
2. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ___________(hear).
3. He got up early this morning so as _____________(catch)the early train.
4. The engine just won't start. Something seems __________(go) wrong with it.
5. I happened ______________(wait) for the bus when the accident happened.
6. His works are reported to____________________(translate) into 20 languages in the past decade.
7. The manager is believed ______________ (arrive) back from Paris where he met some European business
partners.
8. The resolution encouraged this arrangement ____________(take) into account when future calendars of
conferences and meetings are drafted.
9. I don’t know whether you happen ______________ (hear), but I’m going to study in the U.S. this September.
10. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there ____________ (train) for a space flight.
【答案与解析】
1. to be reading。pretend to be doing假装正在做某事。故答案是to be reading。
2. to be heard。struggle to do努力做某事。故答案是to be heard。
3. to catch。so as to do sth为了做某事。故答案是to catch。
4. to have gone。结合语境该动作已发生，故答案是to have gone。
5. to be waiting。句意：事故发生时，我碰巧正好在等公共汽车。happen to be doing表示“碰巧正在做某
事”。 故答案是to be waiting。
6. to have been translated。 句意：据报道，在过去十年中，他的作品已被翻译成20种语言。故答案是
7. to have arrived。句意：据信，这位经理是从巴黎回来的，在那里他会见了一些欧洲商业伙伴。故答案
是to have been translated。
8. to be taken。句意：该决议鼓励在起草今后的会议日历时考虑到这一安排。 故答案是to be taken。
9. to have heard。句意：我不知道你是否听说过，但我今年九月要去美国留学。故答案是to have heard。10. to be trained。句意：当被问及为什么去那里时，他说他被派往那里接受太空飞行训练。故答案是 to
be trained。
分层训练（一）五年动词不定式高考真题题组
考点一：考查动词不定式短语作目的状语
1.（2024九省联考卷）He knows that computers are here (stay) and that they will not disappear.
答案: to stay
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他知道电脑会一直存在，不会消失。be here to stay是一个固定短语，表
示“固定下来; 普遍认可; 成为风尚”。故填to stay。
2.（2024浙江1月卷）The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that.
However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
答案: to benefit
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。
根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不
定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。
3.（2023全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __________ (teach) a lesson or to
pass on wisdom.
答案：to teach
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，
此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
4.（2022 新高考 I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority __________
(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案: to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的
大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目
的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
5.（2022新高考II卷）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair
onto the balcony, and climbed up __________ (see) them.
答案: to see
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把
一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的 climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句
意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用 to do不定式作目的状语。故填 to
see。
6.（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to
have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案: To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传
活动，邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
7.（2021新高考II卷）I decided to do something __________ (educate) people about this problem.
答案: to educate
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，__________
(educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。
8.（2021浙江卷）Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front
yard.
答案: to plant
【解析】考查非谓语动词。考查动词不定式。句意：玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝•托德•华莱士经常来前院种花。
分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语；根据句意可知，此处是目的状语；目的状语用动词不定式表示；提
示词plant的不定式形式为to plant。故填to plant。
9.（2020全国I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 __________ (find)
and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
答案: to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆
地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
10.（2020 全国 III 卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out __________ (find) the well-known
painter.
答案: to find
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表
示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
11.(2020·浙江卷) Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology __________
(change)lives.
答案: to change
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中
已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语。故填to change。
考点二：考查动词不定式短语作定语
12.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first
step __________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案: to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒
步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不
定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
13.（2022北京卷）As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an
intention __________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
答案: to harm
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处
应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定
语。故填to harm。
14.（2021 北京卷）Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need(invest) in disaster prevention.
答案: to invest
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明, 急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知, 此处表示未来的
动作, 应用不定式, 作后置定语。故填to invest。
15. (2019·全国 II 卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans
__________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
答案: to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“……的计
划”，故填to retire。
考点三：考查动词不定式短语作主语
16.（2021全国甲卷）It is possible __________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
答案: to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还
有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动
词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
17.（2020北京卷）It takes them hundreds of years __________ (break) down. Many of these bags end up in the
ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins.
答案: to break
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to
do sth.（花某人/物多长时间干某事），此处用动词不定式（to do ）作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to
break。
考点四：考查动词不定式短语作宾语
18.（2023新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first,
releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup
explode on your tongue.
答案: to bite
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整
个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后
面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
19.（2023新高考I卷）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___________
(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.
答案：to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出
来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词
不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不
定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
20.（2022新高考II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________to thank him.”
答案: how
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词
+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填how。21.（2022 浙江 1 月卷）That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
__________ (continue) the practice.
答案: to continue
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计
划做”，故填to continue。
22.（2021全国乙卷）Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of
its unique biodiversity. Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim
__________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
答案: to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很
小。固定短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”。故填to have。
考点五：考查动词不定式短语作宾语补足语
23.（2022浙江卷）Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not __________ (do).
答案: to do
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do
sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
24.（2020浙江1月卷）Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中
位数的)age of an American in 1950 was 30; today it is 41 and is expected __________ (increase)to 42 by 2050.
答案: to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式，故填
to increase。
考点六：考查动词不定式主动形式被动意义
25.（2020 全国 II 卷）Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are
easy__________ (care) for and make great presents.
答案: to care
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”
结构。故填to care。
分层训练（二）动词不定式易混对比十组
Group 1
1. “Keep silent!” the monitor told the boys to stop_________ (talk).
2. The girl walked so tiredly that she stopped_________ (have) a rest.
答案与解析：
1. talking。考查非谓语动词用法。stop doing 表示“停止做某事”。
2. to talk。考查非谓语动词用法。stop to do表示“停止一件事去做另一件事”。
Group 2
3. Mr Li is said _________ (study) abroad. But I don't know which country he studied in.
4. Mr Li is said _________ (study) abroad. But I don't know which country he is studying in.
答案与解析：3. to have studied。考查非谓语动词用法。首先考查be said to do句型；he studied in暗示该动作已经
完成，故应用不定式完成式。
4. to be studying。考查非谓语动词用法。首先考查be said to do句型；he is studying in暗示该动作正
在进行，故应用不定式进行式。
Group 3
5. The little girl had no choice but _______(stay) at home.
6. The little girl could do nothing but ______ (stay) at home.
答案与解析：
5. to stay。考查非谓语动词用法。have no choice but to do sth表示“别无选择只好做某事”。
6. stay。考查非谓语动词用法。do nothing but do sth. 表示“别无选择只好做某事”。
Group 4
7. After a rest, we went on _______the same problem.
8. After a rest, we went on_______(do)the next problem.
答案与解析：
7. doing。考查非谓语动词用法。go on doing sth。表示“中断之后继续做同一件事”。
8. to do。考查非谓语动词用法。go on to do sth。表示“一件事后继续做另一件事”。
Group 5
9. The little boy would like _____(take) her to the cinema.
10. The little boy would like ______(take) to the cinema.
答案与解析：
9. to take。考查非谓语动词用法。would like/love to do…是固定句型，表示“想做某事”。
10. to be taken。考查非谓语动词用法。would like/love to be done…是固定句型，表示“想要被做”。
Group 6
11. This is an important letter. Don't forget _________(post) it this afternoon.
12. Don't look for the letter. You must have forgotten _________(post) it this after afternoon.
答案与解析：
11. to post。考查非谓语动词用法。forget to do表示“忘记去做某事（未做）”。
12. posting。考查非谓语动词用法。forget doing表示“忘记做了某事（已做）”。
Group 7
13. Why not try_________ (do) the maths problem in another way?
14. When I was at school, I tried_________ (learn) English well.
答案与解析：
13. doing。考查非谓语动词用法。try doing…表示“试着做……”，强调行动。
14. to learn。考查非谓语动词用法。try to do…表示“试图做某事……”，强调目标，未必成功。
Group 8
15. He rushed to the railway station, only___________ (tell) that the train had left.
16. He rushed to the railway station, only___________(find) that the train had left.
答案与解析：
15. to be told。考查非谓语动词用法。only to do 常作结果状语，表示出乎预料的结果，被动含义。
16. to find。考查非谓语动词用法。only to do 常作结果状语，表示出乎预料的结果。
Group 917. I regret_________ (not study) hard at school.
18. We regret_________ (say) that we can’t go to your birthday party.
答案与解析：
17. not having studied。考查非谓语动词用法。regret doing表示“后悔做了某事（已做）”。
18. to say。考查非谓语动词用法。regret to do表示“对将要做的事情表示遗憾（未做）”。
Group 10
19. I prefer_________ (walk) to_________ (ride) in a bus.
20. I prefer_________ (walk )rather than____(ride) in a bus.
答案与解析：
19.walking; riding。考查非谓语动词用法。prefer do…to doing…是固定句型，表示“宁愿……不
愿……”。
20.to walk, ride。考查非谓语动词用法。prefer to do rather than do sth. 是固定句型，表示“宁愿
做……不愿做……”。
分层训练（三）动词不定式助力应用文写作
书面表达句式升级：请运用动词不定式翻译下列各句。
1. (2024浙江1月)下次上课时如果你觉得有点累，记得站起来伸展身体！
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. (2023全国乙) 学会编制帮助我提高创造性和解决问题的技巧。
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2023新高考I) 因此我想知道有没有可能允许我们随意选择搭档。
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. (2022全国乙)因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天或打游戏上瘾。
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5.(2022全国乙) 目前，随着智能手机和电脑日益普及，越来越多学生正选择在教室之外以各种方式学英
语。
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6. (2022全国甲) 设置“世界海洋日”目的是提高海洋保护意识，这在全球生态系统中起关键作用。
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. (2022全国甲)国家间应该携起手来制定切实可行保护海洋的方案。
____________________________________________________________________________________
8. (2022新高考I) 这是我第一次邀请你参加我们Talk and Talk节目。
____________________________________________________________________________________
9. (2021全国乙) 另一方面，网络学习本身也有一些不足，使我们很难不受影响。
____________________________________________________________________________________
10. (2021全国甲) 因为这个活动将在网站呈现，我真诚希望你能提一些建议。
____________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. Next time you feel a bit tired during class, remember to stand up and stretch!
2. Learning to knit helped me develop my creativity and problem-solving skills.3. So I was wondering if it is possible to allow us to choose the partner as we wish.
4. Because of their lack of self-discipline, they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.
5. Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of
students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.
6. World Oceans Day was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in
global ecosystem.
7. Countries should team up with one another to work out practical plans regarding ocean protection.
8. This is my first time that I have invited you to attend our program —Talk and Talk.
9. On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be
affected.
10. Because this activity will be presented on the English website, I sincerely want you to offer me some
advice.
分层训练（四）动词不定式助力读后续写
1. (2024浙江1月)不知不觉，她找到了去图书馆或自助餐厅的路，没有迷路。
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2. (2024浙江1月)她刚一回到迷乱的迷宫，就开始探索一楼。
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. (2024浙江1月)从那时起，伊娃不再被这座建筑的大小所压倒，而是将其视为一项需要克服的挑战。
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4. (2023新高考I)直到我参加了颁奖典礼并拿到了证书，我还是觉得很难相信。
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. (2023新高考I)我紧紧地拥抱着他，无法表达他对我的信任有多重要。
____________________________________________________________________________________
6. (2023新高考I)老师是我人生旅程中的希望灯塔，激励我把“不可能”变成“可能”。
____________________________________________________________________________________
7. (2023浙江1月)我花了一下午的时间探索农场，和朋友们聊天，希望能一睹这只小鸟的风采。
____________________________________________________________________________________
8. (2023浙江1月)我正要离开时，蜂鸟出现了。
____________________________________________________________________________________
9. (2022新高考I)言语无法表达我的感受。我只是用一个大大的拥抱向他表示祝贺。
____________________________________________________________________________________
10. (2022新高考I)在我的鼓励下，大卫下定决心参加这次大型越野跑。
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【答案】
1. Before she knew it, she was able to find her way to the library or cafeteria without getting lost.
2. No sooner had she returned to the confusing maze than she set out to explore the first floor.
3. From then on, Eva was no longer overwhelmed by the size of the building, but instead saw it as a
challenge to overcome.
4. I still found it hard to believe until I attended the award presentation and got my certificate.
5. I hugged him tightly, unable to express just how much his faith in me had meant.6. The teacher was a beacon of hope on my life journey, inspiring me to transform the
“impossible” into “possible”.
7. I spent the afternoon exploring the farm and chatting with my friends, hoping to catch a
glimpse of the little bird.
8. I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared.
9. Words failed to convey my feeling. I just congratulated him with a big hug.
10. Encouraged by me, David made up his mind to participate in the big cross-country run.
分类训练（五）语法填空 （外刊原创）
French professor showcases Chinese ink paintings in exhibition
A Chinese ink painting exhibition, 1 (feature) paintings created by Professor Benoit Vermander of
Fudan University, kicked off on Wednesday at the university in Shanghai, aiming 2 (promote) cultural
exchanges between China and France.
This year 3 (mark) the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties between China and
France. The exhibition is part of the university's celebration of this special occasion. The exhibition showcases
more than 60 ink paintings 4 (draw) over the past decade by the French professor, who is also known as
Wei Mingde.
According to Vermander, his 5 (inspire) of the exhibition came from the poetry of Victor Segalen
(1878-1919), a French doctor, archaeologist, novelist and poet known for his deep connection 6 China.
Through the artworks displayed in the exhibition, 7 focus on diverse themes such as animals, 8
(nature) landscapes and people, visitors are able to feel the artist's intimate relationship with nature and daily life,
as well as see 9 integration of the Western composition and Chinese ink painting skills.
Vermander noted that he regards paintings as an expression of 10 (he) in an intertwined whole in
daily life and dynamic feelings.
【参考答案】
1. featuring 2. to promote 3. marks 4. drawn 5. inspiration 6. with 7. which 8. natural 9. the 10. himself
【文章导读】中法建交60周年之际，一场艺术特展在复旦大学开展——笨笃（魏明德）画展“浩海无碑林”。走进复
旦大学邯郸校区200号楼，在这座颇具中式风韵的小楼里，展出了六十余件哲学学院法国籍教授魏明德
的艺术作品。画展将持续至4月25日。
