文档内容
Unit 1 Time to Relax
动词不定式作状语和宾语补足语
(时间:40分钟,满分:100分)
一、动词不定式作宾语补足语
宾语补足语是补充说明宾语的动作、状态、身份、特征的成分,与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系(宾
语是不定式动作的执行者)。不定式作宾补时,紧跟在宾语之后,去掉后句子意思不完整,语法结构也
不成立。
1. 接带to不定式作宾补的常见动词
这类动词后,宾语和不定式直接搭配,不可省略to,是最常规的用法。
表示“要求、希望、命令、建议”:ask, tell, want, expect, wish, order, advise, persuade, remind等
表示“致使、使得”:allow, permit, force, get, cause等
表示“教导、告知”:teach, show, warn, inform等
例句:
My mother asks me to finish my homework on time.(我妈妈要求我按时完成作业,me是to finish的逻辑主
语)
The teacher advised us to review the notes carefully.(老师建议我们认真复习笔记)
They forced him to leave the country.(他们迫使他离开这个国家)
2. 接不带to不定式作宾补的特殊动词
感官动词和使役动词后,不定式作宾补需省略to,这类动词有:
感官动词:see, hear, watch, notice, feel, observe, listen to, look at
使役动词:make, let, have
注意:这类动词变为被动语态时,被省略的to必须还原。
例句:
I saw him enter the room just now.(主动语态,省略to)
He was seen to enter the room just now.(被动语态,还原to)
Let me help you with your English.
The boss made the workers work for 12 hours a day.
3. 接to do作宾补的固定句型
think/consider/find + 宾语 + to be + 形容词/名词(to be可省略)
例句:I find the problem to be difficult. = I find the problem difficult.
动词+宾语+to do(表“宣称、断言”):declare, claim, prove等例句:They proved him to be innocent.
二、动词不定式作状语
不定式作状语时,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作发生的目的、原因、结果、条件、方
式等,与句子主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系,去掉后句子主干依然完整,仅丢失补充的语义信息。
1. 作目的状语(最常用)
表示动作发生的目的,可译为“为了……”,可置于句首或句末,置于句首时常用逗号隔开;为加强语
气,可加in order to/so as to(so as to不可置于句首)。
例句:
I get up early to catch the first bus.(我早起是为了赶首班车)
To learn English well, he practices speaking every day.
She studies hard in order to pass the exam.
2. 作结果状语
多表示出乎意料的结果,常用结构:
only to do(偏偏……,结果却……,强调意外)
形容词/副词 + enough to do(足够……去做……)
too + 形容词/副词 + to do(太……而不能……)
例句:
He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.(他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了)
The box is light enough to carry.
The boy is too young to go to school.
3. 作原因状语
多修饰表示情感、心理状态的形容词或动词,说明产生这种情绪的原因,常见搭配:
be happy/glad/sorry/sad/surprised/disappointed + to do
例句:
I am glad to hear the good news.(听到这个好消息我很高兴)
She is sorry to trouble you.
一、单项选择(本大题共30小题,每小题2分,共60分)
1.________ my mother a surprise, I will cook a bowl of noodles for her on her birthday.
A.Give B.Giving C.To give D.Gave
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了给我妈妈一个惊喜,我将在她生日那天为她煮一碗面条。
考查非谓语动词。根据“…my mother a surprise,”可知,设空处应表示目的,用动词不定式“To give”作目
的状语。故选C。2.________ making the same mistake, we should take action immediately.
A.To avoid B.Avoiding C.Avoid
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了避免犯同样的错误,我们应该立即采取行动。
考查非谓语动词。To avoid为了避免,动词不定式;Avoiding避免,动名词/现在分词;Avoid避免,动词
原形。根据“making the same mistake, we should take action immediately.”可知,此处表示目的,用不定式
结构。故选A。
3.Zoo workers work hard every day ________ the animals healthy and happy.
A.keeps B.kept C.to keep
【答案】C
【详解】句意:动物园工作人员每天努力工作,以保持动物们健康快乐。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,主句“Zoo workers work hard every day”已完整,空格后“the
animals healthy and happy”是目的,需用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了保持……”。故选C。
4.—What does the host often say when you visit a Chinese family?
—The host often says “Feel free ________ yourself at home.”
A.make B.made C.making D.to make
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——当你拜访中国家庭时,主人经常说什么?——主人经常说“请随意,就像在自己家
一样。”
考查动词不定式用法。根据“The host often says ‘Feel free…yourself at home.’”可知,这里是“feel free to
do sth.”表示“随意做某事”,因此空格处应填动词不定式形式。故选D。
5.The government built a new hospital in the area ________ the local people get better medical care.
A.helping B.helped C.to help D.helps
【答案】C
【详解】句意:政府在该地区新建了一家医院,以便当地居民获得更好的医疗服务。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构,主句为“The government built a new hospital”,空格后“the local people
get better medical care”表示目的,应使用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。
6.Tom trained hard __________ his basketball skills.
A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.improved
【答案】B
【详解】句意:汤姆努力训练以提高他的篮球技能。
考查非谓语动词。improve提高,动词原形;to improve动词不定式;improving动名词/现在分词;improved动词过去式/过去分词。根据“trained hard”和“his basketball skills”的逻辑关系可知,“提高技
能”是“努力训练”的目的,动词不定式可表目的。故选B。
7.We can use social media ________ Chinese culture to the world.
A.spread B.to spread C.spreading
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们可以使用社交媒体向世界传播中国文化。
考查动词辨析。use sth to do sth表示“使用某物来做某事”,to do为不定式作目的状语。故选B。
8.My grandparents drink milk before bed every night ________ a good sleep.
A.had B.have C.having D.to have
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我的祖父母每晚睡前喝牛奶是为了有一个好睡眠。
考查不定式作目的状语。had有(过去式);have有(原形);having有(现在分词);to have有(不定
式)。根据“drink milk before bed every night...a good sleep”可知此处表示喝牛奶的目的,应用不定式to
have。故选D。
9.As a Chinese, we should try our best ________ about our country’s history.
A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.to learning
【答案】C
【详解】句意:作为一名中国人,我们应该尽最大努力了解我们国家的历史。
考查非谓语动词。try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大的努力做某事”。故选C。
10.—Why did he return home to be a village teacher?
—________ the education of the countryside.
A.Develop B.Developing C.To develop
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——他为什么回家成为了一名乡村教师?——为了发展乡村教育。
考查非谓语动词。Develop发展,动词原形;Developing发展,动词的现在分词;To develop发展,动词
不定式。根据“Why did he return home to be a village teacher?”可知是询问为什么回家当乡村教师。动词不
定式表目的,即是为了发展乡村教育。故选C。
11.Trust me, you’ll be surprised ________ the new ride.
A.to try B.trying C.try D.tried
【答案】A
【详解】句意:相信我,尝试这个新的游乐设施你会很惊讶。
考查非谓语动词。try动词,意为“尝试”。be surprised to do sth”做某事感到惊讶”固定搭配,故选A。
12.I feel very lucky ________ your classmate.A.am B.is C.being D.to be
【答案】D
【详解】句意:成为你的同学我感到非常幸运。
考查不定式的用法。固定搭配feel lucky to do sth.“做某事感到幸运”,不定式作原因状语。故选D。
13.The box is ________ heavy for that boy ________ carry. Let’s help him.
A.too; to B.so; that C.to; to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个箱子太重了,那个男孩搬不动。让我们帮帮他吧。
考查动词不定式作结果状语。too...to太……而不能;so...that如此……以致于;to到。根据“The box
is...heavy for that boy...carry.”可知,箱子太重了,男孩搬不动,用too...to表示“太……而不能”。故选
A。
14.This passage is not ________ for you ________ understand.
A.easy enough; for B.enough easy; for C.easy enough; to D.enough easy;
to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这篇文章对你来说不够容易理解。
考查enough用法和动词不定式作结果状语。easy容易的,形容词;enough足够地,副词,修饰形容词时
置于形容词之后,排除B和D。分析句子结构可知,此处考查not adj. enough to do sth.“不足够……做某
事”,所以第二空处应用动词不定式to understand作结果状语,排除A。故选C。
15.The boy is too busy ________ his father because he is busy ________ for the exams.
A.writing to, studying B.to write to, study
C.to write to, studying D.writing to, study
【答案】C
【详解】句意:男孩太忙而没能写信给他的爸爸,因为他在忙着考试。
考查不定式结构和动名词。根据语境,第一空是“太……而不能”too...to,所以是to write to;第二空be
busy doing,所以是studying。故选C。
16.John stayed at home reading books yesterday, because it was _________ cold _________ go out.
A.so; that B.such; that C.enough; / D.too; to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:约翰昨天待在家里看书,因为天气太冷了而不能出去。
考查词义辨析。so/such...that+句子,表示“如此……以至于……”;enough足够;too...to...太……而不
能……。根据“cold...go out”可知,因为天气太冷而不能出去。故选D。17.The man was ________ excited ________ say anything when he heard the good news.
A.so; as B.too; to C.so; that D.very; to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:听到这个好消息的时候,男人太兴奋了以至于什么也说不出来。
考查固定句式。so…as和……一样,用于否定句;too…to太……以至于;so…that如此……以致于;
very…to做……很……。根据“The man was…excited…say anything when he heard the good news.”的句意可
知,此处指男人太兴奋了以至于什么也说不出来。故选B。
18.The reporter advised people ________ inside during the typhoon.
A.stay B.to stay C.staying D.stayed
【答案】B
【详解】句意:记者建议人们在台风期间待在室内。
考查非谓语动词。根据“advised people...inside during the typhoon”可知,此处是“advise sb. to do sth.”结构,
意为“建议某人做某事”,使用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。
19.The shopkeeper asked me ________ cash, because the payment system didn’t work.
A.use B.to use C.using D.used
【答案】B
【详解】句意:店主让我用现金支付,因为支付系统不工作了。
考查非谓语动词。ask sb to do sth“让某人做某事”,使用动词不定式作宾语补足语,故选B。
20.The law doesn’t allow teenagers under 16 ________ electric bicycles.
A.to ride B.riding C.ride
【答案】A
【详解】句意:法律不允许16岁以下的青少年骑电动自行车。
考查非谓语动词。to ride动词不定式;riding动名词;ride动词原形。allow sb to do sth为固定搭配,意为
“允许某人做某事”,应使用不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
21.I saw a UFO ________ on the square in my dream.
A.to drop B.land C.landed D.lands
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在我的梦里,我看到一个UFO在广场上着陆。
考查非谓语动词的用法。to drop掉落,不定式;land着陆,动词原形;landed着陆,过去式/过去分词;
lands着陆,第三人称单数。根据“I saw a UFO...on the square in my dream.”可知,动词see后接宾语时,
宾语补足语需用动词原形表示动作的全过程,see sb. do sth.,强调“看到动作发生”。本句描述“看到
UFO着陆”这一完整事件,因此用动词原形land。故选B。22.Our teacher tells us ________ in the river. It’s dangerous.
A.to swim B.not to swim C.don’t swim D.not swim
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们老师告诉我们不要在河里游泳。这很危险。
考查非谓语动词。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”,动词短语,此处应用not to swim。故选B。
23.Our school will invite Mr Li ______ us a speech tomorrow on how to protect the earth.
A.give B.gives C.to give D.giving
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们学校将邀请李先生明天给我们一个关于如何保护地球的演讲。
考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”,此处应填动词不定式to give。故选C。
24.My brother always tries to make me _________ when I’m unhappy.
A.laugh B.to laugh C.laughing D.laughed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当我不开心时,我哥哥总是尽力让我笑。
考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。laugh笑,动词原形;to laugh去笑,动词不定式;laughing笑,现在分词;
laughed笑,过去分词。make sb. do sth.是固定搭配,make后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即用
动词原形。故选A。
25.My friend often asks me ________ her how to skate.
A.teach B.teaching C.to teach D.taught
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的朋友经常要求我教她如何滑冰。
考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”,空处用动词不定式形式。故选C。
26.My mother allowed me TV for half an hour after I finished my homework.
A.watching B.to watch C.watch D.watched
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我妈妈在我完成作业后允许我看电视半小时。
考查非谓语动词。动词allow的用法为“allow sb to do sth”,表示“允许某人做某事”,其中“to do”为不
定式结构。本句中“allow me”后需接不定式“to watch”表示“允许我看电视”。故选B。
27.Simple and fun activities can encourage children ________ the new world.
A.explore B.exploring C.to explore
【答案】C
【详解】句意:简单有趣的活动可以鼓励孩子们探索新世界。
考查非谓语动词。encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。28.My mother always reminds me ________ the floor every weekend.
A.sweep B.sweeping C.to sweep D.swept
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我妈妈总是提醒我每个周末打扫地板。
考查非谓语动词。sweep打扫,动词原形;sweeping打扫,现在分词;to sweep打扫,动词不定式;swept
打扫,过去式。根据“reminds me...the floor”可知,此处是remind sb to do sth“提醒某人做某事”,应用不
定式作宾补。故选C。
29.The guide told us ________ the rope bridge one by one; otherwise it might shake too much.
A.cross B.crossed C.crossing D.to cross
【答案】D
【详解】句意:导游告诉我们一个一个地过绳桥;否则它可能会摇晃得太厉害。
考查非谓语动词。根据“told us”可知,tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”。故选D。
30.My mother wants me ________ milk every day because it's good for my health.
A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drank
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我妈妈想要我每天喝牛奶,因为它对我的健康有好处。
考查非谓语动词,want sb. to do sth.是固定短语,意为“想要某人做某事”,故选C。
二、单词拼写(本大题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)
31.It’s hard to be patient (wait) for the bus when you are in a hurry.
【答案】to wait
【详解】句意:当你赶时间的时候,耐心等公交车是很难的。wait“等待”,“be patient to do sth.”是固定
搭配,意为“耐心做某事”,因此空处填动词不定式。故填to wait。
32.As a volunteer, Mary often goes to visit sick kids in the hospital (cheer) them up.
【答案】to cheer
【详解】句意:作为志愿者,玛丽经常去看望生病住院的孩子,为了让他们振作起来。cheer“使振作”,
动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语符合语境,故填to cheer。
33.More and more people would like to choose electric cars (save) money on gas.
【答案】to save
【详解】句意:越来越多的人愿意选择电动汽车来节省汽油钱。根据“More and more people would like to
choose electric cars…money on gas.”可知,越来越多的人选择电动汽车的目的是节省汽油钱,此处需用动
词不定式作目的状语。save“节省”,动词,其不定式形式为to save。故填to save。
34.Today, we must continue working (keep) our skies blue, waters clear and lands clean.
【答案】to keep【详解】句意:今天,我们必须继续努力,维护我们的蓝天、碧水和净土。keep“保持”,设空处应用动
词不定式表目的。故填to keep。
35.What do you often do (relax) in your free time, Sally?
【答案】to relax
【详解】句意:萨莉,你空闲时间经常做什么来放松?relax意为“放松”,是动词;此处用动词不定式
作目的状语,说明“做什么”的目的是“放松”。故填to relax。
36.She is glad (hear) that her grandmother will come to visit her this weekend.
【答案】to hear
【详解】句意:听到奶奶这周末要来看她,她很高兴。be glad to do sth.“高兴做某事”,固定搭配,因此
这里应用动词不定式to hear。故填to hear。
37.I’m happy (see) many old friends here.
【答案】to see
【详解】句意:我很高兴在这里见到许多老朋友。be happy to do sth表示“很高兴做某事”,空处需填动
词不定式。故填to see。
38.I feel very proud (be) a nurse member of the charity.
【答案】to be
【详解】句意:能成为慈善机构的一名护士,我感到非常自豪。feel proud to do sth“为做某事感到自豪”,
故填to be。
39.The mother thinks that her son will grow up (be) a brave man.
【答案】to be
【详解】句意:那位妈妈觉得她的儿子会成长为一个勇敢的人。grow up to be“长大成为”,此处应用动
词不定式作结果状语。故填to be。
40.Our teachers are too busy with their work (spend) much time on their hobbies.
【答案】to spend
【详解】句意:我们的老师忙于工作,没有太多时间花在他们的爱好上。“太……而不能……”用
“too…to…”结构表示,其中to后接动词原形,表示结果。故填to spend。
41.The little boy is too young (go) to school.
【答案】to go
【详解】句意:这个小男孩太小,不能上学。分析句子结构可知,此题符合“too +adj+to do”结构,意为
“太……而不能”,因此空处填to go,不定式作结果状语。故填to go。
42.The room was too dark for her (see) anything.【答案】to see
【详解】句意:房间太黑了,她什么也看不见。根据“too dark for her … anything”可知,此处应用too adj
to do sth结构,表示“太……而不能……”,see“看见”,因此用to see。故填to see。
43.To keep safe, our teacher advised us (swim) in the deep pools.
【答案】not to swim
【详解】句意:为了保证安全,我们的老师建议我们不要在深水池里游泳。swim“游泳”,根据“To keep
safe”可知,建议不要在深水池里游泳,advise sb. not to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“建议某人不要做某事”,
因此填动词不定式的否定形式。故填not to swim。
44.Our teacher advised us (ask) questions if we don’t understand.
【答案】to ask
【详解】句意:我们的老师建议我们如果有不懂的地方就提问。根据提示可知,本句考查动词advise的
固定用法,advise sb. to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“建议某人做某事”,ask为动词,需使用其不定式形式。
故填to ask。
45.The rising sea levels may force many people (move) to higher ground.
【答案】to move
【详解】句意:不断上升的海平面可能会迫使许多人搬到更高的地方。move“搬”,force sb. to do sth.是
固定搭配,意为“迫使某人做某事”,需用动词不定式形式。故填to move。
46.Maya likes postcards because they make her (know) more about foreign countries.
【答案】know
【详解】句意:Maya喜欢明信片,因为它们让她更多地了解外国。know“知道,了解”,make sb do
sth“让某人做某事”,空处填动词原形。故填know。
47.The heavy rain caused us (put) off the picnic.
【答案】to put
【详解】句意:这场大雨导致我们推迟了野餐。根据括号内的单词提示可知,put“放置”,put off“推迟”,
是固定短语,cause sb. to do sth.“导致某人做某事”,是固定搭配,因此应填动词不定式to put。故填to
put。
48.Our parents won’t allow us (swim) in the river alone.
【答案】to swim
【详解】句意:我们的父母不会允许我们独自在河里游泳。allow意为“允许”,固定搭配为allow sb. to
do sth。故填to swim。
49.Lily will invite me (attend) her birthday party next Sunday.
【答案】to attend【详解】句意:莉莉下周日将邀请我参加她的生日聚会。attend“参加”,invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做
某事”,此处用动词不定式to attend。故填to attend。
50.Teachers often encourage us (take) part in school labour activities.
【答案】to take
【详解】句意:老师们经常鼓励我们参加学校的劳动实践活动。encourage的用法是“encourage sb. to do
sth.”,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,后面需要接动词不定式作宾语补足语,故填to take。