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考点 11 动词不定式（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点
动词不定式
题型
年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
2024·新课标I卷 to give 作宾语补足语
2024·新课标II卷 to find 作原因状语
2024·全国乙卷 / /
2024
2024·全国甲卷 to catch 作宾语
2024·年北京卷 to rest 固定搭配
2024·年浙江1月 to benefit 作目的状语
to bite 作宾语
2023·新课标I卷
to be lifted 作宾语补足语
2023·新课标II卷 / /
语法填空
2023
2023·全国乙卷 / /
2023·全国甲卷 to teach 作目的状语
2023·年北京卷 to address 作目的状语
2022·新课标I卷 to increase 作目的状语
2022·新课标II卷 to see 作目的状语
2022·全国乙卷 to strengthen 作目的状语
2022
2022·全国甲卷 to journey 作后置定语
2022·年北京卷 to harm 作后置定语
2022·年浙江1月 to continue 作宾语
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于动词不定式的考查共计15次，主要考查：
1．不定式作的句法功能（目的状语、定语、宾补、主语和宾语）；
2．不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型；
3. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。
【备考策略】
1. 系统归类不定式的用法;2. 熟练掌握不定式的各种形式的意义和用法，尤其是不定式作目的状语及其固定搭配、固定句型。
【命题预测】
预测2025年高考语法填空和短文改错对不定式的考查仍然会成为的重点和难点，尤其是考查不定式的
一些固定搭配、固定句型。
必备基础知识：
1）不定式的各种形式
种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义
一 般
to do 将要发生或发生在谓语动词的动作后 to be done 被动、将来
式
进 行 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正
不定式
式 在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生
完 成 to have been done被动、发
to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前
式 生在谓语动词的动作之前
2）非谓语动词的句法功能：
功能 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
形式
不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √
V-ing √ √ √ √ √ √
V-ed √ √ √ √
01 动词不定式作状语
1. 作目的状语
不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词
不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to/so as to＋动词原形，但so as to不用于句首。
To make friend s easily, you need to be very kind.
要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。
2. 作结果状语
a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定
式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。
I rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone.
我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。
b．不定式作结果状语还常用于so ... as to ..., such ... as to ..., enough to ..., too ... to ...等结构中。She was so late as to miss half of the lecture.
她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。
She is such a good teacher as to be respected by all her students.
她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。
The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.
这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。
3. 作原因状语
不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind,
surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。
They were surprised to be informed of the news.
被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。
She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted.
得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。
4. 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作
状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上
的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是
及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难懂。
The picture is pleasant to look at.
这张画很好看。
5. 作独立成分
下列结构常用作独立成分：
to tell the truth说实话； to be honest诚实地说； to put it briefly前言之；
to be frank坦白地说； to begin/start with首先； to make things/matters worse更糟糕的是；
to put it in a nutshell简而言之
1.【2024 新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42_visibility__
(visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed
___43___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42 their ____
(they) contents.
1.(2023·河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调） ________ (preserve) the ancient tea trees, Yunnan Province haspassed a protection regulation recently,clarifying that wild and cultivated tea plants aged over 100 years should be
better protected in the province.
2.(2023·云南省曲靖市一中高质量监测（五）) ________ (address) the problems, Yan improved Dai’s
papermaking technology, thus saving production time and reducing labor costs.
02动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同
位关系。
(1) 表示将来的动作时，根据需要不定式可用主动或被动形式。
His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.
我借了一些假期读的书。
(2 )表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right,
attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位关系。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
你有用英语读和写的能力吗？
(3)名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表主谓关系。
She is always the first student to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。
(4)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。
—Do you have anything to be typed, sir?
—No, thanks.
——先生，你有东西要打印吗？
——没有，谢谢。
I have a lot of work to do.
我有许多活要干。
若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介词。
I have no pen to write with.
我没有写字用的钢笔。
He had no money and no place to live in.
他没钱，也没地方住。
(2022·全国甲卷)A visuallychallenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
1.（2023·广东省惠州实验中学5月试题）This community, called Hua Yan Hui, was founded in 2011 following
a Hanfu revival (复兴) movement that emerged from growing cultural confidence and the desire ___
(express) national identity. Since then, he has been volunteering to support the group.
2.（2023·江苏省扬州中学测试）Gaining inspiration from jade for a second time honors the Chinese capital’s
unique position as the first city _____ _____ （host) the Summer and Winter Olympics.
03 动词不定式作主语、宾语和表语
1）作主语
不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作。可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，
而把不定式置于后面。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It's not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.
学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。
It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.
对数字进行定期更新很重要。
2）作宾语
下列动词只跟不定式作宾语
口诀 动词
希望学会想决心 hope/wish/expect, learn, want, decide/determine
设法拒绝愿假装 manage, refuse, care, pretend
主动承诺选计划 offer, promise, choose, plan
请求同意来帮忙 ask/beg, agree , help
She closed her eyes and pretended to be asleep.他闭上眼睛，假装睡着了。
注意：有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语，如，discover, explain, wonder等。
I wonder how to deal with the colourful apples.我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。
He has no choice but to leave.他除了离开别无选择。（作介词to 的宾语）
3) 作表语
表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，
一般用不定式。
③What she likes is watching/to watch children play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
④ My wish is to become a good teacher.
我的愿望就是要当个好老师。1.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend
____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first,
releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), ____38 or ____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the
hot soup explode on your tongue.
2.【2021全国甲卷】 It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
1.（2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）The govermment, however, does not intend __ (stop) the
protection programmes, since the threats to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared.
2.（2023·河南省安阳市 TOP二十名校摸底）The ox was originally first, but he was so kind that he agreed
____ ____ (carry) the little rat across the river.
04 作补语
1.下列动词（短语）后跟带to的不定式作宾补
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, order, persuade,
prefer, require, teach, tell, want, wish, warn, remind, wait for, call on, depend on等。
Our teacher encourages us to face difficulty bravely.我们老师鼓励我们勇敢地面对困难。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.她要我在她不在的时候接电话。
易错点：1. 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三
种形式，试比较(以see为例)：
① I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动，完成)
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
② I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动，正在进行)
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
③ To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动，
无时间性)
为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。
易错点：2 使役动词＋宾语＋宾补
注意：(1)在以上省去to的不定式作宾补的结构中，若变为被动语态，需将省去的不定式符号to补出
来。
He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动）
→His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动)
他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。(2)have还可以用于“have sth to do/to be done”结构中，其中have作“有”讲，用不定式作定语。
I have something urgent to inform you.
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh
air.
1.（江苏省常州市联盟校 2023-2024学年高三10月调研试题）The hearing left Washington with decisions
________ (make).
2.（2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模）This made tea easier ________ (transport) and more plea sig to
the tongue.
05动词不定式的其它考点
1）不定式的主动表被动
(1) 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时。
If you want to make even greater progress in your studies, you still have many difficulties to overcome.
如果你想在学业上取得更大的进步,那么你还需要克服许多困难。
(2) 在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy，hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant,
comfortable，dangerous，impossible 等。
He is not easy to get along with. 他不易相处。
The book is very interesting to read.这本书读一读是很有趣的。
(3)不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I don't know which to choose because there isn’t any difference between the two.
两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。
(4) 某些动词不定式与be连用时，如to blame(责备)，to seek(寻找),to let(出租)等。
He is to blame for this.他因这件事该受责备。
The answer is not hard to seek.答案不难寻找。
2）不定式的被动语态
(1) 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。
A lot of graduates ask to be sent to work where they are most needed every year.
每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。
(2) 不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。
The topic to be discussed tomorrow is about climate change
明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。
(3) 不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
The novel is said to have been translated into several languages.这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。
3）下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to：
（1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。
（2）主语是the only，the first，the last，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语
从句中含有do的某种形式时。
All you need to do now is complete the form.
你现在要做的是把这张表填好。
What I want to do most in senior high school is improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。
The only thing to do now is go on.
前进是现在唯一的出路。
（3）省略不定式是否保留to
在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。如：
☞I shall go if I want to. 如果我想去就去。
☞ ＂Don’t be late.＂ ＂I’ll try not to.＂ ＂不要来晚了。＂＂我尽量不来晚。＂
☞Don’t go till I tell you to. 等我叫你走你再走。
注意：1. 若被省略的不定式为to be短语，则通常应保留to be。如：
☞He is not the man he used to be. 他已不是原来的那个样子了。
2. 有时省略不定式时，同时也可省略to。如：
☞She may go if she likes (to). 她想去就可以去。
1.【2024北京卷】 Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth. Taking the time ___11___
(rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of ___12_self-awareness__ (self-aware).
2.【2022年新高考2卷】He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
1. One thing you can’t help but________when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space.
A．notice B．to notice C．to be noticed D．being noticed
2.Your sister is said ______ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping yesterday.
A．to be treated badly B．treating badly
C．being badly treated D．to have been badly treated
【答案】D
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说你妹妹昨天在超市购物时受到了不好的待遇。sb. be said to do固定搭
配，意为“据说某人做某事”，且根据句意可知，不定式的动作“对待”发生在谓语动词“据说”之前，
故用不定式的完成式。故选D。（最新模拟试题演练）
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2024届河南省三门峡部分名校高三下学期模拟考试】 Each dancer carries a bamboo stick, 4 is
struck against the ground to the music. This dance is typically performed 5 (celebrate) the end of the
harvest season.
2.【安徽省蚌埠市皖北私立联考2023-2024学年高三下学期期中】The resolution further urges UN bodies at
headquarters and other duty stations 13 （avoid） holding meetings on the Lunar New Year.
3.【2024届河南省濮阳市高三下学期二模】A birthday surprise is not easy 31 (come) by for 90-year-
old Wong, having lived through the majority of the length and breadth of human experience, but dressing up in
traditional Chinese hanfu this year came 32 a welcome treat.
4.【2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模】 4 (regard) as part of the national heritage, Chinese acrobatics
features the ability 5 (maintain) balance in performance movements.
5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】Running until April 16, the exhibition offered enough time for
audiences 1 0 (explore) and appreciate Ai’s artistic vision.
6.【2024届四川省攀枝花市高三下学期第三次统一考试】The three institutions are allowing students to use Al
when taking assessments, although under strict conditions. Professor Romy Lawson said, “Instead of 3 (ban)
students from using such programs, we aim to assist academic staff and students 4 (use) digital tools to
support learning.”
7.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】From all aspects, it is fair 1 (say) that
the Shenzhou XIII mission has been a (n) 2success (succeed). In terms of speed, it set a new record. The
Shenzhou XII return capsule spent over 24 hours revolving around (绕……旋转) Earth 11 times before returning on
Sept 17, 2021.
8.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】A piece measuring around half a meter can take her months 23
(complete).
9.【2024届四川省绵阳市高三下学期第三次诊断性考试】Located near the archaeological site of the Yin Ruins,
54 is also the location of the last capital of the Shang Dynasty(1600-1046 B．C．), the expanded Yinxu
Museum is the first museum 55 (present) the Shang civilization comprehensively.
10.【2024 届广东省佛山市禅城区高三下学期统一调研测试】At the same time, Citywalk represents an
opportunity for tour guides and travel service providers to deliver services 1 0 (meet) with ever-changing
market demands.
11.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】 His 8 (mother) ancestors arrived in Australia from China
in the 1830s, just before the Gold Rush which saw thousands of Chinese 9 (make) the journey to the gold fields ineastern Australia in the 1850s and 1860s.
12.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】 6 (participate) in the program, Huang quit his job with no 7
hesitation (hesitate) and returned to China as one of the first professionals.
13.【2024届江西省景德镇市高三下学期第三次质量检测】For Chen, Qiang embroidery is much more than a
piece of art 20 (appreciate). “If you allow it to convey its real value, it will improve more people’s lives
and drive rural revitalization,” she said.
14.【2024届福建省南平市建阳区福建省南平市建阳区高三预测绝密卷模拟】The organizer Martha Lucius was
excited 30 (see) the new neighborhood competition come to life, saying, “It’s been great to see all of
the excitement.”
15.【四川省成都市成实外教育联盟2023-2024学年高三下学期联考】Taoism (Daoism) is one of China’s best-
known religions. It’s an ancient tradition of philosophy that reflects a deep-rooted Chinese worldview. But what
exactly is Tao? We visited the largest Taoist establishment in Beijing, the Baiyun Temple, 31 (find) out
more.
16.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】In Thailand, it’s customary to deep clean homes, schools, and public
spaces to 48 (pure) them ahead of the Thai New Year. People toss water at each other in the streets to wash
away the previous year’s bad luck and ensure luck for the year to come.
17.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】As spring comes, it is sensible to open the windows 49 (air)
out stuffy homes, remove dirt, and repair any damages 50 occurred during the winter months. Inventions
such as vacuum cleaners, washing machines, and cleaning agents have made the process more efficient and
convenient.
18.【2024届山东省日照市高三下学期二模】“When I caught a cold or had a cough, my mom used to make a
cupping, a technique that involves placing cups on the skin 2 (create) suction (吸力),” said
Halpyarovich.
19.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】In Thailand, it’s customary to deep clean homes, schools, and public
spaces to 48 (pure) them ahead of the Thai New Year. People toss water at each other in the streets to wash
away the previous year’s bad luck and ensure luck for the year to come.
（2024·湖北黄冈·三模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Six decades ago, China and France established diplomatic ties. 51 their differences and multiple
challenges, Chinese and French people have shown mutual respect and worked together towards achieving many
common goals.
Over the past six decades, this dynamic relationship 52 (witness) numerous historic milestones and
tangible accomplishments. China is now France’s largest trading partner in Asia, while France ranks as China’s third-
largest trading partner 53 the third-largest source of investment in real terms within the European Union
(EU).
Former French Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin believes that it is the love for peace that brings them
together. As a 54 (culture) ferryman between China and France, he hopes more young people from bothnations will venture to the “other side” and know each other better.
Lefevre Michele, 55 18-year-old pre-college student at Fudan University, found that Chinese TV
dramas, like Meteor Garden, have been well-received in France, 56 (particular) among many female French
viewers. It was her love for these dramas that sparked her initial interest in Chinese culture, leading her to 57
(far) her studies in China.
Oceane Rivoire, now a student 58 (major) in Chinese language and literature at Tongji University in
Shanghai, found the homonyms in Chinese extremely interesting, such as the word “bat”, 59 has the same
pronunciation as the word “fortune”, and “red dates and peanuts” are usually used 60 (extend) good wishes
for the newlyweds to have a baby soon.
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh
air.
2.【2024全国甲卷】Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend
____41____（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety.
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___42___ (visible), said
Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___43___ (find)the
connection between the two great writers.
4.【2024北京卷】 When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us
identify important areas of our lives and ___13___ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices.
5.【2024浙江1月卷】The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However,
if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ____36____ (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
2023年
1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】
To eat one, you have to decide whether ____37____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (
溢出), ____38____ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them
____41____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____42____ (they)
contents.
3.【2023年全国甲卷】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to
pass on wisdom
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously
unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________(increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
2.【2022全国甲卷】A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first
step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
3.【2022全国乙卷】__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of
public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the
world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
4.【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
____________（continue） the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【2022年新高考2卷】Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto
the balcony, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
5.【2022年北京卷】As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an
intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
6.【2022年天津卷第二次】________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James
Naismith created basketball.
A. To be kept B. Kept C. To keep D. Keeping
2021年
1.【2021全国甲卷】 It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
2.【2021 全国乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations
aim 10 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
3.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front
yard.
