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【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）
第 06 讲 主谓一致（精讲）
题型目录一览
语法一致
逻辑意义一致
就近原则
就远原则
一、知识点梳理
一、语法一致原则[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]
只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则谓语用复
数。具体表现如下：
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单
数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm. 他父亲正在农场工作。
To study English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。[来源:Zxxk.Com]
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛有害。[来源:学科网
ZXXK]
What he said is very important for us all. 他所说的对我们都很重要。[来源:学科网][来源:
Z,xx,k.Com]
The children were in the classroom two hours ago. 两个小时前孩子们在教室。[来源:Z,xx,
k.Com]
注意：
①由what，who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复
数或what从句是
一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I say is helpful to you. What I bought were three English books.
②两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式；如果是一个
问题的两个方面，用单数形式。[来源:学科网]
Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.
她空闲时间都去购物和体育馆锻炼。[来源:学&科&网]
Where and when to hold the sports meet hasn’t been decided.在哪儿和什么时间开运动会
还没有决定。Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。[来源:
学,科,网Z,X,X,K]
2.由连接词and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用谓语动词的复数形式。
Lucy and Lily are twins. 露西和莉莉是双胞胎。[来源:学|科|网]
Both the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.听到消息，男孩和女孩
都很吃惊。
注意点请参看下面的“逻辑意义一致原则”。[来源:学科网]
3.either, neither, each, every或no＋单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，
都看作单数。
Each of us has a new book.我们每人都有一本新书。
Everything around us is matter.我们周围每件事都是麻烦。[来源:学科网ZXXK]
注意：
①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of＋复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词可
用单数也可用复数。[来源:学科网ZXXK]
Neither of the texts is(are)interesting.这两篇文章都很没趣。
②若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是
复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
None of us has(have)been to America.我们没有人去过美国。[来源:学,科,网Z,X,X,K]
4.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词
的数一致。[来源:学科网]
He is one of my friends who are working hard.他是我那些努力工作的朋友中的一个。[来源:
Zxxk.Com]
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.他是我唯一努力工作的朋友。
5.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就
用复数形式。这类词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, board,
class, team, group, company, crew, enemy, government, herd, jury, party等。
Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达成一致。
注意：people, police, cattle, youth等名词一般都用作复数。
The police are looking for the lost child. 警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。[来源:Z。xx。
k.Com]
6.由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/the rest of/the majority of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或
百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有很多人。
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.讲座剩余的部分很精彩。
50% of the students in our class are girls.我们班50%的学生是女生。
注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。[来源:Zxxk.Com]
The number of unemployment has reached five million.失业人数已经达到五百万。
A number of workers have recently left the company.最近有很多工人辞掉了工作。
二、逻辑意义一致原则
1.若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。[来源:
Z。xx。k.Com]
The writer and artist has come. 那位作家兼艺术家已经到了。
2.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰
时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
Every student and every teacher was in the classroom.每个学生和每位老师都在教室里。
No boy and no girl likes it.没有哪个男孩或女孩喜欢它。
3.表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可
用复数。
One and a half apples is(are)left on the table.桌子上剩下一个半苹果。
4. many a, more than one和a＋名词单数＋or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。many a的意
思是“许多”，more than one的意思是“不止一个”，a＋名词单数＋or two的意思是
“一个或两个”，从意义上讲，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。
Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully.许多成功的店铺都非常乐意地付了房租。
[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]
More than one person is involved in this. 与此事有牵连的人不止一个。
A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。
5. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有
a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。
My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜坏了。[来源:Zxxk.Com]
The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床下那双鞋子是他的。
6.“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，
谓语动词用单数。
The young are mostly ambitious. 年轻人多半有雄心。
Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured. The injured was rushed
to hospital.
昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到医院。[来源:学科网]
注意：有个别的“the＋形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，
谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good指“好人”时表复数意义，
指“善”时表单数意义；the accused指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表
复数意义。比较：
The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，
善未必是真。The accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)
The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)
三、就近(远)一致原则
1.当两个主语由either...or, neither...nor, whether...or..., not only...but also连接时，谓语动词和
邻近的主语一致。
Either the teacher or the students are our friends. 或者老师或者学生是我们的朋友。
Neither they nor he is wholly right. 他们和他都不全对。
Is neither he nor they wholly right? 他和他们都不全对吗？[来源:Zxxk.Com]
2. 当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持
一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有两把椅子、一张桌子。
There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子、两把椅子。[来源:学*科*
网Z*X*X*K]
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer. 抽屉里有一支钢笔,几个信封
和一些纸。
3.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 On the wall are many pictures. 墙上有很多照片。
Such is the result. 结果就是这样。 Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.[ 来
源:Z,xx,k.Com]
在远处就可以听到人们的鼓掌声喝彩声。
4.在定语从句中，关系代词如果在从句中作主语，依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形
式；在“one of＋复数名词＋who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，从句中的动词用复数形
式；但是之前有the (only)等修饰语时，则从句中的动词用单数形式。
Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.
玛丽是我们学校中唯一到过中国的学生。
Mary is one of the students in our school who have ever been to China.[来源:学科网][来源:
学+科+网]
玛丽是我们学校中到过中国的学生之一。
5.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, along with, except, but(除了), li
ke, as well as, rather than，more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动
词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。[来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*K]
Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.格林先生和妻子孩子一
起来到了中国。[来源:学科网ZXXK][来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.除了杰克和迈克，没有人在操场上。
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆一样，她也很高。题型一语法一致原则
【典例1】
Last year, a lot of measures _______(take) by the government to protect our mother river. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
【典例2】
So far, all the homeless people _______(give) food and shelter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【题型训练】
1． In the past decades, some number plates _______ extremely valuable, particularly those that
spell out words.
A．had become B．have become C．has become D．became
2． The medicare cost ________ (estimate) to be one billion dollars. （所给词的适当形式填
空）
3． Magic is a member of an all-volunteer charity. It ________ (run) by Debbie Garcia-
Bengochea and her husband. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4． Built in 1554, during the Ming Dynasty’s defence against the Miao, the wall ________
(destroy) partly by the Miao ethnic group. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5． The water in surface rocks ________ (think) to be a result of hydrogen ions (氢离子) in the
solar wind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6． This is the first time that four helpless ladies ________(rob) in our town. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
7． Tom’s new bike ________(steal) the day before yesterday, and he hasn’t recovered it. (所给
词的适当形式填空)
8． This is the first time that I ________ (hear) such strange things ! (所给词的适当形式填空)
9． Thirty years ago, five factories ________ (build) in our village, polluting the environment
badly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．Up till now, no news ________ (hear) of the missing people in the flood. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
题型二 逻辑意义一致原则
【典例1】
My family _______ (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family ______ (be) all party
members. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【典例2】
About two thirds of the population of that country_______ (live) on farms. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
【题型训练】
1．The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one third ________ used regularly.
Now we have working all day long.A．is B．are C．was D．were
2． During the break, some students went to relax on the playground, but the rest ________
reviewing their lessons in the classroom.
A．are B．was C．were D．is
3． The school has 300 computers and three fourths of them __________ by Project Hope.
A．provides B．are provided C．provide D．is provided
4． A great number of colleges and universities _____ since 1949.
A．has been establish B．have been established
C．have established D．had been established
5． The number of firms selling computers in this region ________ since January 2012.
A．are dropping B．is dropping C．have dropped D．has dropped
6． The number of people invited________ fifty, but a number of them________ absent for
different reasons.
A．were; was B．was; was C．was; were D．were; were
7． This glass works _____ (be) set up in the 1960s. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8． A poet and artist ______ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting
tomorrow afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9． Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress ________(be) the watchwords (口号),
and traditions are increasingly rare. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10． Every girl and every boy _______ (have) the right to join the club. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
题型三 就近就远原则
【典例1】— either he or I fit for the job?
—Neither he nor you .
A.Am; are B.Is; are
C.Are; are D.Is; is
【典例2】
______ Mr Johnson _______his wife enjoy tennis.
A.Either, or B.Both, and C.Not only, but also D.neither, nor
【题型训练】
1.There________a girl and two boys waiting for you since this morning.
A.was B.were C.has been D.have been
2.In our school library there a number of books and the number of them growing larger and
larger.
A.is; are B.has; is C.are; is D.have; are
3.Two thirds of the earth’s surface__________water.
A.is B.are C.have D.was4.Either you or one of your students __________ to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
A.is B.are C.will be D.was
5.—Hey! Here is a message on my cellphone, telling me that I have won the first prize of a
weekend for two in Paris.
—Delete it! It' s a trick. Many a person ______by such tricks.
A.has been cheated
B.have been cheated
C.were cheated
D.was cheated
6.Not only the students but also the teacher ______ against the plan in yesterday's meeting.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
7.We have decided that either you or the headmaster ______ the prize to those gifted students at
the meeting tomorrow.
A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out
8.About _______ of the workers in that steel works _______ young people.
A.third-fifths; are B.three-fifths; are C.three-fifths; is D.third-fifths; is
9.Neither he nor I ________ able to persuade her to change her mind.
A.is B.are C.were D.am
10.Either the beautiful sights of this modern city or its local custom____ thousands of visitors
during the past years.
A.have attracted B.were attracting C.has attracted D.was attracting
