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考点 07 非谓语动词（原卷
版）
【命题趋势】
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意
其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去
分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过
去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查
在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
【名师指导】
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题
目时，一定要解析句子结构，确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的
功能(如状语、定语或宾补)；找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被
动)；搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。非谓语题的解题总方法如下：
1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多
半是非谓语动词题。
2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；
3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么
另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。
4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用现在分词；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一
般用过去分词。
5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have
done/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done /
doing / being done / done）。
【重要考向】
一、非谓语动词作状语；
二、非谓语动词作定语；
三、非谓语动词作宾语；
四、非谓语动词作宾补；
五、非谓语动词作主语和表语；
非谓语动词作状语
【典例】
【2022.1浙江卷语法填空】
But Cobb and others are now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to
participate remotely and 59 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate
change crisis .
【非谓语动词作状语提分秘籍】
1．不定式作状语表示结果、目的(可与so as to/in order to替 换，但是so as to不可置于句首)或原因
(表示原因只用在表示 喜、怒、哀、乐等表语形容词后)。
2．分词作状语：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。现在分词作状语
时，现在分词所表 示 的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词 作状语时，过去分词所
表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑 上的被动关系。现在分词作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果;不定
式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only。
3．部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动，也不表完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有：
lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着的)，lost/absorbed/buried in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tiredof(厌烦的)，faced with(面对着)。
【特别提醒】动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语用的形容词 easy，hard，difficult，pleasant，good，fit，
comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和
句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，
不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短
语。
基本用法
种类 形式 意义特征 功能
to do 主动、将来
to be done 被动、将来
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、
不定式 to be doing 主动、进行
同位语、状语和补语
to have done 主动、完成
to have been done 被动、完成
过去分词 done 被动、完成 作表语、状语、定语和补语
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、
动词-ing doing 主动、进行
状语(不作目的状语)和补语
非谓语动词作定语
【典例】
【2019全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ______（retire） from her
36-year-old business.
【非谓语动词作定语提分秘籍】
1．现在分词作定语
现在分词的主动式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。现在
分词的被动式 作定语与所修饰名词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示该动 作被动和进行。
2．过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。
3．不定式作定语
(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，
若该不定式 是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。
(2)被修饰的名词是抽象名词时用不定式作定语，常见的抽 象名词：ability，chance，idea，fact，
excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。
(3) the first，the second，the last，the next，the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰名词或代词时，
常用不定式作定语。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下周五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
【方法技巧】
非谓语动词作定语是一个非常重要的考点，考生在做此类 试题时要从动作发生的时间、动作与主语的主
谓或动
宾关系上着手去判断.要解答好这类题目可按下列步骤进行:
第一步：判断该动词与被修饰的名词之间的关系。
若是动宾关系就要用表示被动的非谓语动词(过去分词、动词v.－ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式)，
若是主谓关系则用动词v.－ing形式的主动式或动词不定式的主动式。
第二步：看动作发生的时间。
若表示将来，用不定式；若表示动作正在进行用现在分词;若表示动作已经完成或结束，用过去分词。
非谓语动词作宾语
【典例】
【2022.1浙江卷语法填空】
That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans 65 (continue) the
practice .“It has been fairly rewarding.” she says .”a really positive change”
【非谓语动词作宾语提分秘籍】1．只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，intend，plan，demand，promise，help，prepare，decide，refuse，
choose，wish，hope，want，expect，fail，pretend，manage，determine，beg，arrange，threaten，
claim，hesitate， happen等。
2．只接v.－ing形式作宾语的动词：admit，avoid，consider，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，
suggest，feel like，give up，put off，object to，look forward to等。
3．接不定式与接v.－ing形式有显著区别的动词：(1)try to do 尽力做……；try doing 试着去 做……；(2)
mean to do 打 算做……；mean doing 意味着……；(3) regret to do 遗憾 要 去做……；regret doing后悔
做过……；(4) remember to do 记得去做……；remember doing记得做过……；(5) forget to do忘记做
过……；forget doing 忘记做了……。
4．动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.－ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态
作宾语。与此用法 相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
5．介词后一般要接v.－ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前有实义动词do，不
定式要省略to。
We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。
What a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him
yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him.
多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。
非谓语动词作宾补
【典例】
【2020全国卷Ⅱ语法填空】
They make great gift and you see them many times ______ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good
fortune.
【非谓语动词作宾补提分秘籍】
1．现在分词作宾补
现在分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该 动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系，并且现在分词作宾补强调正 在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官 动词(see，watch，observe，
look，notice，hear，listen，feel)，使役动词(have，get)，find，leave，keep，catch等。
I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
He had the light burning all night，which made his parents
very angry.
他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。
It’s wrong to leave the computer working.
让电脑一直开着是不对的。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
对不起让你久等了。
I found a number of people already working there.
我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。
2．过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动 词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词
作宾补的常见动 词：感官动词(see，watch，observe，look，notice，hear， listen，feel)，使役动词
(have，make，let，get)，find， leave，keep等。
When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.
你应该让我了解他的行踪。
The old found his hometown much changed.
这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。
He left much work unfinished because he was ill.
因为生病，他留下许多工作未做。
3．不定式作宾补
(1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise，allow， ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，
forbid， force，get，invite，leave，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，warn，wish，call on，
depend upon等。
(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：help，使役动词(make，have，let)，感官动词。如果这些
动词或短语用 于 被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符 号to 可 以 省略，也可以保留。
We hurriedly ended the meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆忙结束了会议，留下很多问题要解决。
4．with＋宾语＋宾补
(1)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动且进行)
(2)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动且完成)
(3)with＋宾语＋to do(表示将来)
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with
their pet dog following them.
这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后
面跟着。
John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函
而且他的
工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected
president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
考向五
非谓语动词作主语和表语
【典例】
【2021全国甲卷语法填空】
It is possible ______ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【非谓语动词作主语和表语提分秘籍】
1．非谓语动词作主语
不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作 ；v. －ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，
尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式或v.－ing形式后置。下列句
型常用v.－ing形式作主语：It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。
Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。It is no good learning without practice. xk+w
只学习不实践没有好处。
It’s not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.
学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。
2．非谓语动词作表语
v．－ing形式作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征；不定 式 作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表
示将来的动作。
What she likes is watching children play.
她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
His ambition is to go Harvard University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and
offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
（2021.6新高考二卷）
I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____37____ (think)it is food.
（2021.6新高考二卷）
I decided to do something ____38____ (educate) people about this problem.
to educate
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After 4 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for
some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Minimize the impact of 7 (visit) the place.
（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Activitithere range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim 10 (have) a low
impact on the natural environment.
（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than
men and women in rural areas.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 9 (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income
and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 ． (find) and study areas of the South
Pole-Aitken basin.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
They represent the earth 63 ． (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 ． (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good
fortune.
（2020·新课标II卷语法填空）
They are easy 68 ． (care) for and make great presents.（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 ． (find) the well-known painter.
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 ． (surround) the mountain tops, he was
reduced to tears.
(2020·山东新高考语法填空)
As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they)
living at a different time in history or 43 ． (walk)through a rainforest.
(2020·浙江卷语法填空)
Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 ． (change)lives.
(2020·浙江卷语法填空)
Later，they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63 ．
(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Modem methods ___of__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and
are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area.
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements,…
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-
still working 40 hours a week.
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had no plans
___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___a__ joke.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
On our way to the house，it was raining ___so__ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take
___62___ (get)there.
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
On the last day of our week-long stay，we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm
on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】
But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform.
【2019·北京卷·语法填空】
Nervously ___2___ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _myself_(I) the two simple words “Be
yourself”.
【2019·北京卷·语法填空】
Earth Day，___4___(mark)on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental
protection.
【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】
You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still
reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___
(improve) water quality.
【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】
I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't
feel____65____(challenge).
【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】
I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked (shock) when I
learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
Although Keyboarding has done wonders____9____(make) life more efficient, it is too impersonal.
（2022·云南·一模）
___14___ (locate) southwest of China, Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia and mainly depends
on road, water and air transport for the movement of people and goods.
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
As more young people grow frustrated with pressure, they say they want to give up conventional rites of passage,
such as _____30_____ (get) married or having children.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
It was estimated that around 1.2 million tons of artificial snow were produced for the 2022 Beijing Winter
Olympics ___41___ (hold) in February this year.
（2022·重庆·一模）Chinese workers once demonstrated their great efficiency in 2018. Incredibly, around 1,500 workers spent just
nine hours ___52___(complete) the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province, southern China.
（2022·江西赣州·一模）
An important factor ____74____ (affect) happiness is the tendency to compare one’s situation with
____75____ of other people.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T3）
It’s certainly not realistic ___3___ (remove) all plastic from your life, but some statistics may encourage you to
reduce your single-use plastic footprints.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T6）
Every piece of plastic ___6___ (create) will remain in the environment in some form, but…
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T7）
…but if you conveniently throw it out, wind and run-off carry the waste down the sewer(污水管) and directly to
the ocean, ___7__ (affect) the marine life including the fish…
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T1）
It seems that people in western countries are becoming increasingly___1___(worry) about the side effects of
drugs,…
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T4）
After ___4___ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and physically
exhausted.
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T3）
In reality, however,60% of clothing nowadays is abandoned within a year of purchase, which produces vast
quantities of waste that global landfills (垃圾填埋场) are struggling_____3_____ (absorb).
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T7）You could buy secondhand clothing, too, as a useful way to extend the lifespan ( 寿 命 ) of items
already_____7_____ (create).
【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】
In 1995, Dr. Madan Kataria called on a group of students in a park______ (test) whether adding regular laughter
to people’s lives would improve their well-being, Kataria also introduced deep breathing and simple yoga moves
into the exercises.
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
______ (inspire) by Chinese writing brushes, he uses bamboo branches as his brushes, which represents his latest
attempt to create unpredictability in splatter effects.
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
With the unpredictable painting effects of these tools, he also wants ______ (defend) the art field in the expansion of
artificial intelligence.
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
His breakout video, where his process of painting Qi tian Dasheng (Monkey King) is shown，has won more than
408,000. likes，______ (make) him popular on the platform.
【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
The Northern Essex Community College (NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spring break
in New York City, helping repair an area ______ (destroy) by the hurricane.
【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
Together, those volunteers and the NECC students worked ______ (clear) rubbish out of a three-story building.
【湖南省长沙一中2021届高三四调】
Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building ______ (lie)
all over the place.【湖南省长沙市一中2021届高三三调】
Keeping him too busy ______ (think)about the past helps him see a positive light.
【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
As global travel restrictions are likely ______ (remain) for the coming months, Beijing 2022 organizers have
decided to cancel a series of test events.
【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
Additionally, huge thanks to the Chinese national athletes and their coaches for ______ (conduct) the test runs.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
He says he gets so excited waiting for his pigeons ______ (arrive) at the end of a race that his heart starts beating fast.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
Yu told Reuters news agency Recently, his 7-month-old pigeon______ (name) "Link Ancestor" placed first in a
Chinese Racing Pigeon Association race.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
After all, there's so much for you______ ( learn) academically and socially, like getting along with classmates,
and dealing with teachers.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
______ (like) by a large group of people cannot take the place of building deep, supportive friendships.
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready______ (begin) his enquiry.
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
She has composed several songs, including one called the “Little dog in Dream"， where she imagined her life
with the company of a guide. ______ (bring) so much pleasure into her life, the piano empowers her with
perseverance and accompanies her throughout her ups and downs in its own way.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
She hopes to ______ (admit) to a university in Beijing and major in music performance or music production.
【河北省2021届高三模拟】
Jupiter's atmosphere is covered with bands of clouds and filled with vast______ (spin) storms.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago, and put it to good use, saving dozens of
old tree stumps from being removed by______ (turn) them into impressive works of art.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
He promised to honor their requests, but he will never repeat any of the artworks ______ (find) in his home
city.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
While ______ (fly) through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by gu – zheng, which is a
traditional Chinese musical instrument.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
When people look at those kites, they feel as if they are flying away with the kites ______ (escape) the noisy
world and step into the nature with their body and soul.
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
Nobu Okada, CEO of Astroscale, a company working on ways to clean up space junk, says “even a small paint
fleck has enough power______ (blow) up other satellites.
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
______ (look) to the future, like any litter problem, we need to look at ways of creating less.
【福建省福州一中2021届高三调研】
A pedestrian lane runs more than 4,000 meters through the tropical forest, ______ (ensure) close contact with
nature.【辽宁省朝阳市建平县2021届高三9月联考】
After New York’s Met recently announced its change to entrance fees, 36.______ (make) the $25 charge required
rather than 37.______ (suggest)—it has raised the question whether museums should be free of charge to the
public.
