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专题 03 动词不定式和动词短语的用法
动词不定式
一、基本用法
1.动词不定式的形式
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,使用时有时可以不带to,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,
在句子中不能做谓语,to本身无意义,动词不定式同其后的宾语构成不定式短语。
2.动词不定式的否定形式
(1)动词不定式(短语)做主语
动词不定式(短语)在句中做主语时,一般位于句首,相当于名词或代词,谓语动词用单数,有时为
了避免句子头重脚轻,常用it做形式主语。
To learn foreign languages is very useful.学外语很有用。
I think it’s necessary for us to read a lot.我认为大量阅读对我们有必要。
(2)动词不定式(短语)做表语
动词不定式(短语)做表语常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。从时间概念上说含有将来意义,
常用于be动词的后面。
My duty is to look after the animals.我的职责就是照看这些动物。
(3)动词不定式(短语)做宾语
动词不定式(短语)做宾语有两种情况:一种是及物动词后直接跟带 to的不定式,另—种是“及物动
词+疑问词+带to的不定式。”
I hope to see you tomorrow.我希望明天见到你。
注意 其后常接动词不定式做宾语的动词有:
想要,拒绝,忘记(want, refuse, forget)
需要,努力,学习(need, try, learn)
选择,同意,帮助(choose, agree, help)
希望,决定,开始(hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start)
(4)动词不定式(短语)做宾语补足语
常接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:tell, ask, want, teach, allow, promise, order, advise, expect, wish,
invite, encourage, make, warn, help等。
They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。
(5)动词不定式(短语)做定语动词不定式(短语)做定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,置于被修饰词之后,即做后置定语。
—Would you like something to eat?你想要些吃的吗?
—Yes, please.好的。
注意 动词不定式(短语)做定语修饰名词时,与其所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系,如果不定式中的
动词为不及物动词,其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。
The old man has no house to live in.这位老人没有房子住。
(6)动词不定式(短语)做状语
动词不定式(短语)做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立成分。表示原因和结果时不置于
句首。
①动词不定式做目的状语,可以放在句首,一般用逗号隔开,也可以放在句尾。
To get there on time, they started early.为了准时赶到那儿,他们很早就出发了。
②动词不定式做结果状语,常用在too...to...结构中。
The boy is too young to look after himself.这个男孩太小,还不能照顾自己。
③动词不定式做原因状语,常跟在做表语的形容词后。
I’m very happy to receive your letter.很高兴收到你的来信。
二、特殊用法
1.不定式(短语)做主语时,常用it代替它做形式主语,而将不定式放到后面,有三种情况:
(1)It is+名词+to do sth.
It’s our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任。
(2)It takes/took sb.+some time+ to do sth.
How long did it take you to finish your homework?你花了多长时间完成作业?
(3)It is+形容词(easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…)+(for/of sb.)+to do sth.
It is clever of you to do that.你那样做很聪明。
2. feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式做宾语,宾语补足语是形容词或名词,常用it做形式主语,
把不定式后移。
I find it difficult to learn English well.我发现学好英语很难。
3.省略to的动词不定式的四种情况。
(1)在使役动词have, make, let之后。
His mother makes him sweep the floor.他妈妈让他扫地。
(2)在感官动词(短语)feel, hear, see, watch, notice, listen to, look at之后。
Did you notice her leave the room?她离开房间时你注意到了吗?
(3)help后的不定式可省略to,也可带上to。
He often helps me(to)learn maths.他经常帮助我学数学。(4)在一些固定搭配中,如“had better do sth.”,“Why not do sth.?”,“would rather do sth. than do
sth.”等。
1.—My teacher advises me ________ harder at Physics.
—Yes, you should. Or you’ll fail ________ the monthly test.
A.work; to pass B.to work; to pass C.to work; pass D.work; pass
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我的老师建议我更努力地学习物理。——是的,你应该这样做。否则你将无法通过月
考。
考查非谓语动词。advise sb to do sth表示“建议某人做某事”,可排除AD选项;fail to do sth表示“未能
做某事”。故选B。
2.This morning, Linda agreed ________ to the library with me after school.
A.go B.to go C.going D.went
【答案】B
【详解】句意:今天早上,琳达同意放学后和我一起去图书馆。
考查非谓语动词。agree to do sth.“同意做某事”,此处动词不定式作宾语,故选B。
3.In order to protect the environment, a number of people choose ________ to work by subway.
A.went B.goes C.going D.to go
【答案】D
【详解】句意:为了保护环境,许多人选择乘地铁去上班。
考查动词不定式。went动词过去式;goes动词三单;going 动名词或现在分词;to go动词不定式。choose
to do sth表示“选择做某事”,空处用动词不定式。故选D。
4.He said he had an important meeting ______.
A.attend B.would attend C.attending D.to attend
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。
考查非谓语动词。根据“he had an important meeting”可知是有一个会议要参加,此处应用动词不定式作定
语。故选D。
5.This is the best way ________ all kinds of plants.
A.grow B.to grow C.about growing D.in growing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是种植各种植物的最好方法。
考查非谓语动词。根据“This is the best way”可知,此句考查the best way to do“做某事的最佳方法”。故
选B。6.—Why are you so excited?
—Peter invited me ________ on a trip to Yuntai Mountain.
A.to go B.going C.go D.went
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你为什么如此激动?——皮特邀请我到云台山旅游。
考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
7.I advise you ________ anything out of the window while driving.
A.to throw B.throwing C.not to throw D.not throwing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我建议你在开车时不要向窗外扔任何东西。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I advise you...anything out of the window while driving.”可知此处指不要向窗外扔东
西,advise sb. not to do sth.意为“建议某人不要做某事”,为固定搭配。故选C。
8.He made us ________ by making faces.
A.to laugh B.laughing C.laugh D.laughed
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他扮鬼脸逗我们笑。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用省略to的不定式,作宾补。故选C。
9.—Mary is very generous.
—Yes, she gave away all her money she owned ________ people in need.
A.to help B.to helping C.helped D.helping
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——玛丽很慷慨。 ——是的,她把她所有的钱都捐出去帮助有需要的人。
考查动词不定式。根据“she gave away all her money she owned...people ”可知,捐钱是为了帮助有需要的
人,动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。
10.________ our wishes, we must try our best to work hard.
A.Realizing B.To realize C.Realized D.Having realized
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了实现愿望,我们必须努力。
考查非谓语动词。根据“... our wishes, we must try our best to work hard.”可知,努力的目的是为了实现愿望,
用不定式表目的。故选B。
11.—Where did he go?
—He went to another store ________ pencils.
A.to buy B.for buying C.buy D.buying
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——他去哪儿了? ——他去另一家商店买铅笔了。
考查动词不定式的用法。根据“He went to another store...pencils.”可知,去另一家商店是为了买铅笔,动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。
12.—We should do what we can ________ the spread of virus (病毒).
—You are right. We can often wash hands and wear masks.
A.prevent B.to prevent C.preventing D.prevents
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我们应该尽我们所能去阻止病毒的传播。——你说得对。我们可以经常洗手,戴口罩。
考查动词不定式表目的。根据“We can often wash hands and wear masks.”可知,经常洗手和戴口罩,我们
做这些是为了防止病毒的传播,因此该句中应用动词不定式to prevent the spread of virus作目的状语。故
选B。
13.The two toys are both nice and it’s really hard for the kid ________.
A.choice B.choose C.choosing D.to choose
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这两个玩具都很好,孩子很难选择。
考查非谓语动词。choice选择,名词;choose选择,动词。It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.“对某人来说,做某事
是……的”,固定句式,其中it是形式主语,不定式为真正的主语。故选D。
14.________ important ________ us to exercise our brains.
A.That’s; for B.It’s; for C.That’s; of D.It’s; of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们锻炼大脑是非常重要的。
考查it的用法。根据句意并结合句子结构可知,此处为“It’s+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.”结构;如果句子中的
形容词说的是后面sb.的性格、品德、特点等,就用介词of:如果不是,就用介词for;important不是形容
性格等,所以此处应用介词for。故选B。
15.What he said was ________ difficult for us ________ understand.
A.so; that B.to; to C.too; to D.such; that
【答案】C
【详解】句意:他所说的话对我们来说太难而无法理解。
考查词组辨析。根据第一空后的“difficult”可知,第一空只能填入程度副词修饰形容词,排除B和D;根据
第二空后的“understand”可知,此处需填入不定式符号to,排除A。即本题考查的是“too+adj.+to do
sth.”,表“太……而不能做某事”,其中,动词不定式作结果状语。故选C。
16.This passage is not ________ for you ________ understand.
A.easy enough; for B.enough easy; for C.easy enough; to D.enough easy; to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这篇文章对你来说不够容易理解。
考查enough用法和动词不定式作结果状语。easy容易的,形容词;enough足够地,副词,修饰形容词时
置于形容词之后,排除B和D。分析句子结构可知,此处考查not adj. enough to do sth.“不足够……做某
事”,所以第二空处应用动词不定式to understand作结果状语,排除A。故选C。17.Please ask the man ________ in the hall.
A.to not smoke B.not to smoke C.not smoking D.to not smoking
【答案】B
【详解】句意:请要求该男子不要在大厅内吸烟。
考查动词不定式的否定形式。根据“Please ask the man…in the hall.”可知,ask sb. not to do sth.表示“让某
人不要做某事”。故选B。
18.Mr. Lin made my dad ________, because it is bad for his health.
A.don’t smoke B.not to smoke C.not smoking D.not smoke
【答案】D
【详解】句意:林先生让我爸爸不吸烟,因为这对他的健康有害。
考查非谓语动词。根据“because it is bad for his health”可知,此处是指让爸爸不要吸烟,结合空前使役动
词“made”可知,此处考查make sb. not do sth.表示“使某人不做某事”。故选D。
19.Jenny is going to the supermarket. And she is asking her mother what ________ for today’s dinner.
A.is buying B.buy
C.bought D.to buy
【答案】D
【详解】句意:Jenny要去超市。她问她妈妈今天的晚餐买什么。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用“疑问词+不定式”结构,作宾补。故选D。
20.The guests haven’t decided which hotel ________.
A.to stay B.to stay for C.to staying D.to stay in
【答案】D
【详解】句意:客人们还没有决定住进哪家旅馆。
考查动词与介词的搭配。stay“停留,逗留”;stay for“逗留”,后接一段时间;stay in“在……(地方)停
留”,后接地点。由“hotel”可知,此处要用stay in。故选D。
基础训练
提升训练
1.(23-24八年级下·上海普陀·期中)It is dangerous for you ________ the plug (插座) with wet hands.
A.touch B.to touch C.touching D.to touching
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你用湿手碰插头是危险的。
考查非谓语动词。该句考查“It is+形容词+for sb+to do sth”固定结构,表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”,
需接动词不定式作逻辑主语。故选B。
2.(23-24八年级下·广东广州·期末)It’s important ______ us ______ hard and achieve our dreams.
A.for; working B.for; to work C.of; working D.of; to work【答案】B
【详解】句意:对我们来说,努力工作和实现梦想是很重要的。
考查it固定句型。根据“It’s important…us…hard and achieve”可知,形容词important是描述做某事的效果
或影响,因此该句考查it is adj for sb to do sth“对某人来说做某事是……的”。故选B。
3.(23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期末)—Look at the rubbish. It’s careless ________ you ________ it here.
—Sorry. I will pick it up right away.
A.for, to leave B.of, to leave C.for; leaving D.of; leaving
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——看看这些垃圾。你把它留在这儿太粗心了。——对不起。我马上去取。
考查介词和非谓语动词。for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard,
difficult, interesting, important, impossible等;of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或
态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Leave离开;第一空careless描述人的性格,用介词
of;It’s+形容词+of sb to do sth表示“某人做某事是……的”,it是形式主语,to do sth是真正主语,故选
B。
4.(23-24八年级上·天津和平·期中)Tom hopes ________ a good student in his class. But his father wishes
________ a good health.
A.to be; to have B.him to be; him to have C.to be; him to have D.him to be;
to have
【答案】C
【详解】句意:汤姆希望成为班里的好学生。但他的父亲希望他有一个良好的健康。
考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth“希望做某事”;wish (sb) to do sth“希望(某人)做某事”,根据语法规则,
空一需用hope to do sth,可排除BD选项;根据“But his father wishes...a good health.”可知,此处是指他的
父亲希望他有一个良好的健康,A选项语境不符合。故选C。
5.(23-24八年级下·云南玉溪·期末)After watching Jia Ling’s new film YOLO (《热辣滚烫》), many people
plan ________ weight.
A.lose B.to lose C.lost D.losing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看了贾玲的新电影《热辣滚烫》后,很多人都计划减肥。
考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth.“计划做某事”,固定词组。故选B。
6.(23-24八年级下·吉林松原·期末)Alice offered ________ a volunteer, she wanted to help those disabled
people.
A.be B.to be C.being D.to being
【答案】B
【详解】句意:爱丽丝主动提出成为一名志愿者,她想帮助那些残疾人。
考查动词非谓语。offer to do“提出要做”,故选B。
7.(23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期末)Sally can’t wait ______ Treasure Island.A.reads B.reading C.to read D.read
【答案】C
【详解】句意:萨莉迫不及待读《金银岛》了。
考查非谓语动词。can’t wait to do sth“迫不及待做某事”,为固定短语。故选B。
8.(23-24八年级下·陕西西安·期末)Singapore is a good place ________ your English.
A.practice B.practicing C.to practice D.practices
【答案】C
【详解】句意:新加坡是一个练习你的英语的好地方。
考查非谓语动词。a good place to do sth表示“做某事的好地方”,不定式作后置定语。故选C。
9.(23-24八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期中)Bob doesn’t have time ________ volleyball with me.
A.to play B.play C.playing D.to playing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:鲍勃没有时间和我一起打排球。
考查非谓语动词。have time to do sth.“有时间做某事”,固定用法。故选A。
10.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题)—I have less homework than before.
—Me too. Now we have enough time ________ books.
A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我现在的功课比以前少。——我也是。现在我们有更多的时间去读书了。
考查动词不定式。read动词原形;reads动词三单;to read动词不定式;reading动词的现在分词。根据
“Now we have enough time...books.”可知,有足够的时间去读书,不定式在此作定语,且have enough time
to do sth.为固定搭配。故选C。
11.(23-24八年级下·甘肃陇南·期末)Our school doesn’t allow us ________ computer games.
A.play B.playing C.to play D.played
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们学校不允许我们玩电脑游戏。
考查非谓语动词。play玩,动词原形;playing玩,现在分词或动名词;to play玩,动词不定式;played玩,
过去式或过去分词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”。故选C。
12.(23-24八年级下·云南普洱·期末)Nowadays, many schools encourage students ________vegetables to let
them understand where foods come from.
A.grow B.grew C.growing D.to grow
【答案】D
【详解】句意:现在,许多学校鼓励学生种蔬菜来让他们明白食物从哪里来。
考查动词不定式。根据“Nowadays, many schools encourage students”可知,此处是固定搭配encourage sb
to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”,此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。
13.(23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末)—I often hear them ________ their travel plan these days.—Oh, they can’t decide which city ________.
A.to discuss; to start B.discuss; to start with
C.to discuss; start D.discuss; start with
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这些天我经常听到他们讨论他们的旅行计划。——哦,他们不能决定从哪个城市开始。
考查非谓语动词,“疑问词+动词不定式”结构和动词短语。start开始;start with从……开始。根据第一
空前的often可知,此处表示经常听到某人做某事,应用短语hear sb. do sth.,所以第一空应填discuss;分
析“they can’t decide which city”和选项可知,此处应用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,此句意为“他们不能
决定从哪个城市开始”,短语start with符合语境,所以第二空应填to start with。故选B。
14.(23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末)Our teacher advises us ________ each other when we are in trouble.
A.to help B.helped C.helping D.help
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们的老师建议我们遇到困难时互相帮助。
考查非谓语。此处是固定短语advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”,空处用不定式形式,故选A。
15.(23-24八年级下·安徽合肥·期中)—Why didn’t the doctors stop ________ lunch?
—Because they were busy ________ a patient.
A.to have; to save B.having; saving
C.to have; saving D.having; to save
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——为什么医生不停下来去吃午饭?——因为他们忙着拯救病人。
考查非谓语动词。根据“Because they are busy”可知,be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事”,第二空应用动名词
作宾语;因为医生忙着救病人,所以没有停下来去吃饭,stop to do sth.“停下来(一件事)去做某事”,第
一空应用不定式。故选C。
16.(23-24八年级下·安徽阜阳·期末)________ the task on time, the workers were working day and night.
A.Finishing B.Finish C.To finish D.Finished
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了按时完成任务,工人们日夜工作。
考查非谓语动词。Finishing完成,现在分词或动名词;Finish动词原形;To finish动词不定式;Finished过
去式或过去分词。根据“the workers were working day and night”可知,此处用不定式作目的状语,表示
“工人们日夜工作的目的是为了按时完成任务”。故选C。
17.(23-24八年级下·云南大理·期末)We should do everything we can ______ the animals in danger.
A.save B.to save C.saving D.saved
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们应该尽我们所能拯救处于危险中的动物。
考查非谓语。根据“do everything we can”和“the animals in danger”可知,此处需要动词不定式“to save”
作目的状语,表示我们做一切能做的事情是为了拯救处于危险中的动物。故选B。18.(23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末)We must do something ________ the left-behind children in rural areas.
A.help B.helps C.helping D.to help
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们必须做一些事情来帮助农村的留守儿童。
考查非谓语动词。根据“the left-behind children in rural areas”可知,是帮助留守儿童,设空处表目的,填
不定式作状语。故选D。
19.(23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末)The real fact is that many customers (顾客) just don’t know who
__________ solve problems with house qualities.
A.to complain to to B.to complain to C.to complain D.complained
【答案】A
【详解】句意:事实是,许多顾客根本就不知道要向谁申诉来解决房屋质量问题。
考查疑问词+to do结构及动词不定式用法。根据分析句子结构可知,需用who+to do结构。在句中作宾语,
complain to sb.表示“向某人申诉”,who to complain to表示“向谁申诉”,再根据“don’t know
who...solve problems with house qualities.”可知,solve problems...为目的状语,要用不定式表目的。故选A。
20.(24-25八年级上·吉林长春·期末)Kate, I’m ________ tired ________ walk anymore. Let’s have a rest.
A.so; that B.such; that C.enough; to D.too; to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:凯特,我太累了,不能再走了。咱们休息一下吧。
考查too...to do结构。so...that...如此……以至于……,so修饰形容词或副词,用于引导结果状语从句;
such...that...如此……以至于……,such修饰名词,用于引导结果状语从句;enough...to...足够……以至于
能够……,enough修饰形容词放在形容词后面;too...to...太……而不能……。根据“Let’s have a rest.”可知,
是太累了要休息一下,tired 为形容词,因此用结构“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”,表达太累不能走了。故选
D。
21.(23-24八年级下·广东广州·期末)Our English teacher is patient enough ______ much time explaining
grammar rules to us.
A.spend B.spending C.to spend D.spent
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们的英语老师很有耐心,花了很多时间给我们解释语法规则。
考查非谓语动词。adj.+enough to do“足够……去做某事”,固定搭配。故选C。
22.(21-22八年级下·湖北孝感·期中)—My grandparents are too old __________.
—Yes, but they should often have a walk.
A.to work B.works C.work D.working
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我的祖父母太老了,不能工作了。——是的,但是他们应该经常散步。
考查非谓语动词。too+形容词+to+动词原形,表示“太……而不能做某事”,故选A。
23.(23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·期中)The teacher often warns us ______ tricks on others.A.don’t play B.not to play C.not play D.won’t play
【答案】B
【详解】句意:老师经常警告我们不要对别人恶作剧。
考查非谓语动词。warn sb not to do sth“警告某人不要做某事”,空处填动词不定式的否定式not to play。
故选B。
24.(23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中)—May Day holiday is coming. Which city are you going to visit?
—Oh, I haven’t decided ________.
A.where to go B.how to visit it C.what to read D.who to ask
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——五一假期就要到了。你打算去哪个城市?——哦,我还没决定去哪里。
考查疑问词+动词不定式结构。where to go去哪里;how to visit it如何游览它;what to read读什么;who
to ask询问谁。根据“Which city are you going to visit?”及“Oh, I haven’t decided…”可知,此处指的是没有决
定去哪里,特殊疑问词应用where。故选A。
25.(23-24八年级下·安徽马鞍山·期末)—I don’t know ________ to do with this problem. Can you help me?
—No problem.
A.when B.how C.where D.what
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我不知道该怎么处理这个问题。你能帮助我吗?——没问题。
考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式。when什么时候;how如何;where哪里;what什么。根据“to do with...”可
知此处是what to do with“如何处理”。故选D。
动词短语
1.同一介词/副词型
for短语 ask for 请求 care for关心;关怀 leave for动身去 cheer for为……加油 pay for为……
付钱
prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻;寻找 send for派人去请
stand for代表;象征 wait for等待 thanks for因……而感谢
up短语 add up加起来;合计 bring up提出;养育;培养 cheer up使振奋clean up清理;打扫
use up用完;用尽 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装;装扮 eat up吃光
end up最终成为;最后处于 fix up修理;修补 stay up熬夜 tidy up整理;收拾
grow up成长;长大 hurry up赶快
out短语 blow out 吹灭 break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发 point out指出
bring out使显现;使变得明显 carry out 执行;贯彻 find out查明;发现
down短语 break down停止运转;出故障 calm down平静下来 slow down放慢速度
die down变弱;逐渐消失 fall down倒塌;跌倒 knock down拆除;撞倒;击倒
lie down躺下pull down拆掉;拆毁 look down俯视;轻视 sit down坐下
shut down关闭;停业 write down写下;记下
away 短语 blow away驱散;吹走get away离开;逃脱 pass away去世 fly away飞走run away
逃跑throw away扔掉
about短语 argue about争论 bring about引起;造成 care about关心;在意 hear about听说
hang about闲逛talk about谈论think about考虑 worry about担心
at短语 aim at瞄准;旨在 laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达(小地方)knock at敲
point at 指向……smile at冲……微笑 shout at对……大喊 stare...at凝视;盯着看
off短语 run off流失;逃跑 drop off入睡;下降 fall off减少;跌落leave off停止;中断
shut off关闭;切断pay off偿清(欠款等)ring off挂断电话 send off发送;邮寄
set off动身;启程show off炫耀 give off(散)发出;放出(气味、热、光等)
on短语 agree on就……达成共识 call on号召;拜访 depend on依靠;依赖feed on以……
为食
focus on集中于 hold on别挂电话;坚持keep on继续前行 pass on传递 try on试穿
work on从事于;忙于
With agree with同意 begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比 connect with与……
短语 相连
catch up with追上;赶上 fall in love with爱上(某人或某物) deal with解决;处理
go with伴随 play with和……一起玩 part with放弃;交出(难舍之物)
stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享talk with和……交谈
in短语 break in 强行闯入;打断 bring in引入 check in报到;登记 fill in填写
result in导致;引起hand in上交take in吸收;收入 believe in信任;信赖
考向2.同一动词型
come 短 come on 加油;快点儿 come out 出现;出版 come over顺便来访
语 come along 出现;进展 come up with 提出;想出 come back回来
come up出现;升起 come down落下;崩塌 come in进来
come across(偶然)遇见 come true(希望、梦想等)实现
cut短语 cut down削减;砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into侵犯;打断
cut out删去;停止 cut off切断;中断
Keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面 keep away from远离 keep off使……不接近
keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和……保持联系
look短语 look at看 look after 照顾;照料 look into调查 look out当心;留神
look up查阅;查找 look for寻找;盼望 look around环顾 look over查看;检查
look through浏览 look back回顾 look up to尊敬;钦佩 look forward to盼望
look out for留心;注意察看 look like看起来像
put短语 put up举起;搭建;张贴 put down写下;放下 put back把……放回原处
put into注入;投入 put away放好 put on穿上;上演;增加put out熄灭put off推
迟
put through接通(电话)
turn短语 turn over翻身;(使)翻转 turn out结果是;证明是 turn on打开(电灯等)
turn off关闭(电灯等) turn away把……拒之门外 turn up开大;调高
turn down调低,关小;拒绝 turn in上交;归还 turn to求助于turn around(使)
转身
get短语 get up起床 get on上车(船、飞机等) get off下车(船、飞机等)get down下来
get into进入;陷入 get to到达 get back回来
go短语 go on继续 go away走开;离开;消失 go ahead 进行;前进
go along继续前进;沿着……走go by(时间)流逝 go over复习;仔细检查
go off 爆炸;(警报等)响起 go down下降go up上升;增长
go out 熄灭;出去(娱乐) go through通过 go back返回
give短语 give up放弃 give in屈服;让步give away捐赠;泄露give out散发;分发
give over停止;交出 give back归还;恢复
take短语 take up占用;开始从事 take down写下;记下take away带走;拿走
take over接收;接管 take out拿出;除去;扣除take care of照顾
take place举行;发生 take pride in以……为傲take part in参加take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 take the place of 代替
考向3 混合型
混合辨析,即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”,需要考生熟记动词短语。
基础训练
1.Please _________ the pictures from the wall. We need to put up a new one on it.
A.take down B.take after C.take out D.take up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:请把墙上的画取下来,我们需要在上面挂一幅新的。
考查动词短语。take down取下;take after与……相像;take out取出;take up占据。根据“We need to
put up a new one on it.”可知,是指把墙上的画取下来,再挂一幅新的。故选A。
2.My alarm clock didn’t _________ this morning, so I was late for school.
A.put off B.cut off C.get off D.go off
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我的闹钟今天早上没响,所以我上学迟到了。
考查动词短语辨析。put off推迟;cut off剪掉;get off下车;go off爆炸,警报器响起。结合“so I was late
for school.”可知,我的闹钟今天早上没有响。故选D。
3.Let me _________ the broken glass before someone walks on it.
A.fix up B.clean up C.make up D.put up
【答案】B
【详解】句意:让我把碎玻璃清理干净,免得有人踩到。
考查动词短语。fix up修理;clean up清理;make up编造;put up张贴。根据“before someone walks on
it.”可知,是指把破碎的玻璃清理掉,故选B。
4.We should save natural resources (自然资源), or they will _________ one day.
A.put out B.sell out C.get out D.run out
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们应该节约自然资源,否则有一天它们会耗尽。
考查动词短语。put out熄灭;sell out卖完;get out出去;run out用完。根据“We should save natural
resources”可知,我们应该节约资源,否则总有一天资源会被用完,故选D。
5.—Ted, could you please _________ the rubbish?
—Of course, Mom.
A.take after B.take up C.take down D.take out【答案】D
【详解】句意:——泰德,你能把垃圾拿出去吗?——当然,妈妈。
考查动词短语。take after长得像;take up开始从事;take down取下;take out拿出去。根据“could you
please ... the rubbish”可知,是把垃圾拿出去。故选D。
6.Lin Tao argues with his best friend. I advised him to _________ his best friend first.
A.look up B.call up C.put up D.set up
【答案】B
【详解】句意:林涛和他最好的朋友争论。我建议他先打电话给他最好的朋友。
考查动词短语。look up查阅;call up打电话;put up张贴;set up建立。根据“Lin Tao argues with his best
friend”可知,此处是建议他先打电话给他最好的朋友,故选B。
7.I don’t think it’s proper for parents to _________ their kids’ diaries.
A.look back B.look after C.look through D.look for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我认为父母不应该翻阅孩子的日记。
考查动词短语。look back回顾;look after照顾;look through浏览;look for寻找。根据“their kids’ diaries”
可知,是指浏览翻阅孩子的日记,故选C。
8.They were walking in the mountain. They _________ water and had nothing to drink.
A.ran across B.ran out of C.ran after D.ran away
【答案】B
【详解】句意:他们在山上散步。他们用光了水,没有东西喝了。
考查动词短语。run across偶然遇见;run out of用完;run after追逐;run away逃跑。根据“They...water
and had nothing to drink”可知他们的水用完了。故选B。
9.He didn’t want to _________ the bus because it was raining outside.
A.get back B.get out C.get up D.get off
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他不想下车,因为外面在下雨。
考查动词短语。get back找回;get out退出组织;get up起床;get off下车。根据“He didn’t want to...the
bus because it was raining outside.”可知,下雨了,所以不想下车。故选D。
10.If you always ________ to others, you will end up feeling like a doormat (受气包).
A.give up B.give in C.give back D.give away
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果你总是屈服于别人,你最终会觉得自己像个受气包。
考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃;give in屈服;give back归还;give away赠送。根据“you will end up
feeling like a doormat”可知,此处应指屈服于别人。故选B。
11.The last paragraph is unnecessary. Just ________.
A.cut it up B.cut it out C.cut up it D.cut out it【答案】B
【详解】句意:最后一段是没有必要的。就删掉吧。
考查动词短语。cut up切碎;cut out删除。根据“The last paragraph is unnecessary.”可知,此处是指最后一
段是多余的,可以删除它;排除A和C;又因为cut out为“动词+副词”构成的短语,人称代词宾格必须
置于两词之间,排除D。故选B。
12.The Monkey King is not a normal monkey. He can ________ himself ________ different animals and objects.
A.turn; off B.turn; up C.turn; into D.turn; out
【答案】C
【详解】句意:孙悟空不是一只普通的猴子。他可以把自己变成不同的动物和物体。
考查动词短语。turn off关掉;turn up调大,出现;turn into把……变成……;turn out结果。根据
“himself ... different animals and objects.”可知,是指把自己变成不同的动物和物体。故选C。
13.Teachers are very busy these days, for they have a lot of problems to ________.
A.deal with B.keep up with C.agree with D.come up with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:老师们现在很忙,因为他们有很多问题要处理。
考查动词短语。deal with处理;keep up with赶上某人;agree with赞同某人;come up with想出。根据“
they have a lot of problems to”可知,是他们有很多问题要“处理”。故选A。
14.—Julie, why did you ________ the job?
—Because I had found a better one.
A.turn up B.turn down
C.look for D.look through
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——朱莉,你为什么要拒绝这份工作?——因为我找到了一个更好的。
考查动词短语辨析。turn up把音量调高,出现;turn down把音量调低,拒绝;look for寻找;look through
浏览。根据“Because I had found a better one.”可知,她找到了更好的工作,所以拒绝了之前的工作。故选
B。
15._______! Look at the floor, it is wet.
A.Go out B.Look out C.Break out D.Set out
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当心!看着点儿地面,它是湿的。
考查动词短语。Go out出去;Look out小心,当心;Break out爆发;Set out出发。根据“Look at the floor,
it is wet.”可知,地面是湿的,要当心。故选B。
16.—Children should learn some basic life skills, like cooking, washing clothes and tidying the room.
—I think so. They shouldn’t always ________ their parents.
A.look after B.depend on C.take pride in D.get on with
【答案】B【详解】句意:——孩子们应该学习一些基本的生活技能,比如做饭、洗衣服和整理房间。——我也这样
认为。他们不应该总是依靠他们的父母。
考查动词短语辨析。look after照顾;depend on依靠,依赖;take pride in为……感到自豪;get on with和
睦相处。根据“Children should learn some basic life skills”可知,此处是说他们不应该总依赖父母,故选B。
17.Ann wants to _________ her trip because she has work to do.
A.put off B.clean up C.try out D.give away
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Ann想推迟她的旅行,因为她有工作要做。
考查动词短语。put off推迟;clean up打扫;try out考验,参加选拔;give away泄露,赠送。根据
“because she has work to do”可知,此处应指Ann有很多工作要做,她想推迟她的旅行。故选A。
18.We must _________ the students can study in a quiet and peaceful classroom.
A.make sure B.find out C.give up D.try on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们必须确保学生能在一个安静祥和的教室里学习。
考查动词短语。make sure确保;find out查明;give up放弃;try on试穿。根据“the students can study in a
quiet and peaceful classroom.”可知,是确保学生能在一个安静祥和的教室里学习。故选A。
19.Miss Li asked us to _________ some new ideas for our radio play.
A.catch up with B.come up with
C.hand out D.bring out
【答案】B
【详解】句意:李老师要我们为广播剧想出一些新点子。
考查动词短语。catch up with赶上;come up with想出;hand out分发;bring out使显现出。根据“some
new ideas”可知,是指想出一些新点子。故选B。
20.You can _________ Cindy. She always keeps her promises.
A.look after B.hear from C.find out D.depend on
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你可以信赖辛迪。她总是信守诺言。
考查动词短语。look after照顾;hear from收到……来信;find out查明;depend on信赖。根据“She
always keeps her promises.”可知,辛迪总是信守诺言,因此值得信赖。故选D。
提升训练
1.(2024·四川广元·中考真题)During the Spring Festival, Chinese people usually ________ the Chinese
character “褔” upside down on the front door of a house.
A.put up B.put off C.put on D.put down
【答案】A
【详解】句意:春节期间,中国人通常会倒着贴汉字“褔”在房屋的前门上。考查动词短语。put up张贴;put off推迟;put on穿上;put down放下。根据“the Chinese character ‘褔’
upside down on the front door of a house.”可知,是指贴“福”字,故选A。
2.(2024·江苏徐州·中考真题)I am planning to ________ the new hobby in the summer holiday. I won’t
spend my spare time on my mobile phone all day long.
A.pick up B.turn up C.get up D.look up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我打算在暑假里培养新的爱好。我不会把业余时间都花在玩手机上。
考查动词短语。pick up开始从事,学会,捡起;turn up调大;get up起床;look up查找。根据“the new
hobby in the summer holiday.”可知,此处是指培养新爱好,应用pick up。故选A。
3.(2024·内蒙古·中考真题)—I think my life is so boring.
—Why don’t you ________ some hobbies like singing or dancing?
A.put up B.take up C.get up D.show up
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我觉得我的生活很无聊。——你为什么不开始唱歌和跳舞之类的爱好呢?
考查动词短语辨析。put up张贴;take up开始从事;get up起床;show up露面。根据“some hobbies like
singing or dancing”可知,此处建议培养唱歌和跳舞之类的爱好,take up hobbies“开始爱好”,故选B。
4.(2024·西藏·中考真题)Human beings should ________ the nature.
A.deal with B.come up with
C.catch up with D.get along well with
【答案】D
【详解】句意:人类应该与自然和谐相处。
考查动词短语辨析。deal with处理;come up with提出;catch up with赶上;get along well with与……和睦
相处。根据“Human beings should…the nature”可知,人类与自然要和睦相处,故选D。
5.(2024·江苏镇江·中考真题)— Mum, could you please ________ the poster in my bedroom? I really like it!
— Sure, baby.
A.give up B.take up C.put up D.mop up
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——妈妈,你能把海报贴在我的卧室里吗?我真的很喜欢!——当然可以,宝贝。
考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃;take up占据;put up张贴;mop up清除。根据“the poster in my
bedroom”和“I really like it!”可知,喜欢这张海报,所以是请求把海报贴在自己的卧室里,故选C。
6.(2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题)In Switzerland, a country with high mountains and clean blue lakes, people
_______ its rich resources to live.
A.carry on B.try on C.depend on D.put on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在瑞士,一个拥有高山和清澈的蓝色湖泊的国家,人们依靠其丰富的资源来生存。考查动词短语辨析。carry on继续做;try on试穿;depend on依靠;put on穿上。根据“...people...its rich
resources to live.”可知,瑞士人依靠其丰富的资源来生存,故选C。
7.(2024·吉林长春·中考真题)—Mom, could I ________ the TV? I want to watch the news about space.
—Of course. And don’t sit too close.
A.turn on B.turn off C.put on D.put off
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我能打开电视吗?我想看有关太空的新闻。——当然。不要坐得太近。
考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开;turn off关闭;put on穿上;put off推迟。根据“I want to watch the
news about space.”可知,打开电视看新闻,故选A。
8.(2024·江苏无锡·中考真题)I know how busy you are and I won’t ________ too much of your time.
A.take up B.set up C.make up D.put up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我知道你有多忙,我不会占用你太多时间。
考查动词短语。take up占用;set up建立;make up编造;put up张贴。根据“too much of your time”可知,
此处指占用时间。故选A。
9.(2024·四川雅安·中考真题)—Shenzhou-18 was successfully launched (发射) into the space on April 25th,
2024.
—We Chinese____________ it.
A.run out of B.take care of C.are afraid of D.are proud of
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——神舟十八号于2024年4月25日成功发射升空。——我们中国人为此感到骄傲。
考查短语辨析。run out of用完,耗尽;take care of照顾;are afraid of害怕;are proud of为……感到骄傲。
根据“Shenzhou-18 was successfully launched (发射) into the space”可知,中国人为神舟十八号的成功发射感
到骄傲。故选D。
10.(2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题)We are supposed to ________ the lights when we leave the room.
A.turn down B.turn up C.turn off D.turn on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们离开房间时应该关灯。
考查动词短语。turn down把声音调小;turn up把声音调大;turn off关闭;turn on打开。根据“when we
leave the room”可知,离开房间时应该把灯关上,故选C。
11.(2024·安徽·中考真题)There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will ________ well in the
end.
A.break up B.give up C.set out D.turn out
【答案】D
【详解】句意:开始时可能会有一些麻烦,但最终会好起来的。
考查动词短语。break up(使)破碎;give up放弃;set out动身;turn out结果是,最后是。根据“in theend.”和“There can be some trouble at the beginning”可知,最终的结果都会是好的,故选D。
12.(2024·云南·中考真题)The students worked in groups to ________ the difficult problem in the math class.
A.work out B.turn down C.cut off D.worry about
【答案】A
【详解】句意:学生们分组算出数学课上的难题。
考查动词短语。work out计算出;turn down拒绝;cut off切断;worry about担心。根据“the difficult
problem in the math class”可知,此处指计算出难题。故选A。
13.(2024·甘肃白银·中考真题)My grandpa decided to ________ smoking for his health.
A.give away B.give out C.give back D.give up
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我爷爷为了健康决定戒烟。
考查动词短语辨析。give away赠送;give out分发;give back归还;give up放弃。根据“My grandpa
decided to ... smoking for his health.”可知,是放弃吸烟,故选D。
14.(2024·四川泸州·中考真题)When you ________ Mamianqun (horse-face skirt), you will sense the beauty
of China’s traditional clothing.
A.turn on B.get on
C.put on D.depend on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当你穿上马面裙时,你会感受到中国传统服饰的美。
考查动词短语。turn on打开;get on上车;put on穿上;depend on依靠。根据“Mamianqun (horse-face
skirt)”可知,此处指“穿上”马面裙。故选C。
15.(2024·天津·中考真题)Email is one of the great ways to _________ friends.
A.take pride in B.keep clear of
C.get into the habit of D.stay in touch with
【答案】D
【详解】句意:电子邮件是与朋友保持联系的好方法之一。
考查动词短语。take pride in以……为骄傲;keep clear of避开;get into the habit of养成……的习惯;stay
in touch with与……保持联系。根据“Email is one of the great ways to…friends.”可知,此处指电子邮件是与
朋友保持联系的好方法。故选D。