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考点 13 不定式（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
不定式
题型
试卷类型 不定式 考点
语法填空
2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 to bite 不定式作宾语
2023
2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 to be lifted 动词不定式作宾语补足语
2023·全国甲卷 to teach 动词不定式作目的状语
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 to see 目的状语
2022·全国高考乙卷 To strengthen 目的状语
2022
2022·新高考I卷 to increase 目的状语
2022·全国甲卷 to journey 作后置定语
2021新课标II卷 to educate 目的状语
2021 2021全国甲卷 to walk 主语
2021全国乙 to have 目的状语
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于不定式的考查共计10次，主要考查：
1．不定式作目的状语；
2．不定式作定语；
3. 不定式作宾补；
4. 不定式作主语和宾语；
5. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。
【备考策略】系统归类不定式的用法，尤其是不定式作目的状语；熟练掌握不定式的各种形式的意义和用法。
【命题预测】
语法填空对不定式的考查仍然会成为高考的重点，主要集中考查不定式作目的状语。
基础知识：
时态 主动式 被动式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing -----------------
完成进行式 to have been doing -----------------●不定式的否定形式在to 前加上 not或者never。
重难点知识：
考点1 不定式作主语
1. 【2021·英语全国甲卷】 It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：在观察了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取行动了，还有什么比
骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短
语作真正主语。故填to walk。
2. [2021·八省1月联考）]Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier ________（make）eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
【答案】to make
【解析】考查不定式。幸运的是，现在更容易选择环保的生活方式。此处 it是形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真
正的主语。故填to make。
【方法指导】
1．不定式作主语：动词用单数。To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
2．表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯
性的动作时，多用doing作主语。
3．在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；of sb和for sb是不定式的逻辑主语：
A. It is/was + 形容词（of sb）to do sth.
【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用 of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest,
lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerate…】
B. It is/was + 形容词（for sb）to do sth.
【以下形容词通常用 for sb 作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe,
dangerous, unusual, wonderful…。多数情况都用for sb作逻辑主语。】
1)It is polite (of you) to respect the old.
2)It is important (for us) to do as the Romans do.
3)It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly .
It’s important for the figures _________________ regularly.
【答案】to be updated
【解析】考查不定式。数据定期更新是很重要的。此处it是形式主义，后面的动词不定式的复合结构是真正的主
语。数据是被更新的，故用不定式的被动式。故填to be updated。
考点2 不定式作目的状语
1.（2023·全国甲卷 语法填空）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 61. (teach) a lesson
or to pass on wisdom.
【答案】to teach【解析】考查不定式。句意:几千年来,人们讲寓言故事或为了教课或为了传递智慧。根据空后的 or to pass on
wisdom可知,此处和后文是并列关系,故填to teach。
2. [2021·浙江 1月] Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use ________
（communicate）.
【答案】to communicate
【解析】考查不定式。研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。此处不定式作目的
状语，原句理解为wild chimpanzees use gestures to communicate。故填to communicate。
3. [2020·海南卷] ______ (survive) in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps.
【答案】To survive
【解析】考查不定式。为了在森林中生存，动物们必须在缝隙间攀爬、跳跃或飞行。此处是不定式作目的状语。
故填To survive。
【方法指导】
1.不定式作目的状语：
1)To complete the project in time, the workers will have to work day and night.
2)To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.
3)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time.
4)You must set out at once in order not ( so as not ) to be late for school .
5)Many people have to wear glasses to/in order to/so as to see distant objects clearly.
= To/in order to see distant objects clearly, many people have to wear glasses.
(so as to一般不放在句首)
2. to不定式可作目的状语，doing也可作目的状语。区别是doing前常有一个逗号。
1)The man has come to the town, looking for his lost wife.
2)The lawyer listened with full attention, trying not to miss any point．
3. 为了做…, 某人尽所能；尽力做…
do what sb can to do sth:
do all (that) sb can to do sth:
do everything/anything (that)sb can to do sth:
1)You must do everything that you can to save the woman's life.
2)The farmers ought to do what they can to get in all the rice before the heavy rain.
3)We should do all (that) we can to help the poor people to live through the winter.
4. 不定式作结果状语：
so/such…as to…: (如此…以致…)
enough …to …: (足够)
only to …: (结果)
never to…: (结果再也没有)
too… to…: (太…而不能…)
1)She was so silly as to give all her money to the cheat.
2)They came here so early as to see the famous film stars.
3)I am not such a fool as to believe that kind of thing.
4)The boy is old enough to join the Royal Army.
5)My mother’s uncle went abroad in 1936, never to come back home again.◆only to do/be done: 可译为： “ 结果…” 这是一种预料之外的结果。常含有 “ 惊讶，
失望，放心 ”之意。
only doing sth. 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。
1)She hurried to the station, only to be told that the 9:45 train had left.
2)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.
3)His father died, (only) leaving him 1000 pounds.
●a. too + 形/副 + to do sth: 太…而不能做。 不定式为结果状语。
1)The boy is too young to attend school.
2)The man is running too slowly to catch up with his workmates.
●b. too + 形/副 + to do sth: 非常/很…做。
这种用法too后的形容词常是：easy, anxious, eager, willing, glad, pleased, ready, satisfied等, 并且too 前常
有not, only, but, all, just。
1)We are not too sorry to see the new soldiers leave our hometowns.
2)I am only too pleased to take part in the activity.
3)They know but too well to keep it a secret.
4)My tailors are too ready to do some sewing for the middle school students.
5)Such an earthquake is all too likely to happen again in Japan.
5.不定式作原因状语：
1)I am very happy to see you again.
2)You will be disappointed to fail in the college entrance exams next year.
3)She was sorry to have kept us waiting so long.
4)She was happy to have been staying with her aunt.
5)He jumped with joy to see the nice Christmas presents.
★I. 以下形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard, difficult, easy, light, heavy, nice, good, clear, dangerous, pleasant,
interesting, fit, bitter, exciting, comfortable, convenient, amusing, impossible等后常接主动式不定式。如形容词前
有too或 形容词后有enough时，不定式用主动，被动均可。
1)Chongqing is hard/difficult/easy to find on this map.
2)This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
3)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good to breathe.
4)In many people’s opinion, that company is pleasant to deal with.
5)This building is dangerous/pleasant/comfortable to live in.
6)The medicine is bitter to drink.
7)That flying bird is impossible to catch.
8)The food is too hot to eat/to be eaten.
9)My schoolbag is too heavy to carry/to be carried.
10)Her schoolbag is light enough to carry/to be carried.
1.（2023·江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）He used different shades of ink ____ ___ (model) the shrimp’s torso (躯
干) and head. These shrimps are not just passive subject matter; rather they are firmly stating their presence.
【答案】to model【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他用不同色调的墨水来展示虾的躯干和头部。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定
式。故填to model。
2.（2023·山西省高三 1 月适应性调研考试（一模））China is developing a new-generation launch vehicle ____
____(send) astronauts to the moon, which will be completed by 2030.
【答案】to send
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国正在开发新一代运载火箭，将宇航员送上月球，并将于2030年完成。根据
语境可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to send。
3.[2020·海南卷] ______（remember）all the questions you have when you are not in the doctor's office, write them down
and bring the list with you to your appointment.
【答案】To remember
【解析】考查不定式。当你还没在医生办公室的时候，为了记住你有的所有问题，把它们写下来，带着这个清单
去预约医生。此处是不定式作目的状语。故填To remember。
4.[2023·吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量检测]Several years ago, Wang left Shandong ______ (live) with his children in
Mengshan county.
【答案】to live
【解析】考查不定式。几年前，王离开山东，和他的孩子们一起住在蒙山县。此处用不定式作目的状语。故填 to
live。
5.（2021·江苏省苏锡常镇四市教学情况调查（一））Those of us who watched the lunar voyage of Apollo11 were
amazed as we saw the first man walk on the moon. But ______ (get) there those astronauts literally had to break out of
the huge gravity pull of the earth.
【答案】to get
【解析】考查不定式。句意：但为了到达月球，毫不夸张地说，宇航员们必须挣脱地球对其巨大的引力。句中用
不定式作目的状语。故填to get。
6.（2021·江苏省扬州市调研）China is also actively communicating with Russia and European countries
_________(improve)the compatibility of the BDS so that it can better serve its global users.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查不定式。句意：中国也在积极与俄罗斯和欧洲国家沟通，以提高BDS的兼容性，使其能够更好地为
全球用户服务。分析句子结构可知句子的谓语是is communicating，故空格处填非谓语动词，根据句意，此处表目
的，故用不定式作目的状语。故答案为to improve。
考点3 不定式作定语
(2022·全国甲卷)A visuallychallenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________
(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
【答案】to journey
【解析】此处journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前有序数词修饰，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。
【方法指导】
1.不定式作定语：
1)If there’s a lot of work to do, I’m happy to keep on until it is finished.
2)The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.3)With the world changing fast, we have something new to deal with all by ourselves every day.
4)Today I have nothing/something to say at the conference.
5)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to catch.
6)We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our
company.
2.不定式作定语，修饰序数词等;
1)The first person to arrive at the scene was Tony Black from the police station.
2)She was the first/second/third/tenth (student) to come to school today .
3) He is a hardworking student. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
3.以下不定式短语的介词不能省去，因为它们前面的名词是它的逻辑宾语：
1)I will find a chair to sit on/in.
2)You should find a bright house to live in.
3)The painter needs to find somewhere to live.
4)Do you have a pen to write a letter with?
5)You will have to buy a piece of paper to write the notice on.
6)At the department store there are a lot of cameras to choose from.
7)He is a good person to work with.
4.以下两句主语是不定式短语的逻辑宾语：
1)The soft bed is very comfortable to sleep on.
2)I don’t think the chair is firm enough to stand on.
5.注意下面3句的区别：
1)I will attend the meeting to be held next Tuesday. (表将来, 被动)
2)I attended the meeting held last Friday. （表过去, 完成, 被动）
3)I will attend the meeting being held at the hall now. （表进行，被动）
1．(2023·西南名校高三第一次大联考)The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort ________ (get) rid of smallpox.
【答案】to get
【解析】effort后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to get。
2.（2023·江苏省南京市第一中学高三第一次模拟）“We tell people about the club and our goals ____ ____ (raise)
awareness,” said member Kevin Guo, 16.
【答案】to raise
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：16岁的会员Kevin Guo说：“我们向人们介绍这个俱乐部，以及我们提高人们
的认识的目标。”此处用动词不定式充当定语，修饰前面的名词。故填to raise。
3.（2023·江苏省扬州中学测试）Gaining inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s unique
position as the first city _____ _____ （host) the Summer and Winter Olympics.
【答案】to host
【解析】考查不定式。句意：第二次从翡翠中汲取灵感，彰显了中国首都作为第一个举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城
市的独特地位。序数词后动词不定式做后置定语，修饰city，故填to host。
4.（2023·广东省惠州实验中学5月试题）This community, called Hua Yan Hui, was founded in 2011 following a Hanfurevival (复兴) movement that emerged from growing cultural confidence and the desire ___ (express) national
identity. Since then, he has been volunteering to support the group.
【答案】to express
【解析】考查不定式。句意：这个名为“华严会”的社团成立于2011年，随着汉服复兴运动的兴起，这场运动源
于日益增长的文化自信和表达民族认同的愿望。the desire to do“做……的欲望”，不定式作定语修饰desire，故填
to express。
5. [2021·八省 1 月联考）]In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways ________
（reduce）my carbon footprint on the planet.
【答案】to reduce
【解析】考查不定式。在我的日常生活里，我正在进行一次寻找不同方法来减少碳排放的旅程。此处是短语 way
to do something意为：做事的方法。不定式作定语。故填to reduce。
6. [2021·吉林省吉林市高三第一次调研考试]Another Weibo user wrote, “Thank you for giving me an opportunity
______ (appreciate) the landscape in the countryside.”
【答案】to appreciate
【解析】考查不定式。谢谢你给我一个欣赏乡村风景的机会。句中涉及固定短语“an opportunity to do sth.”，意为
“一个做某事的机会”，此处是不定式短语作定语。故填to appreciate。
考点4 不定式作表语
(2023·重庆市第八中学校4月考)But the one thing that reading a book or talking to someone cannot do is ___ __ ___
(provide) you with the experience of wandering Paris on foot.
【答案】 to provide/provide
【解析】考查不定式。句意：但是，读书或与某人交谈无法做到的一件事就是为您提供步行流浪巴黎的体验。从
one thing...cannot do可知，空处为不定式做表语，主语部分有实义动词do，to可以省略。故填(to)provide。
[2021·云贵川桂四省高三上学期联考]Scientists around the world are looking for all kinds of ways to protect and maybe
even revive corals. One option is ______ (create) more marine protected areas-essentially national parks in the ocean.
【答案】to create/creating
【解析】考查非谓语动词一种选择是创造更多的海洋保护区。此处非谓动词作表语，是对主语 option的解释说明，
用不定式或动名词均可。故填to create/creating。
【方法指南】
不定式作表语：
不定式作表语时，主语常是: duty, work, job, task, wish, hope, thing, goal, aim,
problem, question, happiness, what, advice, idea…等：
1)Her duty is to look after the old leaders.
2)Their goal is to become a developed district.
3)The problem is where to build the dam.
●to 不定式作表语解释前面do时, to可省去:
