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2024-2025 学年八年级英语下学期单元语法精讲精练（人教版）
02 动词不定式
语法聚焦
1.动词+副词、动词+介词构成的动词短语的用法
2.动词不定式的用法
语法精讲
1. 动词+副词、动词+介词构成的动词短语的用法
（1）1. “动词+介词”构成的动词短语
“动词+at，for，from，into，of，to，with, on，about等介词”构成的短语是及物性动词短
语，后面必须有宾语，而且它的宾语不管是代词还是名词，只能放在介词的后面。常见的短语
有：look after，listen to，care for，look for，talk about，talk to，think about，shout at等。
如：
Don't shout at me. Allow me to explain. 别对我大吼大叫。让我解释嘛。
2. “动词+副词”构成的动词短语
“动词+up, on, down, away, out, off，over等副词”构成的短语有及物性的，也有不及物性的。
（1）及物性的此类动词短语后面要接宾语。若接名词作宾语，名词位于副词的前面或后面皆
可；若接代词作宾语，代词只能放在动词与副词之间。常见的短语有：put on, throw away, turn
off, turn on, put up, call up, cheer up, pick up, try on，give out，write down，clean up，wake up
等。如：
Write your name down. =Write down your name. 写下你的名字。
Tom is still sleeping.Please wake him up. 汤姆还在睡觉。请把他叫醒。
（2）不及物性的此类动词短语后面不接宾语。常见的短语有：grow up，run out，take off，look out，fall down, run away,lie down等。如：
She grew up in Boston. 她在波士顿长大。
3. “动词+副词+介词”构成的动词短语
此类短语是及物性动词短语，后面要接宾语，且只能放在介词后面。常见的短语有：come up
with，look forward to，catch up with，get along with，do well in，run out of，keep away from，
get out off等。如：
If you study hard, you will catch up with other students. 如果你努力学习，你就会赶上其他同学。
2.动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”，不定式符号有时也可省略，其否定形
式为“not to+动词原形”。动词不定式常可作宾语、宾语补足语以及状语。
1. 动词不定式作宾语
常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
want to do sth. 想要做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事
try to do sth. 努力做某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事
refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
would like to do sth. 想要做某事
promise to do sth. 承诺做某事
help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事
remember to do sth. 记得要做某事【注意】 find, think, make等动词后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾
语（动词不定式）后置。如：
You'll find it helpful to talk things over with a friend. 把情况和朋友详细聊一聊，你会觉得
大有帮助。
2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
ask sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 吩咐某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
【注意】使役动词(如make, let等)及感官动词(如see, feel, hear, watch等)后常跟不带to的动
词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
The children made me tell the story again. 孩子们让我再讲一次那个故事。
I often see them play football on the playground. 我经常看到他们在操场踢足球。
3. 动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作状语，常用来表示目的、结果或原因。作目的状语时，可放句末也可放句首，放
句首时要用逗号隔开。如：
They take exercise every day to keep healthy. 他们为了保持健康每天运动。
语法专练一、单项选择
1．David learnt ________ when he was five.
A．swim B．swims C．swam D．to swim
2．Mount Huang is so famous that a large number of travelers wish ________ it.
A．to visit B．visit C．visited D．visiting
3．—Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills?
—Certainly. I advise you ________ a diary in English every day.
A．to keep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps
4．You’re expected ________ silent when you’re in the library.
A．keeping B．to kept C．to keep D．to keeping
5．_______ English well, we should use it as often as possible.
A．Learning B．To learn C．Learned D．Learn
6．We read the article quickly _______ its main idea.
A．getting B．to get C．got D．get
7．—I am too tired to walk on. Let’s stop ________ a rest.
—OK. We can drink some water first.
A．have B．having C．to have D．has
8．The teacher asked us ________ so much noise.
A．don’t make B．not make C．not making D．not to make
9．As a result of my laziness, I failed ________ my work in time.
A．and finished B．to finish C．and finishing D．to finishing
10．—Where did he go?
—He went to another store ________ pencils.
A．to buy B．for buying C．buy D．buying11．________ our wishes, we must try our best to work hard.
A．Realizing B．To realize C．Realized D．Having realized
12．We advised her ________ there at once.
A．should get B．gets C．to get D．to getting
13．—I have trouble ________ my English.
—Don’t worry. I’ll show you how ________ it well.
A．improving; learning B．to improve; to learn
B．C．improving; to learn D．to improve; learning
14．I hope________ the history museum with my friend this Sunday.
A．visit B．to visit
C．visited D．visiting
15．My mother usually gets up at 6 o’clock ________ the early bus in the morning.
A．catch B．caught
C．to catch D．catching
16．Lisa is very kind and she often teaches me ________ the piano.
A．to play B．playing
C．play D．played
17．We ________ get something ________ after watching the movie. I am hungry now.
A．mightn’t; to eat B．might; eating
C．couldn’t; eating D．could; to eat
18．I found it easy ________ everything we learned in class, so I tried ________ them down.
A．to forget; write B．forget; writing
C．forget; to write D．to forget; to write
19．John is funny and he usually tells jokes to make us ________.A．to laugh B．laugh
C．laughed D．laughing
20．Jenny is going to the supermarket. And she is asking her mother what _______ for today’s
dinner.
A．is buying B．buy
C．bought D．to buy
21．It’s useful for children________ their parents’ phone numbers. It can help them when they are in
trouble.
A．remembering B．remembered
C．to remember D．remember
22．Paul made a nice cage _______the little sick bird till it could fly．
A．keep B．kept C．keeping D．to keep
23．—Could you tell me how ________ to the hospital?
—Sure.Walk straight and then turn right at the first crossing.It's on your left.
A．get B．to get C．gets D．getting
24．As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital _______them up.
A．to cheer B．cheer C．cheering D．cheered
25．________ more money for homeless people, he sold his own car.
A．Raise B．Raising C．Raised D．To raise
26．He decides ________ an English speech contest.
A．to try out on B．to try out for C．trying out for D．to try out in
27．We will have a trip tomorrow，but I don't know ________.
A．when to go B．how to go C．what to do it D．where to do it
28．----Would you like ____ a film with us tonight?
---- Sorry,I have to help my mother do housework.A．see B．to see C．seeing D．to seeing
29．Zhou Lan doesn’t have to be made ________. She always studies very hard.
A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned
30．We are not allowed ________ outdoors with some other children.
A．playing B．to be playing C．to play D．be playing
31．As a volunteer, the girl wants to visit sick kids in the hospital them up.
A．to cheer B．cheer C．cheering D．cheered
32．Nick thinks the best time of a new term is when the teacher ________ new books.
A．gives out B．looks out C．finds out D．helps out
33．________ a writer for her school newspaper is a dream ________ for Jenny.
A．Be; comes true B．Being; came true C．Be; coming true D．Being; come true
34．In China, people usually ________ their houses to sweep away bad luck before Spring Festival.
A．clean up B．look up C．make up D．put up
35．My brother often _________ his spare time to help me with my spoken English.
A．puts up B．gives up C．opens up D．tidies up
36．Jack likes playing basketball. He is going to ________ for the basketball team.
A．try out B．find out C．run out D．give out
37．Never ________ your dream although you meet with problems and difficulties along the way.
A．give up B．look up
C．put up D．take up
38． We have to ______ the bike ride because of the bad weather.
A．put off B．turn off
C．take off D．get off
39．Why don’t you ________ for the football team? You have nothing to lose.A．try out B．give out C．hand out D．come out
40．—I remember we will go hiking this Saturday.
—Right. But it’ll be ________ till next week because of the bad weather.
A．put out B．put off C．put away D．put on
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．Mr. Black told me (bring) my photos to school.
2．The old man hopes (live) with his son.
3．The boys stopped (play) basketball and had a short rest.
4．I didn’t know what (do) at that time.
5．Helen decides (go) on vacation in Qing Dao this summer.
6．Touched by doctors and nurses in Wuhan, Li Ming wants (be) a doctor when he grows
up.
7．Henry’s uncle is planning (take) a trip to Dunhuang now.
8．My mother and I went to the airport （meet）my father yesterday.
9． （realize）his lifelong dream, the young man went to Hollywood by himself, with only
a few dollars in his pocket.
10．George thinks it is popular (wear) sunglasses in the sun.
11．Lily asked me (get) in touch with her when I arrived in Beijing.
12．Jim often takes notes in class (remember) what the teacher said.
13．John is only two years old. It’s difficult for him (learn) to write now.
14．David loves animals. He wishes (have) a lovely dog.
四、按要求完成句子。
1．That you read English in the morning is very important. (改为同义句)
It is very important you English in the morning.
2．He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter .
3．I don’t know when we will have the meeting. (同义句转化)
I don’t know when the meeting.
4．His brother decided that he would buy the book.
His brother decided the book.
5．“Don’t play music so loudly,” she said to me.
She told me music so loudly.
6．She hopes she will travel around the world some day.
She hopes around the world some day.
链接中考
（1）
用括号中所给动词的适当形式完成短文。
Students can’t bring mobile phones to school, but Gary often broke this rule. Gary’s parents
were really worried about him and talked to him often. They asked him 1 (work) harder and
he promised 2 (spend) more time on his schoolwork. Even so, Gary often got into trouble.
One day, his Chinese teacher saw him 3 (play) games on his phone in class again and told
him that if he broke the rule one more time, he would be punished (被惩罚).
Gary went home and lay on the bed with his eyes open. He was lost in thought. His parents sent
him to a nice school and he didn’t want to keep disappointing (使失望) them. He decided 4
(talk) to his best friend Susan about his problems because he knew it was time 5 (make)
some changes in his life. Susan agreed 6 (come) over to his home the next day after school.
After hearing about his problems, she advised Gary 7 (listen) to the teacher carefully in
class and make a weekly study plan. What was more, she would like 8 (help) him with his
homework so he could improve his grades.
Gary thanked Susan for 9 (give) him such great advice. He said he didn’t want to
keep making trouble in the future and he hoped 1 0 (become) an excellent student.（2）
用括号中所给动词的适当形式完成短文。
Are you looking for something fun and would you like 1 (help) others in your free
time? Then join us 2 (be) a volunteer! We’re a non-profit organization (非盈利组织). We
have volunteer jobs for all ages. Anyone from 12-year-old children to people in their seventies can
become a volunteer.
You can help people in many ways. Schools need volunteers 3 (care) for children
while the teachers are too busy. Hospitals need volunteers 4 (look) after children while their
parents are seeing doctors. Animal lovers can help 5 (take) care of those dogs and cats
without homes. There is something for everyone.
“As a volunteer, I don’t want 6 (get) anything. Seeing the children’s happy faces, I am
happy, too,” said Carol Domingo, an old woman of 62. “I used 7 (play) computer games in
my free time, but now I’m used to helping the old people learn how 8 (use) computers,”
said another volunteers at the age of 18.
If everyone can try 9 (offer) help to others, we will have a better world 1 0
(live) in. Interested? Call us at 5584-7579 or visit our website: www.act.com.
