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【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通
用）
第 07 讲 非谓语动词（精讲）
题型目录一览
非谓语动词做主语
非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作补语
非谓语动词作表语
非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词作状语
一、知识点梳理
非谓语动词也可称之为非限定动词（non-finite verbs），指的是由动词变化而成，同时
具有动词性质和原义，但是不能在句子中充当谓语成分的动词。根据定义可 h知，该类此
依旧可以和动词一样带宾语，副词，补语等。
主要分三类：不定式（Infinitive）；动名词（Gerund）；分词（Participle）
一、非谓语动词做主语前提：3种非谓语中，只有不定式（to do）和动名词（doing）可以作主语，分词不可
以。【不定式VS动名词】
1）动名词表达的是： 状态，性质，心境，抽象，经常性，已发生的
不定式表达的是： 目的，结果，原因，具体，一次性，将发生的
Eg1：Smoking and drinking alcohol do harm to health.（抽象）
吸烟饮酒有害健康。
Eg2：To smoke and to drink alcohol so much do harm to health.（具体）
吸烟饮酒有害健康。
2）It句型中，【1】It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语。常见于：“It is no use/no
good/fun/a waste of time/ a good pleasure 之 类 的 名 词 + 动 名 词 ” ； 和 “ It is
useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile之类的形容词+动名词“结构中作主语。【2】It作形
式主语，不定式作真正主语。常见于：”It is +adj + to do sth; It is +adj +for/of sb+to do sth;“
Eg1：It is a waste of time arguing with people like him.
和像他这样的人争论是在浪费时间的。
Eg2：It is worthwhile investing our time，energy and money into learning social skills.
投入我们的时间、精力和金钱来学习社交技能是值得的。
Eg3：It is important to acquire physical knowledge.
学习物理知识是很重要的。
Eg4：It is important for us to acquire physical knowledge.
学习物理知识对我们来说是很重要的。
Eg5：It is very kind of you to help me in need.
你能帮助我真是太好了。
for/of 辨析
① for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如
easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。（for 拿来修饰后面的to do sth）
Eg：It's very hard for him to study the second languages.
对他来说学第二门外语是很难的。
② of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形
容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。（of 拿来修饰人）
Eg：It's very nice of you to help me.
你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
3）there is/was no+doing结构中，动名词作主语。①“无法做某事”、“不可能做某
事”相当于“It is impossible to do ……”，或 “Nobody can …… ”；② “不允许做某事”
Eg1：There is no knowing what will happen afterwards.
无法知道将来会发生什么事情。
Eg2：Please be quiet.There's no talking during the performance!
请保持安静。演出期间不许说话。二、非谓语动词作宾语
前提：3种非谓语中，只有不定式（to do）和动名词（doing）可以作宾语或者介词宾
语。大多数的动词两种非谓语都可以接；但也有一部分需要固定接单一的非谓语形式。
1.动名词作宾语
1）只接动名词作宾语：give up（放弃，戒掉）；admit（承认）；avoid（避免）；
escape（逃避）；enjoy（喜欢）；acknowledge（承认）；appreciate（感激）；risk（冒
险）；resist（抵抗）；put off（推迟）；forgive（原来）；forbid（禁止），lead to，devote
oneself to，object to，stick to等；
2）介词短语之后用动名词形式[即介词之后用动词ing形式]，常考于：feel like dong
sth；想要做某事；
be/get used to doing sth；习惯做某事；
be busy (in) doing sth；忙于做某事；
waste/lose time (in)doing sth；浪费时间做某事；
have difficulty /trouble (in)doing sth；做某事有困难；
there is no point (in)doing sth；做某事没有意义；
2.不定式作宾语
1）只接不定式作宾语：agree（同意）；plan（计划）；aim（打算）；ask（要求）；
demand（要求）；endeavour（努力）；manage（设法）；determine（决心）；decide（决
定）；fail（没能成功）；refuse（拒绝）；prepare（准备）等；
2）在but，expect后作宾语时，习惯用不定式；而且当其前有动词 do（does、did，
done）时，不定式不带to；若没有，则需要带上to；
Eg1：I have no choice but to wait for him because of the time.
因为时间紧迫，我别无选择，只能等待他。
Eg2：We never do anything at home but sleep.
除了睡觉，我们在家里什么都不做。
3.同时接2种非谓语（to do & doing）
1）意义区别不大：主要在于具体抽象，一次多次的差别；
Like；begin；hate；prefer；bother；attempt；intend；cease；
2）意义区别较大：
to do sth 记得/忘记要去做某事；
Remember/forget
doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事
to do sth 抱歉做某事
regret
doing sth 后悔做了某事
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
doing sth 停下正在做的事情
mean to do sth 打算，想要做某事doing sth 意味着做某事
to do sth 不能容忍做某事
can’t stand
doing sth 不忍心做某事
to do sth 不能帮助做某事
can’t help
doing sth 情不自禁做某事
to do sth Sb应该做某事
need
doing sth Sth应该做（主动表被动）
三、非谓语动词作补语
1.不定式to do 和分词（现在分词、过去分词）作主语补足语、宾语补足语，但是表达
意义不同；即时间和作用的差异。
分类 时态 作用
To do（不定式） 将来 目的
Doing(现在分词) 正在 主动
Done（过去分词） 完成 被动
Eg1：My father suddenly saw a homeless man knocking at the door.
我父亲突然看到一个无家可归的人在敲门。(正在进行)
Eg2：Please remind me to take traditional Chinese medicine this evening.
请提醒我今晚要吃中药。（未发生）
Eg3：When they get back home, they found the room robbed.
当他们回到家时，他们发现房间被抢劫了。（已完成，且存在被动关系）
2.不定式作补语，常见于：ask，invite，wish，advise，tell，encourage，request，
order，force，cause，allow，permit，warn，forbid，expect；
3.使役动词make，let，have后，一般不接to do作补语，但是被动语态之中时，要恢
复to。
Eg1：Nowadays，more and more parents make their children learn English according to the
statistics.
根据统计数据，如今越来越多的父母让孩子学习英语。
Eg2：Nowadays，children are made to learn English by their parents according to the
statistics.
根据统计数据，如今孩子们被父母要求学习英语。
四、非谓语动词作表语
核心点：现在分词和过去分词作形容词作用。
Eg1：We were surprised at what he did.
我们对他的所做所为感到惊讶。
Eg2：the problem remains unsolved.这个问题仍未解决。
五、非谓语动词作定语
1.分词作定语：现在分词表主动，正在；过去分词表被动，完成。
Eg1：some swimming children in the river = some children are swimming in the rive.正在河
里游泳的孩子。
Eg2：the building completed four years ago=the building that was completed four years ago.
四年前完工的楼房。
2.不定式表示未来，目的，常后置。
Eg3：This plan to be discussed at the meeting is still unknown.
会议上将要讨论的计划仍不清楚。
六、非谓语动词作状语
1.常见用法，不定式表示目的，原因，结果；分词表示时间，原因，让步，条件，方
式，伴随等。
Eg1：Given more time，he could complete his exam paper better.
只要有更多的时间，他就能更好地完成试卷。（条件）
Eg2：Teacher walked into the classroom，following his students.
老师跟着他的学生走进了教室。（伴随）
Eg3：Being a Party member，we should voluntarily work for the public.
作为一名党员，我们应该自愿为公众工作。(原因)
2.独立主格结构（重中之重）
定义：分词作状语时应注意其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致，否则分词要有自己的
逻辑主语，这种带主语的分词为独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）
1）常见结构：“逻辑主语+分词”
Eg1：Weather permitting，we would have a sports meeting this afternoon.
如果天气允许，我们今天下午会开个运动会。
(Weather permitting = If weather permits)
Eg2：His voice drowned by the noise，the speech has to be interrupted.
他的声音被噪音淹没了，演讲不得不被打断。
（as his voice is drowned by the noise）
Eg3：There being no cause for alarm，the ole woman went back to her room.
由于没必要恐慌，那位老妇人回到了她的卧室。
2）with，without作伴随状语或者定语。
Eg4：The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手双手被绑在背后给带了进来。
（hands 和tie是被动关系，因此用过去分词）
3.特殊形式
【1】分词的习惯用法作独立主格。常 见 于 ： generally/strictly speaking ； judging
form；considering/given；regarding/concerning；provided/providing/supposing；including；
seeing that（既然）等。
【2】不定式作独立主格。
常见于：to be honest，to tell the truth，to say the least（不夸张地说）；to begin/start
with（起初，首先）
Eg1：It is a marvelous plan，to be sure，but it costs too much.
当然，这是一个了不起的计划，但花钱太多了。
Eg2：Judging from what she said，he must be an honest boy.
根据她所说的来判断，他英国是一个诚实的男孩。
题型一非谓语做主语
【典例1】
__________ (furnish) a new house can be very expensive.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【典例2】
Many people believe that ________ (对……征税) plastic bags is an extremely smart idea for the
well-being of the environment. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【题型训练】
1．—What in the world put you in a really bad mood?
—________in the traffic for hours.
A．Stuck
B．Being stuck
C．To be stuck
D．Sticking
2．________ plans in place for the future, as many of us already know, is no guarantee that they
will become reality.
A．Have B．Having C．To have had D．Having had
3．It is no use______________ (reason) with him. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort ________ (get) rid of smallpox. （所给词的适
当形式填空）
5．In some ways, ________ (learn) to program a computer is similar to learning a new language.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
6．In a tempo run, if you don’t hit your pace early, it’s nearly impossible ________ (catch) up.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
7．It is very difficult for us ________(finish) the whole work in two days. （所给词的适当形式填空）
8．It’s generally acknowledged that Yuan Longping’s________ (pass) away is a great loss to all
of us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
题型二非谓语做宾语
【典例1】
The woman enjoyed _______________(watch) TV every night. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【典例2】
The team had great trouble _______________(get) to the earthquake-stricken area. (所给词的适
当形式填空)
【题型训练】
1．What great trouble Jim had _____ his father to sell his old car!
A．persuaded B．persuade C．to persuade D．persuading
2．The man trapped him into ________(give) away the business secret. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
3．He makes it a rule never ________(borrow) money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．Our English teacher acknowledged ______________(be) at fault on English learning. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
5．When his mother came in, Charlie pretended ______________(sleep). (所给词的适当形式填
空)
6．I spend hours every day ______________(edit) my selfies, posting them and eagerly checking
my phone a hundred times for comments. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．Readers tended ___________(share) articles that were exciting or funny. (所给词的适当形式
填空)
8．Creating a brand-new organism by ________ (combine) the genes of existing, unrelated
organisms is known as genetic engineering. （所给词的适当形式填空）
9．After ________ (see) the beautiful flowers, we had tea and snacks together on the benches
overlooking the wide mountain and sky landscape. （所给词的适当形式填空）
10．I have never regretted ____(send) the old lady to the hospital at the cost of missing the
interview. (所给词的适当形式填空)
题型三非谓语做补语
【典例1】
My parents encouraged me_______________(study) abroad to get a master’s degree. (所给词的
适当形式填空)
【典例2】
The terracotta warriors and horses are colorless, looking like they’ve just been unearthed from the
ground. But you may be surprised ____(learn) that they’re not showing their “true colors” at all.
(所给词的适当形式填空)【题型训练】
1．We should improve our ability to engage in international communication to tell the stories of
China well and make the voice of China________globally.
A．hearing B．to hear C．having heard D．heard
2．I’ve been dreaming of becoming a writer since I was a teenager, but it seems hard to get a
book _______.
A．publishing B．having published
C．published D．to be published
3．We should improve our ability to engage in international communication so as to tell China’s
story well and make the voice of China ___________globally.
A．hearing B．heard C．having heard D．to hear
4．You need to get them ____ that you want to see the plan _____ out next month.
A．understand; carried B．to understand; carrying
C．understand; carrying D．to understand; carried
5．The villagers found the lost child ______ in the cave.
A．hide B．hiding C．to hide D．to be hidden
6．We all urged him ___________(go) ahead with his plan. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, with all his attention ________ (fix) on it. （所给
词的适当形式填空）
8．The man was made ________(work) for 12 hours a day when he was young.(所给词的适当形
式填空)
9．He turned around and saw the old man ________(applaud) the young actor. （所给词的适当
形式填空）
10 ． In order to help preserve history, the Greek government appointed a committee
________(undertake) a complete repair to the Acropolis. (所给词的适当形式填空)
题型四 非谓语做定语
【典例1】
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________ (surround) in concentric (同心
的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【典例2】
Another was that people ________ with cholera must eat food or water with germs. (infect) (所给
词的适当形式填空)
【题型训练】
1．On Felton Place, a street in Madison, Wisconsin, there is a very small library about 20
books.
A．holding B．held C．to hold D．having held
2．We all agree that Donald is a nice guy ________.A．to work B．working C．to work with D．working with
3．My first English teacher Ms. Wang has retired, but she still remembers the happy time with us
students.
A．to spend B．spend C．spending D．spent
4．In January 2023, a new year film, Full River Red, ________ in Song dynasty, was released
and made a hit immediately.
A．set B．setting C．having set D．to set
5．According to a study ______ in the magazine Science, the changes in the sounds of our
oceans, seas, and other waterways affect many sea animals.
A．publishing B．published C．having published D．to publish
6．The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the
Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort ________ (get) rid of smallpox. （所给词的适
当形式填空）
7．Happiness is like a small stone ________ (drop) into a pool to cause a circle of ripples. （所
给词的适当形式填空）
8．It gives us a chance ________ (explore) the stories that we might never know about otherwise.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
9．Richard was aware of the danger ________ (await) him on his way back to England after the
war. （所给词的适当形式填空）
10．A huge number of works ________ (paint) by students are on display. （所给词的适当形式
填空）
题型四 非谓语做状语
【典例1】
He contacted the driver, only ________ (discover) it contained ￡400 in notes, with another ￡50
in spare change beside it. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【典例2】
While ________ (research), we found that she had some characteristics similar to a pit bull (比特
犬)．（所给词的适当形式填空）
【题型训练】
1．________friends a real part of our lives, we should put down our smartphones and meet them
in person.
A．Making B．Made C．To make D．Having made
2．The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us, ________ us that we must continue to reach for the
stars, no matter how distant they might seem.
A．reminded B．to be reminded C．reminding D．having reminded
3．Apparently, due to the new policy,________ years before, food waste has much decreased
since last year.A．to compare with
B．comparing with
C．being compared with
D．compared with
4．________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart
phones.
A．Enjoying B．Enjoyed C．To enjoy D．Having enjoyed
5．________ with two job offers, we may wonder exactly what it is we’ re choosing between.
A．Having presented B．To be presented C．Presenting D．Presented
6．Lily’s new house is like a huge palace, ________ with her old one.
A．comparing B．compares
C．compared D．to compare
7．While we seep, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours,
________ us to enter a virtual reality.
A．to allow B．allowing C．having allowed D．allowed
8．________(compare) with French, English is easy. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
9．________(compare) English with French, I find English easy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．________(attack)by terrorists, the tall building collapsed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
