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专题 03 动词不定式和动词短语的用法
动词不定式
一、基本用法
1.动词不定式的形式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，使用时有时可以不带to，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，
在句子中不能做谓语，to本身无意义，动词不定式同其后的宾语构成不定式短语。
2.动词不定式的否定形式
（1）动词不定式（短语）做主语
动词不定式（短语）在句中做主语时，一般位于句首，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数，有时为
了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语。
To learn foreign languages is very useful.学外语很有用。
I think it’s necessary for us to read a lot.我认为大量阅读对我们有必要。
（2）动词不定式（短语）做表语
动词不定式（短语）做表语常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。从时间概念上说含有将来意义，
常用于be动词的后面。
My duty is to look after the animals.我的职责就是照看这些动物。
（3）动词不定式（短语）做宾语
动词不定式（短语）做宾语有两种情况：一种是及物动词后直接跟带 to的不定式，另—种是“及物动
词+疑问词+带to的不定式。”
I hope to see you tomorrow.我希望明天见到你。
注意 其后常接动词不定式做宾语的动词有：
想要，拒绝，忘记（want, refuse, forget）
需要，努力，学习（need, try, learn）
选择，同意，帮助（choose, agree, help）
希望，决定，开始（hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start）
（4）动词不定式（短语）做宾语补足语
常接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, teach, allow, promise, order, advise, expect, wish,
invite, encourage, make, warn, help等。
They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。
（5）动词不定式（短语）做定语动词不定式（短语）做定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，置于被修饰词之后，即做后置定语。
—Would you like something to eat？你想要些吃的吗？
—Yes, please.好的。
注意 动词不定式（短语）做定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式中的
动词为不及物动词，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
The old man has no house to live in.这位老人没有房子住。
（6）动词不定式（短语）做状语
动词不定式（短语）做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立成分。表示原因和结果时不置于
句首。
①动词不定式做目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可以放在句尾。
To get there on time, they started early.为了准时赶到那儿，他们很早就出发了。
②动词不定式做结果状语，常用在too...to...结构中。
The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小，还不能照顾自己。
③动词不定式做原因状语，常跟在做表语的形容词后。
I’m very happy to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信。
二、特殊用法
1.不定式（短语）做主语时，常用it代替它做形式主语，而将不定式放到后面，有三种情况：
（1）It is+名词+to do sth.
It’s our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。
（2）It takes/took sb.+some time+ to do sth.
How long did it take you to finish your homework？你花了多长时间完成作业？
（3）It is+形容词（easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…）+（for/of sb.）+to do sth.
It is clever of you to do that.你那样做很聪明。
2. feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it做形式主语，
把不定式后移。
I find it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。
3.省略to的动词不定式的四种情况。
（1）在使役动词have, make, let之后。
His mother makes him sweep the floor.他妈妈让他扫地。
（2）在感官动词（短语）feel, hear, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at之后。
Did you notice her leave the room？她离开房间时你注意到了吗？
（3）help后的不定式可省略to，也可带上to。
He often helps me（to）learn maths.他经常帮助我学数学。（4）在一些固定搭配中，如“had better do sth.”，“Why not do sth.？”，“would rather do sth. than do
sth.”等。
1．—My teacher advises me ________ harder at Physics.
—Yes, you should. Or you’ll fail ________ the monthly test.
A．work; to pass B．to work; to pass C．to work; pass D．work; pass
2．This morning, Linda agreed ________ to the library with me after school.
A．go B．to go C．going D．went
3．In order to protect the environment, a number of people choose ________ to work by subway.
A．went B．goes C．going D．to go
4．He said he had an important meeting ______.
A．attend B．would attend C．attending D．to attend
5．This is the best way ________ all kinds of plants.
A．grow B．to grow C．about growing D．in growing
6．—Why are you so excited?
—Peter invited me ________ on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.
A．to go B．going C．go D．went
7．I advise you ________ anything out of the window while driving.
A．to throw B．throwing C．not to throw D．not throwing
8．He made us ________ by making faces.
A．to laugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughed
9．—Mary is very generous.
—Yes, she gave away all her money she owned ________ people in need.
A．to help B．to helping C．helped D．helping
10．________ our wishes, we must try our best to work hard.
A．Realizing B．To realize C．Realized D．Having realized
11．—Where did he go?
—He went to another store ________ pencils.
A．to buy B．for buying C．buy D．buying
12．—We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus (病毒).
—You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks.
A．prevent B．to prevent C．preventing D．prevents
13．The two toys are both nice and it’s really hard for the kid ________.
A．choice B．choose C．choosing D．to choose14．________ important ________ us to exercise our brains.
A．That’s; for B．It’s; for C．That’s; of D．It’s; of
15．What he said was ________ difficult for us ________ understand.
A．so; that B．to; to C．too; to D．such; that
16．This passage is not ________ for you ________ understand.
A．easy enough; for B．enough easy; for C．easy enough; to D．enough easy; to
17．Please ask the man ________ in the hall.
A．to not smoke B．not to smoke C．not smoking D．to not smoking
18．Mr. Lin made my dad ________, because it is bad for his health.
A．don’t smoke B．not to smoke C．not smoking D．not smoke
19．Jenny is going to the supermarket. And she is asking her mother what ________ for today’s dinner.
A．is buying B．buy
C．bought D．to buy
20．The guests haven’t decided which hotel ________.
A．to stay B．to stay for C．to staying D．to stay in
基础训练
提升训练
1．（23-24八年级下·上海普陀·期中）It is dangerous for you ________ the plug (插座) with wet hands.
A．touch B．to touch C．touching D．to touching
2．（23-24八年级下·广东广州·期末）It’s important ______ us ______ hard and achieve our dreams.
A．for; working B．for; to work C．of; working D．of; to work
3．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期末）—Look at the rubbish. It’s careless ________ you ________ it here.
—Sorry. I will pick it up right away.
A．for, to leave B．of, to leave C．for; leaving D．of; leaving
4．（23-24八年级上·天津和平·期中）Tom hopes ________ a good student in his class. But his father wishes
________ a good health.
A．to be; to have B．him to be; him to have C．to be; him to have D．him to be;
to have
5．（23-24八年级下·云南玉溪·期末）After watching Jia Ling’s new film YOLO (《热辣滚烫》), many people
plan ________ weight.
A．lose B．to lose C．lost D．losing
6．（23-24八年级下·吉林松原·期末）Alice offered ________ a volunteer, she wanted to help those disabled
people.
A．be B．to be C．being D．to being7．（23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期末）Sally can’t wait ______ Treasure Island.
A．reads B．reading C．to read D．read
8．（23-24八年级下·陕西西安·期末）Singapore is a good place ________ your English.
A．practice B．practicing C．to practice D．practices
9．（23-24八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期中）Bob doesn’t have time ________ volleyball with me.
A．to play B．play C．playing D．to playing
10．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）—I have less homework than before.
—Me too. Now we have enough time ________ books.
A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
11．（23-24八年级下·甘肃陇南·期末）Our school doesn’t allow us ________ computer games.
A．play B．playing C．to play D．played
12．（23-24八年级下·云南普洱·期末）Nowadays, many schools encourage students ________vegetables to let
them understand where foods come from.
A．grow B．grew C．growing D．to grow
13．（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）—I often hear them ________ their travel plan these days.
—Oh, they can’t decide which city ________.
A．to discuss; to start B．discuss; to start with
C．to discuss; start D．discuss; start with
14．（23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末）Our teacher advises us ________ each other when we are in trouble.
A．to help B．helped C．helping D．help
15．（23-24八年级下·安徽合肥·期中）—Why didn’t the doctors stop ________ lunch?
—Because they were busy ________ a patient.
A．to have; to save B．having; saving
C．to have; saving D．having; to save
16．（23-24八年级下·安徽阜阳·期末）________ the task on time, the workers were working day and night.
A．Finishing B．Finish C．To finish D．Finished
17．（23-24八年级下·云南大理·期末）We should do everything we can ______ the animals in danger.
A．save B．to save C．saving D．saved
18．（23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）We must do something ________ the left-behind children in rural areas.
A．help B．helps C．helping D．to help
19．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）The real fact is that many customers (顾客) just don’t know who
__________ solve problems with house qualities.
A．to complain to to B．to complain to C．to complain D．complained
20．（24-25八年级上·吉林长春·期末）Kate, I’m ________ tired ________ walk anymore. Let’s have a rest.
A．so; that B．such; that C．enough; to D．too; to21．（23-24八年级下·广东广州·期末）Our English teacher is patient enough ______ much time explaining
grammar rules to us.
A．spend B．spending C．to spend D．spent
22．（21-22八年级下·湖北孝感·期中）—My grandparents are too old __________.
—Yes, but they should often have a walk.
A．to work B．works C．work D．working
23．（23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·期中）The teacher often warns us ______ tricks on others.
A．don’t play B．not to play C．not play D．won’t play
24．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）—May Day holiday is coming. Which city are you going to visit?
—Oh, I haven’t decided ________.
A．where to go B．how to visit it C．what to read D．who to ask
25．（23-24八年级下·安徽马鞍山·期末）—I don’t know ________ to do with this problem. Can you help me?
—No problem.
A．when B．how C．where D．what
动词短语
1.同一介词/副词型
for短语 ask for 请求 care for关心；关怀 leave for动身去 cheer for为……加油 pay for为……
付钱
prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻；寻找 send for派人去请
stand for代表；象征 wait for等待 thanks for因……而感谢
up短语 add up加起来；合计 bring up提出；养育；培养 cheer up使振奋clean up清理；打扫
use up用完；用尽 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装；装扮 eat up吃光
end up最终成为；最后处于 fix up修理；修补 stay up熬夜 tidy up整理；收拾
grow up成长；长大 hurry up赶快
out短语 blow out 吹灭 break out（战争、火灾等）突然发生；爆发 point out指出
bring out使显现；使变得明显 carry out 执行；贯彻 find out查明；发现
down短语 break down停止运转；出故障 calm down平静下来 slow down放慢速度
die down变弱；逐渐消失 fall down倒塌；跌倒 knock down拆除；撞倒；击倒
lie down躺下pull down拆掉；拆毁 look down俯视；轻视 sit down坐下
shut down关闭；停业 write down写下；记下
away 短语 blow away驱散；吹走get away离开；逃脱 pass away去世 fly away飞走run away
逃跑
throw away扔掉
about短语 argue about争论 bring about引起；造成 care about关心；在意 hear about听说
hang about闲逛talk about谈论think about考虑 worry about担心
at短语 aim at瞄准；旨在 laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达（小地方）knock at敲
point at 指向……smile at冲……微笑 shout at对……大喊 stare...at凝视；盯着看
off短语 run off流失；逃跑 drop off入睡；下降 fall off减少；跌落leave off停止；中断
shut off关闭；切断pay off偿清（欠款等）ring off挂断电话 send off发送；邮寄
set off动身；启程show off炫耀 give off（散）发出；放出（气味、热、光等）on短语 agree on就……达成共识 call on号召；拜访 depend on依靠；依赖feed on以……
为食
focus on集中于 hold on别挂电话；坚持keep on继续前行 pass on传递 try on试穿
work on从事于；忙于
With agree with同意 begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比 connect with与……
短语 相连
catch up with追上；赶上 fall in love with爱上（某人或某物） deal with解决；处理
go with伴随 play with和……一起玩 part with放弃；交出（难舍之物）
stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享talk with和……交谈
in短语 break in 强行闯入；打断 bring in引入 check in报到；登记 fill in填写
result in导致；引起hand in上交take in吸收；收入 believe in信任；信赖
考向2.同一动词型
come 短 come on 加油；快点儿 come out 出现；出版 come over顺便来访
语 come along 出现；进展 come up with 提出；想出 come back回来
come up出现；升起 come down落下；崩塌 come in进来
come across（偶然）遇见 come true（希望、梦想等）实现
cut短语 cut down削减；砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into侵犯；打断
cut out删去；停止 cut off切断；中断
Keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面 keep away from远离 keep off使……不接近
keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和……保持联系
look短语 look at看 look after 照顾；照料 look into调查 look out当心；留神
look up查阅；查找 look for寻找；盼望 look around环顾 look over查看；检查
look through浏览 look back回顾 look up to尊敬；钦佩 look forward to盼望
look out for留心；注意察看 look like看起来像
put短语 put up举起；搭建；张贴 put down写下；放下 put back把……放回原处
put into注入；投入 put away放好 put on穿上；上演；增加put out熄灭put off推
迟
put through接通（电话）
turn短语 turn over翻身；（使）翻转 turn out结果是；证明是 turn on打开（电灯等）
turn off关闭（电灯等） turn away把……拒之门外 turn up开大；调高
turn down调低，关小；拒绝 turn in上交；归还 turn to求助于turn around（使）
转身
get短语 get up起床 get on上车（船、飞机等） get off下车（船、飞机等）get down下来
get into进入；陷入 get to到达 get back回来
go短语 go on继续 go away走开；离开；消失 go ahead 进行；前进
go along继续前进；沿着……走go by（时间）流逝 go over复习；仔细检查
go off 爆炸；（警报等）响起 go down下降go up上升；增长
go out 熄灭；出去（娱乐） go through通过 go back返回
give短语 give up放弃 give in屈服；让步give away捐赠；泄露give out散发；分发
give over停止；交出 give back归还；恢复
take短语 take up占用；开始从事 take down写下；记下take away带走；拿走
take over接收；接管 take out拿出；除去；扣除take care of照顾
take place举行；发生 take pride in以……为傲take part in参加
take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像 take the place of 代替
考向3 混合型
混合辨析，即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”，需要考生熟记动词短语。基础训练
1．Please _________ the pictures from the wall. We need to put up a new one on it.
A．take down B．take after C．take out D．take up
2．My alarm clock didn’t _________ this morning, so I was late for school.
A．put off B．cut off C．get off D．go off
3．Let me _________ the broken glass before someone walks on it.
A．fix up B．clean up C．make up D．put up
4．We should save natural resources (自然资源), or they will _________ one day.
A．put out B．sell out C．get out D．run out
5．—Ted, could you please _________ the rubbish?
—Of course, Mom.
A．take after B．take up C．take down D．take out
6．Lin Tao argues with his best friend. I advised him to _________ his best friend first.
A．look up B．call up C．put up D．set up
7．I don’t think it’s proper for parents to _________ their kids’ diaries.
A．look back B．look after C．look through D．look for
8．They were walking in the mountain. They _________ water and had nothing to drink.
A．ran across B．ran out of C．ran after D．ran away
9．He didn’t want to _________ the bus because it was raining outside.
A．get back B．get out C．get up D．get off
10．If you always ________ to others, you will end up feeling like a doormat (受气包).
A．give up B．give in C．give back D．give away
11．The last paragraph is unnecessary. Just ________.
A．cut it up B．cut it out C．cut up it D．cut out it
12．The Monkey King is not a normal monkey. He can ________ himself ________ different animals and objects.
A．turn; off B．turn; up C．turn; into D．turn; out
13．Teachers are very busy these days, for they have a lot of problems to ________.
A．deal with B．keep up with C．agree with D．come up with
14．—Julie, why did you ________ the job?
—Because I had found a better one.
A．turn up B．turn down
C．look for D．look through15．_______! Look at the floor, it is wet.
A．Go out B．Look out C．Break out D．Set out
16．—Children should learn some basic life skills, like cooking, washing clothes and tidying the room.
—I think so. They shouldn’t always ________ their parents.
A．look after B．depend on C．take pride in D．get on with
17．Ann wants to _________ her trip because she has work to do.
A．put off B．clean up C．try out D．give away
18．We must _________ the students can study in a quiet and peaceful classroom.
A．make sure B．find out C．give up D．try on
19．Miss Li asked us to _________ some new ideas for our radio play.
A．catch up with B．come up with
C．hand out D．bring out
20．You can _________ Cindy. She always keeps her promises.
A．look after B．hear from C．find out D．depend on
提升训练
1．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）During the Spring Festival, Chinese people usually ________ the Chinese
character “褔” upside down on the front door of a house.
A．put up B．put off C．put on D．put down
2．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）I am planning to ________ the new hobby in the summer holiday. I won’t
spend my spare time on my mobile phone all day long.
A．pick up B．turn up C．get up D．look up
3．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—I think my life is so boring.
—Why don’t you ________ some hobbies like singing or dancing?
A．put up B．take up C．get up D．show up
4．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Human beings should ________ the nature.
A．deal with B．come up with
C．catch up with D．get along well with
5．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）— Mum, could you please ________ the poster in my bedroom? I really like it!
— Sure, baby.
A．give up B．take up C．put up D．mop up
6．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）In Switzerland, a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes, people
_______ its rich resources to live.
A．carry on B．try on C．depend on D．put on
7．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—Mom, could I ________ the TV? I want to watch the news about space.
—Of course. And don’t sit too close.A．turn on B．turn off C．put on D．put off
8．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）I know how busy you are and I won’t ________ too much of your time.
A．take up B．set up C．make up D．put up
9．（2024·四川雅安·中考真题）—Shenzhou-18 was successfully launched (发射) into the space on April 25th,
2024.
—We Chinese____________ it.
A．run out of B．take care of C．are afraid of D．are proud of
10．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）We are supposed to ________ the lights when we leave the room.
A．turn down B．turn up C．turn off D．turn on
11．（2024·安徽·中考真题）There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will ________ well in the
end.
A．break up B．give up C．set out D．turn out
12．（2024·云南·中考真题）The students worked in groups to ________ the difficult problem in the math class.
A．work out B．turn down C．cut off D．worry about
13．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）My grandpa decided to ________ smoking for his health.
A．give away B．give out C．give back D．give up
14．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）When you ________ Mamianqun (horse-face skirt), you will sense the beauty
of China’s traditional clothing.
A．turn on B．get on
C．put on D．depend on
15．（2024·天津·中考真题）Email is one of the great ways to _________ friends.
A．take pride in B．keep clear of
C．get into the habit of D．stay in touch with
