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考点 06 谓语动词（原卷
版）
【命题趋势】
1. 语法填空以时态的考查为主，语态的考查为辅。
2. 在语法填空中侧重考查一般时，进行时及完成时。
3. 动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。考题创设的语境比较明确，
通常是根据所设置的语境中的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。
【名师指导】
1. 了解并能正确运用常考的11种时态；
2. 熟练运用现在完成时、现在完成进行时、一般过去时等高考高频时态；
3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般时 do / does did shall/will do should/would do
进行时 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing
完成时 have/has did had did shall/will have did should/would have did
完成进行 have/has been
had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing
时 doing
【重要考向】
一、一般时态；二、进行时态；
三、完成时态；
四、高考涉及的其他时态；
五、被动语态
一般时态
【典例】
【2022年1月浙江卷语法填空】
But Cobb and others (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide
more chances to participate remotely and changing their personal behavior to do their part
in dealing with the climate change crisis .
【 一般时态 提分秘籍】
1．一般现在时
(1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。 常与表示习惯的副词(词
组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，sometimes，usually，
every day/night等连用。
(2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于 go，
arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。
(3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中， 用一般现在时表示将来。
Around two o’clock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat bothers us.
每天晚上两点左右，苏就 说梦话。这使我们有点烦心。
If it doesn’t rain，we’ll go on a picnic as planned.
如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。
Whatever you say，I will not change my mind.
无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。
The flight takes off at 2：30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飞机每周三、周五2：30起飞。
2．一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系或表示过去一段时间内反复发生的动作， 常 与 every day，often，sometimes等时间状语连用。
—Haven’t seen you for ages! Where have you been?
——好长时间没见你了！你去哪里了？
—I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one year，teaching as a volunteer.
——我去了宁夏，在那里待了一年，作为一名志愿者教学。
3．一般将来时
(1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动 作或存在的状态。“will＋动
词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
(2)“be going to＋动词原形”表示①现在打算或计划将 来 要做的事情；②表示根据某
种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情。
(3)“be to＋动词原形”表示①预先安排好的计划或约定；②表示说话人的意志、意图、
指责、义务、命令等；③表示 注定要发生的事情。
(4)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事， 该结构不与表示具体的将来时
间状语连用。
—What time is it?
——几点了？
—I have no idea.But just a minute，I will check it for you.
——我不知道。但是等一会儿，我给你查一下。
—Mr.Li was ill in hospital.
——李老师生病住院了。
—Oh，I didn’t know.I’ll go to see him tonight.
——哦，我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。
I am to meet Mr.Brown at eleven o’clock this morning.
我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。
I was about to go out when it began to rain.
我正要外出，这时开始下雨了。
进行时态
【典例】【2018浙江卷11月语法填空】
You probably ______ (use) caffeine since childhood.
【 进行时态 提分秘籍】
1．现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正
在进行。
(2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常限于go，come,leave，start，arrive，return，
work，sleep，stay，have， wear等表示移动、方向的动词。
(3)表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等(常与 always，constantly，
continually等副词连用)。
2．过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以
及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
She was phoning someone，so I nodded to her and went away.
她正在跟别人打电话，因此我朝她点了点头就走开了。
3．将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动
作。
Daniel’s family will be enjoying their
holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
丹尼尔一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。
完成时态
【典例】
【2022浙江卷1月语法填空】
For example,roughly 200 academics- many of them climate scientists 61 (promise) to
fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.【 完成时态 提分秘籍】
1．现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间 状语：already，just，yet，
never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few years，up to now，so far等。
(2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与 for,since等表示一段时间的状
语连用。
(3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
(4)This/It is the first/second...time＋that从句，that从句 中 谓语要用现在完成时。
(5)It(This)is the best(worst，most interesting等)＋名词＋定语从句，从句中的谓语用现在
完成时。
—Have you heard about the recent election?
——你听说过近期的选举吗？
—Sure，it has been the only thing on the news for the last three days.
——当然了，它是近来三天新闻中唯一的事情了。
It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I
came to this school.这是我自从到这个学校以来所参加过的最有教育意义的讲座。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema
together as a family.
这是第一次我们一家人去电影院看电影。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
除非我亲眼看到，否则我不会相信你的。
2．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。
(2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间 状 语：
by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋句子等。
(3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，
think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示
过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
(4)在“hardly(scarcely)．..when...”，“no sooner...than...” 句型中，主句用过去完成时，
从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”。Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she had seen most of the guests
before.
索菲娅环视了所有的面庞，她有印象——绝大多数的客人以前她都见过。
He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he had had it for a very long time.
他把自己的吉他卖掉时并不高兴。毕竟，他拥有这把吉他已经很长时间了。
I had intended to call on you，but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college.
杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.
我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下了。
3．将来完成时
表示在将来某个时间之前完成的动作，并且往往对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间
状语为“by＋将来某个时间”。
By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.
等到史密斯先生到达超市时，我们将已经在那里待了一个小时了。
高考涉及的其他时态
【典例】
【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】
In fact, he ______ (surprise) people since the beginning of his career.
【 其他时态 提分秘籍】
1．过去将来时
表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用于宾语从句中。
He hoped that he would be given a more suitable job in 2016.
[K]
他希望在2016年能得到更合适的工作。
2．现在完成进行时(have/has been doing)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续 到现在,并有可能继续下去,
常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。
Since the time humankind started gardening，we have been trying to make our environment
more beautiful.
自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们 的环境变得更加美丽。
The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人如何改善这一方案。
3．过去完成进行时(had been doing)
表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到过去某一时刻，这一动作
可能已经停止也可能还在进行。
She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years. xk/w
她告诉我她已经学习法语5年了。(动作仍继续)
She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.
她告诉我她已经等我一个钟头了。(动作不再继续)
考向五
被动语态
【典例】
【2022.1浙江卷语法填空】
Travelling to conferences ,lectures ,workshops,and the like-frequently by plane
57 (view)as important for scientists to get together and exchange information .
【 被动语态 提分秘籍】
1．被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的
被动语态，除be外被动语态的构 成 形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。
2．只要及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态,不及物动词或短语无被动语
态。常考的不及物动词或短语：
last，cost，spread，happen(to)，take place，belong to， break out，go out，run out，
work out。3．主动形式表示被动含义
(1) 表示感受、感官的系动词如feel，sound，taste，look等,后面跟形容词、名词构成
系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
(2) 当sell，read，draw，wash，write，open，wear，run， burn等不及物动词后带状
语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主 语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽力履行好自己的职责。
—So what is the procedure?
——那么程序是什么样？
—All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.
——所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。
Food supplies in the flood－stricken area are running out.
We must act immediately before there’s none left.
洪水灾区的食品即将用完。
我们必须在他们用完之前采取措施。
Your reason sounds reasonable.你的理由听起来很合理。
His books sell well，so they will be sold soon.
他的书很畅销，因此很快就会卖光。
考点1 几组时态的区别（表解）
一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去
的动作,凡有明确的过去时间的均 Were you at school yesterday?昨天你
一般过去时 用过去时,一般过去时强调的是动 在学校吗?(问的是昨天的事情。但对今天
作发生在“过去”,和现在毫无关 没什么影响。)
系
I have just finished my homework.我
现在完成时强调的是对“现
刚刚写完作业。(看上去好像是过去才发
现在完成时 在”的影响和结果,动作到现在刚
生的事情,但是对我现在有了影响。因为
完成或还在继续
写完了作业,就可以做自己想做的事情。)
过去完成时指的是相对于过去
When he came in,I had had my supper.
的某一特定时间更早发生的动作,
过去完成时 他进来时,我就已经吃完晚餐了。(吃在进
发生在“过去的过去”,即过去完
来之前,所以用过去完成时。)
成时至少涉及两个过去的动作
考点2 固定结构中的时态（表解）
hardly...when...,no 主句时态用过去完成 Hardly had I opened the
sooner...than...“一……就……” 时,从句时态用一般过去时 door when Tom came in.
This/That/It is/was the 若主句中为is,则从句 This is the first time we时态用现在完成时;若为
first/second...time+that从句 have seen a film in the
was,则从句时态用过去完
“是……次做某事” cinema together as a family.
成时
若be动词用一般过去
I’m sorry you’ve been
It+be...before... 时,则before 从句中常用
waiting so long,but it’ll still
“要过……才”或“在……以
一般过去时;若be动词用
be some time before Brian
后才” 将来时,则before 从句中
gets back.
常用一般现在时
was/were doing...when“正在做
某事,这时(突然)” I was about to leave
when he came in.
was/were about to
do...when...“正要做某事,这时(突
在when引导的从句
I had just locked the
中,谓语动词用过去式
door when I realised I had
然)”
left my key on the kitchen
had done...when“刚做完某事, table.
这时(突然)”
It has been three years
since he worked here.
他不在这工作已经三
since从句用过去时。
年了。
该句型表某个动作持续多
久。但若since后跟延续 It has been three years
It is/has been+时间段+since 性动词,要翻译成否定含 since he smoked.
义,即“没做某事已经多久 他已经戒烟三年了。
了”
It has been three years
since he began to smoke.
他吸烟有三年了。
考点3 八种时态的标志词（表解）
一般现 often,usually,always,sometimes,never,seldom,every
在时 week/day/year/month...,once a week,on Sundays
ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week/year/night/month...,in
一般过
1989,just now,at the age of five,one day,ago,long ago,once upon a time,then(那
去时
时),on that day,the other day(几天以前)
现在
now,these days,at this moment/time
进行时
过去 at this time yesterday,at that time或“when+一般过去时从句”,at 1:00 last
进行时night
现在 recently,recent years,these days/years,lately,since,for+时段(但还在延续),in
the past few years,ever since,in the last/past five months,up to now,since then,so
完成时
far,ever,never,yet,lately,once,twice,three/four times...,already,before,just
过去
before,by the end of last year/term/month
完成时
一般 tomorrow,next day/week/month/year...,soon,in a few minutes,by...,the day
将来时after tomorrow,in the future
过去 the next day/morning/year...,the following month/week...将来时
考点6 主动语态表示被动意义（表解）
look,sound,feel,smell,ta The soup smells good but
系动词+形容词
ste,prove,appear tastes terrible.
This kind of material
washes easily.
不及物动词与状语连用, cut,sell,read,write,fill,c
The pen writes smoothly.
用以表示主语的品质和状态 ook,lock,wash,drive,keep
Meat won’t keep long in
such hot weather.
表开始、结束、运动的 begin,finish,start,open,c The shop closes at 6
动词 lose,stop,end,run p.m.every day.
Your hair wants cutting.
有些表示“需要”的动 need,require,want,be
The floor requires washing.
词后加动词的-ing形式 worth
The book is worth reading.
The question is difficult to
answer.
hard,difficult,easy,heav
不定式在某些形容词之
y,fit,good,comfortable,conve The box is heavy to carry.
后,且与主语有动宾关系
nient,impossible
The project is impossible to
complete in a year.
（2021.6新高考卷语法填空）
One of the biggest companies I wrote to ____43____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.
（2021·全国甲卷·语法填空·T1）
The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It
___1___ (build) originally to protect the city of the Tang dynasty and has now been completely
restored (修复).
（2021·全国甲卷·语法填空·T6）
We ___6___ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
（2021·新高考I卷·语法填空·T6）
You can’t help wondering how hard it ____6____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocksinto place.
（2021·浙江卷·语法填空·T1）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in
downtown Springfield, Illinois, ___1___ （prove）irresistible to visitors since it opened to the
public.
（2021·浙江卷·语法填空·T5）
Mary's niece wrote, "The little home ___5___ （paint）white…"
（2021·浙江卷·语法填空·T10）
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and ____10____
（sell）most of their furniture.
（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6 (be)
for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10 (sell)
most of their furniture.
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely
restored（修复）.
（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
We 6 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in
downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to thepublie.
（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI
of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon
goddess 61 ． (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）
＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because
it 67 ． (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68 ．
(construct) .＂
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
The artist was sure he would 63 ． (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the
emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
（2020·新课标III卷语法填空）
65 （ When/As ） he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the
legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 ． (point) down the river.
（2020·浙江卷语法填空）
And，as more children were born，more food 59 ． (need).（2020·浙江卷语法填空）By about 6000 BC，people 61 ． (discover)the best crops to grow
and animals to raise.
（2020·浙江卷语法填空）
New methods 65 ． (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.
（2020·山东卷语法填空）
The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, 38 ． (form) the core collection
of the British Museum 39 （ which/that ） opened in 1759.
（2020·山东卷语法填空）
The parts of a museum open to the public 40 ． (call) galleries or rooms.
【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】
Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be)
stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans
__to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】
I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends
I ___66___(make) over the years
【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
Our hosts shared many of their experiences and___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，
shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees
in the backyard.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】
On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful
farm on the North Shore under the stars
【2018·新课标卷I·语法填空】
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more
effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.
【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___
（grow）more corn than rice.
【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___
(start) a soil-testing program that/which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and
2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【2018·新课标卷II·语法填空】
True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm.
（2022·四川师范大学附属中学二模）
Gabriela worked for a multinational company as a successful project manager in Brazil and
___61___(choose) to manage a team in Sweden.
（2022·新疆·布尔津县高级中学一模）
In recent years, as the “new” technology of using computers and smartphones____2____(take)over
society, students no longer need to learn how to write “ mechanically" and they let their keyboardsdo the work.
（2022·云南·一模）
The China-Laos Railway, ___11___ connects Kunming in southwest China’s Yunnan Province
with the Laotian capital, Vientiane, ___12___ (start) operation on Dec 3. 2021.
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）Y
“Young people ____29____ (wear) out,” said Lim Woon-taek, a professor of sociology at Keimyung
University in the Republic of Korea.
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The first time people used artificial snow to host a competition ___43___ (be) back in 1980.
（2022·江西赣州·一模）
Happiness does not appear to be associated with age, gender, race, or geographical location. Instead,
it ____71____ (relate) to the feeling you have when you are self-satisfied.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T4）
The popularity of plastic, which ___4___ (begin) rising in the 1950s, is growing out of control—
18.2 trillion pounds of plastic has been produced. And there is no sign of slowing down.
（2021·诸暨市5月模拟·语法填空·T9）
So focused ___9___ (be) the society on making people’s life more convenient in the short term,
but in the long run, those everyday conveniences are at the expense of our health.
（2021·成都三诊·语法填空·T5）
My friend Tony, who___5___ (study) acupuncture at a college near London at the time, suggested
that I visit an acupuncturist.（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T2）
In reality, however,60% of clothing nowadays _____2_____(abandon)within a year of
purchase,…
（2021·台州市4月调考·语法填空·T8）
But I've come to think that whether you buy something new or used ____8____ (matter) less if
you commit to keeping clothes in use for decades.
【辽宁省葫芦岛市2021届高三模拟】
Tests______ (carry) out at several airports since last year, including John F. Kennedy International
Airport in New York. The company hopes to put it in airports around the world.
【江苏省如皋市2021届高三调研】
Every year, an average of 1,218 nose and 2,479 ear removals ______ (occur) between 2010 and
2019.
【江苏省南通市通州区2021届高三质量监测】
Swimming, for example. is an excellent physical activity as nearly all muscles ______ (use)when
you swim.
【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】
Laughter Yoga______ (create) in the mid-1990s as a social experiment.
【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三五调】
Medical research ______ (suggest) that language is a good way to reduce stress and help people
feel good. Kataria Laughter Clubs are popping up in response to people’s need to handle pressure.
【江苏省常州高级中学2021届高三调研】
Liaoning province，______ (create) a painting of the Monkey King using a bamboo brush last
month.【湖北省宜昌市2021届高三联考】
I want to thank the Beijing 2022 organizing committee for the outstanding work they______
（do）so far.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
But the country's economic development over the years ______ (permit) the sport to spread
beyond the wealthy.
【湖北省孝感高中2021届高三模拟】
Pigeon racing has a long history in China. “Membership in the Chinese Pigeon Association has
jumped from tens of thousands in the 1980s to about 400.000 today.'”______ (say) the group’s vice
president, Huang Jian.
【湖北省孝感高级中学2021届高三调研】
Then the researchers ______ ( analyze) the 10 years of data to understand how people handled
stress over time.
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
Cholera was a deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure ______ (understand).
【湖北省武汉外国语学校2021届高三调研】
The first suggested that cholera ______ (multiply) in the air. The second suggested that people
absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021届高三质检】
She would also like to see how she looks, cook a big meal for her parents and take a walk in the
places she ______ (be) to hundreds of times.【河北省2021届高三模拟】
And then there's the question of just what ______ (drive) those monster storms.
【河北省2021届高三模拟】
Nine spacecrafts ______ (send) to study Jupiter by now. The most recent was Juno, which arrived at
the planet in July 2016.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三四调】
Today, he is so good at woodcarving that his home city allows him to work his magic on old tree
stumps and so far about 40 works of art ______ (create) in the local parks.
【广东省深圳外国语学校2021届高三三调】
In the 7th century, kite ______ (introduce) to neighboring countries including Korea and Japan.
【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
I attended a birthday party in 1991. My teacher was then 59 years old. But her fellow teacher said
that we ______ (celebrate) her 39th birthday!
【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
The amount of space junk 38.______ (increase). Over the last few decades, satellites and
rockets39.______ (launch) into space, littering the cosmos as they go.
