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2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清
非谓语动词
1
考点复习
考点一 动词不定式
动词不定式、分词(现在分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词
和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用,因而没有语
法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限定,因为不是谓语,也
就没有时态和语态,但这些词仍能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形
式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系,因此也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和
状语,一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。非谓语动词在英
语语法中占有特殊且重要的位置。非谓语动词形式多样,应用广泛,且在句中起着很活跃的作用,
也是语法项目中的重点和难点,学好非谓语动词,才能正确进行口语和书面的交流。动词不定式、
过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词。
动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成,如:to study, to play,动词不定式虽然不能作谓语
动词用,但仍留着动词的特征,它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语,如:to
study hard, to play table tennis。
一、动词不定式的形式变化
动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式
to have been
主 动 to build to have built to be building
building
to have been
被 动 to be build
build
二、动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和
状语用,如:
(1)作主语:To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时,一般可用it作形式主语,而
将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如:It is good to help each other.)(2)作表语:My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之
后作表语,与表示将来时的 be + 动词不定式结构有所区别,如:Our plan is to set up another
middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动
词为is,动词不定式to set up… 为表语,主语为plan,但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语,即
动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。)We are to set up another middle school
for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的 are to set up整个结构为
句中谓语,主语为we,同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语,即动词不定式 to
set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。
(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语,如:She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾
语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager,
anxious, ready, sure等,如:I am determined to give up smoking.;③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾
语,但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时,就可作介词的宾语,如:Can you give us some advice on
what to do next?
(4)作宾语补足语,如:Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see,
hear, watch, notice, have, make, let 等,作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将 to省去,如:I saw a little
girl run across the street.
(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,须先用 it作形式宾语,而将该动词不
定式后置,如:I don’t think it right to do it that way.
(6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时,须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后,如:Is this the best
way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词,不定式后面就要用必要的介词,如:
He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为 place, time, way,不定式后面的介词,习
惯上可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.
(7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语: Every morning he gets up very
early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加 in order to或so as to(以
便或为了),但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads
China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首,也
可强调目的的作用,如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语:They
lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③ too + 形容词
或副词 + 动词不定式,表示“足能…”的结果,如:You are old enough to take care of yourselfnow.
三、复合结构不定式
由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中 for本身无意
义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语,这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语
或状语,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词
表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,就用介词 of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语,这些形
容词一般有 good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite 等,如:It is
very kind of you to help him every day.
四、疑问词 + 动词不定式
疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语,在句中可作主语、表语或宾语,如:
How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
五、动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定式是由 not + 动词不定式构成,如:It’s wrong of you not to attend the
meeting.
六、动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系
(1)一般式:动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,但在多
数情况下,是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生,如:We decided to plant more trees this spring.
(其后),They often watch us play table tennis.(同时);
(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,如:I am
sorryto have kept you waiting.
(3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中,而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同
时发生,如:She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.
七、动词不定式的被动语态用法
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般就用被动语
态形式,如:What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.
【典例示例】
1.______ in Northern Europe rose steadily in the third quarter of 2016, following a 0.1 percent
increase in the previous quarter.
A. Tourist spending B. Tourist spent
C. Tourist spend D. Tourist spends【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意"在2016年的第三季度北欧的旅游支出稳步上升,比上一季
度增长0.1%。" 和句子结构可知, "____in Northern Europe"是句子的主语,所以动词 spend
该用ing形式(即动名词),而Tourist是动名词的逻辑主语,所以A项(Tourist spending游客花
销/旅游支出)的结构正确且符合语境之意。故选A。
2.It’s natural for there ________ a generation gap between parents and their children.
A. being B. having been
C.to be D.to have been
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。it是形式主语,to do(动词不定式)作真正的主语。构成"It is +adj.
to do "结构。
3.It’s important for the figures ________ regularly.
A. to be updated B.to have been updated
C. to update D.to have updated
【答案】A
[解析]考查不定式短语作主语的用法。句意:数据定期更新很重要。 题干属于"It+be+adj +for
sb./sth.+不定式"结构,该结构中, " It"为形式主语,不定式为真正的主语。update与the figures
为动宾关系,所以不定式用被动形式,而且此处陈述的是一般情况;不涉及谓语动作与非谓语动
作的先后次序,故用不定式的一般被动式作主语,所以A项切题。
4.It’s interesting ________ the children __________there.
A. watching; playing B.to watch ; to play
C.to watch; playing D. watching ; play
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:看到孩子们在那儿玩非常有趣。由语境可知,孩子们正在那边
玩。该题考查watch sb. doing sth.结构,意为"看到某人正在做某事",故第二个空填
playing。doing做主语,表示经常性的动作。to do做主语,表示某一次的行为。由语境可
知,该处并不是经常性的动作。故要用to do作主语。C选项切题。
5.______ exactly what was wrong with him, the doctors gave him a complete examination.
A. To discover B. Discovering
C. Discovered D. Having been discovered【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语。句意:为了准确地发现他出了什么问题,医生给了他一个完整的检查。此
句中用动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。
考点二 动名词
动名词是动词的一种非限定形式,兼有动词和名词的特征,它可以带宾语,也能被状语修饰。
动名词接宾语或状语构成动名词短语。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词由动词原形家词尾-ing构成,与现在分词形式相同。动名词已经名词化了,而现在分
词常表示动作或状态。如:a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅(动名词,表用途) a sleeping child 正在睡觉
的孩子(现在分词,表状态)
一、句法功能
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、作主语
1)直接位于句首做主语。
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的
事而是一件痛苦的事。
注意:动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数
2)用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
这种用法在习惯句型中常用,常用句型:
It is + no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a
plessure… + v.ing
注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词后面不用动名词(常用不定式)。
3)用于“There be”结构中。
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史的车轮不可阻挡。
常用句型:There is no + v.ing = It is impossible to do …
注意:在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语。
4)用于布告形式的省略结构中。
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸烟。
No parking. 禁止停车。
5)动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格,构成动名词
的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。
Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。
2、作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:
advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep
on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟),deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏,感激), escape,
excuse, pardon, can’t stand, put off, give up等。例如:
Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗?
She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。
Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画,他禁不住大笑起来。
Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 每当马克违反交通规
则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。
在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词(短语)做宾语:find/think/consider… + it(形式宾语)
+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing(真正宾语)。例如:
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。
Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗?
形容词worth后也可接动名词,作为复合谓语的宾语。例如:
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
(2)作介词的宾语
能接动名词的短语有:think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…,depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devote…to…, look
forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be fond of, be interested in, be
tired of, be afraid of, spend…(in), feel like, prefer…to…, instead of, in case of等等。例如:
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?
Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a long time. 安好久以来就盼望着来中国。
在下面的结构中,介词in常可省略:
(1)S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +v.ing
(2)S + speng time/money + (in) +V.ing
(3)S + be busy + (in) +V.ing
(4)S + lose no time + (in) +V.ing (立即… …)
例如:We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准
备。
Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 要听懂英语口语你有困难
吗?
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名
词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。例如:
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate
most.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:
a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
二、动名词的复合结构
带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,
要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、
表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。例如:
Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help
encouraged all of us.)
Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless
caused so much trouble.)
What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling
them is that they have not enough food.)
在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常
用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。例如:
Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗?
The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。
Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。
His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。
例:I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you’re calling
(Key:C;换成your calling也对)
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语:
a.无命名词
例如:The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。
b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义
例如:Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗?
c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列
例如:Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事
吗?
三、动名词的形态变化
动名词的形态变化如下:
主动语态、 被动语态、
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done(一)时态
1、动名词一般式:表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动
作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生的动作。例如:
I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
2、动名词的完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。例如:
I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。
Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。
He denied having taken any money from the cash register. 他否认从现金出纳机里拿了钱。
(二)语态
动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。
(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其后发生。例如:
I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下,我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
He came in without being asked. 没有谁请他进来他自己进来了。
(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。例如:
I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
(3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,
这似乎是一种强大的习惯。例如:
Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。
I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。
(4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,
尤其是在口语中。例如:
I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园,可我忘了。
四、动名词的否定式:not + V.ing
I regret not being able to help you. 我很抱歉不能帮助你。
I apologize for not having waited for you. 没有等你,我向你表示歉意。
五、动名词与动词不定式的区别:
1. 作主语或表语时
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语,在意义上相近,但动名词多用来表示泛指的抽象的动作或经常性的动作;不定式多用来表示特指或具体的动作,特别是将来的动作。比较:
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
My job is teaching English.
Our task now is to increase food production. 我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。
2. 在like, hate, prefer等动词后
如果表示一般倾向,多用动名词做宾语;如指特定的或具体的某次行为,用不定式更多一些。
例如:
I like reading books in my spare time.
I like to read that book.
They prefer walking to cycling.
He prefers to stay at home today.
3. 有些动词后即可用动名词也可以不定式做宾语(如 like, love, hate, dislike, begin, start,
continue, want, need, stop, remember, forget, try, attempt等)。
有时区别不大,如:
Let’s continue working/to work.
When did you begin learning/to learn English?
但有时两种结构之间含义不同,如remember, forget, regret, try, stop, mean, go on等。例如:
He tried speaking English to us. 他试着用英语和我们讲话。
Please try to do it better next time. 下次请设法做得更好些。
This means setting out at once. 这意味着立即出发。
He really meant to come. 他确实打算来的。
4.在表示“需要”意思的want, need, require, deserve等动词后
当主语表事物时,其后既可用动名词的主动式也可用不定式的被动式表被动含义。例如:
My watch needs repairing/to be repaired.
The house wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
The way deserves mentioning/to be mentioned.
These young trees will require looking after/to be looked after carefully.
5. 在allow, permit, advise, recommend, consider, forbid等词后,常用动名词做宾语,用不定式
做宾语补足语。例如:We don’t allow smoking here.
Her mother doesn’t allow her to stay up late.
注意:Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
六、动名词与现在分词的区别
1、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事, 此时系动词相当于“是”, 通常把主语和表语的位置
互换,语法和意思不变, 例如:
My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)
②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质, 不能与主语互换位置, 但可加very, quite等副词修饰,
例如:
The story is (very) interesting. ( 不可改为:Interesting is the story )
③动名词作表语时,不可与进行时态相混淆,如:
Her job is washing clothes. (动名词做表语)
She is washing clothes now. (现在进行时)
2、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。
试比较:a swimming boy和a swimming suit
前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming ,现在分词swimming 表示被
修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming , 动名词swimming表示
suit 的用途。
【典例示例】
动名词作定语,动名词表性质或用途或功能。
swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 饮用水
swimming suit 游泳衣 waiting room 候车室
sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停车场
sleeping pill 安眠药 parking meter 停车计时
writing desk 写字桌 sewing machine 缝纫机
writing paper 信纸 operating table 手术室
diving suit 潜水衣 reading room 阅览室
diving board 跳板 threshing ground 打谷场washing machine 洗衣机 boxing competition 拳击比赛
washing powder 洗衣粉 speaking contest 演讲比赛
drawing board 绘图板 checking account 活期账户
drawing pin 图钉 banking system 银行系统
fishing pole 钓鱼杆 fishing line 钓鱼线
考点三 分词
专题一 现在分词
一、现在分词的形式
1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成,其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。
例如:The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。
The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October.
2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成,其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分
词”。
例如:Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有工作后,他们好好地休
息了一下。
Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood, the boy is still very sensitive about
his appearance so far.
3. 现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”,被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”,其
完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。
例如:Not reading carefully, he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before.
Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 没被公众所关注,年轻的
作家感到有点遗憾。
Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有回应,因此他决定再写一封信。
二、现在分词的用法
1. 作定语 现在分词作定语,具有形容词的性质。一般说来,单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定
语,修饰名词;如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。
例如:Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。
We live in a room facing the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。
2. 作表语 现在分词作表语时总是放在系动词的后面,构成系表结构,表示主语的状态。
例如:The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来很有趣。The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. 未来充满希望,前所未有地鼓舞
人心。
It is annoying that the meeting should be put off. 会议要推迟,真是恼人。
3. 作宾语补足语 现在分词作宾语补足语,通常用在感官动词或使役动词的宾语后面,表示主动
或动作正在进行。
例如:Some people leave the water running after washing hands. 有些人洗完手后就让水依然流
着。
When I found him cheating, I decided not to accept his flatteries and apologies any more.
当我发现他欺骗我时,我决定再不接受他的奉承和道歉了。
4. 作状语 现在分词作状语,相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句。
根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。
1) 表示时间,相当于状语从句when, while。
例如:He went through the papers while listening to music. 他边浏览报纸,边听音乐。
Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life. 在家乡学习的时候,
我享受了这一生最快乐的时光。
2) 表示条件,相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
例如:Being given once more time, I will finish the task! 假如再给我一次机会,我会完成
任务的!
Preparing fully, we are sure to pass the test. 如果准备充分,我们肯定能通过考试。
3) 表示原因,相当于原因状语从句because, since, for, as, etc.
例如:Not understanding the relationship between the two cases, I asked the lawyer about it.
由于不明白两个案子之间的关系,我咨询了律师。
Being ill, she can't go to work today. 因为生病,今天她不能上班了。
4) 表示让步,相当于though, although或no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。
例如:Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管了解了这一切,他们还是
让我赔偿损失。
Although working hard every day, we still have endless work to deal with. 我们即使每天拼
命干活,还是有处理不完的工作。
5) 表示结果,相当于结果状语从句。
例如:His parents' letter has just come, relieving him from anxiety. 他父母的来信刚刚到,可解了他的焦躁了。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, causing the delay. 他们的车遇上了交通堵塞,结果耽
搁了。
6)表示方式或伴随状语。
例如:They lay on the grass, looking at the sky. 他们躺在草地上,仰望着填空。
The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping. 孩子们从房间里跑出来,欢笑着,
蹦跳着。
根据上述现在分词的用法,我们可以了解到问题中涉及的句子中的动词-ing 形式,即
completing 一词,并不是动名词形式。在这个句子中出现了 while,引导时间状语,因此
completing为现在分词形式,表示句中的时间。全句意为:必须能够六天不睡觉,同时完成其他
一些任务。
专题二 过去分词
一、过去分词的基本用法
过去分词只有一种形式,也没有主动语态,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分
词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该
分词所表示的动作的承受者,如:
1.作定语:过去分词作定语时,如果这个分词是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是分词短
语,就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词,就是该分词的逻辑主语,如:The stolen car
was found by the police last week.
2.作表语:过去分词作表语时,表示其逻辑主语所处的状态,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语,如:The
glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注:过去分词作表语时,和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的
意义不同,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去
分词在许多词典中已列为形容词,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced,
frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed,
worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
3.作宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语,如:When I opened the
door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:动词have后的复合宾语中,宾语补足语如为过去分词,
常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的,如:I had my bike repaired
yesterday. 昨天我(找别人)把我的自行车给修了。
4.作状语:过去分词作状语时,相当于一个状语从句,该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语,是过去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确,常在分词前加 when, if, while,
though, as等连词,如:Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/
If given more time, we could have done it better.(we是该结构的逻辑主语,是give的逻辑宾语。)
二、独立主格
上述-ing和过去分词的用法中,-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语,但有时它们也能有自己的独立
的主语,这种独立的主语,一般为名词或代词,位于其前之前,和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主
格在句中一般只作状语用,而-ing和过去分词作用的形式,则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所
表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词,则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作
的主动被动关系而定,如:
The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.
注:The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest.
①独立结构中的being或having been常可省去,
如:The meeting (being) over, all left the room.
②作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替,
如:She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.
专题三 现在分词与过去分词的比较
现在分词与过去分词都可以在句中起形容词和副词的作用,可作定语、表语、补足
语和状语。
1) 作定语 现在分词作定语,多表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行,也可表示经常性
的动作或状态;而过去分词作定语,则多表示分词动作先于谓语动词发生的动作或表示被动关系。
分词短语作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如:The man standing at the window is our teacher. 站在窗户边的男子是我们的老师。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。
2) 作表语 现在分词和过去分词作表语时都放在系动词之后,构成系表结构,表示主语所处
的状态。
例如:I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 我想这时商店关门了。
The idea seems quite convincing. 这个主意好像很有说服力。
3) 作宾语补足语 现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语,通常用在感官动词(如hear, see,
notice, watch, feel, look at等)或使役动词(如make, let, have等)的宾语之后,亦可以用于“with+复
合宾语”结构中。选择使用现在分词还是过去分词主要取决于宾语和动词的关系,如果两者间是主动关系就用现在分词,如果是被动关系则用过去分词。
例如:We watched the teacher making the experiment carefully. 我们仔细地看老师做实验。
When he came in, he found the window broken. 当他进来时,发现窗户被打破了。
4) 作状语 分词作状语时,现在分词往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系,表示时间、原因、
方式、结果、条件、伴随情况等;过去分词一般表示被动关系或已经完成的动作,表示原因、时
间、条件、伴随情况等。
例如:Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out. 听到呼救声,他们都冲了出来。
Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever. 受到老师的鼓励,我们比以前更努
力地学习。
【扩展】分词短语作状语时,它表示的动作或状态有逻辑上的主语,这个意义上的主语与句
中主语是一致的,即所指的同一个人或同一件事物。
例如:Looking up at Tom, I listened to the story of Washington. 我抬头看着汤姆,听着华盛顿的
故事。(look up 和listen to 都是“我”发出的动作)
如果分词短语意义上的主语与句中主语不是同一个人或物,就必须有一个名词或一个主格代
词作它意义上的主语,放在前面构成一个独立短语,这种“名词(主格代词)+分词”的结构称为带
主语的独立结构。
例如:The bus being very crowded, he had to stand. 公共汽车很挤,他只好站着。(分词的逻辑
主语是the bus,句子的主语是he)
It being fine, I’ll go fishing. 天气好的话,我将去钓鱼。(分词的逻辑主语是It,句子的主语是
I)
形容词性的现在分词与过去分词的区别
分词用作形容词时,present(现在)和past(过去)这两个术语并不能说明它们的真正作用,它们
的主要区别在于语态和时间关系上。
1) 语态不同 现在分词表示主动关系,过去分词表示被动的意思。
例如:a sleeping boy 正在睡觉的孩子 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳
a burnt child 一个烧伤的孩子 a raised hand 举起的手
2) 时间关系不同 一般来说现在分词表示的动作可能与句中限定动词所指的动作同时发生,
也可能不同时发生;而过去分词指过去的时间或已经完成的动作。
例如:boiling water沸水 an interesting story 激动人心的故事
boiled water 冷开水 a fallen leaf落叶 a retired teacher退休教师【注意】英语中有许多表示人的情感类的形容词需注意区别:现在分词往往来说明某事物所
具有的某种性质、特征;而过去分词往往用来说明人受外在条件影响所产生的情感。
例如:interesting 有趣的,令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的,对……表现出兴趣的;
disappointing令人失望的,令人灰心的 disappointed失望的,沮丧的;
puzzling令人困惑的,令人迷惑不解的,puzzled 困惑的;迷惑不解的;
exciting令人激动的,使人兴奋的,excited激动的,兴奋的。
根据现在分词与过去分词的区别情况,可以判断原句前半句中,存在分词作状语的情况,分
词的逻辑主语与后面的主句主语一致,由于表示的是被动的关系,说明了 prisoners often
suffer from loneliness的原因,因此应该选择过去分词的两项C和D。选项中cut的四个固定词
组分别为:cut out“停止作用”;cut sth. down“砍倒,夺取,减少”;cut in“驶入车道过
急,插嘴,加入”;cut off“切去,打断,使孤立”,根据句意,应该选择 D。全句意为:由
于与家人和朋友相隔离,囚犯们常常深受寂寞之苦。
【典例示例】
1.The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.
A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood
【答案】A
【解析】_____ in one corner在句中做后置定语,修饰bookshelf,语态根据其逻辑主语a bookshelf
和stand之间的逻辑关系来断定,二者之间为主谓关系,即主动关系,应用现在分词;而 to stand
表将来或表目的,与句意矛盾;C项stands为谓语,此句中已经有谓语is empty,所以可排除;而
D项stood为过去分词,表示被动或完成;用在此句中显然也不符合要求。
2.I stopped the car _____ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
【答案】C
【解析】A项动词原形做谓语,不符合语法;B项现在分词taking则和the car构成了主谓关系,
成了汽车休息;C项为动词不定式做目的状语。不定式做目的状语时,句子的主语就是不定式动
作的发出者。我停下车来我去休息一会儿。D项taken和the car构不成被动关系。不能说车被休
息,所以可排除。
3. _______ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
A. Having eaten B. to eat C. Eat D. Eating
【答案】A【解析】。因为本句中以前在这家餐厅吃过饭的动作发生的时间显然要早于主句的动作即不愿再
去那里就餐这一动作发生的时间,所以应用 V-ing的完成式即having done。所以答案为A。B项
to eat表示目的;C项eat动词原形不能做非谓语;D项eating表示主动,不符合句意。
4. Let those in need ______ that we will go all out to help them.
A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词中的不定式做宾语补足语。从句意上看,空处表达的是“让某人做
某事”,而let 之后的宾语接不定式作宾语的时候,要省去不定式符号 to,即要用let sb do 的形
式,故答案是B。
5.The witnesses ______ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词做定语。解题关键是判断出动词的时态和语态。从语态上看,证人
是被询问,排除选项D;从时态上看,just now以及gave是关键词,说明动作是过去发生的,排
除选项B,C。
2
知识强化
一、单项选择
1. You can hardly imagine a child ______ so cruelly.
A. to treat B. to be treated C. treating D. being treated
2. ________ themselves in community service, students can gain some experience for growth.
A. Involved B. To involve C. Having been involved D. Involving
3. With prices________ up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
A. go B. went C. going D. gone
4. ________her best friend Lisa for a long time, Michele emailed her and asked how she was going recently.
A. Having not heard from B. Not having heard from
C. Not hearing from D. Heard from5. Do you wake up every morning________ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A. to feel B. being felt C. felt D. feeling
6. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves________ for words.
A. losing B. lost C. loses D. be lost
7. Tsinghua University, ________ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A. founded B. being founded C. to found D. having founded
8. I have a lot ______ before the exam so I can’t watch too much TV now.
A. to be done B. doing C. to do D. do
9. —Who did the teacher have _____ a speech for the graduation ceremony just now?
—I have no idea, either.
A. addressed B. address C. addressing D. to address
10. Museums in Tianjin are on the move, ______ exhibits that entertain and educate.
A. added B. adding C. to add D. having added
11. _____ to resemble a lotus flower, Singapore’s Art Science Museum appears to float above the water that
surrounds it.
A. Being shaped B. To shape C. Shaped D. Shaping
12. The expert gives many presentations and talks in order to get more people ________ in the conversation of
ocean life.
A. involving B. involved C. being involved D. involve
13. — What’s it that cost him the job?
—________ experience. He was always very nervous.
A. Lacked B. Being lacked C. Lacking D. Lacking of
14. Mr. Zhang has retired, but he still remembers the happy time________ with his students.
A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
15. The energy program ______ at reducing our dependence on fossil fuels has made considerable breakthroughs
in the past decades.
A. aiming B. aimed C. being aiming D. to aim
16. ________the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears to be more mature than those of
her age.
A. Having spent B. Spending C. to spend D. Spend
17. The building________now is our future classroom.A. being built B. built C. to be built D. is being built
18. ________ more time, we would have done the work better.
A. Give B. Giving C. To give D. Given
19. Yesterday I went to see him, only________that he had gone to Beijing.
A. learn B. learning C. learned D. to learn
20. China has become the third nation________a man into space.
A. having sent B. sending C. to send D. to be sent
21. He walked up and down in the room,________in thought.
A. lose B. losing C. lost D. to lose
22. I didn’t mean________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.
A. eating B. to eat C. to be eating D. having eaten
23. My car needs________but I forgot________it to the repair shop.
A. to repair; to take B. repairing; to take
C. to be repaired; taking D. repairing; taking
24. It took years of work________the industrial pollution and clear the water.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
25. It is no use________without taking action.
A. complaining B. complain C. to complain D. complained
26. ________ well in the coming Art Festival, the children have been practicing dancing every afternoon in the
past two weeks.
A. Performing B. Having performed C. To perform D. Performed
27. ________ as the culprits behind climate change is a fact that most city dwellers wouldn’t accept ________.
A. Being regarded … it B. Being regarded … /
C. Regarded … it D. Regarded … /
28. Stranded ________ a beach in Argentina and suffering from severe dehydration were six killer whales each
________ between 3 and 4 tons.
A. on … weighed B. on … weighing
C. off … weighed D. off … weighing
29. ________ into so many frustrations and hardships through my career, I can easily ________ to the leading
character’s struggle to find financial success.
A. Running … identify B. Running … relateC. Having run … identify D. Having run … relate
30. Lindsay wanted ________ a chance to improve her spoken English.
A. there was B. there to be C. there being D. there is
31. This is a programme ________ by The Gorilla Organization to raise money to save the world’s last ________
gorillas from dying out.
A. is run; remaining B. run; remained C. is run; remained D. run; remaining
32. Education, ________ with recreation, is what some film-makers want to put into their films.
A. combining B. combined C. being combined D. having combined
33. Lincoln gave them a new vision of ________ the United States of America should be, ________ on the ideals
________ down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.
A. which; based; setting B. where; basing; set
C. what; based; set D. where; basing; setting
34. ______ enough care, the children can cooperate better.
A. To give B. Giving C. Having given D. Given
35. Bing Dwen Dwen, has a massive fan base, and people are going crazy for products the smiling
panda.
A. featuring B. featured C. to feature D. feature
36. The teacher was very strict, ______ the little girl so nervous that she forgot her lines.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
37. Success is the sum of small efforts, ______ day in and day out.
A. repeat B. to repeat C. repeating D. repeated
38. In recent years, we have seen large areas of wetland ______ by human activity.
A. damage B. damaged C. damaging D. to damage
39. Those ______ to join this club should sign here.
A. wish B. wished C. wishing D. are wishing
40. You can make yourself ________ in English well if you keep on speaking the language.
A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood
41. ________ by Ren Changxia’s deeds, many young girls want to be a policewoman in the future.
A. To be inspired B. Having inspired C. Being inspired D. Inspired
42. Don’t leave her ______ outside in the rain any longer, or she will catch a cold.
A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. wait43. While ________ the daily routines in the staff office, we could hear at least three languages ________ at the
tables around us.
A. discussing; being spoken B. we were discussing; speaking
C. discussed; being spoken D. discussing; speaking
44. Let’s show our sincere respect for doctors, nurses, volunteers or anyone ________ in fighting against the
epidemic.
A. involving B. having been involved
C. involved D. having involved
45. Facial recognition technology employed in office buildings ______ the time it takes the security staff ______
routine safety check.
A. have reduced; performing B. has reduced; performing
C. has reduced; to perform D. have reduced; to perform
46. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ______ a gun and his face ______ with sweat.
A. held; covered B. holding; covering
C. holding; covered D. held; covering
47. ________in the queue for two hours, Jack suddenly realized that he had left his identity card at home.
A. Waited B. Having been waited C. Having waited D. To wait
48. The goods ________on the Internet are cheaper than ________we buy in shops.
A. being bought; that B. bought; those
C. bought; that D. be bought; those
49. The thief was caught _________money from the shop and ________ by the local police just now.
A. stealing, was being questioned B. to steal, had been questioned
C. stealing, was questioned D. to steal, was being questioned
50. At the back yard, we found him ________on a bench with a ________face.
A. seated; worrying B. sit; worried
C. sitting; worrying D. seated; worried
二、语法填空
1
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
The Wandering Earth is a Chinese science fiction movie, ___51___ is based on the novel of ___52___ same
name by Liu Cixin, and was released on February 5, 2019, the Chinese New Year’s Day.After learning the sun is dying out ,people all around the world feel ___53___(panic),so they build giant
planet thrusters(星球推进器)to move the earth out of its orbit and sail ____54____to a new star system. The 2500
years’ journey comes with unexpected dangers, but in order to save humanity, a group of young people come out
bravely and fight hard for everyone’s____55____ (survive)。
We ____56____ (impress) to see the theme of this film. It doesn’t particularly show somebody’s ability to
save our world ___57___ shows all the human beings are working together,____58____(spare)no effort to save
this world.
The Wandering Earth is seen by people ____59____the dawn(开端) of Chinese science fiction movies. It
means that China’s sci-fi movies have____60____(official) set sail.
语法填空
Just now, I entered the website “Topic for Today” . I feel ____61____ (interest) in the report on middle school
students’ using cell-phones on campus. In fact,more students now come to school ____62____ cell-phones. My
schoolmates have different opinions. Some think ____63____is convenient to get in touch with others with the cell-
phone, ___64___also makes them feel safe especially in time of trouble. Besides , it is nice to
enjoy ____65____(variety) functions of different cell-phones.
Others think differently. First,the cell-phone is not ____66____must in school,as there are some IC phones
there, ___67___(make) it easy to call others. Second, many students often play e-games and
send____68____ (message) with their cell-phones, even in class, which will surely have bad effects on their study.
What’s more, a large amount of time and money will____69____(waste).In my opinion, the cell-phone is a useful
tool in our daily life. But it doesn’t mean we can use it _____70_____free) in school.
A few months after returning the US from Germany, I took part in a college course in French. Since I had
learned to speak German good in Germany, I thought that it might be interested to begin studying another language.
2
阅读下面短文,在空自处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡上。
I will never forget the day when I went to a coming-of age ceremony. Last month, an unforgettable adult
ceremony ___71___(hold) for all the senior 3 students in our school. It began at half past two in the afternoon.
Decorated by colorful flowers and balloons, the stadium looked ___72___(fantastic) beautiful. All of us students
were dressed ___73___ school uniforms with red ribbons on our wrists, showing the energy of youth. We walked
into the stadium in high spirits. ___74___(accompany) by our parents. Our principal delivered___75___inspiring
speech at first, and we received ___76___(congratulate) from our teachers. During the ceremony, we expressed ourheart-felt gratitude to our parents by___77___(bow) to them. I was moved to tears when I got a photo album from
my parents, ___78___ reminded me of my happy childhood. In the end, we raised our right hands and
___79___(make) a serious promise to become reliable and honest citizens. As far as I’m concerned, the ceremony
indicates that we should take on more responsibilities to be ____80____(independence) and get away from the
shelter of our family.
3
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea.
We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, ___81___ more than 160 million cups drunk every day,
but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into ___82___ popular pastime.
This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea ____83____ (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice
sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the
afternoon! Afternoon tea, ____84____ (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner,
dates back to the 1840s. It went on to become a ____85____ (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.
Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its ____86____ (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can
afford it. ___87___ it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel of café. But if you’re
thinking of visiting such a place ___88___ (enjoy) a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew,
remember the rules you must follow to avoid ____89____ (ask) to leave.
Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the
ceremony known as afternoon tea”. I’m sure once you try it, you ____90____(agree).
The story happened in ancient times. A king was so clever that he thought of a good way to test ____91____
his men were reliable.
One day, he had a huge rock ____92____ (place) on a roadway at night. Then he hid ____93____ (him)
nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock. Some ____94____ (wealth)
businessmen and high officials came by, but they simply walked around it. Many of them even loudly blamed the
king for not keeping the roads clear, but none of them would bother ____95____ (get) the big stone out of the
way.
Then a villager came along carrying a load of vegetables. On ____96____ (approach) the big rock, he stopped
and laid down his burden, trying hard to move the stone to the side of the road. After much pushing, he
____97____ (final) succeeded. As the villager picked up his load of vegetables, he noticed a purse lying in the roadwhere the rock ____98____ (be). The purse contained many gold coins and a note from the king, saying that the
gold was for the person ____99____ removed the huge rock from the road.
The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents
____100____ opportunity to improve one’s condition.
4
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
In our daily life, we often meet with difficulties. Some people do nothing but wait, while others try hard to
conquer___101___. Personally, we should face with difficulties positively and make every effort to overcome them.
My memory drew me back to five years ago when I was ___102___ middle school student. At that time, I had
great trouble studying English. First of all, I felt it hard to memorize English ___103___(word). Besides I didn’t
dare to say anything in class when ___104___ (ask) questions. What annoyed me most was that I failed exams
____105____(constant). I was about to give up ___106___ my English teacher found my problems. He encouraged
me and gave me some good advice. So ____107____ (inspire) by him, I decided to settle my
problems.__108__(follow) his advice, I made progress gradually. I owe my achievement __109__ the teacher
whose encouragement was of great ____110____.(important).
5
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)
There was a young flower in the desert __111__all was dry and sad looking... It was growing by
itself,__112__(enjoy) every day and saying to the sun, " __113__shall I be grown up?" And the sun would say
"Be__114__(patience) ! Each time I touch you, you grow a little." She was so pleased, __115__she would have a
chance to bring beauty to this corner of sand. And this is all she wanted to do - bring a little bit of beauty to this
world.
__116__one day the hunter came by and stepped on her. She was going to die and she felt so sad, not because she
was__117__(die), but because she would __118__(ever) have a chance to bring a little bit of beauty to this corner
of the desert.
The great spirit saw her, and was listening. - Indeed, he said... She should be living... So he reached down and
touched her -- and gave her__119__second life.
Finally she grew up to be a beautiful flower. And this corner of the desert also became so beautiful
because__120__the little flower.
三、完成句子121. 随着越来越多的人重视环境,我有信心一个光明的未来正在等着我们。
With more and more people ________ great ________ ________ the environment, I am confident that a bright
future is awaiting us.
122. 云南省位于中国西南部,是一个毗邻老挝,越南和缅甸的美丽省份。
________ ________ southwest China, Yunnan Province is a beautiful province bordering on Laos, Vietnam and
Myanmar.
123. 他要求我们协助他完成计划。
He asked us to assist him in ________ ________ his plan.
124. 陷入这种习惯很容易,戒掉它却很难。
________ ________the habit was easy, but it was difficult to quit the habit.
125. 也许你有一个很棒的想法,但在你决定付诸行动之前,权衡一下这个选择的利弊是明智之举。
You may have a brilliant idea, but before you decide to put it into action, ________ of this option.
126. He is going to Canada to ________ ________ ________ (寻找成功致富之路) next year.(根据汉语提示完
成句子)
127. 我喜欢这本书清晰的书写方式,各种引人入胜的知识给每一章都赋予了生命。
I like how the book is clearly written with each chapter ________ ________ life by pieces of fascinating
knowledge.
128. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true ________ for the eyes,
with its rolling green hills ________ with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美,郡县草木葱茏,青山连绵起伏,牛羊点缀其中,堪称一场名副其
实的视觉盛宴。
129. ________ by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time.”
他被这段音乐打动了,他说:“那种(兴奋的)感觉就如同第一次看见色彩一样。”
130. She believes that it is highly important to ________ the digital divide and make sure that everyone has
________ to the Internet and knows how to use new technology.
她认为,消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术,是非常重要的。
131. They use the same flag, ________ as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and
military ________.
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样,他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
132. 有时候我们可以通过挣脱传统思维方式来让自己变得更有创造力。
Sometimes we can make ourselves more creative by ________ ________ ________ traditional ways of thinking.133. 在那期间,尽管疾病让他承受巨大疼痛,他仍专心投入学习。
During that time, he ________ ________ ________ his study ________ ________ ________ great pain caused by
his disease.
134. 不管他或她有多么聪明、多么努力,每一名学生在学习中总会遇到困难,从缺乏信心到学习方法。
(range)
________he or she is, every student will come across difficulties in his or her study, ________to study methods.
135. 在中国做过多次的负责任的志愿者,我相信自己就是你们想要的合适的人。(分词做状语)
________for many times in China, I believe that I’m ________.
136. 许多连绵不绝的绿色小山环绕着, 这个宁静乡村的风景真是一场视觉盛宴。(with复合结构, roll)
________it, the landscape of peaceful village is ________.
137. 直到那时我才意识到当时我是有多蠢才和我所有的朋友决裂。(倒装句)
________that how foolish I am ________all of my friends.
138. 商家利用了这些节日庆典,每年都赚一大笔。
With businesses ________ ________ ________ these ________, they earn a large sum of money every year.
139. 得知家人都安全是一个很大的欣慰。
It was ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ that my family were all safe.
140. 我国已经向意大利派出一支由六名专家组成的医疗队。
Our country has sent a medical team ________ ________ ________ six experts to Italy.
141. 我代表我们学校热情,真诚地欢迎你们来到中国。
________our school, I welcome you to China warmly and sincerely.
142. 我想要以书作伴(让书陪伴我)而不是电脑。
Instead of computer, I want books to _______ _______ _______.
143. 已经决定建立一个10名医生和15名护士的医疗队。
It has been decided that a medical team will be set up, ___________ __________ ten doctors and fifteen nurses.
144. 既然你有如此热情,也很自信,我似乎没有理由拒绝你。
Since you are so enthusiastic and confident, I have no reason to ________ ________ ________.
145. 约翰专注于这幅画, 没有注意到夜晚来临。
___________ ______________the painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
146. 这是一个许多人失业并艰难谋生的时期。
This was a time ____________ many people were out of work and had difficulty __________ ___________
__________.147. 如果你在一个大家庭长大,你就更有可能发展与他人和睦相处的能力。
If you grow up in a large family, you are __________ ___________ __________ ___________ the ability to get on
well with others.
148. 节日正在变得越来越商业化,商家会利用这些庆祝活动。
Festivals are becoming more and more commercial, with business __________ __________ __________ the
celebrations.
149. 去年他的朋友去了一个新的城市寻找成功致富之路。
His friend went to a new city to __________ __________ __________ last year.
150. 中国是个发展国家,属于第三世界。
China is a developing country, ___________ _________ the third world.
151. 我等了一个小时报名参加远程学习课程。
I waited an hour _______ _______ _______ _______ a distance-learning course.
152. 管住一个班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。
It’s no easy task _______ _______ _______ _______ a class of young children.
153. 林巧稚被称为“万婴之母”,她一生中亲手接生的婴儿有五万多名。
_______ ________ over 50, 000 babies in her lifetime, Lin Qiaozhi was known as the “mother of ten thousand
babies”.
154. 实话说,整晚放烟花确实很烦人。
To be frank, the fireworks ________ ________ throughout the night were really annoying.
155. 达成协议的希望看来已逐渐渺茫。
Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be __________________.
156. 李先生十八岁时,往台北独自寻找成功致富的道路。
Li went to Taipei to ________ by himself when he was eighteen years old.
157. 我们试图弄清楚文化是如何影响你的睡眠方式的。
We’re trying to ________ how culture shapes the way you sleep.
158. 我们现在还供养不起他们,也不能为他们提供补给。
We can’t ________ them now and we can’t get them supplies.
159. 那些住得远离家乡的人都会在春节前回到家乡与家人团聚。(-ing做后置定语)
People ___________ from home will go back to their hometown ___________.
160. 作者成功地达成了他的目的,用生动的描述展现了诚实的重要性。(ing作状语)
The author ____________, ____________with vivid description.参考答案
一、
1. D
【解析】考查语态、现在分词和固定搭配。句意:你很难想象一个孩子受到如此残酷的对待。分析句子可
知,imagine sb. doing sth.为固定搭配,表示“想象某人做某事”,所以空处应填动词的现在分词形式作宾
补,且treat与其逻辑主语child之间是被动关系,所以空处应填现在分词的被动语态being treated,表示
“正被对待”。故选D项。
2. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:学生可以通过参加社区服务获得成长的经历。students can gain some
experience for growth为主句,students为主语,此处做状语,主语students与involve之间为逻辑上的主动
关系,故应用现在分词involving做状语,故选D。
3. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:随着物价上涨得太快,我们买不起奢侈品。分析句子可知,此处为with
的复合结构,其中prices和go up为主动关系,故填非谓语动词中的现在分词形式表示主动。故选C项。
4. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:很久没有得到她最好的朋友丽莎的消息了,米歇尔给她发了一封电子邮
件,问她最近怎么样了。分析句子可知,句中有谓语动词“emailed”且句中无连词,故空格处应用非谓语
动词,“hear from”意为“收到……的信,得到……消息”,句子主语“Michele”和“hear”之间为逻辑上的
主谓关系,且“hear from”的动作发生在谓语动词“emailed”的动作之前,故应用现在分词的完成式
“having done”,在句中作状语,根据句意可知,米歇尔很久“没有”得到她最好的朋友丽莎的消息了,应
用“having done”的否定形式“not having done”,“hear”的过去分词为“heard”,句首单词首字母大写,故
空格处应填“Not having heard from”。故选B项。
5. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:你每天早上起床是否感觉精力充沛,已经准备好了迎接新的一天?此处
做状语,主语为you,feel与主语you之间为主动关系,故应用现在分词feeling做状语,故选D。
6. B
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:即使是最好的作家有时也会发现自己无言以对。分析句子结构可知,句中
谓语是find,空格处用非谓语动词,“be lost for words”是固定短语,意为“无言以对”,因此空格处是
lost,作宾语补足语,故选B。7. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:建于 1911年的清华大学培养了大量的优秀人物。分析句子可知,
“________ in 1911”是后置定语修饰名词Tsinghua University,found是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语Tsinghua
University之间为被动关系,且“found”这一动作已经完成,故应用过去分词作定语,表示被动和完成。故
选A。
8. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:考试前我有很多事情要做,所以我现在不能看太多电视。分析句意可知,
此处应用动词不定式作后置定语,have sth to do“有事要做”是习惯用法,不定式表示将来含义,且此处为
主动表被动。故选C项。
9. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:——刚才老师让谁在毕业典礼上发言了?——我也不知道。分析句子结
构可知,句子谓语动词是have,所以空处需填非谓语动词,have sb do...“让某人做……”,空处应填动词
原形address,作宾语补足语。故选B项。
10. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:天津的博物馆正在发展中,增加了娱乐和教育的展品。动词不定式表示
目的或出乎预料的结果且有将来含义;现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前;分析可知,add
是非谓语动词,作伴随状语,与其逻辑主语Museums in Tianjin之间是主动关系,应用现在分词一般式表主
动和正在发生。故选B项。
11. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:新加坡艺术科学博物馆的形状像一朵莲花,似乎漂浮在周围的水面上。
句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语Singapore’s Art Science Museum与shape之间为被动
关系,所以用过去分词作状语。故选C。
12. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了让更多的人参与到海洋生物的对话中来,这位专家做了许多演讲和
会谈。分析句子可知,句中涉及“get+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,“be involved in…”意为“参与……”,
“people”和“involve”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用“involve”的过去分词“involved”作宾语补足语。
故选B项。
13. C
【解析】考查动名词。句意:——究竟是什么让他失去了这份工作?——缺乏经验。他总是很紧张。此处
是一个省略句,完整句子应该是Lacking experience cost him the job.( 缺乏经验让他失去了这份工作。),用来回答问句中的“what”,再根据句意可知要用动名词短语的主动形式 Lacking experience(缺乏经验)在句中
作主语;A项和B项都表被动,不符合句意;动词lack是及物动词,可直接接宾语,不需要用介词of,排
除D项。故选C项。
14. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:张先生已经退休了,但是他仍然记得和学生们一起度过的快乐时光。
A.to spend度过,为to do不定式;B.spend度过,为动词原形;C.spending度过,为现在分词形式;D.spent
度过,为过去分词形式。判断happy time和spend的逻辑关系,二者属于动宾关系,表被动,在非谓语中,
过去分词表被动。故选D项。
15. B
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:过去几十年,旨在减少我们对化石燃料依赖的能源计划取得了相当大的突
破。分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是“has made”,空格处用非谓语动词,“be aimed at”是固定短语,意为
“旨在,为了”,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,作后置定语,故选B。
16. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:Linda在香港做了一年的交换生,她看起来比同龄人更成熟。分析可知,
非谓语动词spend和主语之间是主动关系,且动作发生在谓语动作之前,故应用其现在分词的完成式作状
语。故选A项。
17. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:正在被建的建筑物是我们未来的教室。A. being built现在分词被动式,
表示正在被;B. built过去分词,表示被动和完成;C. to be built不定式的被动式,表示将要被;D. is being
built现在进行时的被动语态。分析句子可知,build在句中作后置定语修饰名词building,是非谓语动词,
与其逻辑主语building之间是被动关系,结合时间状语now可知,“修建正在进行中”,应用现在分词的
被动形式,表被动和正在发生。故选A项。
18. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:如果被给更多的时间,我们会把工作做得更好。分析可知空格所
在的部分是句子的状语,we与give之间是逻辑上的被动关系,所以用过去分词,此处作条件状语。故选
D。
19. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:昨天我去看他,却得知他去北京了。根据句意可知,此处应用动词不定
式作结果状语,表示出乎预料的结果。故选D项。
20. C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国已成为第三个将人送入太空的国家。由序数词限定的名词后应用动
词不定式作后置定语,这是习惯用法;动词send和前文名词之间是主动关系,排除D项。故选C项。
21. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:他在房间里走来走去,陷入沉思。此处为短语be lost in thought表示“陷
入沉思”,省略be动词,用过去分词作状语。故选C。
22. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我并不打算吃任何东西,但是冰淇淋看起来太好吃了,我忍不住尝了尝。
根据句子结构分析可知,此处eat为非谓语动词作mean的宾语,根据短语mean to do sth.意为“打算去做某
事”可知,此处需要使用to eat。故选B。
23. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我的车需要修理,但我忘了把它送到修理店去。根据句子结构分析可知,
第一个设空处repair为非谓语动词作need的宾语,因主语my car与repair是被动关系,“need doing”意为
“需要被…”,因此,第一个设空处需要使用动名词主动形式表达被动关含义。第二个设空处为非谓语动
词做forget的宾语,根据短语“forget to do”意为“忘记要去做…”,故选B。
24. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:经过多年的努力,减少了工业污染,净化了水质。根据句子结构分析可
知,此处it为形式主语,根据it takes/took +时间+to do sth.可知,真正的主语为to do不定式,故选B。
25. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:抱怨而不采取行动是没有用的。根据句子结构分析可知,此处 complain
为非谓语动词,根据短语“it is no use doing sth.”意为“做…是没用的”可知,此处需要使用动名词的形式。
故选A。
26. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了在即将到来的艺术节上表现出色,孩子们在过去的两周里每天下午
都在练习舞蹈。分析句子可知,表示未发生的事情,所以用不定式在句中作目的状语,表示“为了……”。
故选C。
27. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:被视为气候变化背后的罪魁祸首是大多数城市居民不愿接受
的事实。be regarded as“被认为是……,被看作……”是固定短语,此处作主句主语,应用其动名词形式;
that引导定语从句修饰限定名词fact,关系代词that指代先行词fact作accept的宾语,故第二空不需要填
it。综上,故选B。28. B
【解析】考查介词和非谓语动词。句意:六头虎鲸搁浅在阿根廷的海滩上,严重脱水,每头体重在 3到4
吨之间。固定短语strand on,意为“搁浅”;本句谓语动词是were,weigh是非谓语动词,此处意为“测
出重量”,是不及物动词,应用现在分词形式做定语。故选B项。
29. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。句意:在职业生涯中经历了如此多的挫折和困难,我很容易理解主
角为获得经济上的成功而奋斗。run into“遭遇”,第一空处作状语,应用非谓语动词,逻辑主语I和run
into 之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,且该动作发生在谓语动作之前,故应用现在分词的完成式;
identify“识别,辨别,确认”是及物动词,直接加宾语;relate to“理解”是固定短语,符合题意。综上,故
选D。
30. B
【解析】考查there be非限定形式。句意:Lindsay想要一个提高口语的机会。want to do 想要做某事,用
there to be形式作宾语,故选B。
31. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词和形容词。句意:这是一个由大猩猩组织运营的项目,为了筹集资金拯救世界上
最后剩下的大猩猩免于灭绝。分析句子可知,run作定语,修饰programme,二者之间是被动关系,用过去
分词作定语,修饰gorillas用形容词remaining,表示“剩下的;剩余的” ,根据句意,故选D。
32. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:寓教于乐是一些电影制片人想在电影中体现的。分析句子结构可知
combine在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语education构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故选
B。
33. C
【解析】考查宾语从句以及非谓语动词。句意:林肯以八十七年前开国元勋们确立的理想为基础,向他们
展示了他们美利坚合众国的新愿景。分析句子成分可知,空1后面的从句为介词of的宾语从句,且从句中
缺表语;空2后的句子“on the ideals ________ down by its Founding Fathers 87 years before.”是过去分词作
状语;空3后的句子谓语与名词ideals是被动关系,为过去分词作定语。故选C项。
34. D
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:如果有足够的照顾,孩子们可以更好地合作。本句已有谓语 can cooperate
且无连词,动词give用非谓语形式,逻辑主语the children与动词give是动宾关系,give用过去分词表被动,
作状语。故选D项。35. A
【解析】考查非谓语。句意:Bing Dwen Dwen拥有庞大的粉丝群,人们对以微笑的熊猫为特色的产品非常
着迷。根据句型分析可知,这里考查非谓语,且products和feature为主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语修
饰products。故选A项。
36. A
【解析】考查现在分词。句意:老师很严格,这小女孩紧张得连台词都忘了。分析句子结构可知,句中谓
语是was,空格处用非谓语动词,The teacher和make之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,故
选A。
37. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:成功是日复一日的小努力的总和。空处做后置定语,修饰small efforts,
动词repeat(重复)和small efforts二者之间是被动关系,应用过去分词做后置定语,故选D。
38. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来,我们看到大面积的湿地被人类活动破坏。damage与large areas
of wetland是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作宾语补足语。故选B。
39. C
【解析】考查现在分词。句意:想加入这个俱乐部的人应该在这里签名。本句已有谓语should sign且无连
词,动词wish用非谓语形式,逻辑主语Those与动词wish是主谓关系,wish用现在分词(doing)表主动,
做后置定语。故选C项。
40. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你坚持说英语,别人就能很好地理解你的意思。分析可知,make后
接复合宾语,动词understand和yourself之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词作宾语补足语,make oneself
understood意为“使别人理解自己的意思”。故选D项。
41. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在任长霞事迹的鼓舞下,许多年轻女孩希望将来成为一名女警察。非谓
语动词inspire和主语之间是被动关系,故用其过去分词作状语,排除B项。不定式表示目的,且有将来含
义,排除A项;现在分词的被动式强调进行,不符合句意,排除C项。故选D项。
42. A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:别让她在外面雨中再等了,否则她会感冒的。根据语境可知,此处是固
定搭配leave sb. doing sth.“使人一直做某事”,表示让她一直等,应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选A.
43. A【解析】考查省略用法、非谓语动词。句意:在员工办公室讨论日常事务时,我们能听到周围桌子上的人
至少说三种语言。根据while引导的时间状语从句的省略用法可知,主从句若是同一个主语表示进行时态
时,可省去主语加be动词。因主语与discuss为主动关系,为现在分词形式。分析主句可知,空处为非谓
语动词,因three languages与speak为被动关系,结合主句进行时态,所以为being done形式。故选A项。
44. C
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:让我们向医生、护士、志愿者或参与抗击疫情的任何人表示诚挚的敬意。
be involved in意为“使卷入,使参加”,分析句子可知,该句应用过去分词形式作定语,表示被动关系。
故选C。
45. C
【解析】考查现在完成时态和动词不定式。句意:在办公楼中采用的面部识别技术已经减少了保安人员进
行日常安全检查的时间。根据句子结构和句意可知,第一空是谓语动词,表示“已经减少了”用现在完成
时态,主语是不可数名词technology,所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式has reduced。第二空,固定句
型It takeds sb. some time to do sh.(花费某人一段时间去做某事),其中it是形式主语,用to perform routine
safety check作真正的主语。故选C项。
46. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:士兵冲进山洞,右手拿着枪,满脸是汗。根据句子结构分析可知,此处
hold与cover为非谓语动词,因为hand与hold是主动关系,因此需要使用现在分词形式,因 face与cover
是被动关系,因此需要使用过去分词形式。故选C。
47. C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:排队等了两个小时之后,杰克突然意识到他把身份证忘在家里了。分析
句子结构可知,设空处在句中应用非谓语动词形式,所给动词 wait与逻辑主语Jack构成主动关系,故应用
现在分词,且根据时间状语for two hours,wait发生在谓语动词realized之前,故应用现在分词的完成式,
应填having waited,作状语。故选C项。
48. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词和代词。句意:在网上买的东西比我们在商店买的东西便宜。第一空是非谓语动
词做后置定语,修饰名词goods,且名词goods和动词buy二者之间是被动关系,应用过去分词bought做
后置定语。第二空处比较对象与前文一致,都是goods,为了避免重复,用代词指代,that代指前面的单数
名词,those代指前面的复数名词,此处商店买的商品和网上买的商品是同类异物,且 the goods是复数名
词,因此用those指代。故选B。
49. C【解析】考查非谓语动词和动词语态。句意:小偷刚才在商店偷钱时被当场抓住,刚才被当地警察审问了。
第一空考查固定搭配,catch sb. doing意为“抓到某人正在做……”,所以第一空应用stealing。第二空是
谓语,主语是the thief,和动词question(盘问)之间是被动关系,且由just now可知,句子应用一般过去时,
所以此处应用一般过去时的被动,主语是单数,应用was questioned。故选C。
50. D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在后院,我们发现他坐在长凳上,面带担忧。be seated意为“坐着”,
表示状态,常用被动语态,sit意为“坐下”,表示动作,无被动语态,结合句意可知,空一处单词作宾语
补足语,应用过去分词seated构成被动,表示他的“状态”;-ed形容词可修饰表示“音容笑貌”的名词,
意为“感到……的”,根据句意,空二处单词作定语修饰face,表示“感到担忧的面容”,应用-ed形容词
worried。故选D。
51. which
52. the
53. panicked
54. it
55. survival
56. are impressed
57. but
58. sparing
59. as
60. officially
【解析】本文是一篇电影介绍。文章介绍了根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影《流浪的地球》。
51. 考查定语从句。句意:《流浪的地球》是根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影。此处movie是先
行词,指物,后面的非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,故答案为which。
52. 考查定冠词the。句意:《流浪的地球》是根据刘慈欣同名小说改编的中国科幻电影。此处特指“相同
的名字”,所以在same前用定冠词the,故答案为the。
53. 考查过去分词作表语。句意:在得知太阳即将灭绝后,世界各地的人们都感到恐慌。此处表示“感到
惊慌”,修饰人,所以用加ed的形容词作表语,故答案为panicked。
54. 考查it用法。句意:所以他们建造了巨大的行星推进器,把地球从轨道上移开,把它带到一个新的恒
星系统。此处用it指代上文的the earth,故答案为it。
55. 考查词形转换。句意:但为了拯救人类,一群年轻人勇敢地站出来,为每个人的生存而努力奋斗。名词所有格后面用名词形式,survive的名词形式是survival。故答案为survival。
56. 考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意:我们对这部电影的主题印象深刻。此处句子主语we和impress
之间是被动关系,结合句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态,且主语是复数。故答案为are impressed。
57. 考查并列连词。句意:它并没有特别显示某人的能力来拯救我们的世界,而是显示了所有人都在一起
努力,不遗余力地拯救这个世界。固定搭配:not---but“不是---而是---”。故答案为but。
58. 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意:它并没有特别显示某人的能力来拯救我们的世界,而是显示了所有
人都在一起努力,不遗余力地拯救这个世界。此处是现在分词作伴随状语,故答案为sparing。
59. 考查介词。句意:《漫游地球》被人们视为中国科幻电影的开山之作。固定搭配:see---as“把------看
作------”。故答案为as。
60. 考查词形转换。句意:这意味着中国科幻电影正式启航。此处 set是动词,由副词来修饰,故答案为
officially。
二、
1
61. interested
62. with
63. it
64. which
65. various
66. a
67. making
68. messages
69. be wasted
70. freely
【解析】本文属于议论文,讲述作者在进入网站Topic for Today看到的关于中学生使用手机的利弊的报告。
61. 考查形容词。本句为固定搭配feel/be interested in….对…感兴趣。interested是形容词,通常修饰人或者
与人有关的事物,故用interested。
62. 考查介词。with表示伴随状态,指他们带着手机来上学,故用with。
63. 考查代词。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式to get in touch with others with the cell-phone,故
用it。
64. 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,also makes them feel safe especially in time of trouble.为非限制性定语从
句,修饰先行词为前面整个句子,从句缺乏主语,故用which。65. 考查形容词。修饰名词functions用形容词various,故用various。
66. 考查冠词。本句后面的necessity是可数名词,指必备的事物,指手机是一个必备的事物,故用不定冠
词a。
67. 考查非谓语动词。making在句中做结果状语,有IC phone 与make是主动关系,指意料之中的结果,
故用making。
68. 考查名词。message为可数名词,发送不同信息,故用复数形式messages。
69. 考查动词时态和语态。句意:另外,会浪费大量的时间和金钱。分析句子可知,本句缺乏谓语waste与
主语为动宾关系,故用被动语态,will后接动词原形,故用be wasted。
70. 考查副词。修饰动词use用副词freely,故用freely。
2
71. was held
72. fantastically
73. in
74. accompanied
75. an
76. congratulations
77. bowing
78. which
79. made
80. independent
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者成人典礼的过程以及它给作者带来的感悟。
71. 考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:上个月,一场令人难忘的高三成人礼在我校举行。an unforgettable
adult ceremony(主语)与hold(谓语)是被动,last month是过去时间状语,故填was held。
72. 考查副词。句意:运动场看起来极其漂亮。要用副词修饰形容词beautiful,故填fantastically。
73. 考查介词。句意:我们所有同学都穿着校服。be dressed in…穿着……,故填in。
74. 考查过去分词。句意:我们在父母的陪伴下,情绪高昂地走进运动场。walked为句子的谓语,所以
accompany为非谓语,We与accompany是被动,故填Accompanied。
75. 考查不定冠词。句意:我们的校长发表了鼓舞人心的演讲。deliver a speech做演讲。在本句中speech
被inspiring修饰,且inspiring第一个音素为元音,故填an。
76. 考查名词复数。句意:我们收到了老师们的祝贺。Congratulations贺词,祝贺,故填Congratulations。
77. 考查动名词。句意:我们通过鞠躬的方式向我们的父母表达了衷心地感谢。by doing sth通过做某事,故填bowing。
78. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意:当我从父母手中接过一本影集时,它让我想起了我快乐的童年,我感
动地流下了眼泪。句子的先行词为a photo album from my parents,在定语从句中作主语,关系代词可选
that或which。又因为定语从句前有逗号,判断为非限制性定语从句,不选that,而选which,故填which。
79. 考查一般过去时。句意:我们举起了我们的右手,庄严宣誓成为一名诚实守信的公民。and 连接谓语
动词raised和made,故填made。
80. 考查形容词。句意:……仪式表明我们应该承担更多的责任,独立自主,远离家庭的庇护。be后面用
形容词,故填independent。
3
81. with
82. a
83. comfortably
84. designed
85. fashionable
86. popularity
87. Though / Although/While
88. to enjoy
89. being asked
90. will agree
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍了英式下午茶。
81. 考查with的复合结构。本题考查with + 名词 + 过去分词。句意:我们都知道英国人爱喝茶,他们每
天要喝掉1.6亿多杯茶。故填with。
82. 考查冠词。单数可数名词前用不定冠词表泛指。句意:不过,下午茶的发明才真正将品茶变成了一项
受欢迎的休闲活动。故填a。
83. 考查副词。修饰整个句子用副词形式。句意:这种社交活动包括:舒服地饮用质量上好的茶……。故
填comfortably。
84. 考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语Afternoon tea与动词design为被动关系,故用过去分词作状语。句意:下
午茶是为了填补午餐和晚餐之间的空当而出现的轻便小食。故填designed。
85. 考查形容词。冠词后、名词前用形容词作定语。句意:之后,下午茶的习惯逐渐成为上流社会时髦的
社交活动。故填fashionable。
86. 考查名词。代词its后接名词形式。句意:如今下午茶的风潮又在英国兴起。故填popularity。87. 考查连词。根据前后句逻辑关系可知,这里引导让步状语从句。句意:尽管在家里可以享用,但体验
下午茶的最佳方式是去豪华酒店或者咖啡馆。故填Though / Although/While。
88. 考查非谓语动词。这里用不定式作目的状语。句意:如果你想去这样的地方去品尝甜品和美味小食,
再饮一壶刚泡好的热茶。故填to enjoy。
89. 考查非谓语动词。动词avoid后接doing作宾语。逻辑主语you与ask之间为被动关系,故用被动语态。
句意:有些规矩是必须遵守的,否则人家可能会请你离开。故填being asked。
90. 考查时态。主句将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时或现在完成时表将来。句意:我确信一旦你试过,
你就会同意。故填will agree。
4
91. whether/if
92. placed
93. himself
94. wealthy
95. to get
96. approaching
97. finally
98. had been
99. who/that
100. an
【解析】 本文是故事类文章。一个国王为了测试他的大臣们,把一块巨石放在路中间,但路过的有钱的
商人,官员只是绕着石头走,甚至还有人责备国王,最后只有一个村民放下自己的蔬菜搬走巨石,得到了
国王的奖赏。这个故事告诉人们:每一个障碍都是改善现状的机会。
91. 考查连词。句意:这个故事发生在古代。一个国王非常聪明,他想到了一个测试他的部下是否可靠的
好方法。分析句意可知是从句中缺少一个连接词,从意思分析是“是否”之意,故用whether/if。
92. 考查过去分词作宾补。句意:一天晚上,他把一块大石头放在巷道里。根据句意可知 stone和place是
被动关系,石头是被放置,故要用过去分词作宾补。所以要用placed。
93.考查反身代词。句意:然后他躲在附近,仔细观察,看是否有人会把那块大石头移走。Hide
himself nearby。把自己藏在附近。故用反身代词himself.
94.考查形容词做定语。 句意:一些有钱的商人和高级官员走过来,但他们只是绕着石头走。wealth用于
修饰 businessmen,修饰名词的要用形容词,故用wealthy。
95. 考查固定搭配。句意:他们中的许多人甚至大声责备国王没有保持道路畅通,但他们谁也不愿把那块挡在路上大石头移走。bothet to do不愿意做…。故填to get。
96. 考查动名词。句意:这时,一个村民提着一袋蔬菜走了过来。他走近那块大石头,停下来放下包袱,
努力把石头移到路边。on doing sth.为固定用法,“ 一…就…”,故填approching.
97. 考查副词。句意:几经努力,他终于成功了。final在句子中作状语,修饰整个句子,而final是形容词
不能修饰整个句子,故要用finally.
98. 考查过去完成时。句意:当村民拿起他的蔬菜时,他注意到在原来有石头的路上有一个钱包。分析句
子可知是在曾有岩石的路上,而石头已被他搬走了。他搬走了石头发生在过去,即大石头所在的路是过去
的过去,要用过去完成时。故用had been。
99. 考查定语从句的关系词。句意:钱包里有一个纸条说“金子是给把巨石从大路上搬走的那个人的。”
分析本句可知the person是先行词,在从句中作主语,故用who/that。
100. 考查冠词。句意:这个村民学到了许多人永远不会明白的宝贵教训:每一个障碍都是改变现状的机会。
Opportunity,是元音读音开头的,要用 an ,表示数字“一”。故用an。
5
101. them
102. a
103. words
104. asked
105. constantly
106. when
107. inspired
108. Following
109. to
110. importance
【解析】本文是记叙文。这篇文章主要讲了在我们的生活中我们会遇到很多麻烦,以及我们应该如何面对这
些麻烦.
101. 考查代词。句意:而其他人努力地攻克它们。根据句意可知用 them代替前面的 difficulties.故填
them。
102. 考查冠词。 句意:我是一名中学生。表示泛指“一个”用不定冠词。故填a。
103. 考查名词。句意:我感到记住英语单词很难。根据句意可知此处用名词的复数形式,故填words。
104. 考查动词时态语态。 句意:我被问问题的时候。根据句意可知用一般过去时态的被动语态,故填
was asked。105. 考查副词。副词修饰动词,故填constantly。
106. 考查固定句式。 固定句式:was/were about to do sth.---when---,正要做某事,这时候---。故填
when。
107. 考查形容词。句意:我受到他的鼓舞,我决定解决我的问题。此处是过去分词做原因状语,故填
inspired。
108. 考查非谓语动词。 句意:按着他的建议,我渐渐地取得进步。此处是现在分词作方式状语,故填
Following。注意大写开头。
109. 考查介词。 固定词组:owe---to---,把---归功于----。故填to。
110. 考查名词 great修饰名词,故填importance。
6
111. where
112. enjoying
113. When
114. patient
115. because
116. But
117. dying
118. never
119. a
120. of
【解析】本文是一篇故事。文章讲述的是沙漠里的一朵花希望自己快点长大,能够为沙漠的一隅增添美丽。
111. 考查定语从句。句中的先行词为desert,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。句意:有朵小花
生长在遍地干旱、满目悲凉的沙漠中。故填where。
112. 考查非谓语动词。句中的逻辑主语为it,代指young flower,与enjoy之间为主动关系,故用现在分词
作状语。句意:它独自生长在那里,享受着每一天……。故填enjoying。
113. 考查关系词。根据句意可知,这里表示“什么时候”,故用关系词 when。句意:她问太阳公公,
“我什么时候才能长大?”故填When。
114. 考查形容词。这里为形容词作表语。句意:要有耐心! 我每次抚摸你,你都会长大一点故填
patient。。
115. 考查连词。前后句为因果关系,故用because。句意:因为她也有机会为沙漠的一隅增添美丽了。故
填because。116. 考查连词。前后句为转折关系,故用连词but。句意:但是一天,一位猎人经过,正好踩在她身上。
她快要死了。故填But。
117. 考查动词。这里表示“垂死的”,故用dying。句意:并不是因为她即将死去,而是因为再没有机会
为沙漠增添一丝美丽了。故填dying。
118. 考查副词。根据句意可知这里表示否定,故用 never。句意:因为再没有机会为沙漠增添一丝美丽了。
故填never。
119. 考查冠词。这里a second表示“再一次”。 句意:他俯下身,抚摸着她,再给予她一次生命。故填
a。
120. 考查介词。这里考查短语because of因为,后接名词。句意:由于她的存在,这沙漠的一隅变得如此
美丽。故填of。
三、
121. attaching importance to
【解析】考查动词短语。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处使用动词短语 attach importance to“重视,赋
予……重要性”;peopel与attach是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,作宾语补足语。故填① attaching;
②importance;③to。
122. Located/Situated in
【解析】考查非谓语动词和短语。根据中英文提示,空处缺少“位于”可以用located in或者situated in表
达 , locate/situate 与 逻 辑 主 语 Yunnan Province 是 被 动 关 系 , 用 过 去 分 词 作 状 语 , 故 填
①Located/Situated②in。
123. carrying on
【解析】考查动名词短语。根据句子结构和汉语提示可知,此处用动名词短语 carrying on(继续做,坚持
干)作介词in的宾语;短语carrying on his plan“继续他的计划”,即“完成他的计划”之意,符合句意。故
填carrying on。
124. Sliding into
【解析】考查动名词。slide into 不知不觉地陷入;不知不觉地染上。分析句子结构可知,句中缺少主语,
所以用动名词作主语。结合句意,故填Sliding into。
125. it is wise to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages
【解析】考查固定搭配和固定句型。but前后连接两个句子,“before you decide to put it into action”在but
后面的句中做状语,“权衡一下这个选择的利弊是明智之举。”是主句,可以用固定句型 it is +形容词+to
do,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是to do,“明智的”用wise来表示,“权衡”用weigh up来表示,“利弊”用 the advantages and disadvantages 来表示,故填 it is wise to weigh up the advantages and
disadvantages。
126. seek his fortune
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:他明年要去加拿大寻找成功致富之路。根据汉语提示“寻找成功致富之
路”为短语seek his fortune,此处为不定式作目的状语,不定式符号to后为动词原形,以及fortune为不可
数名词。故填seek his fortune。
127. brought to
【解析】考查固定搭配和非谓语动词。bring something to life ...赋予某事生命。句中each chapter和bring是
动宾关系,句子中的is为谓语动词,因此bring需要使用非谓语动词,即用过去分词brought做后置定语。
结合句意,故填brought to。
128. feast dotted
【解析】考查名词和短语。形容词true 后接名词形式。feast盛宴,根据不定冠词a可知,用单数形式。be
dotted with点缀着; 遍布……的,在句中作宾语补足语,所以用过去分词形式。结合句意,故填 feast;
dotted。
129. Moved
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,句中已有谓语动词,所以move用非谓语形式,与逻辑主语he
构成被动的关系,因此使用动词的过去分词形式,在句中作状语。故填Moved。
130. bridge access
【解析】考查动词原形和短语。根据汉语提示“架桥于……,消除……鸿沟”,可知应填动词bridge。此
处为句型it be adj. to do sth.可知。应填动词原形。have access to (能够使用,接触)。根据句意,故填
①bridge ②access。
131. known defence
【解析】考查过去分词和名词。第一空表示“被称为”,使用动词短语be known as,此处用过去分词作后
置定语;第二空表示“国防”,defence防御,国防,不可数名词。故填①known②defence。
132. breaking away from
【解析】考查动词短语搭配和非谓语动词。分析句子且根据句意可知,空处应填动词短语的动名词形式
breaking away from作介词by的宾语,表示“挣脱”。故填①breaking②away③from。
133. was absorbed in when suffering from
【解析】考查时态、短语、状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。根据时间状语 During that time,可知,用一般过
去时,“专心投入”是固定搭配be absorbed in;“当……时”when引导状语从句,“承受”是固定搭配suffer from,完整的句子为 when he was suffering from great pain caused by his disease;前后主语一致,省略
主语和be动词。故填was absorbed in; when ;suffering from。
134. No matter how clever / However clever ranging from lack of confidence。
【解析】考查让步状语从句和非谓语动词。根据中文句意和英语句子结构,第一个设空处缺“不管……有
多么聪明”,应填no matter how clever / however clever,为让步状语从句;设空处在句首,首字母应大写。
第二空缺“从缺乏信心到”,“缺乏信心”应用名词短语 lack of confidence,“从……到……”应用动词
短语range from...to...,此处为非谓语动词形式,range与逻辑主语difficulties之间为主谓关系,应用现在分
词,故填ranging from lack of confidence,作后置定语。故填:① No matter how clever / However clever;②
ranging from lack of confidence。
135. Having been a responsible volunteer the suitable person that you want
【解析】考查非谓语动词,短语和从句。根据中英文提示,空格①缺少“做过负责任的志愿者”,译为be
a responsible volunteer,现有谓语动词believe,用现在分词的完成时作原因状语,空格②缺少“就是你们想
要的合适的人”,the suitable person表示“就是那个人”,“你们想要的”译为定语从句,修饰 person,
从句中作宾语,可以关系代词that,故译为that you want。故填①Having been a responsible volunteer② the
suitable person that you want.
136. With rolling green mountains surrounding a feast for the eyes
【解析】考查独立主格和名词短语。根据句子结构可知,此处需要使用独立主格形式。“连绵不断的小
山”英文表达为“rolling green hills”,“围绕”英文表达为“surround”,“视觉的盛宴”英文表达为“a
feast for the eyes”,因为mountains与surround是主动关系,因此需使用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填
①With rolling green hills surrounding;②a feast for the eyes。
137. Only then did I realize to break with
【解析】考查倒装句,时态和短语。根据中英文提示,空格①缺少“直到那时我才意识到”,根据提示用
倒装句,only then作状语置句首,句子倒装,根据句意用一般过去时,助动词用 did,realize“意识到”,
空格②缺少“与……决裂”用固定短语break with“与……断绝关系”,分析句子可知,用不定式作状语,
故填①Only then did I realize;② to break with 。
138. taking advantage of celebrations
【解析】考查固定短语、现在分词和名词。对比中英文句子可知,前三空意为“利用”,第四空意为“节
日庆典”,“利用”是固定短语take advantage of,空格处是with复合结构,businesses和“take advantage
of”之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,因此前三空是“taking advantage of”;“节日庆典”
是 celebration,由 these 可知,第四空用复数 celebrations,故填① taking;② advantage;③ of;④celebrations。
139. a great relief to know
【解析】考查固定句型。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“得知……是一个很大的欣慰”;“做某事是
一个很大的欣慰”,结合前面的“It was”可知,涉及固定句型“it is/was a great relief to do”,其中it是形式
主语,真正的主语是不定式;“得知”用动词know,因此空格处是“a great relief to know”。故填a,
great,relief,to,know。
140. made up of
【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定短语。分析句子结构,谓语是has sent,宾语是team,则设空处需填非谓
语,充当team的后置定语。make up of意为“组成,构成”,逻辑主语team和make之间是被动关系,所
以需填过去分词。故填made up of。
141. On behalf of##Representing
【解析】考查介词短语和非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空格处缺少“代表”,且作状语;on behalf of意为
“代表”;动词represent意为“代表”;故填On behalf of或者Representing。
142. keep me company
【解析】考查动词原形。根据句子结构,本句考查短语want sth. to do sth.,第一空应用动词原形。根据句
意可知,此处表示“陪伴我”,故用短语keep me company。故答案为①keep;②me;③company。
143. consisting of
【解析】考查短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文句子,空处涉及固定短语 consist of“由……组成”,此处作
定语,应用非谓语动词形式,consist of和逻辑主语a medical team之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填
consisting;of。
144. turn you down
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:既然你有如此热情,也很自信,我似乎没有理由拒绝你。根据句意及所给
句子可知,此处使用动词短语turn sb. down“拒绝某人”。故填①turn;②you;③down。
145. Absorbed in
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be absorbed in专心于,在句中作状语,所以用过去分词作状语。根据句意,故
填Absorbed in。
146. when earning their living
【解析】考查定语从句和固定短语。第一空定语从句修饰先行词time,先行词在从句中作时间状语,故用
关系副词when引导;第二空表示“谋生”可知短语为earn one's living,且上文为短语have difficulty doing
sth.。故填①when;②earning;③their;④living。147. more likely to develop
【解析】考查短语和比较级。根据句意,表示“有可能做某事”应用句型be likely to do sth,表示“更”应
用 more,表示“发展”应用动词 develop,此处应用不定式形式。故填① more;② likely;③ to;
④develop。
148. taking advantage of
【解析】考查非谓语动词和短语。根据中英文提示,空格处缺少“利用”,用take advantage of,分析句子
可知,此处为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构,business与take advantage of是主动关系,用现在分词
形式作宾语补足语,故填①taking②advantage③of。
149. seek his fortune
【解析】考查动词短语。seek one’s fortune寻找成功致富之路,在该短语中,one’s代表形容词性物主代词,
所以应该填his,又由于前面是不定式to,后面动词应该用原形seek。故填seek his fortune。
150. belonging to
【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文句子可知,空处涉及固定短语belong to“属于”,作伴随
状语,应用非谓语动词,它和逻辑主语China之间为主动关系,应用现在分词。故填belonging;to。
151. to sign up for
【解析】考查短语和不定式。对比中英语句子,句中涉及固定短语sign up for“报名参加”,结合句意,此
处表目的,应用不定式。故填to;sign;up;for。
152. to take control of
【解析】考查短语和不定式。对比中英文句子,空处涉及固定短语 take control of“管住,控制”,根据固
定句型it be+n+to do sth.“做某事是……”可知,空处应填不定式,作主语。故填to;take;control;of。
153. Having delivered
【解析】考查现在分词的完成式。设空处表示“接生”,故用动词deliver。根据句子结构,设空处填非谓
语动词,逻辑主语Lin Qiaozhi与deliver是主谓关系,故用现在分词,结合句意,“亲手接生的婴儿有五万
多名”发生在“被称为‘万婴之母’之前,故用现在分词的完成式,故填 having delivered;位于句首,首
字母大写,故答案为①Having;②delivered。
154. going off
【解析】考查动词短语及非谓语动词。根据句意,设空处表示“放,爆炸”,故用动词短语go off。根据
句子结构,设空处填非谓语动词,主语 the fireworks与go off是主谓关系,故用现在分词,作定语,故答
案为①going;②off。
155. fading away【解析】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。表示“逐渐渺茫”应用动词短语 fade away,此处需用动词不定式的
进行时。故填fading away。
156. seek his fortune
【解析】考查固定短语、动词和副词。根据句意可知,“seek”意为“寻找”,动词词性,句中为不定式作
目的状语,寻找成功致富的道路为“seek his fortune”。故填seek his fortune。
157. figure out
【解析】考查动词短语。根据句意,空处表示“弄清楚”,应用短语figure out,try to do sth.表示“努力做
某事”,所以空处应用动词的原形形式。故填figure out。
158. afford to feed
【解析】考查动词。分析句子结合句意可知,空处缺少“供养”,句意表示“养不起”,可用动词短语
can’t afford to do(没有能力做……),表示“养”可用动词feed,所以can’t afford to feed表示“供养不起”,
题干已有can’t,故填afford to feed。
159. living far away to reunite with their families before the Spring Festival
【解析】考查现在分词和动词不定式。逻辑主语 People与动词live far away (住得远)是主谓关系,live far
away用现在分词(doing)表主动,作名词People的后置定语;reunite with their families (与家人团聚)用动
词不定式作目的状语,before the Spring Festival (春节前)。故填①living far away;②to reunite with their
families before the Spring Festival。
160. succeeded in achieving his purpose showing the importance of honesty
【解析】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知,第一空要填谓语动词部分,说的是
过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,“成功地做某事”翻译为“succeeded in doing sth.”;“达成了他的目
的” 翻译为“achieving his purpose”。第二空用现在分词作状语,与这句话的主语The author在逻辑上是主
动的关系;“展现了诚实的重要性”翻译为“showing the importance of honesty”。故填① succeeded in
achieving his purpose;②showing the importance of honesty。